CN109383558A - A kind of rail vehicle wheel rim parameter on-line dynamic measurement device and measurement method - Google Patents
A kind of rail vehicle wheel rim parameter on-line dynamic measurement device and measurement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109383558A CN109383558A CN201811499719.9A CN201811499719A CN109383558A CN 109383558 A CN109383558 A CN 109383558A CN 201811499719 A CN201811499719 A CN 201811499719A CN 109383558 A CN109383558 A CN 109383558A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61K—AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAILWAYS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B61K9/00—Railway vehicle profile gauges; Detecting or indicating overheating of components; Apparatus on locomotives or cars to indicate bad track sections; General design of track recording vehicles
- B61K9/12—Measuring or surveying wheel-rims
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of rail vehicle wheel rim parameter on-line dynamic measurement device and measurement methods, belong to technical field of rail traffic.A kind of rail vehicle wheel rim parameter on-line dynamic measurement device of the invention, including the outside laser displacement sensor being installed on the outside of track and the inside laser displacement sensor being installed on the inside of track, wherein the height of the sensing head height errant top surface of outside laser displacement sensor is H1, the horizontal distance apart from rail top center is L1, detection light beam is A with the angle perpendicular to orbital direction1, it is A with the angle for being parallel to orbital direction2；The sensing head of the inside laser displacement sensor is H lower than the height of rail top face2, the horizontal distance apart from rail top center is L2, it is B with the angle perpendicular to orbital direction1.It can effectively improve the detection accuracy of wheel rim parameter using technical solution of the present invention, and its detection efficiency is higher.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of rail traffic, exist more specifically to a kind of rail vehicle wheel rim parameter
Line dynamic measurement device and measurement method.
Background technique
With the fast development of China's rail traffic, the safety problem of train on-line operation is also increasingly significant.Wheel to be column
The part that vehicle is in contact with rail.Wheel to ensure that operation and steering of the locomotive on rail, bear the whole from train it is quiet,
Dynamic loading, and rail is passed it on, and give rail vehicle each components the load transmission generated by guideway irregularity.This
Outside, the driving and braking of rail vehicle are also by wheel to working.Therefore, the situation taken turns pair is directly related to the fortune of train
Row quality and safety, the real-time monitoring to its dimensional parameters are to ensure the important measures of train safety traffic.
It is usually to be measured using manual measurement and static measurement method to wheel rim parameter in traditional technology, detects
Precision is poor, and detection efficiency is low, to promote the research and development of dynamic on-line monitoring technology.Exist for wheelset profile
Line detection technique, the method for early stage are to measure using based on ccd image measuring technique, but the system structure of this method is arranged
Complex and vibrated, environment influences big.With the development of sensor technology, laser ranging has obtained more and more extensive
Using Many researchers start the dynamic on-line monitoring that laser displacement sensor is applied to wheel rim parameter.
Such as, application No. is 201610365458.6 application case disclose a kind of detector for train wheel pair size online test method and
Its system, this method obtain wheel rim vertex circular diameter and speed by laser-correlation optoelectronic switch, are positioned by eddy current sensor
Wheel rim minimum point and height to ground, the point above wheel detected according to interior outside 1D laser displacement sensor obtain
The wheel tread contour line, to obtain high wheel rim, wheel rim thickness and wheel footpath, but the detection accuracy of this application needs further to be mentioned
It is high.
Summary of the invention
1. technical problems to be solved by the inivention
It is an object of the invention to overcome that existing method is used to measure existing deficiency to wheel rim parameter, provide
A kind of rail vehicle wheel rim parameter on-line dynamic measurement device and measurement method.Use technical solution of the present invention can be with
The detection accuracy of wheel rim parameter is effectively improved, and its detection efficiency is higher.
2. technical solution
In order to achieve the above objectives, technical solution provided by the invention are as follows:
A kind of rail vehicle wheel rim parameter on-line dynamic measurement device of the invention, including being installed on the outside of track
Outside laser displacement sensor and the inside laser displacement sensor being installed on the inside of track, wherein outside laser displacement sensor
For acquiring the contour line at wheel rim vertex to wheel name rolling circle, the height of sensing head height errant top surface is
H1, the horizontal distance apart from rail top center is L1, detection light beam is A with the angle perpendicular to orbital direction1, and it is parallel to rail
The angle in road direction is A2；The inside laser displacement sensor is used to acquire the contour line in wheel on the outside of rim face to wheel rim,
It is H that it, which senses head lower than the height of rail top face,2, the horizontal distance apart from rail top center is L2, with the folder perpendicular to orbital direction
Angle is B1。
Further, the outside laser displacement sensor and inside laser displacement sensor are two-dimensional laser displacement
Sensor, sensing edge between head and being parallel to the distance of orbital direction is L3；Two tracks are symmetrically installed with the outside
Laser displacement sensor and inside laser displacement sensor.
Further, the installation site of two laser displacement sensors meets following formula:
tanA2=(R-H1)/L3
R is radius of wheel to be measured, and when sensing head height is when rail top, H1 is taken just, on the contrary then take negative value.
Further, the outside laser displacement sensor and inside laser displacement sensor are installed by sensor
Mechanism is installed, which includes bottom plate, inside mounting plate and outboard mounting plates, and insole board is fixedly mounted
In rail base, inside mounting plate and outboard mounting plates are fixedly linked with bottom plate, and inside mounting plate and outboard mounting plates
Setting angle is corresponding with the setting angle of inside laser displacement sensor, outside laser displacement sensor respectively.
Further, support plate is installed on the bottom plate, support plate is fixedly linked with adjustable plate, outboard mounting plates peace
Dress be supported on adjustable plate, and the supporting surface of support plate be processed as it is corresponding with the setting angle of outside laser displacement sensor
Two-dimensional inclined.
Further, be rotatably connected between the outboard mounting plates and adjustable plate by bearing, and by bolt into
Row is fixed.
Further, the adjustable plate is equipped with regulating center bearing base, and correspondence is equipped with and aligning axis on outboard mounting plates
Hold the self-aligning bearing that seat is rotatably assorted；Fixation hole and fine tuning threaded hole are machined on the outboard mounting plates, wherein fixation hole
Internal diameter is greater than the diameter of fixing bolt in fixation hole.
A kind of rail vehicle wheel rim parameter on-line dynamic measurement method of the invention, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: the acquisition of vehicle wheel profile
It when wheel passes through, controls two 2D laser displacement sensors while acquiring wheel tread profile, wherein inside laser
Displacement sensor acquires the contour line in wheel on the outside of rim face to wheel rim, and outside laser displacement sensor acquires wheel rim vertex
Contour line to nominal rolling circle；
Step 2: the extraction of contour line
It chooses inside laser displacement sensor and surveys that contour line by wheel rim normal, i.e., wheel rim in all contour lines
The corresponding contour curve measured of laser displacement sensor on the outside of that contour curve and synchronization when in minimum point；
Step 3: the extraction of valid data
Invalid curve data in the contour curve of selection is filtered, to be extracted to valid data；
Step 4: the rotation of contour curve
Processed two contour curves are subjected to rotation processing according to following formula along clockwise direction:
X=(x1-x0)cosα-(y1-y0)sinα+x0
Y=(x1-x0)sinα+(y1-y0)cosα+y0
In formula: (X, Y) is the coordinate of curve after rotation, (x1, y1) be rotation before curve coordinate, (x0, y0) it is rotation
The coordinate for turning center, takes (0,0) point, and α is rotation angle；Wherein, the rotation angle [alpha] of outside laser displacement sensor is (A1-
90) it spends, the rotation angle [alpha] of inside laser displacement sensor takes (b-90) to spend, and wherein b is inside laser displacement sensor institute measuring wheel
The straightway in interior rim face (is rotated to be level by the straightway in rim face tilt angle relative to horizontal direction in wheel in wide curve
Rotation angle when direction)；
Step 5: curve matching and integration
Using the endpoint of the surveyed contour curve of inside laser displacement sensor as characteristic point, two sensors are surveyed into rotation
Curve afterwards is spliced, and re-starts integration to the X-coordinate of two curves and Y-coordinate again after splicing, interior rim face X is taken when integrating
The average value of coordinate, then the average value is integrated into 0；
Step 6: the calculating of wheel rim parameter
Wheel rim parameter is calculated according to the contour curve after gained splicing integration.
Further, in the surveyed contour curve of inside laser displacement sensor in wheel the straightway in rim face relative to water
Square to tilt angle b calculate it is as follows: in the surveyed contour curve of inside laser displacement sensor in wheel rim face for one tilt
Straight line, take any two points in the angled straight lines, its tilt angle can be calculated:
It repeatedly takes and is a little calculated, obtain a series of angle tangent value tanb1, tanb2, tanb3 ... ..., tanbk,
These tangent values are averaged again, are obtained:
Tan b=(tan b1+tan b2+tan b3+......+tan bk)/k
Then in rotation formula:
Further, in step 5 curve matching method specifically: first obtain inside laser displacement sensor surveyed
The maximum value a of curve after contour line rotation1And endpoint value a2, then obtain outside laser displacement sensor institute's measuring wheel profile rotation
The maximum value b of curve afterwards1, and b is found in curve after the rotation of laser displacement sensor institute measuring wheel profile on the outside2=b1-(a1-a2)
Point, if finding b without just corresponding point in curve2Coordinate (the X of left and right two o'clock1, Y1) and (X2, Y2), and with following public affairs
Formula calculates b2The X-coordinate at place:
With (Xb2, b2) point spliced and obtain spliced contour line.
Further, with measuring basis specified in locomotive car wheel flange tread shape standard in the step 6
Calculate that wheel rim is high, wheel rim is thick and three parameters of wheel rim integrated value, if the measurement point of some wheel rim parameter without measured value, under
The formula approximate calculation in face:
Wherein, if it is known that the Y-coordinate of certain measurement point, when seeking the X-coordinate of the point, carries out approximate calculation with formula (1), if knowing
The X-coordinate of road measurement point when seeking the Y-coordinate of the point, carries out approximate calculation with formula (2)；
The calculation method of distance between backs of wheel flanges is as follows:
By the surveyed contour curve of inside laser displacement sensor, angularly b rotates, and rotation center is (0,0) point, obtains
To the contour curve of interior rim level, the distance L1 in rim face in the laser displacement sensor to wheel of inside is further obtained；Similarly, may be used
To obtain the distance L2 in rim face in the inside laser displacement sensor to wheel of other side rail；If two laser displacement sensors it
Between mounting distance be L, then distance between backs of wheel flanges be d=L+L1+L2.
3. beneficial effect
Using technical solution provided by the invention, compared with prior art, have the following beneficial effects:
(1) a kind of rail vehicle wheel rim parameter on-line dynamic measurement device of the invention, by side in orbit and
A laser displacement sensor is installed in outside respectively, and is optimized to its setting angle, high so as to the wheel rim to wheel,
Wheel rim thickness, wheel rim integrated value and distance between backs of wheel flanges carry out on-line checking, and its detection accuracy is higher, and detection efficiency is fast.
(2) a kind of rail vehicle wheel rim parameter on-line dynamic measurement method of the invention, passes through two laser displacements
The installation of sensor, and acquire data to it and extract, rotate, splicing the profile that wheel to be measured can be obtained with integration processing
Curve, so as to which high to wheel rim, wheel rim is thick, wheel rim integrated value and distance between backs of wheel flanges carry out on-line checking, detection essence
Degree effectively improves relative to existing detection method.
(3) a kind of rail vehicle wheel rim parameter on-line dynamic measurement method of the invention, due to two sides steel rail laying
There are certain deviations for angle, and axle inevitably occurs bending and deformation under carrying effect, these result in vehicle
There are certain tilt angles in rim face in taking turns, in view of the above problems, the present invention passes through to inside laser displacement sensor institute measuring wheel
The rotation angle of wide curve optimizes, so as to effectively avoid influence of the above problem to testing result, further
It ensure that the detection accuracy of wheel parameter.
(4) a kind of rail vehicle wheel rim parameter on-line dynamic measurement method of the invention, by with inside laser position
The endpoint of the surveyed contour curve of displacement sensor splices two surveyed contour curves of laser displacement sensor as characteristic point
When, so as to further increase detection accuracy, avoid influence of the external interference to testing result.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of rail vehicle wheel rim parameter on-line dynamic measurement device of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the distributed architecture schematic diagram of laser displacement sensor of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the distribution top view of laser displacement sensor of the invention；
Fig. 4 is train wheel wheel rim parameter measurement point schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of outboard mounting plates of the invention；
Fig. 6 is the curve that two laser displacement sensors detect；
Fig. 7 is postrotational curve graph；
Fig. 8 is the contour curve after splicing integration.
Figure label explanation:
1, bottom plate；101, briquetting；102, fastening bolt；2, bottom plate reinforcing rib；3, inside mounting plate；4, support plate；5, it props up
Fagging reinforcing rib；6, regulating center bearing base；7, adjustable plate；8, outboard mounting plates；801, self-aligning bearing hole；802, fixation hole；803,
Finely tune threaded hole；9, outside laser displacement sensor；10, inside laser displacement sensor；11, track.
Specific embodiment
To further appreciate that the contents of the present invention, now in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment 1
In conjunction with Fig. 2, Fig. 3, a kind of rail vehicle wheel rim parameter on-line dynamic measurement device of the present embodiment, including peace
Outside laser displacement sensor 9 loaded on the outside of track 11 and the inside laser displacement sensor 10 for being installed on 11 inside of track,
The two laser displacement sensors are two-dimensional laser displacement sensor, wherein outside laser displacement sensor 9 is used for collecting vehicle
Contour line at wheel rim vertex to wheel name rolling circle, the height of sensing 11 top surface of head height errant are H1, apart from rail
The horizontal distance at top center is L1, detection light beam is A with the angle perpendicular to orbital direction1, with the folder for being parallel to orbital direction
Angle is A2；The inside laser displacement sensor 10 is used to acquire the contour line in wheel on the outside of rim face to wheel rim, senses head
Height lower than 11 top surface of track is H2, the horizontal distance apart from rail top center is L2, it is with the angle perpendicular to orbital direction
B1.Edge is parallel to 11 direction of track between outside laser displacement sensor 9 and the sensing head of inside laser displacement sensor 10
Distance is L3。
When specific installation, the installation site of above-mentioned two laser displacement sensor meets claimed below: tanA2=(R-H1)/
L3, R is radius of wheel to be measured, and when sensing head height is when rail top, H1 is taken just, on the contrary then take negative value.And other parameters such as A1, L1、
L2、B1And H2Selection then with can satisfy two laser displacement sensors measurement range require can (outside laser displacement pass
Sensor 9 is used to acquire the contour line at wheel rim vertex to wheel name rolling circle, and inside laser displacement sensor 10 is used for
Acquire the contour line in wheel on the outside of rim face to wheel rim).
Embodiment 2
A kind of rail vehicle wheel rim parameter on-line dynamic measurement device of the present embodiment, structure is with embodiment 1, more
Further, two tracks 11 are symmetrically installed with the outside laser displacement sensor 9 and inside laser displacement sensor
10, so as to measure the wheel rim parameter of two sides wheel respectively.
Embodiment 3
A kind of rail vehicle wheel rim parameter on-line dynamic measurement device of the present embodiment, the substantially same embodiment of structure
2, difference essentially consists in: outside laser displacement sensor 9 described in the present embodiment and inside laser displacement sensor 10 are logical
It crosses sensor attachment mechanism to be installed, as shown in Figure 1, the sensor attachment mechanism includes bottom plate 1, inside mounting plate 3 and outer
Side mounting plate 8, insole board 1 are fixedly installed in 11 bottom of track, and inside mounting plate 3 and outboard mounting plates 8 are fixed with bottom plate 1
Be connected, and the setting angle of inside mounting plate 3 and outboard mounting plates 8 respectively with inside laser displacement sensor 10, outside laser
The setting angle of displacement sensor 9 is corresponding.Briquetting 101 is equipped with by fastening bolt 102 on the bottom plate 1 of the present embodiment, is pressed
Block 101 is pressed on the bottom plate of track two sides, and the inclined-plane to match with rail bottom tilt angle is processed on 101 head of briquetting, with
Guarantee the fastness of bottom plate installation.
Embodiment 4
A kind of rail vehicle wheel rim parameter on-line dynamic measurement device of the present embodiment, the substantially same embodiment of structure
3, difference essentially consists in: support plate 4 is equipped on the bottom plate 1, support plate 4 is fixedly linked with adjustable plate 7, outboard mounting plates
8 installations are supported on adjustable plate 7, and the supporting surface of support plate 4 is processed as the setting angle phase with outside laser displacement sensor 9
Corresponding two-dimensional inclined.It is required convenient for the setting angle of outside laser displacement sensor 9 to be adjusted to by the setting of adjustable plate
Position, to meet the requirement of wheel parameter detection.
Embodiment 5
A kind of rail vehicle wheel rim parameter on-line dynamic measurement device of the present embodiment, the substantially same embodiment of structure
4, difference essentially consists in: be rotatably connected between the outboard mounting plates 8 and adjustable plate 7 by bearing, and by bolt into
Row is fixed.Specifically, adjustable plate 7 is equipped with regulating center bearing base 6 in the present embodiment, correspondence is equipped with and adjusts on outboard mounting plates 8
The self-aligning bearing (being installed in the self-aligning bearing hole on outboard mounting plates 8) that heart bearing block 6 is rotatably assorted, self-aligning bearing is inserted into
In the inner ring of regulating center bearing base 6, so as to arbitrarily adjust position and the angle between outboard mounting plates 8 and adjustable plate 7.Such as figure
Shown in 5, fixation hole 802 and fine tuning threaded hole 803 are machined on the outboard mounting plates 8, wherein the internal diameter of fixation hole is greater than solid
The diameter of fixing bolt in hole is determined, to carry out the fine tuning of sensor setting angle.The self-aligning bearing of outboard mounting plates 8 is inserted into
After regulating center bearing base 6, trimming bolt is screwed into fine tuning threaded hole 803, holds out against tune when its end passes through fine tuning threaded hole 803
When saving plate 7, continues to tighten trimming bolt, outboard mounting plates 8 can be made to relatively rotate relative to adjustable plate 7, thus externally
The tilt angle of side mounting plate 8 is finely adjusted, and fixing bolt is screwed into outboard mounting plates 8 in fixation hole 802 after the completion of adjusting
It is fastenedly connected with adjustable plate 7, to ensure that the accuracy of the tilt angle of outside laser displacement sensor 9.In order to guarantee to tie
The stability of structure is equipped with bottom plate reinforcing rib 2, sets between support plate 4 and adjustable plate 7 between the present embodiment insole board and support plate 4
There is support plate reinforcing rib 5.
Embodiment 6
A kind of rail vehicle wheel rim parameter on-line dynamic measurement method (each parameter measurement basic point signal of the present embodiment
For figure as shown in figure 4, wherein Qr is wheel rim integrated value, Sh is that wheel rim is high, and Sd is that wheel rim is thick), using the measuring device of embodiment 5,
The following steps are included:
Step 1: the acquisition of vehicle wheel profile
It when wheel passes through, controls two 2D laser displacement sensors while acquiring wheel tread profile, wherein inside laser
Displacement sensor 10 acquires the contour line in wheel on the outside of rim face to wheel rim, and outside laser displacement sensor 9 acquires wheel rim
Contour line at vertex to nominal rolling circle；When acquiring contour curve, two laser displacement sensors are with certain frequency (frequency
Can be identical, can not also be identical) all contour curves of continuous acquisition wheel when passing through, what is collected is exactly the wheel
Original contour curve data.The specification of wheel to be measured is diameter D=770-840mm, H in the present embodiment1=54mm, L1=L2=
167.5mm, B1=53 °, H2=151mm, A2=45.694 °, L3=340.161mm, A1=14.979 °.
Step 2: the extraction of contour line
To accurately measure wheel rim parameter, it is necessary to choose that two for passing through wheel normal from numerous original contour curves
Contour curve.Wherein, when inside laser displacement sensor 10 measures wheel rim vertex and is in minimum point, i.e., it is believed that this contour line
Pass through the normal of wheel.And it is difficult to find that profile by normal in the contour line that outside laser displacement sensor 9 is surveyed
Line, but by theoretical validation, when laser displacement sensor 9 measuring wheel profile off-normals in outside are little, to wheel rim parameter
Measurement accuracy influences very little, therefore the 9 measuring wheel profiles of outside laser displacement sensor chosen is allowed to have relative to wheel normal
(as shown in figure 3, the bias, i.e., the distance, delta r that detection light beam deviates from the wheel center of circle is less than wheel diameter to certain offset
5%).The present embodiment is designed the installation parameter of two laser displacement sensors on this basis, each installation ginseng
Number meets tanA on the basis of meeting laser displacement sensor measurement range2=(R-H1)/L3, that is, can guarantee and work as inside laser
When displacement sensor 10 measures wheel normal, no matter wheel diameter and wheel rim height, 9 measuring wheels of outside laser displacement sensor
Within the scope of the deviation that wide curve allows near wheel normal.
Therefore, the extracting method of contour line obtained by two sensors are as follows: choose inside laser displacement sensor 10 and survey warp
That contour line of third wheel lot or luck by which people are brought together line, i.e., that contour curve when wheel rim is in minimum point in all contour lines and same
The corresponding contour curve measured of laser displacement sensor 9 on the outside of moment.
Step 3: the extraction of valid data
Invalid curve data in the contour curve of selection is filtered, to be extracted to valid data.
As shown in fig. 6, curve (b) surveys contour curve by outside laser displacement sensor 9, curve (a) is inside laser
The surveyed contour curve of displacement sensor 10, but can have some invalid datas in test process, for example, inside laser displacement senses
It can include the profile of part rail in the surveyed contour curve of device 10, can be seen that curve (c) is to belong to obvious invalid number in figure
According to being filtered removal to invalid data.
Step 4: the rotation of contour curve
Processed two contour curves are subjected to rotation processing according to following formula along clockwise direction:
X=(x1-x0)cosα-(y1-y0)sinα+x0
Y=(x1-x0)sinα+(y1-y0)cosα+y0
In formula: (X, Y) is the coordinate of curve after rotation, (x1, y1) be rotation before curve coordinate, (x0, y0) it is rotation
The coordinate for turning center, takes (0,0) point, and α is rotation angle, rotates arrangement of the angle according to 2D laser displacement sensor, Yi Jishi
Depending on the situation of border.
Wherein, from fig. 6, it can be seen that the surveyed contour curve of outside laser displacement sensor 9 needs rotate clockwise centainly
Angle, the size of the rotation angle [alpha] are (A1- 90) it spends.And inside laser displacement sensor 10 also needs to rotate clockwise certain angle
Degree, theoretically the angle should be (B1-90) degree, however due to two sides steel rail laying when is not fully horizontal, lead to same wheel pair
Two wheels be not on same level face, along with wheel and axle carry all weight of train, cause axle curved
Song deformation.Factors above will lead in wheel rim face not and horizontal plane, but inclination at an angle, therefore inside is swashed
The rotation angle of the surveyed contour curve of Optical displacement sensor 10 is no longer just (B1-90) degree, and practical rotation angle can be with different vehicles
Wheel and it is different.But interior rim face section is still straight line (in Fig. 6 in curve (a) in the surveyed contour curve of inside laser displacement sensor 10
Straightway), therefore the present embodiment first according to linear equation calculates rotation angle [alpha].
The straightway in rim face is relative to horizontal direction in wheel in the surveyed contour curve of inside laser displacement sensor 10
Tilt angle b (straightway in interior rim face is rotated to be to horizontal rotation angle) can be used following method and be calculated: take curve
(a) any two points (such as two endpoints (x1, y1) in the angled straight lines in angled straight lines corresponding with interior rim face section
(xn, yn)), its tilt angle can be calculated:
It repeatedly takes and is a little calculated, obtain a series of angle tangent value tanb1, tanb2, tanb3 ... ..., tanbk,
These tangent values are averaged again, are obtained:
Tan b=(tan b1+tan b2+tan b3+......+tan bk)/k
Therefore, rotation angle [alpha] when interior rim face section straight line being rotated to be vertical takes (b-90) to spend, then in rotation formula:
Curve in Fig. 6 after filtering invalid data is subjected to postrotational two curves according to above-mentioned rotation angle respectively
As shown in fig. 7, curve (a) surveys postrotational curve by inside laser displacement sensor 10, curve (b) is outside laser displacement
Sensor 9 surveys postrotational curve.
Step 5: curve matching and integration
Using the endpoint of the surveyed contour curve of inside laser displacement sensor 10 as characteristic point, two sensors are surveyed into rotation
Curve after turning is spliced, and the slope at the endpoint is relatively large, is influenced on the measurement of wheel rim parameter smaller.It is right again after splicing
The X-coordinate and Y-coordinate of two curves re-start integration, since the X-coordinate of each point on the interior rim face of actual measurement is equal when integrating
It is inconsistent, so taking the average value of interior rim face X-coordinate, then the average value is integrated into 0, the contour curve obtained after integration is as schemed
Shown in 8.
The method of above-mentioned curve matching specifically: first obtain song after the 10 measuring wheel profile rotations of inside laser displacement sensor
The maximum value a of line1And endpoint value a2, then obtain the maximum value of curve after the 9 measuring wheel profile rotations of outside laser displacement sensor
b1, and b is found in curve after 9 measuring wheel profile rotations of laser displacement sensor on the outside2=b1-(a1-a2) point, by being surveyed
Curve be interrupted point, if therefore in curve not just with b2It is corresponding, then find b2Coordinate (the X of left and right two o'clock1, Y1)
(X2, Y2) (Y-coordinate is just greater than b2Just less than b2Two o'clock coordinate), and with following formula calculate b2The X-coordinate at place:
With (Xb2, b2) point spliced and obtain spliced contour line.
Step 6: the calculating of wheel rim parameter
After obtaining contour curve, to measure base specified in " TB/T449-2003 locomotive car wheel flange tread shape "
Standard calculates high wheel rim, wheel rim thickness and three parameters of wheel rim integrated value.If the measurement point of some wheel rim parameter is used without measured value
Following formula approximate calculation:
Wherein, if it is known that the Y-coordinate of certain measurement point, when seeking the X-coordinate of the point, carries out approximate calculation with formula (1), wherein
Y1 and y2 is respectively to be greater than and be less than above-mentioned Y-coordinate, and the Y-coordinate value with immediate two points of the Y-coordinate, (x1, y1),
(x2, y2) is the coordinate of corresponding two o'clock.If it is known that the X-coordinate of certain measurement point, when seeking the Y-coordinate of the point, is carried out with formula (2)
Approximate calculation, wherein x1 and x2 is respectively greater than and is less than above-mentioned X-coordinate, and the X-coordinate with immediate two points of the X-coordinate
Value, (x1, y1), (x2, y2) are the coordinate of corresponding two o'clock.
In addition, by the surveyed contour curve of inside laser displacement sensor 10, angularly b rotates, rotation center be (0,
0) point obtains the contour curve of interior rim level, further obtain inside laser displacement sensor 10 to rim face in wheel distance
L1；Similarly, distance L2 of the inside laser displacement sensor 10 of available other side rail to rim face in wheel；If two laser
Mounting distance between displacement sensor is L, then distance between backs of wheel flanges is d=L+L1+L2.
Schematically the present invention and embodiments thereof are described above, description is not limiting, institute in attached drawing
What is shown is also one of embodiments of the present invention, and actual structure is not limited to this.So if the common skill of this field
Art personnel are enlightened by it, without departing from the spirit of the invention, are not inventively designed and the technical solution
Similar frame mode and embodiment, are within the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of rail vehicle wheel rim parameter on-line dynamic measurement device, it is characterised in that: including being installed on track (11)
The outside laser displacement sensor (9) in outside and the inside laser displacement sensor (10) being installed on the inside of track (11), wherein
Outside laser displacement sensor (9) is used to acquire the contour line at wheel rim vertex to wheel name rolling circle, senses head
The height of high errant (11) top surface is H1, the horizontal distance apart from rail top center is L1, detect light beam and perpendicular to track side
To angle be A1, it is A with the angle for being parallel to orbital direction2；The inside laser displacement sensor (10) is for acquiring wheel
Contour line on the outside of interior rim face to wheel rim, sensing head are H lower than the height of track (11) top surface2, water apart from rail top center
Flat distance is L2, it is B with the angle perpendicular to orbital direction1。
2. a kind of rail vehicle wheel rim parameter on-line dynamic measurement device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The outside laser displacement sensor (9) and inside laser displacement sensor (10) are two-dimensional laser displacement sensor, sense
It is L that edge, which is parallel to the distance in track (11) direction, between gauge head3；The installation site of two laser displacement sensors meets following formula:
tanA2=(R-H1)/L3
R is radius of wheel to be measured, and when sensing head height is when rail top, H1 is taken just, on the contrary then take negative value.
3. a kind of rail vehicle wheel rim parameter on-line dynamic measurement device according to claim 1 or 2, feature exist
In: two tracks (11) are symmetrically installed with the outside laser displacement sensor (9) and inside laser displacement sensor
(10), and outside laser displacement sensor (9) and inside laser displacement sensor (10) are carried out by sensor attachment mechanism
Installation, the sensor attachment mechanism include bottom plate (1), inside mounting plate (3) and outboard mounting plates (8), and insole board (1) is fixed
It is installed on track (11) bottom, inside mounting plate (3) and outboard mounting plates (8) are fixedly linked with bottom plate (1), and inside is installed
The setting angle of plate (3) and outboard mounting plates (8) respectively with inside laser displacement sensor (10), outside laser displacement sensor
(9) setting angle is corresponding.
4. a kind of rail vehicle wheel rim parameter on-line dynamic measurement device according to claim 3, it is characterised in that:
It is equipped with support plate (4) on the bottom plate (1), support plate (4) is fixedly linked with adjustable plate (7), outboard mounting plates (8) installation branch
It supports on adjustable plate (7), and the supporting surface of support plate (4) is processed as the setting angle phase with outside laser displacement sensor (9)
Corresponding two-dimensional inclined.
5. a kind of rail vehicle wheel rim parameter on-line dynamic measurement device according to claim 4, it is characterised in that:
Rotatably it is connected between the outboard mounting plates (8) and adjustable plate (7) by bearing, and is fixed by bolt.
6. a kind of rail vehicle wheel rim parameter on-line dynamic measurement device according to claim 5, it is characterised in that:
The adjustable plate (7) is equipped with regulating center bearing base (6), and corresponding be equipped with rotates with regulating center bearing base (6) on outboard mounting plates (8)
The self-aligning bearing of cooperation；Fixation hole (802) and fine tuning threaded hole (803) are machined on the outboard mounting plates (8), wherein fixing
The internal diameter in hole is greater than the diameter of fixing bolt in fixation hole.
7. a kind of rail vehicle wheel rim parameter on-line dynamic measurement method, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1: the acquisition of vehicle wheel profile
It when wheel passes through, controls two 2D laser displacement sensors while acquiring wheel tread profile, wherein inside laser displacement
Sensor (10) acquires the contour line in wheel on the outside of rim face to wheel rim, and outside laser displacement sensor (9) acquires wheel rim
Contour line at vertex to nominal rolling circle；
Step 2: the extraction of contour line
It chooses inside laser displacement sensor (10) and surveys that contour line for passing through wheel rim normal, i.e., wheel rim in all contour lines
The corresponding profile measured of laser displacement sensor (9) is bent on the outside of that contour curve and synchronization when in minimum point
Line；
Step 3: the extraction of valid data
Invalid curve data in the contour curve of selection is filtered, to be extracted to valid data；
Step 4: the rotation of contour curve
Processed two contour curves are subjected to rotation processing according to following formula along clockwise direction:
X=(x1-x0)cosα-(y1-y0)sinα+x0
Y=(x1-x0)sinα+(y1-y0)cosα+y0
In formula: (X, Y) is the coordinate of curve after rotation, (x1, y1) be rotation before curve coordinate, (x0, y0) it is in rotation
The coordinate of the heart, takes (0,0) point, and α is rotation angle；Wherein, the rotation angle [alpha] of outside laser displacement sensor (9) is (A1-90)
Degree, the rotation angle [alpha] of inside laser displacement sensor (10) take (b-90) to spend, and wherein b is inside laser displacement sensor (10)
The straightway in rim face tilt angle relative to horizontal direction in wheel in surveyed contour curve；
Step 5: curve matching and integration
Using the endpoint of inside laser displacement sensor (10) surveyed contour curve as characteristic point, two sensors are surveyed into rotation
Curve afterwards is spliced, and re-starts integration to the X-coordinate of two curves and Y-coordinate again after splicing, interior rim face X is taken when integrating
The average value of coordinate, then the average value is integrated into 0；
Step 6: the calculating of wheel rim parameter
Wheel rim parameter is calculated according to the contour curve after gained splicing integration.
8. a kind of rail vehicle wheel rim parameter on-line dynamic measurement method according to claim 7, which is characterized in that
In inside laser displacement sensor (10) surveyed contour curve in wheel rim face straightway inclination angle relative to horizontal direction
It is as follows to spend b calculating: rim face is an inclined straight line in wheel in inside laser displacement sensor (10) surveyed contour curve, takes this
Any two points in angled straight lines can calculate its tilt angle:
It repeatedly takes and is a little calculated, obtain a series of angle tangent value tanb1, tanb2, tanb3 ... ..., tanbk, then it is right
These tangent values are averaged, and are obtained:
Tan b=(tan b1+tan b2+tan b3+......+tan bk)/k
Then in rotation formula:
9. a kind of rail vehicle wheel rim parameter on-line dynamic measurement method according to claim 7 or 8, feature exist
In the method for curve matching in step 5 specifically: after first obtaining inside laser displacement sensor (10) institute's measuring wheel profile rotation
The maximum value a of curve1And endpoint value a2, then obtain outside laser displacement sensor (9) institute's measuring wheel profile rotation after curve most
Big value b1, and b is found in curve after the rotation of laser displacement sensor (9) institute's measuring wheel profile on the outside2=b1-(a1-a2) point, if
Without just corresponding point in curve, then b is found2Coordinate (the X of left and right two o'clock1, Y1) and (X2, Y2), and calculated with following formula
b2The X-coordinate at place:
With (Xb2, b2) point spliced and obtain spliced contour line.
10. a kind of rail vehicle wheel rim parameter on-line dynamic measurement method according to claim 9, feature exist
In: wheel rim height, wheel rim are calculated with measuring basis specified in locomotive car wheel flange tread shape standard in the step 6
Thick and three parameters of wheel rim integrated value, if the measurement point of some wheel rim parameter without measured value, using following formula approximation meter
It calculates:
Wherein, if it is known that the Y-coordinate of certain measurement point, when seeking the X-coordinate of the point, carries out approximate calculation with formula (1), if it is known that certain
The X-coordinate of measurement point when seeking the Y-coordinate of the point, carries out approximate calculation with formula (2)；
The calculation method of distance between backs of wheel flanges is as follows:
By inside laser displacement sensor (10) surveyed contour curve, angularly b rotates, and rotation center is (0,0) point, obtains
To the contour curve of interior rim level, further obtain inside laser displacement sensor (10) to rim face in wheel distance L1；Together
Reason, the distance L2 of the inside laser displacement sensor (10) of available other side rail to rim face in wheel；If two laser positions
Mounting distance between displacement sensor is L, then distance between backs of wheel flanges is d=L+L1+L2.
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