CN109334709A - It is a kind of for measuring the device and method of wheel rim parameter - Google Patents
It is a kind of for measuring the device and method of wheel rim parameter Download PDFInfo
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- CN109334709A CN109334709A CN201811499721.6A CN201811499721A CN109334709A CN 109334709 A CN109334709 A CN 109334709A CN 201811499721 A CN201811499721 A CN 201811499721A CN 109334709 A CN109334709 A CN 109334709A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61K—AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAILWAYS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B61K9/00—Railway vehicle profile gauges; Detecting or indicating overheating of components; Apparatus on locomotives or cars to indicate bad track sections; General design of track recording vehicles
- B61K9/12—Measuring or surveying wheel-rims
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of for measuring the device and method of wheel rim parameter, belongs to wheel rim parameter detecting technical field.Of the invention is a kind of for measuring the device of wheel rim parameter, including the first laser displacement sensor and second laser displacement sensor being installed on the inside of track, wherein first laser displacement sensor is installed on immediately below wheel rim, and sensing distance of the head apart from rail top plane is H1, the horizontal distance with rail surface center is L1, and it is A that it, which detects light beam and is parallel to the angle of orbital direction,1；Distance of the sensing head of the second laser displacement sensor apart from rail top plane is H2, the horizontal distance with rail surface center is L2, and it is B that it, which detects light beam with the angle perpendicular to orbital direction,1, it is B with the angle for being parallel to rail direction2.On-line measurement can be carried out to wheel rim parameter using technical solution of the present invention, and its measurement accuracy is relatively high.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to wheel rim parameter detecting technical fields, more specifically to one kind for measuring wheel rim ginseng
Several device and methods.
Background technique
With the fast development of China's rail traffic, the safety problem of train on-line operation is also increasingly significant.Wheel to be column
The part that vehicle is in contact with rail.Wheel to ensure that operation and steering of the locomotive on rail, bear the whole from train it is quiet,
Dynamic loading, and rail is passed it on, and give rail vehicle each components the load transmission generated by guideway irregularity.This
Outside, the driving and braking of rail vehicle are also by wheel to working.Therefore, the situation taken turns pair is directly related to the fortune of train
Row quality and safety, the real-time monitoring to its dimensional parameters are to ensure the important measures of train safety traffic.
It is usually to be measured using manual measurement and static measurement method to wheel rim parameter in traditional technology, detects
Precision is poor, and detection efficiency is low, to promote the research and development of dynamic on-line monitoring technology.Exist for wheelset profile
Line detection technique, the method for early stage are to measure using based on ccd image measuring technique, but the system structure of this method is arranged
Complex and vibrated, environment influences big.With the development of sensor technology, laser ranging has obtained more and more extensive
Using Many researchers start the dynamic on-line monitoring that laser displacement sensor is applied to wheel rim parameter.
Such as, application No. is 201610365458.6 application case disclose a kind of detector for train wheel pair size online test method and
Its system, this method obtain wheel rim vertex circular diameter and speed by laser-correlation optoelectronic switch, are positioned by eddy current sensor
Wheel rim minimum point and height to ground, the point above wheel detected according to interior outside 1D laser displacement sensor obtain
The wheel tread contour line, to obtain high wheel rim, wheel rim thickness and wheel footpath, but the detection accuracy of this application needs further to be mentioned
It is high.
Summary of the invention
1. technical problems to be solved by the inivention
It is an object of the invention to overcome that existing method is used to measure existing deficiency to wheel rim parameter, provide
It is a kind of for measuring the device and method of wheel rim parameter.It can be to wheel rim parameter using technical solution of the present invention
On-line measurement is carried out, and its measurement accuracy is relatively high.
2. technical solution
In order to achieve the above objectives, technical solution provided by the invention are as follows:
Of the invention is a kind of for measuring the device of wheel rim parameter, including the first laser position being installed on the inside of track
Displacement sensor and second laser displacement sensor, wherein first laser displacement sensor is installed on immediately below wheel rim, inclination
The contour curve of measurement wheel rim vertex to wheel rim throat upwards, sensing distance of the head apart from rail top plane is H1, with rail top
The horizontal distance at face center is L1, and it is A that it, which detects light beam and is parallel to the angle of orbital direction,1；The second laser displacement passes
Sensor is used to measure rim face to wheel rim vertex in wheel, and includes the part tyre tread profile including nominal rolling circle, sensing
Distance of the head apart from rail top plane is H2, the horizontal distance with rail surface center is L2, and it detects light beam and perpendicular to track
The angle in direction is B1, it is B with the angle for being parallel to rail direction2。
Further, the first laser displacement sensor and second laser displacement sensor are all made of two-dimensional laser position
Displacement sensor, and first laser displacement sensor and second laser displacement sensor are mounted on the inside of two siding tracks.
Further, the first laser displacement sensor and second laser displacement sensor are mounted on mounting bracket
On, which includes bottom plate, the first mounting plate and the second mounting plate, and insole board is fixedly installed in rail base, and first
Mounting plate and the second mounting plate are fixedly installed on bottom plate, and the setting angle of the first mounting plate and height and first laser position
The setting angle and height of displacement sensor are corresponding, the setting angle and height and second laser displacement sensor of the second mounting plate
Setting angle and height it is corresponding.
Further, the first support plate is fixedly installed on the bottom plate, the first mounting plate is fixed with the first support plate
It is connected, the lower part of first support plate is distributed along the vertical direction, there is inclination between upper part and the lower part of the first support plate
Angle, the tilt angle A of the angle and first laser displacement sensor detection light beam1It is identical.
Further, first mounting plate and the first support plate are rotatably connected by bearing, and by bolt into
Row fastening is connected, and fine tuning threaded hole is machined on the first mounting plate.
Further, it is fixed with the second support plate on the bottom plate, adjustable plate, the second peace are installed in the second support plate
Loading board support is installed on adjustable plate, the tilt angle of the second mounting plate and the tilt angle A of second laser displacement sensor2Phase
Matching.
A kind of method for measuring wheel rim parameter of the invention, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: contour line acquires
When wheel passes through, controls two laser displacement sensors while acquiring wheel tread profile, wherein first laser
Displacement sensor acquires the contour line of wheel rim vertex to wheel rim throat, and second laser displacement sensor acquires rim face in wheel
To wheel rim vertex, and include the part tyre tread contour line including nominal rolling circle；
Step 2: the extraction of contour line
It extracts in two surveyed contour curves of laser displacement sensor by wheel normal or the wheel closest to wheel normal
Wide curve；
Step 3: extracted valid data
The invalid data in two contour lines is filtered out, to obtain the contour line after extracted valid data；
Step 4: curve rotates
Second laser displacement sensor institute measuring wheel profile is rotated, rotation formula are as follows:
X=(x1-x0)cosα-(y1-y0)sinα+x0
Y=(x1-x0)sinα+(y1-y0)cosα+y0
In formula: (X, Y) is the coordinate of curve after rotation, (x1, y1) be rotation before curve coordinate, (x0, y0) it is rotation
Turn the coordinate at center, α is rotation angle, and α takes (b-90) to spend, and wherein b is surveyed in contour curve by second laser displacement sensor
The straightway in rim face tilt angle relative to horizontal direction in wheel.
Step 4: curve matching and integration
Using the endpoint of the surveyed contour curve of first laser displacement sensor as characteristic point, by first laser displacement sensor
Surveyed contour curve is surveyed with second laser displacement sensor to be spliced through postrotational contour curve, to spelling after the completion of splicing
Contour curve data after connecing carry out coordinate integration, the average value in interior rim face are taken when coordinate is integrated, and the average value is integrated into
0, then docked with the X-coordinate of splice point and Y coordinate, it is spliced into continuous coordinate curve；
Step 5: calculating wheel rim parameter
After obtaining contour curve, wheel rim is calculated with measuring basis specified in locomotive car wheel flange tread shape standard
High, wheel rim thickness and three parameters of wheel rim integrated value.
Further, when first laser displacement sensor measures wheel rim vertex in minimum Z axis measurement point, i.e. wheel rim
The measured value on vertex is ZA1When, no matter the diameter and wheel rim height of institute's measuring car wheel, the contour line and at this time second laser are displaced
Sensor institute measuring wheel profile passes through wheel normal or near wheel normal, therefore, the extracting method of contour line in step 2
Are as follows: the distance value for reading wheel rim vertex in first laser displacement sensor institute measuring wheel profile, when the distance value on wheel rim vertex is ZA1
Or closest to ZA1When, which is the contour line of extracted first laser displacement sensor, then extracts synchronization
Second laser displacement sensor institute measuring wheel profile, as required Article 2 contour line.
Further, in step 4 curve joining method are as follows: it is wide bent to obtain first laser displacement sensor institute measuring wheel
Maximum value a in line1And the Y coordinate a at contour curve endpoint2, it is wide then to obtain second laser displacement sensor institute measuring wheel
The maximum value b of curve1, then on the inside of the wheel rim of second laser displacement sensor institute measuring wheel profile find Y coordinate b2=b1-(a1-
a2) point Xb2；With (the X on second laser displacement sensor institute measuring wheel profileb2, b2) be characterized a little, it is displaced and passes with first laser
The endpoint of sensor institute measuring wheel profile mutually splices to get to from interior rim face to wheel rim throat, and comprising nominal flow circle including
Part tyre tread contour curve.
Further, if Y coordinate b is not present on second laser displacement sensor institute measuring wheel profile2=b1-(a1-a2)
Point, then the X-coordinate put needed for being calculated with following formula:
In formula, Xb2For the X-coordinate of required point, (X1, Y1), (X2, Y2) be required point or so two o'clock coordinate, b2It is required
The Y coordinate of point.
3. beneficial effect
Using technical solution provided by the invention, compared with prior art, have the following beneficial effects:
(1) of the invention a kind of for measuring the device of wheel rim parameter, swash including being installed on first on the inside of track
Optical displacement sensor and second laser displacement sensor pass through the installation site and angle progress to two laser displacement sensors
Design, and its detection data is handled, on-line dynamic measurement, and its are carried out so as to the wheel rim parameter to train wheel
Measurement accuracy is higher.
(2) of the invention a kind of for measuring the device of wheel rim parameter, pass through the installation to laser displacement sensor
Bracket carries out structure optimization, thus both convenient for being installed to laser displacement sensor, while being also convenient for the tune of its setting angle
Section, advantageously ensures that the accurate installation of laser displacement sensor.
(3) a kind of method for measuring wheel rim parameter of the invention, first passes through two be installed on the inside of track
Laser displacement sensor detects the contour line of wheel, extracts and passes through in two surveyed contour curves of laser displacement sensor
Then wheel normal or contour curve closest to wheel normal carry out the extraction, curve rotation and splicing, integration of valid data
Processing, so that the contour curve of wheel to be measured is obtained, it can be straight according to the regulation of locomotive car wheel flange tread shape standard
It connects and high wheel rim, wheel rim thickness and three parameters of wheel rim integrated value is calculated.
(4) a kind of method for measuring wheel rim parameter of the invention, with first laser displacement sensor institute measuring wheel
The endpoint of wide curve is as characteristic point, by the surveyed contour curve of first laser displacement sensor and second laser displacement sensor institute
Survey is spliced through postrotational contour curve, so as to effectively improve detection accuracy, prevents external interference to measurement result
Influence.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is 2D laser displacement sensor measurement range schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is the laser scanning range schematic diagram of two laser displacement sensors of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the arrangement schematic diagram of first laser displacement sensor；
Fig. 4 is the arrangement schematic diagram of second laser displacement sensor；
Fig. 5 is the arrangement schematic diagram of two laser displacement sensors；
Fig. 6 is the structural schematic diagram of mounting bracket of the invention；
Fig. 7 is the contour curve after extracted valid data；
Fig. 8 is postrotational contour curve；
Fig. 9 is spliced contour curve.
Label declaration in schematic diagram:
1, bottom plate；101, reinforcing rib；2, the second support plate；3, adjustable plate；4, the second mounting plate；5, second bearing seat；6,
First support plate；7, the first mounting plate；701, fixation hole；702, threaded hole is finely tuned；8, first bearing seat；9, track；10, first
Laser displacement sensor；11, second laser displacement sensor.
Specific embodiment
To further appreciate that the contents of the present invention, now in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment 1
In conjunction with Fig. 2-Fig. 5, the present embodiment it is a kind of for measuring the device of wheel rim parameter, including be installed on track 9
The first laser displacement sensor 10 and second laser displacement sensor 11 of inside, wherein first laser displacement sensor 10 is installed
Immediately below wheel rim, tilting upward measurement wheel rim vertex to wheel rim throat, (laser of first laser displacement sensor 10 is swept
Retouching range need to and wheel rim integrated value thick comprising wheel rim measurement basic point) contour curve, sense distance of the head apart from rail top plane
For H1, the horizontal distance with rail surface center is L1, and it is A that it, which detects light beam and is parallel to the angle in 9 direction of track,1；It is described
Second laser displacement sensor 11 is used to measure rim face to wheel rim vertex in wheel, and includes the part including nominal rolling circle
Tyre tread profile, sensing distance of the head apart from rail top plane is H2, the horizontal distance with rail surface center is L2, and it is detected
Light beam is B with the angle perpendicular to orbital direction1, it is B with the angle for being parallel to rail direction2。
Above-mentioned first laser displacement sensor 10 and second laser displacement sensor 11 are all made of two-dimensional laser displacement sensing
Device along the distance for being parallel to rail direction is L between detector3, and first laser displacement is mounted on the inside of two siding tracks
Sensor 10 and second laser displacement sensor 11 measure so as to the wheel rim parameter to two sides wheel.
2D laser displacement sensor is referred to as X-axis and Z axis, X-axis can be regarded as surveying there are two the measurement range in direction
The width range of amount, Z axis can be regarded as the length range of measurement, as shown in Figure 1 be the measurement model of 2D laser displacement sensor
Schematic diagram is enclosed, the measurement range of X-axis is X1-X2, the measurement range of Z axis is Z1-Z2, i.e., diagram in trapezoid area, only by
Measurement object, which is fallen in trapezoid area, is just capable of measuring contour line.The measurement range of first laser displacement sensor 10 in the present embodiment
Less than second laser displacement sensor 11.
Wherein, the model and installation site and angle of two laser displacement sensors are to meet measurement range requirement, i.e., full
Sufficient first laser displacement sensor 10 tilts upward the contour curve of measurement wheel rim vertex to wheel rim throat, and second laser displacement passes
Sensor 11 is used to measure rim face to wheel rim vertex in wheel, and wants comprising the part tyre tread profile including nominal rolling circle
It asks.Meanwhile for the ease of the extraction of contour curve, Sin A in the present embodiment1=(R-H1)/(ZA1+ R+Sh), tan B2=(R-
H2)/((ZA1+R+Sh)cos A1+L3)。
In above formula, if the sensing head height of first laser displacement sensor 10 is in rail top, H1 is taken just, otherwise is taken negative；If the
The sensing head height of dual-laser displacement sensor 11 is in rail top, then H2 takes just, otherwise takes negative.ZA1For first laser displacement sensor 10
The Z axis minimum value of measurement range, R are the median that radius and abrasion are newly taken turns in specification wheel to be measured to limit radius of wheel, it may be assumed that R
=(RNew wheel+RIt is taken turns to limit)/2, Sh is the median in wheel permission wheel rim high scope, i.e. Sh=(ShUpper limit value+ShLower limit value)/2, ShUpper limit valueFor
The high upper limit value of wheel rim of a certain specification wheel, ShLower limit valueFor the high lower limit value of wheel rim of the specification wheel.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment it is a kind of for measuring the device of wheel rim parameter, structure is substantially with embodiment 1, further
, the first laser displacement sensor 10 and second laser displacement sensor 11 are mounted in mounting bracket, such as Fig. 6 institute
Show, which includes bottom plate 1, the first mounting plate 7 and the second mounting plate 4, and insole board 1 is fixedly installed in 9 bottom of track,
First mounting plate 7 and the second mounting plate 4 are fixedly installed on bottom plate 1, and the setting angle of the first mounting plate 7 and height and the
The setting angle and height of one laser displacement sensor 10 are corresponding, and the setting angle and height of the second mounting plate 4 swash with second
The setting angle and height of Optical displacement sensor 11 are corresponding.
Specifically, being fixedly installed with the first support plate 6 on the bottom plate 1, the first mounting plate 7 and the first support plate 6 are fixed
It is connected, the lower part of first support plate 6 is distributed along the vertical direction, is existed between upper part and the lower part of the first support plate 6 and is inclined
Oblique angle, the angle and first laser displacement sensor 10 detect the tilt angle A of light beam1It is identical.
The first mounting plate 7 is rotatably connected with the first support plate 6 by bearing in the present embodiment, and is carried out tightly by bolt
Solid phase connects, and fine tuning threaded hole 702 is machined on the first mounting plate 7.Specifically, being equipped with first bearing in the first support plate 6
Seat 8 is equipped with the self-aligning bearing to match with first bearing seat 8, and the end insertion of first bearing seat 8 on first mounting plate 7
Into self-aligning bearing, it is adjusted so as to the setting angle to the first mounting plate 7.When the first mounting plate 7 is relative to first
When support plate 6 turns to suitable position, trimming bolt is screwed into fine tuning threaded hole 702, when trimming bolt end is pushed up to first
Continue to tighten trimming bolt when fagging 6, so as to drive the first mounting plate 7 to continue to rotate to the first mounting plate 7 and first
The relative position of fagging 6 and angle are finely adjusted, and (are screwed into fixation hole 701, fixation hole by four fastening bolts after regulating
701 size is greater than the size of fastening bolt) the first mounting base 7 and the first support plate 6 are fastenedly connected.First mounting base
It is upper that there are three threaded holes for installing first laser displacement sensor 10.
It is further fixed on the second support plate 2 on the bottom plate 1, adjustable plate 3, the second mounting plate 4 are installed in second support plate 2
Support is installed on adjustable plate 3, the tilt angle of the second mounting plate 4 and the tilt angle A of second laser displacement sensor 112Phase
Matching.Wherein, rotatably it is connected between the second mounting plate 4 and adjustable plate 3 by second bearing seat 5, and the second mounting plate 4 and tune
It saves between mounting structure and same first mounting base 7 of setting angle adjusting method and the first support plate 6 between plate 3.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment it is a kind of for measuring the device of wheel rim parameter, structure is substantially the same as embodiment 2, difference master
It is: is equipped with reinforcing rib between the first support plate 6 and bottom plate and between the second support plate 2 and adjustable plate in the present embodiment
101, to be conducive to improve the structural stability of entire mounting bracket.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment it is a kind of for measuring the device of wheel rim parameter, structure is with embodiment 3, using the present embodiment
Device train wheel wheel rim parameter is measured, specifically includes the following steps:
Step 1: contour line acquires
When wheel passes through, controls two laser displacement sensors while acquiring wheel tread profile, wherein first laser
Displacement sensor 10 acquires the contour line of wheel rim vertex to wheel rim throat, and second laser displacement sensor 11 acquires in wheel
Rim face to wheel rim vertex, and include the part tyre tread contour line including nominal rolling circle.When acquiring contour curve, two laser
All profiles when displacement sensor is passed through with certain frequency (frequency can be identical, can not also be identical) continuous acquisition wheel
Curve, what is collected is exactly the original contour curve data of the wheel.Wheel diameter specification to be measured is D=in the present embodiment
770-840mm, Sh=29mm, the minimum value Z of first laser displacement sensor 10Z axis measurement range usedA1=57mm, H1=-
45mm, H2=-1mm, L1=52.5mm, L2=200mm, L3=142.69mm, B1=30 °, B2=50 °, A1=67 °.
Step 2: the extraction of contour line
It extracts in two surveyed contour curves of laser displacement sensor by wheel normal or the wheel closest to wheel normal
Wide curve.
To accurately measure wheel rim parameter, it is necessary to choose that two for passing through wheel normal from numerous original contour curves
Contour curve.Through theoretical validation, when institute's measuring wheel profile off-normal is few, (as shown in figure 5, the bias, i.e. detection light beam is inclined
It is less than the 5% of radius of wheel from the distance, delta r in the wheel center of circle) when, the influence to wheel rim parameter is smaller, can neglect
Slightly disregard.Therefore the present embodiment is optimized by installation site to two laser displacement sensors and angle, thus
It can guarantee to measure wheel rim vertex in minimum Z axis measurement point, the i.e. survey on wheel rim vertex when first laser displacement sensor 10
Magnitude is ZA1When, no matter the diameter and wheel rim height of institute's measuring car wheel, the contour line and at this time second laser displacement sensor 11
Institute's measuring wheel profile passes through wheel normal or near wheel normal.Therefore, the extracting method of contour line herein are as follows: read first
The distance value on wheel rim vertex in 10 measuring wheel profiles of laser displacement sensor, when the distance value on wheel rim vertex is ZA1Or it is closest
ZA1When, which is the contour line of extracted first laser displacement sensor 10, then extracts synchronization second and swashs
11 measuring wheel profiles of Optical displacement sensor, as required Article 2 contour line.
Step 3: extracted valid data
The invalid data in two contour lines is filtered out, to obtain the contour line after extracted valid data.
In the data of 2D laser displacement sensor institute measuring wheel profile, only there is contour line that can just measure in measurement range
Data are imitated, if what is measured is invalid data without contour line in measurement range.In addition, can make when there is other factors interference
Occurs accidental data in the outline data measured, accidental data is also invalid data.Therefore, it is necessary to two selected contour lines
In valid data extract.Two criterion of extracted valid data are: first is that the data in measurement range are extracted, such as the
The Z axis measurement range of one 2D laser displacement sensor is ZA1-ZA2, data not in this range are invalid data；Second is that root
Accidental data is excluded according to the characteristics of curve, such as when curve is on a declining curve, occurs the data increased suddenly, which is prominent
Parameter evidence needs to exclude.Contour curve after extracted valid data is as shown in fig. 7, wherein curve (a) is first laser displacement sensing
10 measuring wheel profiles of device, curve (b) are 11 measuring wheel profiles of second laser displacement sensor.
Step 4: curve rotates
After extracting valid data, each coordinate (x, y) of composition contour line, first laser displacement sensing can be obtained
10 measuring wheel profiles of device do not need to rotate, and 11 measuring wheel profiles of second laser displacement sensor are rotated counterclockwise, rotation
Formula are as follows:
X=(x1-x0)cosα-(y1-y0)sinα+x0
Y=(x1-x0)sinα+(y1-y0)cosα+y0
In formula: (X, Y) is the coordinate of curve after rotation, (x1, y1) be rotation before curve coordinate, (x0, y0) it is rotation
Turn the coordinate at center, α is rotation angle.The contour curve of latter two laser of rotation is as shown in Figure 8.Wherein, curve (a) is the
The one measuring wheel profile of laser displacement sensor 10, curve (b) are 11 measuring wheel profiles of second laser displacement sensor.
As seen from Figure 7, for theoretically, 11 measuring wheel profiles of second laser displacement sensor should rotate B1 counterclockwise
Angle, but there are snakelike during being advanced due to wheel, it is snakelike will lead to rim face and orbital direction in wheel exist it is certain
Snakelike drift angle, to influence testing result.Therefore, it is not rotated according still further to B1 angle in the present embodiment, it is practical to rotate angle
It can be different with different wheel.But interior rim face section is still straight line (in Fig. 7 in the surveyed contour curve of second laser displacement sensor 11
Straightway in curve (b)), therefore the present embodiment first calculates rotation angle [alpha] according to linear equation.
The straightway in rim face is relative to horizontal direction in wheel in the surveyed contour curve of second laser displacement sensor 11
Tilt angle b (straightway in interior rim face is rotated to be to horizontal rotation angle) can be used following method and be calculated: take curve
(b) any two points (such as two endpoints (x1, y1) in the angled straight lines in angled straight lines corresponding with interior rim face section
(xn, yn)), its tilt angle can be calculated:
It repeatedly takes and is a little calculated, obtain a series of angle tangent value tanb1, tanb2, tanb3 ... ..., tanbk,
These tangent values are averaged again, are obtained:
Tan b=(tan b1+tan b2+tan b3+......+tan bk)/k
Therefore, rotation angle [alpha] when interior rim face section straight line being rotated to be vertical takes (90-b) to spend, then in rotation formula:
Step 4: curve matching and integration
Using the endpoint of the surveyed contour curve of first laser displacement sensor 10 as characteristic point, by first laser displacement sensing
The surveyed contour curve of device 10 is surveyed with second laser displacement sensor 11 to be spliced through postrotational contour curve, and splicing is completed
Coordinate integration is carried out to spliced contour curve data afterwards, the average value in interior rim face is taken when coordinate is integrated, and the average value
It is integrated into 0, then is docked with the X-coordinate of splice point and Y coordinate, is spliced into continuous coordinate curve, spliced contour curve is such as
Shown in Fig. 9.
From postrotational contour curve as can be seen that wheel rim apex Y value variation it is smaller, i.e., slope of a curve compared with
It is small, so, if point is spliced characterized by wheel rim vertex, it is difficult to find the X-coordinate on wheel rim vertex accurately, eventually results in measurement
Profile thickness (Sd) differs greatly with actual value.And the Y coordinate near wheel rim vertex differs very little, therefore, the present embodiment is with
The endpoint of the surveyed contour curve of one laser displacement sensor 10 is spliced as characteristic point, and the slope phase at the endpoint
To larger, the measurement of wheel rim parameter is influenced smaller.
The joining method of curve in the present embodiment specifically: obtain in the surveyed contour curve of first laser displacement sensor 10
Maximum value (i.e. the Y coordinate on wheel rim vertex) a1And the Y coordinate a at contour curve endpoint2, then obtain second laser displacement
The maximum value b of the surveyed contour curve of sensor 111, then look on the inside of the wheel rim of 11 measuring wheel profiles of second laser displacement sensor
To Y coordinate b2=b1-(a1-a2) point Xb2；With (the X on 11 measuring wheel profiles of second laser displacement sensorb2, b2) be characterized
Point mutually splices with the endpoint of 10 measuring wheel profiles of first laser displacement sensor to get arriving from interior rim face to wheel rim throat, and
Include the part tyre tread contour curve including nominal flow circle.
If Y coordinate b is not present on 11 measuring wheel profiles of second laser displacement sensor2=b1-(a1-a2) point, then to
The X-coordinate that lower formula is put needed for calculating:
In formula, Xb2For the X-coordinate of required point, (X1, Y1), (X2, Y2) be required point or so two o'clock coordinate, b2It is required
The Y coordinate of point.
Step 5: calculating wheel rim parameter
After obtaining contour curve, to measure base specified in " TB/T449-2003 locomotive car wheel flange tread shape "
Standard calculates high wheel rim, wheel rim thickness and three parameters of wheel rim integrated value.If the measurement point of some wheel rim parameter is used without measured value
Following formula approximate calculation:
Wherein, if it is known that the Y coordinate of certain measurement point, when seeking the X-coordinate of the point, carries out approximate calculation with formula (1), wherein
Y1 and y2 is respectively to be greater than and be less than above-mentioned Y coordinate, and the Y-coordinate value with immediate two points of the Y coordinate, (x1, y1),
(x2, y2) is the coordinate of corresponding two o'clock.If it is known that the X-coordinate of certain measurement point, when seeking the Y coordinate of the point, is carried out with formula (2)
Approximate calculation, wherein x1 and x2 is respectively greater than and is less than above-mentioned X-coordinate, and the X-coordinate with immediate two points of the X-coordinate
Value, (x1, y1), (x2, y2) are the coordinate of corresponding two o'clock.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of for measuring the device of wheel rim parameter, it is characterised in that: swash including being installed on first on the inside of track (9)
Optical displacement sensor (10) and second laser displacement sensor (11), wherein first laser displacement sensor (10) is installed on wheel
Immediately below wheel rim, tilt upward the contour curve of measurement wheel rim vertex to wheel rim throat, sensing head apart from rail top plane away from
From for H1, the horizontal distance with rail surface center is L1, and it is A that it, which detects light beam and is parallel to the angle in track (9) direction,1；
The second laser displacement sensor (11) for measuring rim face to wheel rim vertex in wheel, and comprising nominal rolling circle including
Part tyre tread profile, sensing distance of the head apart from rail top plane is H2, the horizontal distance with rail surface center is L2, and
It is B that it, which detects light beam with the angle perpendicular to orbital direction,1, it is B with the angle for being parallel to rail direction2。
2. according to claim 1 a kind of for measuring the device of wheel rim parameter, it is characterised in that: described first swashs
Optical displacement sensor (10) and second laser displacement sensor (11) are all made of two-dimensional laser displacement sensor, and in two siding tracks
Side is mounted on first laser displacement sensor (10) and second laser displacement sensor (11).
3. according to claim 1 or 2 a kind of for measuring the device of wheel rim parameter, it is characterised in that: described
One laser displacement sensor (10) and second laser displacement sensor (11) are mounted in mounting bracket, which includes
Bottom plate (1), the first mounting plate (7) and the second mounting plate (4), insole board (1) are fixedly installed in track (9) bottom, the first peace
Loading board (7) and the second mounting plate (4) are fixedly installed on bottom plate (1), and the setting angle of the first mounting plate (7) and height with
The setting angle and height of first laser displacement sensor (10) are corresponding, the setting angle of the second mounting plate (4) and height with
The setting angle and height of second laser displacement sensor (11) are corresponding.
4. according to claim 3 a kind of for measuring the device of wheel rim parameter, it is characterised in that: the bottom plate
(1) it being fixedly installed on the first support plate (6), the first mounting plate (7) is fixedly linked with the first support plate (6), and described first
The lower part of fagging (6) is distributed along the vertical direction, and there are slanted angle, the folders between upper part and the lower part of the first support plate (6)
The tilt angle A at angle and first laser displacement sensor (10) detection light beam1It is identical.
5. according to claim 4 a kind of for measuring the device of wheel rim parameter, it is characterised in that: first peace
Loading board (7) is rotatably connected with the first support plate (6) by bearing, and is carried out fastening by bolt and be connected, and the first mounting plate
(7) fine tuning threaded hole (702) is machined on.
6. according to claim 3 a kind of for measuring the device of wheel rim parameter, it is characterised in that: the bottom plate
(1) it is fixed with the second support plate (2), is equipped in the second support plate (2) adjustable plate (3) on, the second mounting plate (4) support installation
In on adjustable plate (3), the tilt angle of the second mounting plate (4) and the tilt angle A of second laser displacement sensor (11)2Phase
Match.
7. a kind of method for measuring wheel rim parameter, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1: contour line acquires
It when wheel passes through, controls two laser displacement sensors while acquiring wheel tread profile, wherein first laser is displaced
Sensor (10) acquires the contour line of wheel rim vertex to wheel rim throat, and second laser displacement sensor (11) acquires in wheel
Rim face to wheel rim vertex, and include the part tyre tread contour line including nominal rolling circle；
Step 2: the extraction of contour line
It extracts and passes through wheel normal or bent closest to the profile of wheel normal in two surveyed contour curves of laser displacement sensor
Line；
Step 3: extracted valid data
The invalid data in two contour lines is filtered out, to obtain the contour line after extracted valid data；
Step 4: curve rotates
Second laser displacement sensor (11) institute measuring wheel profile is rotated counterclockwise, rotation formula are as follows:
X=(x1-x0)cosα-(y1-y0)sinα+x0
Y=(x1-x0)sinα+(y1-y0)cosα+y0
In formula: (X, Y) is the coordinate of curve after rotation, (x1, y1) be rotation before curve coordinate, (x0, y0) it is in rotation
The coordinate of the heart takes (0,0) coordinate, and α is rotation angle, and α takes (b-90) to spend, and wherein b is second laser displacement sensor (11) institute
Survey the straightway tilt angle relative to horizontal direction in rim face in wheel in contour curve；
Step 4: curve matching and integration
Using the endpoint of first laser displacement sensor (10) surveyed contour curve as characteristic point, by first laser displacement sensor
(10) surveyed contour curve is surveyed with second laser displacement sensor (11) and is spliced through postrotational contour curve, has spliced
Coordinate integration is carried out to spliced contour curve data at rear, the average value in interior rim face is taken when coordinate is integrated, and this is averaged
Value is integrated into 0, then is docked with the X-coordinate of splice point and Y coordinate, is spliced into continuous coordinate curve；
Step 5: calculating wheel rim parameter
After obtaining contour curve, high with the calculating wheel rim of measuring basis specified in locomotive car wheel flange tread shape standard,
Three parameters of wheel rim thickness and wheel rim integrated value.
8. a kind of method for measuring wheel rim parameter according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: work as first laser
Displacement sensor (10) measures wheel rim vertex in minimum Z axis measurement point, i.e. the measured value on wheel rim vertex is ZA1When, no matter institute
How are the diameter and wheel rim height of measuring car wheel, the contour line and second laser displacement sensor (11) institute measuring wheel profile passes through at this time
Wheel normal or near wheel normal, therefore, the extracting method of contour line in step 2 are as follows: read first laser displacement sensing
The distance value on wheel rim vertex in device (10) institute measuring wheel profile, when the distance value on wheel rim vertex is ZA1Or closest to ZA1When, the profile
Line is the contour line of extracted first laser displacement sensor (10), then extracts synchronization second laser displacement sensing
Device (11) institute measuring wheel profile, as required Article 2 contour line.
9. a kind of method for measuring wheel rim parameter according to claim 7 or 8, which is characterized in that step 4
The joining method of middle curve are as follows: obtain the maximum value a in first laser displacement sensor (10) surveyed contour curve1, and wheel
Y coordinate a at wide endpoint curve2, then obtain the maximum value b of second laser displacement sensor (11) surveyed contour curve1, then
Y coordinate b is found on the inside of the wheel rim of second laser displacement sensor (11) institute measuring wheel profile2=b1-(a1-a2) point Xb2；With
(X on dual-laser displacement sensor (11) institute measuring wheel profileb2, b2) be characterized a little, with first laser displacement sensor (10) institute
The endpoint of measuring wheel profile mutually splices to be stepped on to get to from interior rim face to wheel rim throat, and comprising the part including nominal flow circle
Facial contour curve.
10. a kind of method for measuring wheel rim parameter according to claim 9, it is characterised in that: if second swashs
Y coordinate b is not present on Optical displacement sensor (11) institute measuring wheel profile2=b1-(a1-a2) point, then needed for being calculated with following formula
The X-coordinate of point:
In formula, Xb2For the X-coordinate of required point, (X1, Y1), (X2, Y2) be required point or so two o'clock coordinate, b2For the Y of required point
Coordinate.
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