CN109381969B - 具有外部热交换回路的吸收塔 - Google Patents

具有外部热交换回路的吸收塔 Download PDF

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CN109381969B
CN109381969B CN201810893258.7A CN201810893258A CN109381969B CN 109381969 B CN109381969 B CN 109381969B CN 201810893258 A CN201810893258 A CN 201810893258A CN 109381969 B CN109381969 B CN 109381969B
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heat exchanger
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阿尔弗雷德·古布林斯基
索菲亚·施密特
莎伦·科尔贝特
多利特·拉波尔德
克里斯汀·弗雷
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Abstract

本发明涉及具有外部热交换回路的吸收塔。该吸收塔包括至少一个外部热交换回路用于冷却或加热吸收液，该外部热交换回路包括一个或多个连续地连接的热交换器，其中，在流动方向上，用于从该吸收塔抽取吸收液的管道的接合点布置在进入第一热交换器的管道的接合点上方，其特征在于，在该管道的路线中安装倾卸床。

Description

具有外部热交换回路的吸收塔
技术领域
本发明涉及吸收塔，该吸收塔包括至少一个外部热交换回路用于冷却或加热吸收液，该回路包括一个或多个连续地连接的热交换器，其中在流动方向上，用于从该塔抽取吸收液的管道的接合点布置在进入该回路的第一热交换器的管道的接合点上方。
本发明进一步提供了根据本发明的吸收塔用于运行设备的用途，该设备用于进行用于从合成气体中去除伴生气体的吸收工艺。
背景技术
此类吸收塔用于例如根据Rectisol工艺运行的设备中以及还有Purisol工艺以及Selexol工艺的设备中。
该Purisol工艺和该Selexol工艺在Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of IndustrialChemistry[乌尔曼工业化学百科全书]，第6版，第15卷，第404-407页中大体上进行了描述。该Purisol工艺使用有机吸收介质N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)，并且在环境温度或略低于环境温度的温度下运行。该Selexol工艺使用聚乙二醇二甲醚作为吸收介质。
该Rectisol工艺在乌尔曼工业化学百科全书，第六版，第15卷，第399页及以下中大体上进行了描述。例如，类似于该Purisol工艺，该工艺被用于纯化掉粗合成气体的伴生气体，所述粗合成气体包含一氧化碳(CO)和氢气(H2)，并且由例如重油、石油焦、废产物的部分氧化或由煤/油残余物气化产生。该Rectisol工艺使用低温甲醇作为吸收介质并且利用甲醇的特性(即其对于伴生物的吸收率随着温度降低而急剧地增加，同时其对于CO和H2的吸收率几乎保持不变)。不希望的伴生物主要是伴生气体硫化羰(COS)、硫化氢(H2S)和二氧化碳(CO2)。
这些吸收工艺在许多情况下使用塔进行，在这些塔中，使在其中上升的有待纯化的气体与下降的吸收液逆流接触。该吸收液被在该吸收过程中释放的热量加热，因此降低其吸收率。
还存在应用，在这些应用中，降低吸收率是希望的并且因此使吸收液经受加热。例如当先前吸收的气体要通过汽提从吸收液中去除时就是这种情况。
为了冷却或加热，因此将该吸收液在合适的点从该塔中排出，通过热交换器并且再引入该塔中。仅利用抽取点与返回进塔的点之间的高度差进行液体的输送，因为机械能的任何输入，例如通过泵送，将导致升高的气泡形成并且因此导致先前吸收的气体的部分脱气。
为了获得吸收液与冷却器的热交换表面之间的最好的可能接触，吸收液自下而上流过该冷却器。然而，这具有以下结果：进入该冷却器的进料导管必须通过最低的弯曲点(也经常称为存液弯(trap))。在倾斜安装的并且在流动方向上位于该存液弯的上游的导管部分，特别是当吸收设备在部分负载下运行时，严重的流动湍流可能导致吸收液中的升高的脱气诱导的气泡形成并且，特别是当降液管导管不是完全填充时，沿倾斜部分下降的液体可能夹带气体。虽然较大的气泡与液体的流动方向相反地在导管中上升并且到达该塔，但是较小的气泡被通过该存液弯的流夹带，到达热交换器并且损害其中的热传递。
该问题迄今通过控制倾斜安装的进料导管的部分的填充水平来抵消，其中阀位于冷却器与塔之间的返回管线中。这旨在确保管道的倾斜部分总是满的，因此最小化湍流。然而，这种解决方案的缺点包括高资本成本和维修成本。
本发明因此目的是必须提供一种有成本效益的、技术简单和可靠的解决方案。
发明内容
通过以下所述的本发明的吸收塔实现该目的。
根据本发明的吸收塔：
吸收塔，该吸收塔包括至少一个外部热交换回路用于冷却或加热吸收液，该外部热交换回路包括一个或多个连续地连接的热交换器，其中，在流动方向上，用于从该吸收塔抽取吸收液的管道的接合点布置在进入第一热交换器的管道的接合点上方，其特征在于，在该管道的路线中安装倾卸床(dumped bed)。
该倾卸床防止吸收液在部分负载运行中沿着该进料导管的倾斜部分瀑布状落下到冷却器中，这种落下将导致严重的气泡形成和气体夹带。该倾卸床减慢流速并且因此降低机械能输入到吸收液中，因此降低气泡形成。然而形成的任何气泡被捕捉在填充体的表面并且在那里合并成更大的气泡，这些更大的气泡与液体流动相反地在回路导管中上升并且到达塔。这些作用减少了夹带到热交换器中的气泡的量。这抵消了热交换器中热交换的损害。
该吸收塔的优选的实施例的特征在于该倾卸床由填充体组成。这应该被理解为是指主要地随机填充体如用于在塔中传质。这些填充体在许多设计中可获得，使得从大的选择中，可以找到适合的形状、适合的材料和适合的尺寸。
该吸收塔的另一个优选的实施例的特征在于用于将吸收液进料到至少一个热交换器的管道与其底侧接合并且用于从该至少一个热交换器排放该吸收液的管道与其顶侧接合。以此方式，吸收液自下而上流过该一个或多个热交换器，其结果是较少的气泡存在于该液体中并且该液体与热交换器表面之间的接触被气泡破坏至较小的程度。
该吸收塔的另一个优选的实施例的特征在于用于吸收液从该吸收塔的抽取点和返回点以及该倾卸床和该至少一个热交换器被安排在这样的相对高度处，即，使得该吸收液流过热交换器回路是仅通过重力驱动而实现的。由于避免了泵，较少的机械能被转移到该液体，否则该机械能将有利于气泡形成。
该吸收塔的另一个优选的实施例的特征在于这些热交换器各自连接到冷却剂回路，或作为节约装置连接到工艺内部的吸收介质流；或者这些热交换器各自连接到冷水回路；或者这些热交换器各自连接到冷却水回路。因此，在特定的个别情况下，有成本效益的传热介质或多种传热介质的组合可以通过串联连接多个热交换器来使用。节约装置是使两个工艺流(在该情况下，两个吸收介质流)进行热交换的热交换器。
本发明进一步提供了根据本发明的吸收塔在气体纯化设备中用于去除酸性气体组分的用途；优选地，所述气体纯化设备是用于运行Rectisol、Purisol或Selexol工艺的设备。
本发明还提供了根据本发明的吸收塔用于运行气体纯化工艺的用途，所述气体纯化工艺使用甲醇与N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N-甲基吡咯烷酮与含胺的吸收介质、或甲醇与含胺的吸收介质的混合物作为吸收介质；优选地，所述含胺的吸收介质是二乙醇胺、二异丙胺或二乙胺。
附图说明
本发明的另外的特征、优势和可能的应用从以下示例性实施例和附图的描述中是显而易见的。所有的描述的和/或描绘的特征本身或以任何希望的组合形成本发明的主题。
本文中的唯一的附图、即图1通过举例的方式示出根据本发明的吸收塔，该吸收塔具有外部热交换回路。
具体实施方式
根据本发明的具有外部热交换回路的吸收塔的构造将参考该附图通过举例的方式阐明。
外部热交换器回路1包括倾卸床2，热交换器3和4以及回路导管5。该附图进一步示出了吸收塔6。在该塔6中，合成气体7被液体吸收介质8洗涤。如此处理过的合成气体9以及负载的吸收介质10从塔6排出用于对应的进一步处理(未示出)。一旦负载在塔6的上部部分并且通过如此释放的吸收热加热之后，吸收介质8从塔6排出并且通过回路导管5进入倾卸床(dumped bed)2。倾卸床2可以例如由倾卸量的鲍尔环(Pall ring)、拉西环(Raschigring)或惰性体组成。其目的是抑制下行流中的湍流以抑制气泡的形成以及抑制气体的夹带至最大可能的程度。否则夹带的气体/气泡将被流携带进入热交换器3和4中并且在其中损害吸收液与热交换表面之间的接触。
吸收液同样地自下而上流过热交换器3和4以避免湍流至最大可能的程度。热交换器3在该实例中用作节约装置(economizer)并且针对工艺内部的另一个吸收介质流11的热量交换流过回路导管5的吸收介质的热量。在该实例中，热交换器4作为冷却器运行并且用在冷却剂设备(未示出)中冷却的冷却剂12运行。
用于经由回路导管5使吸收介质返回塔6的开口13在一定高度与塔6接合，该高度足够低于该用于抽取的开口14，用于使将吸收液输送通过热交换器回路是仅通过重力可实现的。
工业实用性
本发明提供了一种用于最小化气泡形成并且因此维持吸收塔的热交换回路中的良好热交换的有成本效益的解决方案。因此，本发明是工业上实用的。
附图标记清单
1 热交换回路
2 倾卸床
3 热交换器(例如节约装置)
4 热交换器(例如冷却器)
5 回路导管
6 吸收塔
7 合成气体
8 吸收介质
9 合成气，处理过的
10 负载的吸收介质
11 工艺内的吸收介质流
12 冷却剂
13 用于返回吸收介质的开口
14 用于抽取吸收介质的开口

Claims (11)

1.一种吸收塔，该吸收塔包括至少一个外部热交换回路用于冷却或加热吸收液，该外部热交换回路包括一个或多个连续地连接的热交换器，其中，在流动方向上，用于从该吸收塔抽取吸收液的管道的接合点布置在进入第一热交换器的管道的接合点上方，其特征在于，在该管道的路线中安装倾卸床。
2.根据权利要求1所述的吸收塔，其特征在于，该倾卸床由填充体组成。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的吸收塔，其特征在于，用于将吸收液进料到至少一个热交换器的管道与其底侧接合并且用于从该至少一个热交换器排放该吸收液的管道与其顶侧接合。
4.根据权利要求3所述的吸收塔，其特征在于，用于吸收液从该吸收塔的抽取点和返回点以及该倾卸床和该至少一个热交换器被安排在这样的相对高度处，即，使得该吸收液流过热交换器回路是仅通过重力驱动而实现的。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的吸收塔，其特征在于，这些热交换器各自连接到冷却剂回路，或作为节约装置连接到工艺内部的吸收介质流。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的吸收塔，其特征在于，这些热交换器各自连接到冷水回路。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的吸收塔，其特征在于，这些热交换器各自连接到冷却水回路。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的吸收塔在气体纯化设备中用于去除酸性气体组分的用途。
9.根据权利要求8所述的用途，其特征在于，所述气体纯化设备是用于运行Rectisol、Purisol或Selexol工艺的设备。
10.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的吸收塔用于运行气体纯化工艺的用途，所述气体纯化工艺使用甲醇与N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N-甲基吡咯烷酮与含胺的吸收介质、或甲醇与含胺的吸收介质的混合物作为吸收介质。
11.根据权利要求10所述的用途，其特征在于，所述含胺的吸收介质是二乙醇胺、二异丙胺或二乙胺。
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