CN109373843B - Raise-free deep hole slot-drawing blasting method - Google Patents
Raise-free deep hole slot-drawing blasting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109373843B CN109373843B CN201811554669.XA CN201811554669A CN109373843B CN 109373843 B CN109373843 B CN 109373843B CN 201811554669 A CN201811554669 A CN 201811554669A CN 109373843 B CN109373843 B CN 109373843B
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- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 92
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008094 contradictory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of underground mine blasting, and particularly relates to a deep hole broaching blasting method without a raise. According to the invention, through selecting a slot-drawing mode, arranging blast holes, drilling, charging, blocking and detonating, and adopting a large-diameter deep hole blasting subsequent filling mining method, the slot-drawing blasting method is directly carried out by means of the compensation space provided by the large-diameter blank hole without tunneling a raise in a stope, the blasting cost is reduced, and the blasting period is shortened.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of underground mine blasting, and particularly relates to a deep hole broaching blasting method without a raise.
Background
Blasting is one of the key links in mining operation, and blasting quality directly influences the recovery rate, dilution rate and the lump size of the blasted ore. Blasting in the large-diameter deep hole blasting subsequent filling mining method is divided into slot blasting and lateral ore caving blasting, wherein the slot blasting is a first blasting area in blasting operation, a space generated after blasting provides a lateral free surface for initiation of a subsequent blast hole, and the slot blasting quality directly influences the lateral ore caving effect. In deep hole trompil blasting, the compensation space of blasting is regarded as to the well that often uses, leads to the cost height of trompil blasting, cycle length.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a longhole slot-drawing blasting method without a patio, and aims to provide a blasting method for directly performing slot-drawing blasting by means of a compensation space provided by a large-diameter hollow hole without digging the patio in a stope, so that the blasting cost is reduced, and the blasting period is shortened.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a raise-free deep hole slot-drawing blasting method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selective groove-pulling mode
The drawing groove area in the mining field adopts a regular polygon hole distribution mode;
step two: arranging blast holes
The blast holes are arranged in a dense mode, 4 explosive-filled blast holes are arranged in a slot-drawing blasting blast hole dense area, 3 non-explosive-filled hollow holes are arranged in the slot-drawing blasting blast hole dense area, and 9 explosive-filled blast holes are distributed on the periphery of the hollow holes in two layers;
step three: rock drilling
Performing rock drilling on the blast holes arranged in the step two according to the diameter of the explosive-loading blast holes of 90-130mm and the diameter of the empty holes of 230-270 mm;
step four: medicine charge
Filling the blast holes cut in the rock drilling in the step three, wherein the filling structure is non-coupled filling, and the explosives which are initiated at different delays in the blast holes are all placed into a single initiating explosive bag;
step five: blocking up
Filling a plug above the last layer of explosive package of the blast hole filled with the explosive in the step three;
step six: initiation of detonation
And (4) reversely detonating the detonating tubes in the explosive charging blast holes by adopting delay detonating tube detonators.
The specific mode of encryption arrangement in the second step is as follows: 4 explosive-charging blast holes in the slot-drawing blasting blast hole encryption area, wherein 1 explosive-charging blast hole is positioned in the center of the slot-drawing area, and the rest 3 explosive-charging blast holes and 3 empty holes are arranged in an equilateral triangle manner; the periphery of the hollow hole is divided into 9 explosive-filled blast holes which are distributed in two layers, the 9 explosive-filled blast holes are distributed in an array on a concentric circle taking the central blast hole of the slot drawing area as the circle center, the 3 explosive-filled blast holes are distributed on the inner layer, and the 6 explosive-filled blast holes are distributed on the outer layer.
The three empty holes are respectively arranged on a vertical bisector of a connecting line of two adjacent powder charging blast holes of 3 powder charging blast holes in a slot-drawing blasting blast hole encryption area distributed in an equilateral triangle; the 3 explosive-filled blast holes distributed on the inner layer at the periphery of the hollow hole are positioned on an extension line of a connecting line of the circle center and the hollow hole.
The distance between the three explosive-charged blast holes distributed in an equilateral triangle in the slot-drawing blasting blast hole encryption area and the center of the explosive-charged blast hole in the center of the slot-drawing area is 0.7-1.1m, and the distance between the three empty holes and the center of the explosive-charged blast hole in the center of the slot-drawing area is 0.5-0.9 m; the radiuses of the two concentric circles are 1.4-1.6m and 1.9-2.1m respectively.
The distance between the three explosive-charged blast holes distributed in an equilateral triangle in the slot-drawing blasting blast hole encryption area and the center of the explosive-charged blast hole in the center of the slot-drawing area is 0.9m, and the distance between the three empty holes and the center of the explosive-charged blast hole in the center of the slot-drawing area is 0.7 m; the radii of the two concentric circles are 1.5m and 2m, respectively.
And the linear distance between two adjacent charge blast holes on the circle with the radius of 2m is 2 m.
The aperture of the charging blast hole in the third step is 110mm, and the diameter of the empty hole is 250 mm; all blast holes are drilled downwards.
And in the fifth step, river sand is adopted for blocking.
The filling thickness of the river sand is 1.2-1.7 m.
The initiation in the sixth step is carried out in the following sequence; firstly, detonating 4 charging blast holes in a groove blasting blast hole encryption area; then detonating all explosive charging blast holes on a circle with the center explosive charging blast hole of the slot drawing area as the circle center and the radius of 1.5 m; then, detonating all explosive charging blast holes on a circle with the center explosive charging blast hole as the center and the radius of 2.0m in the groove-drawing area; and finally, detonating the rest explosive-filled blast holes in the slot-drawing area in a segmented manner, so that each blast hole is detonated successively according to the designed detonating sequence, and the slot-drawing blasting is completed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, through selecting a slot-drawing mode, arranging blast holes, drilling, charging, blocking and detonating, and adopting a large-diameter deep hole blasting subsequent filling mining method, the slot-drawing blasting method is directly carried out by means of the compensation space provided by the large-diameter blank hole without tunneling a raise in a stope, the blasting cost is reduced, and the blasting period is shortened.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of arrangement structure of blast holes for slot-drawing blasting according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the initiation sequence of the present invention.
In the figure, 1-first charging blast hole; 2-second charging blast hole; 3-third charging blast hole; 4-four charging blast holes; 5-five explosive charging blast holes; 6-six explosive charging blast holes; 7-seven explosive charging blast holes; 8-eight explosive charging blast holes; 9-nine charging blast holes; a No. 10-ten charging blast hole; 11-eleven charging blast holes; 12-twelve explosive charging blast holes; 13-thirteen charging blast holes; empty 1-No. one empty hole; hollow No. 2-second hollow; hollow 3-No. three hollow.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the raise-free deep hole slot-drawing blasting method shown in fig. 1-3 comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selective groove-pulling mode
The drawing groove area in the mining field adopts a regular polygon hole distribution mode;
step two: arranging blast holes
The blast holes are arranged in a dense mode, 4 explosive-filled blast holes are arranged in a slot-drawing blasting blast hole dense area, 3 non-explosive-filled hollow holes are arranged in the slot-drawing blasting blast hole dense area, and 9 explosive-filled blast holes are distributed on the periphery of the hollow holes in two layers;
step three: rock drilling
Performing rock drilling on the blast holes arranged in the step two according to the diameter of the explosive-loading blast holes of 90-130mm and the diameter of the empty holes of 230-270 mm;
step four: medicine charge
Filling the blast holes cut in the rock drilling in the step three, wherein the filling structure is non-coupled filling, and the explosives which are initiated at different delays in the blast holes are all placed into a single initiating explosive bag;
step five: blocking up
Filling a plug above the last layer of explosive package of the blast hole filled with the explosive in the step three;
step six: initiation of detonation
And (4) reversely detonating the detonating tubes in the explosive charging blast holes by adopting delay detonating tube detonators.
According to the invention, through selecting a slot-drawing mode, arranging blast holes, drilling, charging, blocking and detonating, and adopting a large-diameter deep hole blasting subsequent filling mining method, the blasting method of directly performing slot-drawing blasting without tunneling a raise in a stope by means of a compensation space provided by a large-diameter blank hole is realized, and the blasting period is shortened.
Example two:
fig. 2 shows a raise-free deep-hole slot-drawing blasting method, which is different from the first embodiment in that: the specific mode of encryption arrangement in the second step is as follows: 4 explosive-charging blast holes in the slot-drawing blasting blast hole encryption area, wherein 1 explosive-charging blast hole is positioned in the center of the slot-drawing area, and the rest 3 explosive-charging blast holes and 3 empty holes are arranged in an equilateral triangle manner; the periphery of the hollow hole is divided into 9 explosive-filled blast holes which are distributed in two layers, the 9 explosive-filled blast holes are distributed in an array on a concentric circle taking the central blast hole of the slot drawing area as the circle center, the 3 explosive-filled blast holes are distributed on the inner layer, and the 6 explosive-filled blast holes are distributed on the outer layer.
Preferably, the three empty holes are respectively arranged on a perpendicular bisector of a connecting line of two adjacent powder-charged blast holes of 3 powder-charged blast holes in a slot-drawing blasting blast hole encryption area distributed in an equilateral triangle; the 3 explosive-filled blast holes distributed on the inner layer at the periphery of the hollow hole are positioned on an extension line of a connecting line of the circle center and the hollow hole.
Preferably, the distance between the three explosive-filled blast holes distributed in an equilateral triangle in the slot-drawing blasting blast hole encryption area and the center of the explosive-filled blast hole in the center of the slot-drawing area is 0.7-1.1m, and the distance between the three empty holes and the center of the explosive-filled blast hole in the center of the slot-drawing area is 0.5-0.9 m; the radiuses of the two concentric circles are 1.4-1.6m and 1.9-2.1m respectively.
In practical application, by adopting the technical scheme of the invention, not only the blasting result meets the requirement, but also the blasting cost is saved to the greatest extent.
Example three:
the difference between the longhole broached slot blasting method without a raise as shown in fig. 2 and the second embodiment is that: the distance between the three explosive-charged blast holes distributed in an equilateral triangle in the slot-drawing blasting blast hole encryption area and the center of the explosive-charged blast hole in the center of the slot-drawing area is 0.9m, and the distance between the three empty holes and the center of the explosive-charged blast hole in the center of the slot-drawing area is 0.7 m; the radii of the two concentric circles are 1.5m and 2m, respectively.
Preferably, the straight-line distance between two adjacent charge blast holes on the circle with the radius of 2m is 2 m.
The technical scheme of the invention not only saves the blasting cost, but also has better blasting effect.
Example four:
fig. 2 shows a raise-free deep-hole slot-drawing blasting method, which is different from the first embodiment in that: the aperture of the charging blast hole in the third step is 110mm, and the diameter of the empty hole is 250 mm; all blast holes are drilled downwards.
By adopting the technical scheme in practical application, the explosive hole drilling and charging are facilitated, and the blasting effect is good.
Example five:
fig. 2 shows a raise-free deep-hole slot-drawing blasting method, which is different from the first embodiment in that: and in the fifth step, river sand is adopted for blocking.
Preferably, the river sand is packed to a thickness of 1.2 to 1.7 m.
When the specific implementation is carried out, the technical scheme is adopted for blocking, so that the requirement of blasting is met, the materials are conveniently obtained, and the cost is relatively low.
Example six:
fig. 3 shows a raise-free deep-hole slot-drawing blasting method, which is different from the first embodiment in that: the initiation in the sixth step is carried out in the following sequence; firstly, detonating 4 charging blast holes in a groove blasting blast hole encryption area; then detonating all explosive charging blast holes on a circle with the center explosive charging blast hole of the slot drawing area as the circle center and the radius of 1.5 m; then, detonating all explosive charging blast holes on a circle with the center explosive charging blast hole as the center and the radius of 2.0m in the groove-drawing area; and finally, detonating the rest explosive-filled blast holes in the slot-drawing area in a segmented manner, so that each blast hole is detonated successively according to the designed detonating sequence, and the slot-drawing blasting is completed.
In practical use, the detonation is implemented according to the technical scheme, the blasting period is short, and the blasting effect is good.
Example seven:
in the embodiment, a slotted hole area adopts a regular polygon hole arrangement mode, 16 blast holes are arranged in the slotted hole area, and 4 blast holes detonated in the first circle, namely a first explosive charge blast hole, a second explosive charge blast hole, a third explosive charge blast hole and a fourth explosive charge blast hole; the first explosive charge blast hole is arranged in the center, and the distance between the second explosive charge blast hole, the third explosive charge blast hole and the fourth explosive charge blast hole and the first explosive charge blast hole is 0.9 m; 3 empty holes without charge, namely a first empty hole, a second empty hole and a third empty hole, wherein the distance between the 3 empty holes and the charge blast hole is 0.7 m; the distance between the first charging blast hole and the second charging blast hole is 1.5 m; the eight-charge blast hole, the nine-charge blast hole, the ten-charge blast hole, the eleven-charge blast hole, the twelve-charge blast hole and the thirteen-charge blast hole are arranged on a circle with the first-charge blast hole as the center of circle and the radius of 2.0m, and the linear distance between every two adjacent holes is 2.0 m.
The aperture of a charging blast hole is 110mm, and the diameter of a hollow hole is 250 mm; the charged blast hole is drilled by a 100mm drilling machine, and the 250mm non-charged hole is drilled by a CS150D drilling machine firstly and then is reamed reversely by a reaming bit. All blast holes are drilled downwards.
Charging and blocking: the explosive charging structure in the blast hole is non-coupled explosive charging, and an initiating explosive packet is placed in the explosives which are initiated at different delays in the blast hole. The blast hole is blocked by river sand, and 1.5m of river sand is filled above the last layer of explosive package.
Detonating: reversely detonating the detonating tubes in the holes by millisecond delay detonating tube detonators, wherein the detonating among the holes is segmented differential blasting, the first explosive charging gun, the second explosive charging gun hole, the third explosive charging gun hole and the fourth explosive charging gun hole are firstly detonated, and then the fifth explosive charging gun hole, the sixth explosive charging gun hole and the seventh explosive charging gun hole are detonated, and the interval of the detonating time is 100 ms; then, detonating eight explosive charge blast holes, nine explosive charge blast holes, ten explosive charge blast holes, eleven explosive charge blast holes, twelve explosive charge blast holes and thirteen explosive charge blast holes, wherein the interval of the detonating time is 500 ms; and finally, detonating other blast holes in the slot drawing area in a segmented manner, wherein the detonation time interval is 500ms, and finally, each blast hole is detonated successively according to the designed detonation sequence, so that the slot drawing blasting is completed. After the blasting is finished, a slot-drawing area with the length of about 10.0m and the width of about 6.5m is formed, and a lateral free surface is provided for the subsequent blasting hole.
In conclusion, the invention adopts the large-diameter deep hole blasting subsequent filling mining method by selecting the slot-drawing mode, arranging blast holes, drilling, charging, blocking and detonating, realizes the blasting method of directly carrying out slot-drawing blasting without tunneling raise in a stope by means of the compensation space provided by the large-diameter blank hole, reduces the blasting cost and shortens the blasting period.
It should be noted that all the directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) in the embodiment of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship between the components, the movement situation, etc. in a specific posture (as shown in the drawing), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indicator is changed accordingly.
In addition, the descriptions related to "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature.
Technical solutions between various embodiments may be combined with each other, but must be realized by those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A raise-free deep hole slot-drawing blasting method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selective groove-pulling mode
The drawing groove area in the mining field adopts a regular polygon hole distribution mode;
step two: arranging blast holes
The blast holes are arranged in a dense mode, 4 explosive-filled blast holes are arranged in a slot-drawing blasting blast hole dense area, 3 non-explosive-filled hollow holes are arranged in the slot-drawing blasting blast hole dense area, and 9 explosive-filled blast holes are distributed on the periphery of the hollow holes in two layers;
step three: rock drilling
Performing rock drilling on the blast holes arranged in the step two according to the diameter of the explosive-loading blast holes of 90-130mm and the diameter of the empty holes of 230-270 mm;
step four: medicine charge
Filling the blast holes cut in the rock drilling in the step three, wherein the filling structure is non-coupled filling, and the explosives which are initiated at different delays in the blast holes are all placed into a single initiating explosive bag;
step five: blocking up
Filling a plug above the last layer of explosive package of the blast hole filled with the explosive in the step three;
step six: initiation of detonation
Reversely detonating the detonating tubes in the explosive charging blast holes by adopting delay detonating tube detonators;
the specific mode of encryption arrangement in the second step is as follows: 4 explosive-charging blast holes in the slot-drawing blasting blast hole encryption area, wherein 1 explosive-charging blast hole is positioned in the center of the slot-drawing area, and the rest 3 explosive-charging blast holes and 3 empty holes are arranged in an equilateral triangle manner; the periphery of the hollow hole is divided into 9 explosive-filled blast holes which are distributed in two layers, the 9 explosive-filled blast holes are distributed in an array on a concentric circle taking the central blast hole of the slot drawing area as the circle center, the inner layer is distributed with 3 explosive-filled blast holes, and the outer layer is distributed with 6 explosive-filled blast holes;
the distance between the three explosive-filled blast holes distributed in an equilateral triangle in the slot-drawing blasting blast hole encryption area and the center of the explosive-filled blast hole in the center of the slot-drawing area is 0.7-1.1m, and the distance between the three empty holes and the center of the explosive-filled blast hole in the center of the slot-drawing area is 0.5-0.9 m; the radiuses of the two concentric circles are 1.4-1.6m and 1.9-2.1m respectively.
2. The raise-free deep hole slot-drawing blasting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the three empty holes are respectively arranged on a vertical bisector of a connecting line of two adjacent powder charging blast holes of 3 powder charging blast holes in a slot-drawing blasting blast hole encryption area distributed in an equilateral triangle; the 3 explosive-filled blast holes distributed on the inner layer at the periphery of the hollow hole are positioned on an extension line of a connecting line of the circle center and the hollow hole.
3. The raise-free deep hole slot-drawing blasting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the distance between the three explosive-charged blast holes distributed in an equilateral triangle in the slot-drawing blasting blast hole encryption area and the center of the explosive-charged blast hole in the center of the slot-drawing area is 0.9m, and the distance between the three empty holes and the center of the explosive-charged blast hole in the center of the slot-drawing area is 0.7 m; the radii of the two concentric circles are 1.5m and 2m, respectively.
4. The raise-free deep hole slot-drawing blasting method according to claim 3, characterized in that: and the linear distance between two adjacent charge blast holes on the circle with the radius of 2m is 2 m.
5. The raise-free deep hole slot-drawing blasting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the aperture of the charging blast hole in the third step is 110mm, and the diameter of the empty hole is 250 mm; all blast holes are drilled downwards.
6. The raise-free deep hole slot-drawing blasting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the fifth step, river sand is adopted for blocking.
7. The raise-free deep hole slot-drawing blasting method according to claim 6, characterized in that: the filling thickness of the river sand is 1.2-1.7 m.
8. The raise-free deep hole slot-drawing blasting method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the initiation in the sixth step is carried out in the following sequence; firstly, detonating 4 charging blast holes in a groove blasting blast hole encryption area; then detonating all explosive charging blast holes on a circle with the center blast hole of the slot drawing area as the center of the circle and the radius of 1.5 m; then, detonating all blast holes on a circle with the circle center as the explosive charging blast hole in the center of the slot drawing area and the radius of 2.0 m; and finally, detonating the rest explosive-filled blast holes in the slot-drawing area in a segmented manner, so that each explosive-filled blast hole is detonated one by one according to the designed detonating sequence, and the slot-drawing blasting is completed.
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| CN111595213A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-08-28 | 安徽金日晟矿业有限责任公司 | Application of non-cutting raise grooving method in blasting stope |
| CN112880503A (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2021-06-01 | 云南迪庆有色金属有限责任公司 | Blind raise hole-by-hole micro-differential blasting one-time well-forming blast hole arrangement structure and method |
| CN113847028A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-12-28 | 安徽金日晟矿业有限责任公司 | Deep hole arrangement process for back stepping of broken ore body |
| CN114086960B (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-04-19 | 矿冶科技集团有限公司 | Forming method of cutting groove |
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