CN109373739B - Drying system with drying speed intelligently controlled - Google Patents

Drying system with drying speed intelligently controlled Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109373739B
CN109373739B CN201811274703.8A CN201811274703A CN109373739B CN 109373739 B CN109373739 B CN 109373739B CN 201811274703 A CN201811274703 A CN 201811274703A CN 109373739 B CN109373739 B CN 109373739B
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coal
drying
temperature
drying device
conveyor belt
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CN109373739A (en
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王逸隆
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Heze smart new material technology Co., Ltd
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Qingdao University of Science and Technology
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
    • F26B17/02—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by belts carrying the materials; with movement performed by belts or elements attached to endless belts or chains propelling the materials over stationary surfaces
    • F26B17/04—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by belts carrying the materials; with movement performed by belts or elements attached to endless belts or chains propelling the materials over stationary surfaces the belts being all horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S21/00—Solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S20/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/06—Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply
    • F26B21/10—Temperature; Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
    • F26B25/02—Applications of driving mechanisms, not covered by another subclass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S2023/88—Multi reflective traps
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)

Abstract

A hot air drying system comprises a coal feeder, a crushing device and a drying device, wherein the coal feeder comprises a coal falling cylinder opening, a roller, a driving motor and a belt, the driving motor drives the roller to rotate and drives the belt to rotate, coal enters from the coal falling cylinder opening, enters the crushing device after being conveyed by the belt, and the crushed coal enters the drying device from the crushing device; the drying device comprises a box body and a conveyor belt, the conveyor belt penetrates through the box body, the hot air enters the drying device from the lower part of the drying device, then penetrates through the conveyor belt to dry the coal conveyed on the conveyor belt, and finally is discharged from an outlet of the drying device, so that the coal is dried; the controller adjusts the drying speed according to a certain pattern. The invention connects the air temperature at the inlet and the outlet of the drying device, the drying speed and other factors, establishes a plurality of intelligent control relations, saves energy and is green and environment-friendly.

Description

Drying system with drying speed intelligently controlled
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of drying, and particularly relates to a device and a method for drying coal.
Background
Coal is one of the main national primary performance sources, but the coal has the characteristics of high moisture, low heat value, easy spontaneous combustion and the like, and the large-scale development and utilization of the coal are greatly limited. From the large environment of the country and from the perspective of the economic benefits of enterprises, the technical research and popularization of drying and dewatering coal and improving the calorific value of coal per unit mass are very important. The steam pipe rotary type coal pre-drying system is characterized in that wet coal with high water content is dried in a steam pipe rotary type dryer, then sent into a pulverizing system with a medium-speed coal mill for grinding, and then combusted in a boiler. Because most of moisture in the coal is evaporated, the low-order calorific value of the coal of unit mass is improved, and the flue gas amount and the smoke exhaust loss of the boiler are reduced. The steam in the coal is carried out by circulating carrier gas, the heat and the moisture are recovered by the cooling tower and the heat exchanger, and the actual water consumption of the unit is greatly reduced. Because the coal has larger water content, the requirement on the drying capacity of a pulverizing system is high; and the volatile component is high, and the pulverized coal is easy to generate spontaneous combustion explosion.
The research on coal dewatering and quality improving technology has become a hot spot at home and abroad, and a great deal of research is carried out at home and abroad, and the coal dewatering and quality improving technology is more and can be roughly divided into three types of methods: mechanical dehydration, evaporative dehydration and non-evaporative dehydration. The mechanical dehydration method is widely used in coal preparation plants, but the processing capacity and dehydration efficiency are still difficult to meet the requirements. The evaporation dehydration method utilizes hot oil, hot air, superheated steam and other media to directly or indirectly heat coal, so that the moisture in the coal is removed in a gaseous state. The evaporation dehydration process requires a large amount of energy to evaporate water, and the energy consumption is large. The non-evaporation dehydration method is mainly divided into a hydrothermal treatment method and a mechanical hot-pressing dehydration method, and water in coal is removed in a liquid state. The non-evaporation dehydration method has complex process and higher cost, and is not put into industrial application at present. In addition, the non-evaporative dehydration method also causes problems of waste water, waste gas treatment, and the like.
The current drying equipment has low intelligent degree, sometimes causes poor drying effect or waste caused by excessive hot air because of excessive or too little supplied hot air or coal quantity, and therefore, the development of a green coal dehydration technology which has the advantages of low energy consumption, low emission, low cost, safety and reliability and can carry out intelligent control is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a novel intelligent control solar coal drying device, which solves the above shortcomings.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a hot air drying system comprises a coal feeder, a crushing device and a drying device, wherein the coal feeder comprises a coal falling cylinder opening, a roller, a driving motor and a belt, the driving motor drives the roller to rotate, the roller drives the belt to rotate, coal enters from the coal falling cylinder opening and enters the crushing device through the transportation of the belt, and the crushing device transmits the crushed coal to the drying device; the driving motor is in data connection with the central controller;
the drying device comprises a box body, a temperature sensor, a flow velocity sensor and a conveyor belt, wherein the conveyor belt penetrates through the box body, the temperature sensor comprises an inlet temperature sensor and is used for measuring the temperature of hot air entering the drying device, and the air inlet pipeline temperature sensor is in data connection with the central controller;
the central controller automatically adjusts the rotating speed of the driving motor according to the measured temperature of the hot air entering the drying device, thereby adjusting the transmission speed of the belt pulley and controlling the coal feeding amount in unit time.
Preferably, if the temperature of the air entering the drying apparatus measured by the central controller decreases, the central controller automatically decreases the rotation speed of the driving motor; if the temperature of the air entering the drying apparatus measured by the central controller rises, the central controller automatically increases the rotational speed of the driving motor.
Preferably, the central controller is adapted according to the following formula: the flow rate of hot air entering the drying device per unit time (temperature of hot air entering the drying device 17 — reference temperature)/the mass of coal delivered by the coal feeder per unit time is constant.
Preferably, the constant is preset in the central controller.
Preferably, the reference temperature is 30 to 40 degrees celsius.
Preferably, when the measured temperature is a first temperature, the motor is driven to blow air at a first rotation speed; when the measured temperature rises to a second temperature greater than the first temperature, rotating the drive motor at a second rotational speed higher than the first rotational speed; when the measured temperature rises to a third temperature greater than the second temperature, rotating the drive motor at a third rotational speed higher than the second rotational speed; when the measured temperature rises to a fourth temperature that is greater than the third temperature, rotating the drive motor at a fourth rotational speed that is higher than the third rotational speed; when the measured temperature rises to a fifth temperature that is greater than the fourth temperature, the drive motor rotates at a fifth rotational speed that is higher than the fourth rotational speed.
Preferably, the fifth temperature is higher than the fourth temperature by 3-5 ℃, the fourth temperature is higher than the third temperature by 3-5 ℃, the third temperature is higher than the second temperature by 3-5 ℃, and the second temperature is higher than the first temperature by 3-5 ℃.
Preferably, the fifth temperature is higher than the fourth temperature by 4.5-5 ℃, the fourth temperature is higher than the third temperature by 4-4.5 ℃, the third temperature is higher than the second temperature by 3.5-4 ℃, and the second temperature is higher than the fifth temperature by 3-3.5 ℃.
Preferably, the fifth rotational speed is 1.1 to 1.3 times the fourth rotational speed, the fourth rotational speed is 1.1 to 1.3 times the third rotational speed, the third rotational speed is 1.1 to 1.3 times the second rotational speed, and the second rotational speed is 1.1 to 1.3 times the first rotational speed.
Preferably, the drying device comprises a box body and a conveyor belt, the conveyor belt penetrates through the box body, the hot air enters the drying device from the lower part of the drying device, then passes through the conveyor belt to dry the coal conveyed on the conveyor belt, and finally is discharged from an outlet of the drying device, so that the drying of the coal is completed;
drying device's air inlet duct sets up the house steward, then connects many shunt tubes through the house steward, carries the conveyer belt lower part with the air through the shunt tube, sets up a plurality of shunt tubes along conveyer belt direction of transportation, sets up a fan on every shunt tube, in drying device, along conveyer belt direction of transfer, the power of fan is littleer and more, the power of fan reduces by a wide margin that diminishes gradually.
Preferably, when the mass of coal per unit time entering the conveyor belt is Z and the mass water content is H, the drying effect satisfying a certain condition is shown when the temperature of hot air entering an air inlet pipeline of the drying device is D1, the air flow rate is L, the temperature of hot air leaving an outlet of the drying device is D2, and the conveying speed of the conveyor belt is S; the coal mass Z, the mass water content H, the air temperature D1 of the air inlet pipe, the air flow L, the outlet air temperature D2 and the conveying speed S of the conveyor belt in unit time are referred to as standard mass, standard water content, standard air inlet pipe temperature, standard outlet temperature, standard air flow and standard speed, namely standard data; the standard data is stored in the central controller;
when the coal mass per unit time is z and the mass water content is h, the flow rate l of air entering the drying equipment, the air temperature d1 of an air inlet pipeline, the air temperature d2 of an outlet and the conveying speed s of the conveyor belt meet the following operation modes:
the conveyor belt conveying speed S is kept constant at the standard speed S, and the air flow rate l is changed as follows:
l*(d1-d2)＝L*(D1-D2)*(h/H)a*(z/Z)bwherein a and b are parameters, 1.09<a<1.15,1.08<b<1.16; preferably, b increases gradually with increasing H/H and with increasing Z/Z.
Compared with the prior art, the drying device has the following advantages:
1) the invention firstly connects the inlet air temperature and the coal feeding quantity of the drying device, establishes the intelligent control relation between the inlet air temperature and the coal feeding quantity, and intelligently utilizes solar energy to dry coal, thereby saving energy and being green and environment-friendly.
2) The central controller automatically controls the amount of hot air conveyed to the drying device and/or the speed of the conveyor belt, so that energy is saved.
3) Through the air volume control along the direction of the conveying belt, the drying efficiency is greatly improved, and the best drying effect is ensured.
4) The optimal control relation for controlling the hot air quantity and the conveying speed is obtained through a great deal of research, intelligent drying control is realized, and human intervention is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of one embodiment of a coal drying apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of another embodiment of the coal drying apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow diagram of a coal drying apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a solar coal drying apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of another embodiment of the solar coal drying apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a drying appliance control system of the present invention.
Wherein, feeder 1, breaker 2, admission line 3, drying zone 4, main entrance 5, conveyer belt 6, pulley 7, coal bunker 8, drying zone air outlet 10, air outlet 11, bypass passageway 12, fan 13, export temperature sensor 14, heat collector 15, draught fan 16, drying device 17, heat transfer device 18, main road valve 19, bypass valve 20, central controller 21, admission line temperature sensor 22, flowmeter 23, collection case 24
Detailed Description
Fig. 1-2 show a schematic configuration of a drying system, which includes a coal feeder 1, a crushing device 2, a drying device 17, as shown in fig. 1, the drying device 17 including a casing, a temperature sensor, a flow rate sensor, a central controller 21, and a conveyor belt 6, the conveyor belt 6 passing through the casing, the temperature sensor including an inlet temperature sensor 22 and an outlet temperature sensor 14 for measuring a temperature of hot air entering the drying device 17 and a temperature of air leaving the drying device 17, respectively, the flow rate sensor 23 for measuring a flow rate of air entering the drying device 17 to calculate an air flow rate entering the drying device 17, the inlet temperature sensor 22, the outlet temperature sensor 14, and the flow rate sensor 23 being connected to the central controller 21.
Preferably, the hot air enters the drying device through the air intake duct 3, and the inlet temperature sensor 22 is provided in the air intake duct 3.
The coal enters from a coal dropping barrel opening 1-1, enters a crushing device 2 through the transportation of a belt 1-7, enters a drying device 17, and then sequentially passes through a drying device box body in the drying device 17 through a belt type conveying device with holes and is connected with a product feeding coal bunker 8.
The air enters the drying device 17 from the lower portion of the drying device 17, then passes through the conveyor 6 to dry the coal conveyed on the conveyor 6, and finally is discharged from the outlet of the drying device 17, thereby completing the drying of the coal.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the coal feeder 1 is a belt type load-bearing coal feeder, and comprises a coal dropping cylinder opening 1-1, a load-bearing carrier roller 1-2, a weight sensor 1-3, a speed sensor 1-4, a roller 1-5, a driving motor 1-6 and a belt 1-7, wherein the driving motor 1-6 drives the roller 1-5 to rotate, and the speed sensor 1-4 measures the rotating speed of the driving motor 1-6, so as to calculate the conveying speed of the belt. The bearing carrier roller 1-2 is arranged at the lower part of the belt 1-7 and tightly supports the belt, and the weight sensor 1-3 is arranged at the lower part of the bearing carrier roller 1-2 and used for measuring the mass of coal transported through the belt 1-7 in unit time. The speed sensor 1-4 and the weight sensor 1-3 are in data connection with the central controller 21.
As shown in fig. 6, the hot air is guided by the fan 19 to enter the drying device 17 through the air inlet pipe 3, and the coal is dried. The fan 19 is in data connection with a central controller 21. The central controller automatically adjusts the rotating speed of the driving motors 1-6 according to the measured temperature of the hot air in the inlet pipeline, thereby adjusting the transmission speed of the belt pulley and controlling the coal feeding amount in unit time.
The rotating speed of the motors 1-6 is controlled through the inlet temperature of the hot air, so that the coal feeding amount is controlled, the coal feeding amount corresponds to the effective heat contained in the air, the heat loss caused by too much hot air is avoided, and the poor drying effect of the coal caused by too little hot air is avoided. The hot air flow is controlled by the coal feeding amount of the coal feeder, so that energy can be saved, and the optimal drying effect is ensured.
In operation, the central controller 21 automatically reduces the rotational speed of the drive motors 1-6 if the temperature of the air entering the drying device 17, as measured by the central controller 21, decreases. If the temperature of the air entering the drying device 17 measured by the central controller 21 rises, the central controller 21 automatically increases the rotational speed of the drive motors 1-6. The quality of the lignite entering the drying device 17 is changed by changing the rotating speed of the driving motor, so that the lignite entering the drying device 17 is guaranteed to keep proper quality, the drying effect is not good due to no overhigh temperature, the hot air is not wasted due to too low temperature, and the best drying effect is achieved.
Preferably, fig. 5 shows a schematic view of another embodiment of the solar lignite drying device according to the present invention.
As shown in fig. 5, a part of the hot air heated by the solar collector enters the drying device 17 through the main channel 5, a part of the hot air enters the heat utilization device 18 through the bypass channel 12, a first fan 19 is arranged on the main channel 5 where the solar collector 15 is connected with the drying device 17, a second fan 20 is arranged on the bypass channel 12 where the solar collector 15 is connected with the heat utilization device 18, and the flow rate of the hot air entering the drying device 17 and the heat utilization device 18 is changed by changing the power of the first fan 19 and the second fan 20.
Preferably, the conveyor speed and the quality of the lignite conveyed by the conveyor per unit time are kept constant.
Preferably, the central controller 21 makes adjustments according to the following formula: the flow rate of hot air entering the drying device 17 per unit time (temperature of hot air entering the drying device 17 — reference temperature)/the mass of coal delivered by the coal feeder per unit time is constant.
Preferably, the flow rate of the hot air entering the drying device 17 per unit time is kept constant.
Preferably, the determination of the magnitude of the constant is determined according to "the flow rate of hot air entering the drying device 17 per unit time x (temperature of hot air entering the drying device 17-reference temperature)/the mass of coal delivered by the coal feeder per unit time" in the normal operation.
The mass of coal delivered by the coal feeder per unit time is measured by a weight sensor 1-3.
Preferably, the constants may be set in the central controller in advance according to previous operations or experiments.
Preferably, the reference temperature is 30 to 40 degrees Celsius, preferably 35 degrees Celsius.
In operation, when the measured temperature is a first temperature, the driving motor 1-6 blows air at a first rotational speed; when the measured temperature rises to a second temperature greater than the first temperature, the driving motor 1-6 is rotated at a second rotation speed higher than the first rotation speed; when the measured temperature rises to a third temperature greater than the second temperature, the driving motor 1-6 is rotated at a third rotation speed higher than the second rotation speed; when the measured temperature rises to a fourth temperature higher than the third temperature, the driving motor 1-6 is rotated at a fourth rotation speed higher than the third rotation speed; when the measured temperature rises to a fifth temperature greater than the fourth temperature, the drive motor 1-6 is rotated at a fifth rotation speed higher than the fourth rotation speed.
Preferably, the fifth temperature is higher than the fourth temperature by 3-5 ℃, the fourth temperature is higher than the third temperature by 3-5 ℃, the third temperature is higher than the second temperature by 3-5 ℃, and the second temperature is higher than the first temperature by 3-5 ℃.
Preferably, the fifth temperature is higher than the fourth temperature by 4.5-5 ℃, the fourth temperature is higher than the third temperature by 4-4.5 ℃, the third temperature is higher than the second temperature by 3.5-4 ℃, and the second temperature is higher than the fifth temperature by 3-3.5 ℃.
Preferably, the fifth rotational speed is 1.1 to 1.3 times the fourth rotational speed, the fourth rotational speed is 1.1 to 1.3 times the third rotational speed, the third rotational speed is 1.1 to 1.3 times the second rotational speed, and the second rotational speed is 1.1 to 1.3 times the first rotational speed.
Preferably, the fifth rotational speed is 1.3 to 1.24 times the fourth rotational speed, the fourth rotational speed is 1.24 to 1.18 times the third rotational speed, the third rotational speed is 1.18 to 1.14 times the second rotational speed, and the second rotational speed is 1.14 to 1.1 times the first rotational speed.
Through the optimization of the temperature and the rotating speed of the first fan, especially through the setting of the differential click rotating speed and the temperature difference, the drying efficiency can be further improved, and the time is saved. Experiments show that the drying efficiency can be improved by about 8-13%.
Preferably, the conveyor belt 6 is provided with speed control means, the speed control means is in data connection with the central controller 21, and the central controller 21 controls the speed of the conveyor belt 6 via the speed control means.
Preferably, the speed control means comprises speed detection means which transmits the detected data of the conveyor belt 6 to the central controller 21, the central controller 21 adjusting the power of the motor of the conveyor belt 6 according to the detected data. If the detected speed is less than the data calculated by the central controller 21, the power of the motor is increased, and conversely, the power of the motor is decreased. Preferably, the conveying speed of the conveyor belt 6 is adjusted by controlling the rotation speed of the conveyor wheel 9 by means of a motor.
Preferably, the box body is a cavity with a trapezoidal cross section, and the inlet and the outlet are provided with electric doors, and the opening degree of the electric doors can be adjusted in the up-down direction. The central controller 21 automatically adjusts the opening of the electric door according to the input coal seam thickness of the coal, so as to prevent energy loss caused by overlarge opening and achieve the purpose of saving energy.
Preferably, the thickness of the coal seam is automatically detected by a thickness detection device, the thickness detection device is in data connection with the programmable automatic controller, and the thickness detector transmits the thickness data of the coal seam to the central controller 21. The thickness detection device has the main advantages that the thickness data of the coal seam is automatically acquired, the complicated procedure of manually inputting the thickness data is avoided, and the drying efficiency and accuracy are improved.
Preferably, the thickness detection means are arranged near the entrance position of the drying device 17, for example at the entrance position of the drying device 17, and/or on a support outside the drying device 17 at a distance from the entrance of the drying device 17. The thickness average value can also be calculated by setting thickness detection devices at different positions and measuring the thickness for multiple times.
Preferably, the thickness detecting means includes an infrared transmitter for transmitting infrared rays to measure the thickness of the sheet material and an infrared receiver for receiving the thickness data transmitted from the infrared transmitter and transmitting the thickness data to the central controller 21.
Preferably, the infrared emitter comprises a first infrared emitting unit, a second infrared emitting unit and a third infrared emitting unit which are horizontally and equidistantly arranged; the infrared receiver comprises a first infrared receiving unit, a second infrared receiving unit and a third infrared receiving unit which are horizontally and equidistantly arranged, and the first infrared receiving unit, the second infrared receiving unit and the third infrared receiving unit respectively receive infrared rays emitted by the first infrared emitting unit, the second infrared emitting unit and the third infrared emitting unit. Through setting up a plurality of infrared emission units and infrared receiving unit, can guarantee the accuracy of data through many times of measuring. Meanwhile, when part of the infrared emission unit and the infrared receiving unit are damaged, the measurement of the thickness of the plate is not influenced.
Preferably, the infrared emission unit is disposed on a bracket crossing the belt at a certain distance from the entrance, the infrared reception unit is disposed at the entrance of the drying device 17, and the first infrared reception unit, the second infrared reception unit, and the third infrared reception unit horizontally correspond to the first infrared emission unit, the second infrared emission unit, and the third infrared emission unit, respectively.
Preferably, the infrared receiving unit is disposed on a bracket crossing the belt at a certain distance from the entrance, the infrared emitting unit is disposed at the entrance of the drying device 17, and the first infrared receiving unit, the second infrared receiving unit, and the third infrared receiving unit horizontally correspond to the first infrared emitting unit, the second infrared emitting unit, and the third infrared emitting unit, respectively.
Preferably, the conveying speed of the conveyor belt 6 is 0.6-0.8 m/s.
Preferably, a drying zone 4 is provided in the housing, the distribution of the air flow of the drying zone 4 being gradually reduced along the conveying direction of the conveyor 6. Therefore, the coal needs less and less air along with the gradual reduction of the water content, and the energy is saved.
Preferably, the air flow rate of the drying zone 4 decreases gradually in the direction of conveyance by the conveyor belt 6. If the flow rate S is set as a function of the distance x from the entrance of the drying zone 4, S ═ l (x), then in the drying zone 4, l '(x) <0, l "(x) <0, where l' (x), l" (x) are the first and second derivatives of l (x), respectively.
Experiments show that the drying of the coal can obtain the best effect and can save energy through the change of the air flow and the increase change. Compared with the same air flow distribution, the drying effect can be improved by 15-20 percent, namely, the energy can be saved by 15-20 percent.
Preferably, the change in the flow rate of the air is achieved as follows. In one method, a header 24 is provided below the conveyor 6, and as shown in fig. 1, holes are provided in the upper part of the header 24, and air is supplied through the holes in the header 24 to dry the coal.
Preferably, in the drying zone 4, the distribution density of the holes is gradually reduced along the conveying direction of the conveyor belt 6, and preferably, the distribution density of the holes is gradually reduced. Preferably, the maximum density is 1.2 to 1.3 times the minimum density.
By the above-mentioned variation of the density of the holes, a variation of the air flow along the conveying direction of the conveyor belt 6 can be achieved.
Preferably, the variation of the air flow rate can also be achieved by variation of the pore size. Preferably, in the drying zone 4, the pore size of the pores becomes smaller and smaller along the conveying direction of the conveyor belt 6, and preferably, the pore size of the pores becomes smaller and smaller in magnitude. Preferably, the largest pore size is 1.2 to 1.3 times the smallest pore size.
Preferably, the holes are round holes.
Preferably, the variation of the air flow rate can be achieved by variation of the power of the fan, as shown in fig. 2.
The air inlet duct of the drying device 17 is provided with a manifold, then a plurality of shunt pipes are arranged through the manifold, air is conveyed to the lower part of the conveyor belt 6 through the shunt pipes, a plurality of shunt pipes are arranged along the conveying direction of the conveyor belt 6, and each shunt pipe is provided with a fan 13, as shown in fig. 6, and the distribution of the flow along the conveying direction of the conveyor belt 6 is realized by changing the power of the fan.
Preferably, in the drying zone 4, the power of the fan 13 is reduced along the conveying direction of the conveyor belt 6, and preferably, the reduction of the power of the fan 13 is gradually reduced. Preferably, the maximum power is 1.2-1.3 times the minimum power.
Preferably, the air inlet temperature sensor is arranged on an air inlet pipeline manifold.
Preferably, the fan 13 is in data connection with a central controller 21, and the power of the fan can be adjusted by the central controller 21.
An air inlet pipeline fan 19 is arranged on the air inlet pipeline manifold, the air inlet pipeline fan 19 is in data connection with a central controller 21, and the central controller 21 adjusts the total amount of hot air entering the drying device 17 by adjusting the power of the fan 19.
In the actual working process, there needs to be an optimal relationship between the speed of the conveyor belt 6 and the flow temperature of the air, if the speed of the conveyor belt 6 is too fast, the drying time is short, and the drying quality is affected, if the speed of the conveyor belt 6 is too slow, the drying time is long, too much energy may be wasted, the efficiency is reduced, and similarly, if the air flow and the temperature are too low, the drying quality is affected, and if the flow and the temperature are too high, too much energy may be wasted. The optimum relationship between air flow, air temperature and delivery rate is therefore found by a number of experiments.
The drying device 17 can automatically adjust the air flow and the conveying speed of the conveyor belt 6 according to the moisture content of the dried coal. The control mode is as follows: assuming that the coal mass per unit time entering the conveyor 6 from the crusher is Z and the mass water content is H, the drying effect satisfying a certain condition is shown when the air temperature in the intake duct entering the drying device 17 is D1, the air flow rate is L, the air temperature at the outlet from the drying device 17 is D2, and the conveying speed of the conveyor 6 is S. The coal mass Z, mass water content H, intake duct air temperature D1, air flow rate L, outlet air temperature D2, and conveying speed S of the conveyor 6 per unit time are referred to as standard mass, standard water content, standard intake duct temperature, standard outlet temperature, standard air flow rate, and standard speed, that is, standard data. The standard data is stored in the central controller 21.
The standard data indicates data of the drying effect satisfying a certain condition. For example, the drying effect may be satisfied, for example, the moisture content of the coal is 0.04%, or the energy consumption is the least when the drying effect is achieved. Of course, the preferred conditions are data that consume the least amount of energy when a certain drying effect is achieved as standard data.
The temperature and speed adjusted by the following formula can basically meet the drying effect of certain conditions achieved by standard data.
When the coal mass per unit time is z and the mass water content is h, the flow rate l of air entering the drying equipment, the air temperature d1 of the air inlet pipeline, the air temperature d2 of the outlet and the conveying speed s of the conveyor belt 6 meet one of the following three different operation modes:
in the first mode: the conveying speed S of the conveyor belt 6 is kept constant at the standard speed S, and the flow rate l of the air is changed as follows:
l*(d1-d2)＝L*(D1-D2)*(h/H)a*(z/Z)bwherein a and b are parameters, 1.09<a<1.15,1.08<b<1.16; preferably, a is 1.12, b is 1.14; preferably, a gradually increases with increasing H/H, and b gradually increases with increasing Z/Z.
In the second mode: l the standard flow L is kept constant and the conveying speed s of the conveyor belt 6 is varied as follows:
(S/s)*(d1-d2)＝(D1-D2)*(h/H)c*(z/Z)dwherein c and d are parameters 1.08<c<1.15,1.18<d<1.22; preferably, c is 1.1' and d is 1.20;
in the third mode: l and s are variable, and the relationship between the air flow and the conveying speed of the conveyor belt 6 is as follows:
(S*l*(d1-d2))/(s*L*(D1-D2))＝g*(h/H)e*(z/Z)fwherein g, e and f are parameters, and g satisfies the following formula:
(S × L (D1-D2))/(S × L (D1-D2)) >1,0.92< g < 0.97; preferably, g is 0.95;
(S × L (D1-D2))/(S × L (D1-D2)) <1,1.03< g < 1.06; preferably, g is 1.05;
(S × L (D1-D2))/(S × L (D1-D2)) ═ 1,0.97< g < 1.03; preferably, g ═ 1;
preferably, the third mode is selected ((1-L/L)2+(1－s/S)2) The set of smallest values of l and s; of course, the first group of l and s satisfying the requirement can be selected, and one group of l and s satisfying the condition can be randomly selected;
1.08< e <1.13,1.14< f < 1.18; preferably, e is 1.10 and f is 1.16.
Wherein the following conditions need to be satisfied in the formulas of the above three modes: 0.9< L/L <1.1,0.9< S/S < 1.1.
The formula completely meets the requirement of actual drying of coal after a large amount of actual verification.
In practical application, a plurality of sets of standard data are stored in the central controller 21, and then the central controller 21 automatically selects appropriate standard data as a basis according to data (the quantity of coal and the water content of coal in unit time) input by a user under the conditions that 0.9< S/S <1.1 and 0.9< L/L < 1.1.
Preferably, an interface for standard data selected by the user may be provided in the presence of two or more sets of standard data, and preferably, the system may automatically select ((1-L/L)2+(1－s/S)2) The smallest value of (c).
The three modes may be stored in only one kind in the central controller 21, or may be stored in two or three kinds in the central controller 21.
In the above formula, d1 and d2 are obtained by real-time detection of the temperature sensors and are obtained by the temperature sensors 14 and 22; whereas the mass water cut h is measured by detecting the manual input in advance, the coal mass z can be measured by a weight sensor. At this time, the central controller 21 detects the conveying speed of the conveyor belt 6.
Preferably, the fan power of all drying zones 4 is increased or decreased in the same way when the air flow is adjusted, for example by 10% at the same time.
Preferably, when the air flow is adjusted, the fan power of all the drying zones 4 is increased or decreased in different steps, and the fan power of the drying zones 4 is increased or decreased gradually with the conveying direction of the conveyor 6, for example, the fan power in the front is increased by 15% and the fan power in the rear is increased by 12%, 11%, and so on in sequence along the conveying direction of the conveyor 6.
In the previous formula, the air flow is the total flow of air into the drying apparatus. Preferably, the flow rate detection device 23 is provided in the intake manifold.
The invention also discloses a method for realizing intelligent operation of the drying equipment, which comprises the following steps:
1) one or more sets of standard data are first stored in the central controller 21: coal mass per unit time is Z, mass water content is H, air temperature of an air inlet pipeline is D1, air flow is L, air temperature at an outlet is D2, and conveying speed of the conveyor belt 6 is S;
2) inputting the unit mass and the water content of coal on an operation interface; of course, the coal quality per unit time can be automatically detected by the central controller 21;
3) the central controller 21, based on the input coal's mass per unit and water content, the user selects to perform or automatically perform (e.g., in the case of only one mode of operation) one of three modes:
in the first mode: the conveying speed S of the conveyor belt 6 is kept constant at the standard speed S, and the flow rate l of the air is changed as follows:
l*(d1-d2)＝L*(D1-D2)*(h/H)a*(z/Z)bwherein a and b are parameters, 1.09<a<1.15,1.08<b<1.16; preferably, a is 1.12, b is 1.14;
in the second mode: l the standard flow L is kept constant and the conveying speed s of the conveyor belt 6 is varied as follows:
(S/s)*(d1-d2)＝(D1-D2)*(h/H)c*(z/Z)dwherein c and d are parameters 1.08<c<1.15,1.18<d<1.22; preferably, c is 1.1' and d is 1.20
In the third mode: l and s are variable, and the relationship between the air flow and the conveying speed of the conveyor belt 6 is as follows:
(S*l*(d1-d2))/(s*L*(D1-D2))＝g*(h/H)e*(z/Z)lwherein g, e and l are parameters, and g satisfies the following formula:
(S × L (D1-D2))/(S × L (D1-D2)) >1,0.92< g < 0.97; preferably, g is 0.95;
(S × L (D1-D2))/(S × L (D1-D2)) <1,1.03< g < 1.06; preferably, g is 1.05;
(S × L (D1-D2))/(S × L (D1-D2)) ═ 1,0.97< g < 1.03; preferably, g ═ 1;
preferably, the third mode is selected ((1-L/L)2+(1－s/S)2) The set of smallest values of l and s; of course, the first group of l and s satisfying the requirement can be selected, and one group can be selected from l and s satisfying the condition;
1.08< e <1.13,1.14< l < 1.18; preferably, e is 1.10 and l is 1.16.
Wherein the following conditions need to be satisfied in the formulas of the above three modes: 0.9< L/L <1.1,0.9< S/S < 1.1.
4) The drying device 17 starts the drying operation.
Preferably, a plurality of sets of standard data are input in the step 1);
preferably, the user can select the standard data through the user interface in the case where two or more sets of standard data are present.
In practical application, a plurality of sets of standard data are stored in the central controller 21, and then the central controller 21 automatically selects appropriate standard data as a basis according to data (coal mass and coal water content per unit time) input by a user under the conditions that 0.9< S/S <1.1 and 0.9< L/L < 1.1.
Preferably, an interface for standard data selected by the user may be provided in the presence of two or more sets of standard data, and preferably, the system may automatically select ((1-L/L)2+(1－s/S)2) The smallest value of (c).
Preferably, the hot air from the drying device 17 enters the heat utilization device 18 to utilize the residual heat. Further preferably, the heat utilization device 18 is a boiler, and the hot air directly enters the boiler to support combustion.
Preferably, the heat utilization device 18 is a hot water storage tank.
Preferably, the air from the heat utilization device 18 is directly circulated into the heat collector 15 for heating.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not limited thereto. Various changes and modifications may be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not limited thereto. Various changes and modifications may be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (2)

1. A hot air drying system comprises a coal feeder, a crushing device and a drying device, wherein the coal feeder comprises a coal falling cylinder opening, a roller, a driving motor and a belt, the driving motor drives the roller to rotate and drives the belt to rotate, coal enters from the coal falling cylinder opening, enters the crushing device after being conveyed by the belt, and the crushed coal enters the drying device from the crushing device;
the drying device comprises a box body and a conveyor belt, the conveyor belt penetrates through the box body, the hot air enters the drying device from the lower part of the drying device, then penetrates through the conveyor belt to dry the coal conveyed on the conveyor belt, and finally is discharged from an outlet of the drying device, so that the coal is dried; assuming that when the coal mass per unit time entering the conveyor belt from the crushing device is Z and the mass water content is H, the air temperature of an air inlet pipeline entering the drying device is D1, the air flow is L, the temperature of outlet air leaving the drying device is D2, and the conveying speed of the conveyor belt is S, the drying effect meeting certain conditions is shown; the coal mass Z, the mass water content H, the air temperature D1 of the air inlet pipe, the air flow L, the outlet air temperature D2 and the conveying speed S of the conveyor belt in unit time are referred to as standard mass, standard water content, standard air inlet pipe temperature, standard outlet temperature, standard air flow and standard speed, namely standard data; the standard data is stored in the central controller;
when the coal mass per unit time is z and the mass water content is h, the flow rate l of air entering the drying equipment, the air temperature d1 of an air inlet pipeline, the air temperature d2 of an outlet and the conveying speed s of the conveyor belt meet the following operation modes:
in the second mode: l the standard flow L is kept constant, and the conveying speed s of the conveyor belt is changed as follows:
(S/s)*(d1-d2)＝(D1-D2)*(h/H)c*(z/Z)dwherein c and d are parameters 1.08<c<1.15,1.18<d<1.22。
2. The drying system of claim 1, wherein c is 1.1' and d is 1.20.
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