CN109355654A - A kind of Variable power compound scan precinct laser fusion method - Google Patents
A kind of Variable power compound scan precinct laser fusion method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109355654A CN109355654A CN201811142899.5A CN201811142899A CN109355654A CN 109355654 A CN109355654 A CN 109355654A CN 201811142899 A CN201811142899 A CN 201811142899A CN 109355654 A CN109355654 A CN 109355654A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/30—Stress-relieving
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D10/00—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation
- C21D10/005—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation by laser shock processing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Variable power compound scan precinct laser fusion methods, it is related to technical field of material formation, including metal powder preheating, laser forming, stress relief annealing, laser surface phase transformation strengthening, using the solution of the present invention, obtain the precinct laser fusion drip molding that flawless, bubble-free, porosity are lower than 0.5%, consistency is not less than 99.5%, it improves surface hardness and is not less than 30%, and the present invention integrates precinct laser forming technique, heat treatment technics and surface strengthening technology, shorten the product process-cycle, improves forming efficiency and be not less than 30%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of material formation, and in particular to a kind of Variable power compound scan precinct laser fusion side
Method.
Background technique
Precinct laser fusion (Selective Laser Melting, SLM) technology is comparative maturity in metal 3D printing
Technology includes doing well in terms of intensity, precision, compactness, having a high potential, and becomes in rapid shaping system and most develops
One of technology of potentiality.Selective laser melting process uses powder supply mechanism, and fusing metal powder is successively scanned by high energy laser
End, metal powder temperature after absorbing laser energy steeply rises reach fusing point after, with the mobile sharp temperature drop of laser
It solidifies, realizes laser manufacture, be suitable for preparation micro-structure, small size and high-precision part, for consistency close to 100%, size is smart
Degree reaches 20-50um, and surface roughness reaches 20-30um, quickly grows in fields such as mechanical, medical treatment, aerospace and military affairs.
Precinct laser fusion forming process is complicated dynamic nonequilibrium process, there is heat transfer, fusing, phase transformation, gasification and
Phenomena such as mass transfer, and forming process high energy laser source movement speed is even higher up to 2000m/s, after laser facula leaves,
Original small molten bath can sharply cool down, and cooling velocity is less than several millis up to 103K/s, the fusing of metal powder and process of setting
The defects of second, forming process laser beam and temperature field are unstable, easily generate nodularization, hole, bubble and crackle.
Currently, the method for control precinct laser fusion defect mainly includes adjustment laser power, changes laser scanning strategy
It is good with regard to schemes such as metal powders with selecting, but the defects of can not thoroughly solve bubble and crackle, and the later period is needed to pass through
The post-processing of the technologies such as hot isostatic pressing, reduces bubble and crackle
China Patent Publication No. be CN104385605B disclose a kind of nanoscale components laser sintering and moulding method and
Device, including mixing sampling system, aerodynamics lens, confocal laser device group and workbench；Mixing sampling system has one
A cushion chamber.Powder of nanometric particles is placed in powder storage chamber, which is carried to mixing chamber through gas, and with another branch gas
Body is sufficiently mixed, and gained aerosol stream enters cushion chamber, and gas is further mixed with powder of nanometric particles, pressure and flow velocity drop
It is low, obtain the fluid that Reynolds number is 200-700；Fluid further enters cylindrical chamber with laminar flow, by each lens
Convergence hole and focus after, with individual particle manifold formula ejection；Particle is coated with vacuum grease sintering matrix on workbench receives, and
Melted by confocal laser device group；By workbench 4 in X, the movement of Y-direction, the two dimension with nanoscale formed precision can get
Pattern；By can successively stack the components for obtaining and there is nanoscale formed precision in Z-direction movement.But its still without
Method thoroughly solves the defects of bubble and crackle, and the process is more complicated.
Summary of the invention
Needle of the present invention is based on metallurgy and laser surface hardening technology, proposes a kind of efficient, high-precision quick four stage
SLM forming technique implements metal powder preheating, forming, stress relief annealing and laser surface intensified four by Variable power laser beam
Stage compound scan technique eliminates chess and card and crack defect, reduces and probably attacks defect, promotes mechanical strength, the fatigability of molded part
Energy, formed precision, surface smoothness etc..
To achieve the goals above, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a kind of provided Variable power compound scan choosing
Area's laser melting method, includes the following steps:
(1) metal powder preheats, and applies low power laser scanning to metal powder after flexible powdering, makes metal powder temperature
It is increased to 190-210 DEG C, vapor in metal powder is overflowed, reduces air blister defect.
(2) laser forming applies high power laser light scanning according to setting scanning strategy to the metal powder layer after preheating, mentions
High equipment forming speed and forming ability.
(3) stress relief annealing applies low power laser scanning to the metal coupon layer surface solidified, and control temperature reduces
25-35 DEG C below to material melting point, cooling velocity is reduced, stress relief annealing is on the other hand realized, residual stress is effectively reduced,
Reduce cracking defect.
(4) laser surface phase transformation strengthening cuts the laser that layer surface implements 300-400W power to the metal of coagulation forming
Scanning promotes metal grain nanosizing, adjustment internal stress, soldering crackle, successively improves molded part fatigue fracture intensity.
Preferably, the power of the low power laser is lower than 100W, and the power of the high power laser light is 400-500W.
Preferably, metal powder temperature is made to be increased to 200 DEG C in the step (1).
Preferably, step (1), (2), (3), (4) are repeated, metalwork needed for obtaining.
Preferably, control temperature is reduced to 30 DEG C of material melting point or less in the step (3).
A kind of metalwork, the metalwork are made by above-mentioned Variable power compound scan precinct laser fusion method.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
(1) the technical program is used, the precinct laser fusion of flawless, bubble-free, porosity lower than 0.5% is obtained and shapes
Part, consistency are not less than 99.5%, improve surface hardness and are not less than 30%.
(2) the integrated precinct laser forming technique of the present invention, heat treatment technics and surface strengthening technology shorten product processing week
Phase improves forming efficiency and is not less than 30%.
Specific embodiment
In order to deepen the understanding of the present invention, by aggregate embodiment, the invention will be further described below, the embodiment
For explaining only the invention, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention..
Embodiment 1
A kind of Variable power compound scan selective laser melting process, includes the following steps:
(1) gas-atomized powder is carried out using 316L stainless steel bars, obtains the metal powder that particle size range is 20 μm~30 μm
End, metal powder are placed in precinct laser fusion equipment hopper.
(2) power spreading device works, and by the uniform powdering of metal powder, applies low-power to the single-layer metal powder completed
Laser scanning makes metal powder temperature be increased to 190 DEG C, and original vapor overflows in metal powder, avoids the vapor later period
It can not escape to form bubble and gas hole defect.
(3) after metal preheating, high power laser light scanning is applied according to setting scanning strategy to the metal powder layer after preheating,
The rapid melting and solidification, this layer of solidification of this metal for realizing metal powder complete the process.
(4) the metal coupon layer surface solidified to step (3) processing applies low power laser scanning, and control temperature reduces
25 DEG C below to material melting point, stress relief annealing is realized, residual stress is effectively reduced, reduce cracking defect.
(5) step (4) has been solidified, metal coupon layer after stress relief annealing is implemented the laser of 300W power and swept
It retouches, realizes laser surface phase transformation strengthening, promote metal grain nanosizing successively to improve molded part fatigue fracture intensity, at this time metal
Powder journey completion of processing.
(6) step (2), step (3), step (4) and step (5) are repeated, metal successively is applied to the metal powder completed
Preheating, forming, stress relief annealing and laser surface intensified, until stamped metal part completion of processing.
In the present embodiment, the power 60W of the low power laser, the power of the high power laser light are 400W.
Embodiment 2
A kind of Variable power compound scan selective laser melting process, includes the following steps:
(1) gas-atomized powder is carried out using 316L stainless steel bars, obtains the metal powder that particle size range is 20 μm~30 μm
End, metal powder are placed in precinct laser fusion equipment hopper.
(2) power spreading device works, and by the uniform powdering of metal powder, applies low-power to the single-layer metal powder completed
Laser scanning makes metal powder temperature be increased to 200 DEG C, and original vapor overflows in metal powder, avoids the vapor later period
It can not escape to form bubble and gas hole defect.
(3) after metal preheating, high power laser light scanning is applied according to setting scanning strategy to the metal powder layer after preheating,
The rapid melting and solidification, this layer of solidification of this metal for realizing metal powder complete the process.
(4) the metal coupon layer surface solidified to step (3) processing applies low power laser scanning, and control temperature reduces
30 DEG C below to material melting point, stress relief annealing is realized, residual stress is effectively reduced, reduce cracking defect.
(5) step (4) has been solidified, metal coupon layer after stress relief annealing is implemented the laser of 350W power and swept
It retouches, realizes laser surface phase transformation strengthening, promote metal grain nanosizing successively to improve molded part fatigue fracture intensity, at this time metal
Powder journey completion of processing.
(6) step (2), step (3), step (4) and step (5) are repeated, metal successively is applied to the metal powder completed
Preheating, forming, stress relief annealing and laser surface intensified, until stamped metal part completion of processing.
In the present embodiment, the power of the low power laser is lower than 80W, and the power of the high power laser light is 450W.
Embodiment 3
A kind of Variable power compound scan selective laser melting process, includes the following steps:
(1) gas-atomized powder is carried out using 316L stainless steel bars, obtains the metal powder that particle size range is 20 μm~30 μm
End, metal powder are placed in precinct laser fusion equipment hopper.
(2) power spreading device works, and by the uniform powdering of metal powder, applies low-power to the single-layer metal powder completed
Laser scanning makes metal powder temperature be increased to 210 DEG C, and original vapor overflows in metal powder, avoids the vapor later period
It can not escape to form bubble and gas hole defect.
(3) after metal preheating, high power laser light scanning is applied according to setting scanning strategy to the metal powder layer after preheating,
The rapid melting and solidification, this layer of solidification of this metal for realizing metal powder complete the process.
(4) the metal coupon layer surface solidified to step (3) processing applies low power laser scanning, and control temperature reduces
35 DEG C below to material melting point, stress relief annealing is realized, residual stress is effectively reduced, reduce cracking defect.
(5) step (4) has been solidified, metal coupon layer after stress relief annealing is implemented the laser of 400W power and swept
It retouches, realizes laser surface phase transformation strengthening, promote metal grain nanosizing successively to improve molded part fatigue fracture intensity, at this time metal
Powder journey completion of processing.
(6) step (2), step (3), step (4) and step (5) are repeated, metal successively is applied to the metal powder completed
Preheating, forming, stress relief annealing and laser surface intensified, until stamped metal part completion of processing.
In the present embodiment, the power of the low power laser is lower than 100W, and the power of the high power laser light is 500W.
Obviously present invention specific implementation is not subject to the restrictions described above, as long as using method concept and skill of the invention
The improvement for the various unsubstantialities that art scheme carries out, or not improved the conception and technical scheme of the invention are directly applied to it
Its occasion, it is within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of Variable power compound scan precinct laser fusion method, which comprises the steps of:
(1) metal powder preheats: applying low power laser scanning to metal powder after flexible powdering, increases metal powder temperature
To 190-210 DEG C；
(2) high power laser light scanning, metal laser forming: are applied according to the sweeping scheme of setting to the metal powder layer after preheating
Coagulation forming after powder melts；
(3) stress relief annealing: low power laser scanning is applied to the metal coupon layer surface solidified, control temperature is reduced to material
Expect 25-35 DEG C of fusing point or less；
(4) laser scanning that layer surface applies 300-400W power laser surface phase transformation strengthening: is cut to the metal of coagulation forming.
2. a kind of Variable power compound scan precinct laser fusion method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described low
The power of power laser is lower than 100W, and the power of the high power laser light is 400-500W.
3. a kind of Variable power compound scan precinct laser fusion method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the step
So that metal powder temperature is increased to 200 DEG C in (1) suddenly.
4. a kind of Variable power compound scan precinct laser fusion method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step
Suddenly control temperature is reduced to 30 DEG C of material melting point or less in (3).
5. a kind of Variable power compound scan precinct laser fusion method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: repeat to walk
Suddenly (1), (2), (3), (4), metalwork needed for obtaining.
6. a kind of metalwork according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: the metalwork is by above-mentioned Variable power compound scan
Precinct laser fusion method is made.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811142899.5A CN109355654A (en) | 2018-09-28 | 2018-09-28 | A kind of Variable power compound scan precinct laser fusion method |
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| CN201811142899.5A CN109355654A (en) | 2018-09-28 | 2018-09-28 | A kind of Variable power compound scan precinct laser fusion method |
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| CN109355654A true CN109355654A (en) | 2019-02-19 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112453426A (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-03-09 | 安徽工程大学 | 3D printing enhancement process for titanium alloy for aviation |
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2018
- 2018-09-28 CN CN201811142899.5A patent/CN109355654A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112453426A (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-03-09 | 安徽工程大学 | 3D printing enhancement process for titanium alloy for aviation |
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