CN109349513B - 一种具有辅助降血脂功能的代餐粉及其用途 - Google Patents
一种具有辅助降血脂功能的代餐粉及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于食品领域，具体公开了一种具有降血脂功能的代餐粉及其用途。该代餐粉至少由活化燕麦膳食纤维粉、沙棘粉、薏苡仁粉、茯苓粉、玉竹粉和火麻仁粉组成。该代餐粉该可以进一步含有龙头草粉。其中沙棘粉为沙棘去核后的果肉果皮干燥后粉碎而得。该代餐粉中活化燕麦膳食纤维粉、沙棘粉、薏苡仁粉、茯苓粉、玉竹粉、火麻仁粉和龙头草粉的重量份比为：活化燕麦膳食纤维粉87～102重量份、沙棘粉7～11重量份、薏苡仁粉7～11重量份、茯苓粉7～11重量份、玉竹粉7～11重量份、火麻仁粉7～11重量份、龙头草粉2～4重量份。该代餐粉对血脂具有调控效果，与高脂饲料同时饲喂大鼠，能够降低大鼠血脂。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品领域，具体涉及一种具有降血脂功能的代餐粉及其用途。
背景技术
高血脂是由脂质代谢或转运异常导致的血浆脂质过高，血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯或低密度脂蛋白水平过高，或血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇过低的病症。高脂血症缺乏明确的外部症状表现，但长期的血脂升高是导致高血压、动脉粥样硬化等心脑血管疾病的原因之一。而肥胖则是高血脂危险因素之一。
人体血脂的来源有两条途径，首先是食物经消化吸收后，其中含有的脂类物质进入血液而成；其次是人体正常代谢过程中由肝脏、脂肪细胞及其他组织合成释放入血液的脂质物质。 在人体各类组织器官中除脑组织外，几乎其他组织器官均可合成胆固醇，其中肝脏是内源性胆固醇的主要来源，人体内胆固醇大约70%～80%是由肝脏合成，另有约10%是由小肠合成。因此，血脂调控除需要对饮食进行必要的控制外，也需要通过药物对体内胆固醇的合成进行调控。
传统中药材中存在大量具有血脂调控作用的天然药物，从西医的作用机理分析，其血脂调控机制几乎涉及脂质吸收、合成、转化和***的各个环节，如在抑制食物中脂质吸收方面：何首乌、大黄、决明子可通过泻下作用，促进肠蠕动，从而抑制肠道对脂肪和胆固醇的吸收。绿豆、扁豆、蒲黄、藻类等能够与胆固醇竞争脂化酶，从而减少胆固醇吸收；在调控内源性脂质合成方面：泽泻、大黄、丹参、姜黄、绞股蓝均可对体内部分内源性脂质的合成产生抑制作用；在促进体内脂类消除和***方面：山楂、茵陈、柴胡、人参皂甙、甘草甜素等均可通过促进体内脂类消除或***降低血脂水平。药食两用中药中的山楂、葛根、薏苡仁、决明子、百合、山药、白扁豆、莱菔子等均具有降血脂效果。
从中医理论，中药复方调控血脂的思路主要包括如下几种：滋肝补肾、清肝利湿、益气健脾祛瘀、化痰活血。其作用机理与西医血脂调控路径暗合。尤其是对于滋肝、清肝和活血、祛瘀的思路。
中国食用燕麦已有悠久的历史。《本草纲目》中称之为雀麦、野麦子，是一种低糖、高营养、高能食品。其富含膳食纤维，能促进肠胃蠕动，并且燕麦含有丰富的β—葡聚糖水溶性膳食纤维，是降血脂有效成分。燕麦食用后易吸水膨胀，易消化，容易引起饱腹感，长期食用具有减肥的功效。
代餐粉是伴随肥胖、高血糖、高血压人群增多而出现的一种短暂性、部分性替代日常饮食的辅助性食物。在减肥领域的应用范围更广一些。代餐的基本作用机理包括通过摄入高纤维含量的物质，产生饱腹感，抑制食欲亢进，从而改善饮食过多导致的肥胖和高血脂、高血压等疾病；另一方面，部分代餐也含有促进胃肠道蠕动的药材，促进油脂类食物的***，避免过多的油脂类成分吸收入血导致肥胖或高血脂。其中，大部分代餐粉以高纤维含量的物质为主，促胃肠道蠕动的药材为辅，从而从两个方面抑制肥胖或肥胖相关的疾病。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术，本发明的目的是之一提供一种具有降血脂功能的代餐粉。本发明的技术方案如下：
一种具有降血脂功能的代餐粉，含有活化燕麦膳食纤维粉、沙棘粉、薏苡仁粉、茯苓粉、玉竹粉和火麻仁粉。
进一步的，所述代餐粉还含有龙头草粉。
所述代餐粉中活化燕麦膳食纤维粉、沙棘粉、薏苡仁粉、茯苓粉、玉竹粉、火麻仁
粉和龙头草粉的重量份比为：活化燕麦膳食纤维粉87～102重量份、沙棘粉7～11重量份、薏苡仁粉7～11重量份、茯苓粉7～11重量份、玉竹粉7～11重量份、火麻仁粉7～11重量份、龙头草粉2～4重量份。
作为优选的方案，所述代餐粉中活化燕麦膳食纤维粉、沙棘粉、薏苡仁粉、茯苓粉、
玉竹粉、火麻仁粉和龙头草粉的重量份比可以为如下三种：
（1）活化燕麦膳食纤维粉100重量份、沙棘粉8重量份、薏苡仁粉8重量份、茯苓
粉8重量份、玉竹粉8重量份、火麻仁粉8重量份、龙头草粉3重量份。
（2）活化燕麦膳食纤维粉89重量份、沙棘粉10重量份、薏苡仁粉10重量份、茯苓粉10重量份、玉竹粉10重量份、火麻仁粉10重量份、龙头草粉2重量份。
（3）活化燕麦膳食纤维粉95重量份、沙棘粉7重量份、薏苡仁粉7重量份、茯苓粉7重量份、玉竹粉7重量份、火麻仁粉7重量份、龙头草粉4重量份。
作为优选的方案，所述代餐粉中活化燕麦膳食纤维粉、沙棘粉、薏苡仁粉、茯苓粉、玉竹粉、火麻仁粉和龙头草粉的颗粒为可通过80目筛的颗粒或可通过100目筛的颗粒。
本发明的另一方面还提供了上述代餐粉在制备代餐饼干中的用途。
其中活化燕麦膳食纤维粉是以燕麦膳食纤维为原料制备的含有可溶性的β-葡聚糖的粉末物质。也可采用普通的燕麦膳食纤维粉。市场销售的燕麦膳食纤维粉有多家公司生产，用于食品制备。活化燕麦膳食纤维粉我国湖州麦福食品科技有限公司已有销售。因此对于活化燕麦膳食纤维粉可从市场购买。
沙棘粉在食品和饮品领域均有应用，是胡颓子科沙棘属植物沙棘Hippophaerhamnoides L. 的干燥成熟果实去果仁，采用果皮、果肉制备而成。性味酸、涩，温。功能主治止咳祛痰，消食化滞，活血散瘀。用于咳嗽痰多，消化不良，食积腹痛，瘀血经闭，跌扑瘀肿。
薏苡仁粉由薏苡仁粉碎而成或膨化后粉碎而成，薏苡仁为禾本科植物薏苡Coixlacryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen （Roman.）Stapf的干燥成熟种仁。膨化薏苡仁粉在市场上已有销售，可以从市场购得。
茯苓粉由茯苓粉碎而成或膨化后粉碎而成，茯苓为多孔菌科真菌茯苓Poriacocos(Schw.)Wolf的干燥菌核。膨化茯苓粉在市场上已有销售，可以从市场购得。
玉竹为百合科植物玉竹Polygonatum odoratum(Mill.)Druce的干燥根茎。玉竹粉由玉竹粉碎而成。
火麻仁为***科植物***Cannabis sativaL.的种仁。火麻仁粉由火麻仁粉碎而成。
龙头草为唇形科植物龙冻草的根或叶。拉丁名为Meehania henryi(Hemsl.)Sunex C.Y.Wu[Dracocephalum henryi Hemsl.]，龙头草粉由龙头草粉碎而成。
上述代餐粉可与牛奶、豆浆、大麦茶、蜂蜜、咖啡等调配后使用，也可开水调配后使用或制成饼干使用。经发明人研究显示，上述代餐粉对高血脂模型的血脂指标具有改善作用。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的解释。应当理解的是，以下实施例仅用于解释本发明，而不是限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例1 代餐粉1
活化燕麦膳食纤维粉 1000g
沙棘粉 80g
薏苡仁粉 80g
茯苓粉 80g
玉竹粉 80g
火麻仁粉 80g
龙头草粉 30g
（1）活化燕麦膳食纤维粉过80目筛备用；新鲜成熟沙棘果，剥取果肉果皮晒干，80℃烘干后粉碎过80目筛备用；另取薏苡仁、茯苓、玉竹、火麻仁、龙头草分别粉碎过80目筛备用。
（2）从步骤（1）制备的粉末中取活化燕麦膳食纤维粉1000g、沙棘粉80g、薏苡仁粉80g、茯苓粉80g、玉竹粉80g、火麻仁粉80g、龙头草粉30g混合均匀，分装入铝箔袋，每袋143g。
实施例2 代餐粉2
活化燕麦膳食纤维粉 890g
沙棘粉 100g
薏苡仁粉 100g
茯苓粉 100g
玉竹粉 100g
火麻仁粉 100g
龙头草粉 20g
（1）活化燕麦膳食纤维粉过80目筛备用；新鲜成熟沙棘果，剥取果肉果皮晒干，80℃烘干后粉碎过80目筛备用；另取薏苡仁、茯苓、玉竹、火麻仁、龙头草分别粉碎过80目筛备用。
（2）从步骤（1）制备的粉末中取活化燕麦膳食纤维粉890g、沙棘粉100g、薏苡仁粉100g、茯苓粉100g、玉竹粉100g、火麻仁粉100g、龙头草粉20g混合均匀，分装入铝箔袋，每袋141g。
实施例3 代餐粉3
活化燕麦膳食纤维粉 950g
沙棘粉 70g
薏苡仁粉 70g
茯苓粉 70g
玉竹粉 70g
火麻仁粉 70g
龙头草粉 40g
（1）活化燕麦膳食纤维粉过100目筛备用；新鲜成熟沙棘果，剥取果肉果皮晒干，80℃烘干后粉碎过100目筛备用；另取薏苡仁、茯苓、玉竹、火麻仁、龙头草分别粉碎过100目筛备用。
（2）从步骤（1）制备的粉末中取活化燕麦膳食纤维粉950g、沙棘粉70g、薏苡仁粉70g、茯苓粉70g、玉竹粉70g、火麻仁粉70g、龙头草粉40g混合均匀，分装入铝箔袋，每袋134g。
实施例4 代餐粉饼干
（1）取实施例3制备代餐粉134g，加入低筋面粉150g、小苏打2g混合均匀。
（2）另取酵母粉2g加入65g温水搅拌；
（3）将步骤（2）的酵母粉液倒入步骤（1）的粉末中，加入20g牛奶搅拌均匀；然后加入30g软化的黄油揉成面团；
（4） 步骤（3）所述的面团静置2小时后压制或擀成厚度2mm左右的面皮，切割成小块，放入烤箱烤熟即可。
实施例5 代餐粉4
活化燕麦膳食纤维粉 1000g
沙棘粉 80g
薏苡仁粉 80g
茯苓粉 80g
玉竹粉 80g
火麻仁粉 80g
（1）活化燕麦膳食纤维粉过80目筛备用；新鲜成熟沙棘果，剥取果肉果皮晒干，80℃烘干后粉碎过80目筛备用；另取薏苡仁、茯苓、玉竹、火麻仁分别粉碎过80目筛备用。
（2）从步骤（1）制备的粉末中取活化燕麦膳食纤维粉1000g、沙棘粉80g、薏苡仁粉80g、茯苓粉80g、玉竹粉80g、火麻仁粉80g混合均匀，分装入铝箔袋，每袋140g。
实施例6 代餐粉的降血脂效果研究
1.样品制备：
1.1龙头草提取物的制备：
取龙头草200g，粉碎过80目筛，加入1600g水，浸泡过夜，煎煮4小时，趁热过滤，滤液浓缩为相对密度1.21的浸膏备用。
1.2活化燕麦膳食纤维、沙棘、薏苡仁、茯苓、玉竹、火麻仁复方提取物的制备：
取实施例5制备的代餐粉700g（活化燕麦膳食纤维粉500g、沙棘粉40g、薏苡仁粉40g、茯苓粉40g、玉竹粉40g、火麻仁粉40g），加入5600g水，浸泡过夜，煎煮4小时，趁热过滤，滤液浓缩为相对密度1.21的浸膏备用。
1.3活化燕麦膳食纤维、沙棘、薏苡仁、茯苓、玉竹、火麻仁、龙头草复方提取物的制备：
1.3.1取实施例1制备的代餐粉715g（活化燕麦膳食纤维粉500g、沙棘粉40g、薏苡仁粉40g、茯苓粉40g、玉竹粉40g、火麻仁粉40g、龙头草粉15g，分别粉碎过80目筛，所得粉末混合，加入5720 g水，浸泡过夜，煎煮4小时，趁热过滤，滤液浓缩为相对密度1.21的浸膏备用。
1.3.2取实施例2制备的代餐粉705g（活化燕麦膳食纤维粉445g、沙棘粉50g、薏苡仁粉50g、茯苓粉50g、玉竹粉50g、火麻仁粉50g、龙头草粉10g），加入56400 g水，浸泡过夜，煎煮4小时，趁热过滤，滤液浓缩为相对密度1.21的浸膏备用。
模型及分组处理：
40只SD系雄性大鼠，160g～180g，大鼠检疫1周后随机均分为5组，饲喂市售高脂饲料（北京科澳协力有限公司），连续饲喂4周。
第1组大鼠自高脂饲料饲喂开始，每日分别灌胃生理盐水2mL，连续灌胃4周。
第2组大鼠自高脂饲料饲喂开始，每日分别灌胃1.1项下制备的浸膏2mL，连续灌胃4周。
第3组大鼠自高脂饲料饲喂开始，每日分别灌胃1.2项下制备的浸膏2mL，连续灌胃4周。
第4组大鼠自高脂饲料饲喂开始，每日分别灌胃1.3.1项下制备的浸膏2mL，连续灌胃4周。
第5组大鼠自高脂饲料饲喂开始，每日分别灌胃1.3.2项下制备的浸膏2mL，连续灌胃4周。
指标考察及结果：
末次给药后，各组大鼠均禁食不禁水12小时，然后分别在麻醉状态下股动脉采血3mL，离心分离血清，采用半自动生化分析仪检测血清样品中总胆固醇（TC, mmol/L）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C, mmol/L)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C, mmol/L)的水平。各组大鼠测定结果见下表：
组间t检验比较显示，除第2组HDL-C与第1组差别不显著外，第2组TC和LDL-C均显著低于第1组；第3、4、5组TC和LDL-C均显著低于第1组，HDL-C显著高于第1组。从实验结果分析，龙头草提取物对HDL-C调控效果不明显，但对TC和LDL-C具有一定的调控效果，实施例1、2代餐粉的提取物对TC、HLD-C和LDL-C具有调控效果。
Claims (8)
1.一种具有辅助降血脂功能的代餐粉，其特征在于，所述具有辅助降血脂功能的代餐粉由活化燕麦膳食纤维粉、沙棘粉、薏苡仁粉、茯苓粉、玉竹粉、火麻仁粉和龙头草粉组成；所述活化燕麦膳食纤维粉是以燕麦膳食纤维为原料制备的含有可溶性β-葡聚糖的粉末物质。
2.根据权利要求1所述的具有辅助降血脂功能的代餐粉，其特征在于，所述具有辅助降血脂功能的代餐粉中活化燕麦膳食纤维粉、沙棘粉、薏苡仁粉、茯苓粉、玉竹粉、火麻仁粉和龙头草粉的重量份比为：活化燕麦膳食纤维粉87～102重量份、沙棘粉7～11重量份、薏苡仁粉7～11重量份、茯苓粉7～11重量份、玉竹粉7～11重量份、火麻仁粉7～11重量份、龙头草粉2～4重量份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的具有辅助降血脂功能的代餐粉，其特征在于，所述具有辅助降血脂功能的代餐粉中活化燕麦膳食纤维粉、沙棘粉、薏苡仁粉、茯苓粉、玉竹粉、火麻仁粉和龙头草粉的重量份比为：活化燕麦膳食纤维粉100重量份、沙棘粉8重量份、薏苡仁粉8重量份、茯苓粉8重量份、玉竹粉8重量份、火麻仁粉8重量份、龙头草粉3重量份。
4.根据权利要求2所述的具有辅助降血脂功能的代餐粉，其特征在于，所述具有辅助降血脂功能的代餐粉中活化燕麦膳食纤维粉、沙棘粉、薏苡仁粉、茯苓粉、玉竹粉、火麻仁粉和龙头草粉的重量份比为：活化燕麦膳食纤维粉89重量份、沙棘粉10重量份、薏苡仁粉10重量份、茯苓粉10重量份、玉竹粉10重量份、火麻仁粉10重量份、龙头草粉2重量份。
5.根据权利要求2所述的具有辅助降血脂功能的代餐粉，其特征在于，所述具有辅助降血脂功能的代餐粉中活化燕麦膳食纤维粉、沙棘粉、薏苡仁粉、茯苓粉、玉竹粉、火麻仁粉和龙头草粉的重量份比为：活化燕麦膳食纤维粉95重量份、沙棘粉7重量份、薏苡仁粉7重量份、茯苓粉7重量份、玉竹粉7重量份、火麻仁粉7重量份、龙头草粉4重量份。
6.根据权利要求3至5任一项所述的具有辅助降血脂功能的代餐粉，其特征在于，所述具有辅助降血脂功能的代餐粉中活化燕麦膳食纤维粉、沙棘粉、薏苡仁粉、茯苓粉、玉竹粉、火麻仁粉和龙头草粉的颗粒为可通过80目筛的颗粒。
7.根据权利要求3至5任一项所述的具有辅助降血脂功能的代餐粉，其特征在于，所述具有辅助降血脂功能的代餐粉中活化燕麦膳食纤维粉、沙棘粉、薏苡仁粉、茯苓粉、玉竹粉、火麻仁粉和龙头草粉的颗粒为可通过100目筛的颗粒。
8.权利要求1或2所述的具有辅助降血脂功能的代餐粉在制备代餐饼干中的用途。
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