CN109334146A - 一种天然竹纤维复合板材的生产方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种天然竹纤维复合板材的生产方法,所述天然竹纤维复合板材的表层为一装饰面料,第二层为一热熔胶膜,第三层为一第一无纺布,第四层为一天然竹纤维与聚丙烯短纤维混合针刺毡,第五层为一第二无纺布;所述天然竹纤维与聚丙烯短纤维混合针刺毡的组分重量百分比为:天然竹纤维53%~56%,聚丙烯短纤维44%~47%。本发明的天然竹纤维复合板材易成型、抗拉伸、弯曲强度高、尺寸稳定、性能优异;吸水性低,在潮湿环境下使用不会吸湿变形;抗菌性能强,不会发生霉变。本发明的天然竹纤维复合板材综合性能优越,具有良好的环保效益和经济效益,可以广泛应用于汽车动车船舶飞机等内饰材料、建筑装饰、家具板材等领域。
Description
【技术领域】
本发明属于复合材料领域,具体涉及一种天然竹纤维复合板材的生产方法。
【背景技术】
目前,在汽车行业、建筑装饰、家具行业等领域,生产商和消费者越来越多关注内饰材料的环保性。内饰材料的环保性体现主要在两个方面:一为内饰材料的甲醛含量、总碳挥发量等涉及到人员身体健康的技术指标;二为内饰材料是否可循环利用以及易降解。例如,根据欧共体的法规,将来汽车必须以95%的可循环使用的材料制造,这也就要求开发环保、有循环再生使用特性的天然纤维原料。我国目前还没有相关法规,但在今后的发展过程中也必将逐渐重视材料的环保及可循环利用性能。
玻璃纤维现在广泛应用在汽车及建筑装饰领域,内饰材料的玻璃纤维增强聚氨酯、玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯复合板材等中的玻璃纤维含量很多,而玻璃纤维是一种完全不降解材料,其在加工过程中也容易对人体有伤害。目前应用较为广泛的麻纤维,对人体无伤害,容易降解,但是麻纤维吸水率高,抗菌效果较差,容易霉变,在使用过程中容易吸湿变形,甚至产生霉变。
天然竹纤维(也称竹原纤维)是一种具有广阔发展前景的天然健康产品。在很多方面,天然竹纤维性能都有非常良好的表现。竹纤维是一种可降解的纤维,并在泥土中能完全分解,对周围环境不造成损害,是一种真正意义上的环保型绿色纤维。在同样的条件下,细菌在棉、木纤维制品中能生存繁衍,在竹纤维中不但不能长时间生存,而且短时间内还能消失、减少,具有天然抗菌、抑菌的功能。竹纤维产品具有了较强的防皱性、较好的耐磨性、较强的纵向和横向强度等特点。
中国专利CN102145552A公开了一种热塑性竹纤维复合板材及其制造方法,其中热塑性竹纤维复合板材中加入了阻燃剂和偶联剂,且由于加入助剂,产品TVOC总挥发性有机化合物含量较高,会对车内人员的身体健康造成一定的影响;另外,所述板材的单位面积质量为300g/m2—900g/m2,成型后强度较低。
因此,有必要针对天然竹纤维特性和复合板材特点设计一种新的生产方法,充分发挥天然竹纤维的特性,提高复合板材的综合性能,并且具有良好的环保性能。
【发明内容】
本发明要解决的技术问题之一,在于提供一种天然竹纤维复合板材,可以广泛应用于汽车动车船舶飞机等内饰材料、建筑装饰、家具板材等领域。
本发明要解决的技术问题之二,在于提供一种天然竹纤维复合板材的生产方法,使天然竹纤维与聚丙烯短纤维复合成型板材的综合性能优越,并且具有良好的环保性能。
本发明是这样实现的:
一种天然竹纤维复合板材,所述复合板材的表层为装饰面料,第二层为热熔胶膜,第三层为无纺布,第四层为天然竹纤维与聚丙烯短纤维混合针刺毡,第五层为无纺布;所述天然竹纤维与聚丙烯短纤维混合针刺毡的组分重量百分比为:天然竹纤维53%~56%,聚丙烯短纤维44%~47%;所述竹天然纤维与聚丙烯短纤维混合针刺毡的平方克重为1200g/m2~1400g/m2;所述天然竹纤维:线密度为32dtex~65dtex,纤维长度为30mm~80mm,断裂强度≥21.2cN/dtex,抑菌性能≥70%;所述聚丙烯短纤维:线密度为6.8dtex~7.8dtex,纤维长度为60mm~70mm,断裂强度≥3.5cN/dtex。
一种天然竹纤维复合板材的生产方法,具体包括如下步骤:
步骤1、选取线密度为32dtex~65dtex,纤维长度为30mm~80mm,断裂强度≥21.2cN/dtex,抑菌性能≥70%的竹原纤维;线密度为6.8dtex~7.8dtex,纤维长度为60mm~70mm,断裂强度≥3.5cN/dtex的聚丙烯短纤维;按天然竹纤维53%~56%,聚丙烯短纤维44%~47%的重量比例投入和毛机内,初步混合后,获得混合物,所述混合物依次经过精开棉机、梳理机、铺网机以及针刺机的二次针刺后,形成连续的天然竹纤维与聚丙烯短纤维混合针刺毡;
步骤2、将连续的天然竹纤维与聚丙烯短纤维混合针刺毡切成所需规格的天然竹纤维与聚丙烯短纤维混合针刺毡;
步骤3、按表层装饰面料、第二层热熔胶膜、第三层无纺布、第四层天然竹纤维与聚丙烯短纤维混合针刺毡、第五层无纺布的顺序叠加铺好材料,送入温度为170℃-190℃的烘箱,烘烤5-10分钟;然后送入压机内的模腔中压制成型,获得天然竹纤维复合板材。
本发明具有如下优点:
本发明的天然竹纤维复合板材易成型、抗拉伸、弯曲强度高、尺寸稳定、性能优异;吸水性低,在潮湿环境下使用不会吸湿变形;抗菌性能强,不会发生霉变。本发明的天然竹纤维复合板材密度较高,保证了产品强度和阻燃性;未加入任何的有机助剂,使用过程无异味,不会对人员身体造成影响。总之,本发明的天然竹纤维复合板材综合性能优越,易降解,TVOC低,具有良好的环保性能。
【具体实施方式】
一种天然竹纤维复合板材,所述复合板材的表层为装饰面料,第二层为热熔胶膜,第三层为无纺布,第四层为天然竹纤维与聚丙烯短纤维混合针刺毡,第五层为无纺布;所述天然竹纤维与聚丙烯短纤维混合针刺毡的组分重量百分比为:天然竹纤维53%~56%,聚丙烯短纤维44%~47%;所述天然竹纤维与聚丙烯短纤维混合针刺毡的平方克重为1200g/m2~1400g/m2;所述天然竹纤维:线密度为32dtex~65dtex,纤维长度为30mm~80mm,断裂强度≥21.2cN/dtex,抑菌性能≥70%;所述聚丙烯短纤维:线密度为6.8dtex~7.8dtex,纤维长度为60mm~70mm,断裂强度≥3.5cN/dtex。
一种天然竹纤维复合板材的生产方法,具体包括如下步骤:
步骤1、选取线密度为32dtex~65dtex,纤维长度为30mm~80mm,断裂强度≥21.2cN/dtex,抑菌性能≥70%的天然竹纤维;线密度为6.8dtex~7.8dtex,纤维长度为60mm~70mm,断裂强度≥3.5cN/dtex的聚丙烯短纤维;按天然竹纤维53%~56%,聚丙烯短纤维44%~47%的重量比例投入和毛机内,初步混合后,获得混合物,所述混合物依次经过精开棉机、梳理机、铺网机以及针刺机的二次针刺后,形成连续的天然竹纤维与聚丙烯短纤维混合针刺毡;
步骤2、将连续的天然竹纤维与聚丙烯短纤维混合针刺毡切成所需规格的天然竹纤维与聚丙烯短纤维混合针刺毡;
步骤3、按表层装饰面料、第二层热熔胶膜、第三层无纺布、第四层天然竹纤维与聚丙烯短纤维混合针刺毡、第五层无纺布的顺序叠加铺好材料,送入温度为180℃±5℃的烘箱,烘烤5分钟;然后送入压机内的模腔中压制成型,获得即为天然竹纤维复合板材。
以下表一为由上述天然竹纤维复合板材的生产方法,制备出来的天然竹纤维复合板材的各种检测值:
1#样天然竹纤维重量百分比:56% 聚丙烯短纤维重量百分比:44%
2#样天然竹纤维重量百分比:54% 聚丙烯短纤维重量百分比:46%
3#样天然竹纤维重量百分比:53% 聚丙烯短纤维重量百分比:47%
表一
由以上表一序号3~5可得:本发明的天然竹纤维复合板材经过高温、低温、高温高湿的测试后,所述复合板材的纵向、横向尺寸变化率控制在0.5%以内,因此,所述复合板材的变形稳定性好。
由序号6可得:天然竹纤维复合板材的燃烧速度最快的为32mm/min,阻燃性完全符合汽车内饰国家推荐标准GB/T 8410-2006,且远远小于该标准限制的小于100mm/min,因此,阻燃性优越。
由序号7可得:本发明天然竹纤维复合板材吸水性小于0.8%,在潮湿环境使用不容易吸湿变形。
由序号8可得:本发明天然竹纤维复合板材的弯曲强度达到3.2MPa以上,强度高。
另外,本发明所述的天然竹纤维复合板材易成型,同时具有抗菌性,不会霉变;本发明所述的复合板材中未加入任何的有机或化学助剂,因此使用过程无异味,不会对人员身体造成影响,并且可降解,具有良好的环保性能。
虽然以上描述了本发明的具体实施方式,但是熟悉本技术领域的技术人员应当理解,我们所描述的具体的实施例只是说明性的,而不是用于对本发明的范围的限定,熟悉本领域的技术人员在依照本发明的精神所作的等效的修饰以及变化,都应当涵盖在本发明的权利要求所保护的范围内。
Claims (3)
1.一种天然竹纤维复合板材,其特征在于:所述复合板材的表层为装饰面料,第二层为热熔胶膜,第三层为无纺布,第四层为天然竹纤维与聚丙烯短纤维混合针刺毡,第五层为无纺布;所述天然竹纤维与聚丙烯短纤维混合针刺毡的组分重量百分比为:天然竹纤维53%~56%,聚丙烯短纤维44%~47%;所述天然竹纤维与聚丙烯短纤维混合针刺毡的平方克重为1200g/m2~1400g/m2。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的天然竹纤维复合板材的生产方法,其特征在于:具体包括如下步骤:
步骤1、按天然竹纤维53%~56%,聚丙烯短纤维44%~47%的重量比例投入和毛机内,初步混合后,获得混合物,所述混合物依次经过精开棉机、梳理机、铺网机以及针刺机的二次针刺后,形成连续的天然竹纤维与聚丙烯短纤维混合针刺毡;
步骤2、将连续的天然竹纤维与聚丙烯短纤维混合针刺毡切成所需规格的天然竹纤维与聚丙烯短纤维混合针刺毡;
步骤3、按表层装饰面料、第二层热熔胶膜、第三层无纺布、第四层天然竹纤维与聚丙烯短纤维混合针刺毡、第五层无纺布的顺序叠加铺好材料,送入温度为170℃-190℃的烘箱,烘烤5-10分钟;然后送入压机内的模腔中压制成型,获得天然竹纤维复合板材。
3.一种如权利要求1所述的天然竹纤维复合板材的生产方法,其特征在于:天然竹纤维与聚丙烯短纤维复合板材的尺寸变化率小于0.5%,吸水率小于0.8%,弯曲强度达到3.2MPa以上。
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CN115366501A (zh) * | 2022-08-25 | 2022-11-22 | 吉林省华纺静电材料科技有限公司 | 用于汽车内饰材料的椰棕纤维复合材料及其制备方法 |
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