CN109328927A - A kind of cultural method improving salt-soda soil seawater rice yielding ability - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method improving salt-soda soil seawater rice yielding ability Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of cultural methods for improving salt-soda soil seawater rice yielding ability, principally fall into field of agricultural cultivation, it comprises the steps of, it ploughs the fertilizing → desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching → variety selection → culture water system construction → sky season and strengthens the supplementary measures such as seedling → flat field site preparation → rational close planting → top dressing → water layer management, links during seawater rice growing are strictly managed, comprehensive setting, the physicochemical property of alkaline land soil can effectively be improved, long-term crop rotation in the above manner, soil unity particle can be increased, it is effective to inhibit salinity, by way of the fresh water desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching after overlay film, fresh water usage amount can significantly be reduced, pass through rational close planting, increase solubility in citric acid humic acid organic fertilizer, extra large increasing production of rice increment can significantly be made, every per mu yield can reach 800 kilograms or more.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultural methods for improving salt-soda soil seawater rice yielding ability, and it is rich to be particularly suitable for growing plants on beach rice
The method of production property.
Background technique
It is salt-soda soil that, which there is 1/3 soil in the whole world, and in China there is also the wetland with saline-alkaline of large area, there are about 30,000,000
Hm2 is mainly distributed on northeast, North China and the Northwest.Development and utilization salt-soda soil makes it be used for production estimation, can hold in agricultural
It is of great significance in supervention exhibition.Rice is the pioneer crop of saline-alkali tolerant crop and coastal area salt-soda soil.Water resource compared with
Sufficient Coastal beach area, is planted salt tolerant rice kind, the salt-soda soil agricultural use for being controlled salt with rice water log control, with rice may be implemented
And exploitation.Alkaline land soil salt content height often results in that rice percentage establishment of seedling is low, tiller number is greatly decreased, it is difficult to ear, yield
The problems such as being greatly reduced.Reduce the major measure that soil salt content is rice in saline-alkali field plantation.Mainly made by the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching in production
Soil salt content reduces, and presses salt to achieve the purpose that maintain rice normal growth by pouring water.In addition, in alkaline land improving process
In, pith of the tillage control measure as agricultural production, to the improving effect of saline-alkali soil by the concern of domestic and international researcher,
It is simultaneously also cost-effective mode of ameliorating.
It can be the water of China's discovery in Coastal beach, the salt alkaline tolerance rice of salt-soda soil normal growth that seawater rice, which is a kind of,
Rice new species, it has the characteristics that salt resistance alkali, resists and flood, is resistant to lodging.There are 9.5 hundred million hectares of salt-soda soils in the whole world, and China salt-soda soil is just
There are 100,000,000 hectares.Extra large Rice Cropping can effectively save freshwater resources, increase arable land, being conducive to environmental protection and agricultural can
Sustainable development all has great strategic significance for solving China or even world food safety problem.Also due to extra large rice industry
Be in initial phase, research papers be in fact it is rarely seen, from the point of view of existing pertinent literature, research direction is concentrated mainly on following
Several aspects；In terms of breed of variety, MUTMAP (a method of new is sequenced gene location by full genome) it can accelerate
The breeding of Selece New Alkali-fast anb, and cultivate by this method the new varieties of a kind of " kaijin ", yield, quality, correlation
Economical character and parental line do not have difference.And " extra large rice 86 " conduct is a kind of than more ancient seed rice, by carrying out full base to it
Because of sequencing, the molecular biology research of transcriptome analysis, it is found that it contains a large amount of salt- induced genes, some is never sent out wherein being no lack of
The gene expression now crossed provides more possibility to cultivate a variety of saline-alkali tolerant new varieties later.High using Spartina alterniflora's salt tolerance,
The advantages such as reproductive capacity is strong are combined with rice high yield advantage, and realization seawater rice high yield and high quality is simultaneously deposited.In terms of utility value, through examining
It tests, extra large Rice Cropping can effectively improve the salinization of soil, reduce saline and alkaline, scientific research value and the ecological value with higher.
The popularizing planting of seawater rice can fresh-water-saving resource, effectively solve pollution of area source and food-safety problem, commercial value potentiality
Also very big.Seawater rice nutritive value is high, and being examined seawater rice dietary fiber is 1.3 times of highed milled rice, and selenium is 7.2 times, rich in rich
Vitamin, the amino acid, anthocyanidin of richness, are relatively beneficial to human health.With the improvement of people's living standards, family of China grace lattice
You constantly reduce coefficient, and people no longer only focus on the quantity of food and more focus on nutrition arrangement, it is anticipated that seawater rice tool
There is wide market.In terms of the above research direction can be seen that and seldom be related to for having for extra large increasing production of rice at present
Research, so the present invention provides a kind of implantation methods and can effectively make extra large increasing production of rice.
Summary of the invention
For seawater rice growing plants on beach, since saline and alkaline is excessively high, growth period duration of rice is caused to be delayed, maturity is bad, plantation
Low output expends a large amount of freshwater resources, the problems such as input cost is high, a kind of cultural method is now provided, significantly to develop edge
Seabeach applies ground, reduces salt-soda soil salinity, alkalinity, the yield and quality of seawater rice is improved, to obtain preferable economic benefit and society
It can benefit.
A kind of cultural method improving salt-soda soil seawater rice yielding ability comprising the steps of:
(1) water system is built: Coastal beach salt-soda soil kind rice mating must perfect field and fill drainage system, strict control underground
Water level guarantees that draining salt reduction is unimpeded.Coastal beach field is set as 60m × 200m, and the both ends in field set pour water trunk canal and draining
Trunk canal, pours water trunk canal and arterial drainage is strictly separated, and string is forbidden to fill string row, arranges/pour water trunk canal deep 2~2.5m, width 2.3-2.5m,
Bar ditch are set up in field two sides, North and South direction, and ditch depth should be in 1.5~2.0m, 2~2.5m of furrow width, and the bar ditch of field two sides are by filling
It is separated with row, bar ditch are usually arranged (drop) salt or the key project of the control accumulation of salt in the surface soil and can be rapidly performed by by above setting
Short suction salt plant can also be planted in row irrigation, bar ditch and trunk canal, further decrease soil salt.
(2) empty to plough fertilizing season: to accomplish that stalk whole chopping and returning, Coastal beach alkaline land soil contain after rice harvest
Salt amount is higher and is unevenly distributed up and down, soil texture difference is easy hardened, endangers paddy growth larger, idle season is usually
Autumn and winter field, which is ploughed deeply, can rapidly change soil body salinity vertical distribution, plough deeply that the topsoil of saliferous weight can be turned over and bury on earth
Layer rolls up the good soil of bottom to come, and the humus of straw chopping and returning, is established new after making in conjunction with application of organic fertilizers and rice
Arable layer is greater than salinity mass percent in 3% salt-soda soil, ploughs deeply 40~45cm；Salt content is in mass percent 3%
Within salt-soda soil, plough deeply 25-35cm；Soil salt system pipeline can be cut off, salinity is reduced.
(3) desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching: the rye grass whole chopping and returning that annual spring plants last year, and it is shallow to be affixed by organic fertilizer progress field
It ploughs, depth is usually 15-25cm, ploughs rear overlay film, can keep soil moisture to salt-soda soil and salinity is inhibited to transport to native table
The effect of shifting, and the decomposed of green manure plant can be accelerated, fast lifting soil fertility makes alkaline land soil environment form one
Benign cycle, upper fresh water rinse field salt, and test PH is down within 6-7, it may be necessary to using sulphur powder or gypsum or
Person's ardealite reduces soil alkalinity.
(4) variety selection: selection salt tolerance is up to rice varieties more than 0.6% level, and seed purity is not less than 99%, hair
Bud rate is not less than 85%.
(5) cultivate strong seedling: seedling on the low soil of salt content, watery ricenursery rice shoot are wanted using soil moved in improve the original seedling raising method or around
Ask healthy and strong neat, 35~40d of the length of time rice seedlings grow, single plant tiller 2~3,6.0~6.5 leaf of leaf age；Transplanting rice shoot wants stem foot slightly flat, leaf
Piece blueness endures, and root polychrome is white, and the length of time rice seedlings grow is generally 15~20d, 15~18cm of plant height, 3.5~4 leaf of leaf age.
(6) flat field site preparation: 5-7 days before rice transplanting, taking off film, and film is reused after can rinsing, and is ok in the soil free time
Overlay film keeps moisture, and smooth field is smooth, and height difference is no more than 3cm, first dryly smooth, then to put shallow seated groundwater smooth, applies calcium superphosphate
750kg/hm2, ammonium hydrogen carbonate 450kg/hm2；It levels land in addition to being conducive to irrigation, draining, water logging control, improvement soil, it can be with
The orographic condition for making to seep under uniform moisture is created, the unfavorable terrain factor that high hollow injustice is easy to salification is eliminated, to raising rainfall leaching
Salt and irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching effect are fine.
(7) appropriate dense planting: Planting Densities are 20cm × 13.3cm, 4~6, every cave rice shoot, guarantee Basic Seedling 1,300,000~
1550000/hm2 encloses tideland for cultivation area's salt content height in view of Coastal beach, and paddy growth is relatively slow, it is necessary to adhere to dense planting, can choose suitable
When ahead of time plant rice, after rice quickly breed, can be more advantageous to the later period cope with hot weather.
(8) top dressing: top dressing is tillering fertilizer 2 times, promotees fertilizers for potted flowers, ear manuer each 1 time, applies ammonium bicarbonate 300kg/hm2, rear 2 urine for first 2 times
Plain 75kg/hm2, including base manure apply nitrogen not less than 247.5kg/hm2 altogether；
(9) water layer management: the Coastal beach kind rice desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching cannot be dehydrated daytime, evaporated and risen with moisture to prevent salinity, rice
It growing early period (6.0~7.0 leaf), hot-dry season changes a water every 5~7d, and previous draining has to drain when changing water,
Rainy season changes a water before heavy rain arrives every 9~11d and is allowed to dry field ponding to accumulate the sky and water, middle and later periods water starch management
The mode for taking alternation of wetting and drying first clears field ponding, cross 5~7d and fill new water, the middle and later periods changes water spacer and extends 2 than early period
~3d, it is mature before 7~10d be dehydrated, with benefit harvesting.
It further, further include that a Tanaka with the machine of ploughing the first furrow as a guideline excavates wide 30~40cm, depth 35-40cm in the step (1)
Dead furrow, every dead furrow spacing 5~10m identical as bar ditch direction；Every 50m excavates the waist moisture in the soil of same specification, hangs down with bar ditch direction
Directly, can sufficiently wash field not using which will lead to part field earth salt point height, the state on part salinity ground.
Further, further include in the step (2) after ploughing deeply, per acre application of organic fertilizers, urea 40kg, calcium superphosphate
20kg plants rye grass, keeps the covering of ground green, to promote green manure tiller, growth, while culture fertility.
It further, further include rinsing field salt to rinse by several times in the step (3), 4~6 times, during flushing bubble is macerated
Absolutely not it is dehydrated field surface layer, 10~15d is drained every time, it is desirable that field hondo is dry, and argillaceous soil is done to cracking, then bubble of pouring water
It macerates, moisture evaporation, retain water and nutrients can be slowed down due to surface coating by rinsing waterlayer control every time in 5~10cm, it is possible to reduce
Achieve the effect that the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching while fresh water dosage.
Further, the organic fertilizer in the step (2) or (3) be solubility in citric acid humic acid organic fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O >=
5%, organic matter >=70%, total humic acid >=28%), research finds that humic acid organic fertilizer can effectively improve soil environment,
The increase of humic acid amount of application can be obviously improved fringe weight and spike length character, and solubility in citric acid fertilizer plays slow releasing function to fertilizer, prevent
Only fertilizer leaching loss significantly increases fertilizer efficiency, improves the utilization rate of fertilizer, alleviates adverse effect of the fertilizer to soil physical and chemical property,
It is a kind of good soil conditioner.
Further, the solubility in citric acid humic acid organic fertilizer in the step (2) or (3), applies 800-1500kg per acre.
Further, will be in conjunction with rafting salt water when further including top dressing in the step (8), 1d draining, 2d is applied afternoon
Fertilizer, the moisturizing immediately of the 3d morning.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: the present invention is strictly managed by links during seawater rice growing, comprehensive
Setting, can effectively improve the physicochemical property of alkaline land soil, for a long time crop rotation in the above manner, can increase soil unity
Particle effectively inhibits salinity；By way of the fresh water desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching after overlay film, fresh water usage amount can be significantly reduced；Pass through conjunction
Dense planting is managed, solubility in citric acid humic acid organic fertilizer is increased, can significantly make extra large increasing production of rice increment, every per mu yield can reach 800 kilograms
More than.
Specific embodiment
Following specific embodiments are to further explanation of the invention, and the material of non-specified otherwise can be in the present invention
Market obtains, and the field management implantation methods of the non-specified otherwise of the present invention can be operated conventionally.
Embodiment 1
(1) water system is built: Coastal beach field 60m × 200m, the both ends in field set pour water trunk canal and arterial drainage, pour water
Trunk canal and arterial drainage are strictly separated, and are forbidden string to fill string row, are arranged/pour water trunk canal depth 2m, width 2.3m, and bar ditch are set up in a field two sides,
North and South direction, ditch depth should be separated in 1.5m, furrow width 2m, the bar ditch of field two sides by filling and row；Tanaka is excavated wide with machine of ploughing the first furrow as a guideline
The dead furrow of 30cm, depth 35cm, every dead furrow spacing 5m identical as bar ditch direction；Every 50m excavates the waist moisture in the soil of same specification, with item
Ditch direction is vertical,
(2) empty to plough fertilizing season: to accomplish stalk whole chopping and returning after rice harvest, it is saline and alkaline greater than 3% for salinity
Ground ploughs deeply 40；Salt-soda soil of the salt content within 3%, ploughs deeply 25cm；After ploughing deeply, per acre application of organic fertilizers 800kg, urine
Plain 40kg, calcium superphosphate 20kg plant rye grass, keep the covering of ground green, to promote green manure tiller, growth, increase fertilizer simultaneously
Soil fertility.
(3) desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching: the rye grass whole chopping and returning that annual spring plants last year, and it is affixed by organic fertilizer 900kg progress
Field L. chinensis, depth are usually 15, plough rear overlay film, and upper fresh water rinses field salt, and test PH is down within 6-7；It rinses
Field salt rinses by several times, and 4~6 times, rinsing during bubble is macerated absolutely not is dehydrated field surface layer, and 10~15d is drained every time, it is desirable that
Field hondo is dry, and argillaceous soil is done to cracking, then bubble of pouring water is macerated, and rinses waterlayer control every time in 5~10cm.
(4) variety selection: selection salt is up to rice varieties more than 0.6% level, and seed purity is not less than 99%, germination
Rate is not less than 85%.
(5) cultivate strong seedling: seedling on the low soil of salt content, watery ricenursery rice shoot are wanted using soil moved in improve the original seedling raising method or around
Ask healthy and strong neat, 35~40d of the length of time rice seedlings grow, single plant tiller 2~3,6.0~6.5 leaf of leaf age；Transplanting rice shoot wants stem foot slightly flat, leaf
Piece blueness endures, and root polychrome is white, and the length of time rice seedlings grow is generally 15~20d, 15~18cm of plant height, 3.5~4 leaf of leaf age.
(6) flat field site preparation: 5 days before rice transplanting, taking off film, and smooth field is smooth, and height difference is no more than 3cm, first dryly smooth, then puts
Shallow seated groundwater is smooth, applies calcium superphosphate 750kg/hm2, ammonium hydrogen carbonate 450kg/hm2；
(7) plant rice density: Planting Densities be 20cm × 13.3cm, 4~6, every cave rice shoot, guarantee Basic Seedling 1,300,000~
1550000/hm2.
(8) top dressing: top dressing is tillering fertilizer 2 times, promotees fertilizers for potted flowers, ear manuer each 1 time, applies ammonium bicarbonate 300kg/hm2, rear 2 urine for first 2 times
Plain 75kg/hm2, including base manure apply nitrogen not less than 247.5kg/hm2 altogether；It will be in conjunction with rafting salt water, 1d draining, 2d when top dressing
Fertilising in afternoon, the moisturizing immediately of the 3d morning
(9) water layer management: paddy growth early period (6.0~7.0 leaf), hot-dry season change a water every 5d, change water
Shi Qianci draining has to drain, and rainy season changes a water before heavy rain arrives every 9d and is allowed to dry field ponding to accumulate day
Water, middle and later periods water starch management take the mode of alternation of wetting and drying, i.e., first clear field ponding, cross 5d and fill new water, the middle and later periods changes between water
Extending 2~3d every comparable early period, 7d is dehydrated before maturation, it is gathered in benefit,
Embodiment 2
(1) water system is built: Coastal beach field 60m × 200m, the both ends in field set pour water trunk canal and arterial drainage, pour water
Trunk canal and arterial drainage are strictly separated, and are forbidden string to fill string row, are arranged/pour water trunk canal depth 2.5m, width 2.5m, item is set up in a field two sides
Ditch, North and South direction, ditch depth should be separated in 2.0m, furrow width 2.5m, the bar ditch of field two sides by filling and row；Tanaka is opened with the machine of ploughing the first furrow as a guideline
Dig the dead furrow of width 40cm, depth 40cm, every dead furrow spacing 10m identical as bar ditch direction；Every 50m excavates the waist moisture in the soil of same specification,
It is vertical with bar ditch direction,
(2) empty to plough fertilizing season: to accomplish stalk whole chopping and returning after rice harvest, it is saline and alkaline greater than 3% for salinity
45cm is ploughed deeply on ground；Salt-soda soil of the salt content within 3%, ploughs deeply 35cm；After ploughing deeply, per acre application of organic fertilizers 900kg,
Urea 40kg, calcium superphosphate 20kg, the green manure plants such as plantation rye grass, clover, sesbania keep the covering of ground green, to promote
Green manure tiller, growth, while culture fertility.
(3) desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching: the rye grass whole chopping and returning that annual spring plants last year, and it is affixed by organic fertilizer 1100kg progress
Field L. chinensis, depth are usually 25cm, plough rear overlay film, and upper fresh water rinses field salt, and test PH is down within 6-7；Punching
It washes field salt to rinse by several times, 4~6 times, rinsing during bubble is macerated absolutely not is dehydrated field surface layer, and 10~15d is drained every time,
Ask field hondo dry, argillaceous soil is done to cracking, then bubble of pouring water is macerated, and rinses waterlayer control every time in 5~10cm.
(4) variety selection: selection salt is up to rice varieties more than 0.6% level, and seed purity is not less than 99%, germination
Rate is not less than 85%；
(5) cultivate strong seedling: seedling on the low soil of salt content, watery ricenursery rice shoot are wanted using soil moved in improve the original seedling raising method or around
Ask healthy and strong neat, 35~40d of the length of time rice seedlings grow, single plant tiller 2~3,6.0~6.5 leaf of leaf age；Transplanting rice shoot wants stem foot slightly flat, leaf
Piece blueness endures, and root polychrome is white, and the length of time rice seedlings grow is generally 15~20d, 15~18cm of plant height, 3.5~4 leaf of leaf age；
(6) flat field site preparation: 7 days before rice transplanting, taking off film, and smooth field is smooth, and height difference is no more than 3cm, first dryly smooth, then puts
Shallow seated groundwater is smooth, applies calcium superphosphate 750kg/hm2, ammonium hydrogen carbonate 450kg/hm2；
(7) plant rice density: Planting Densities be 20cm × 13.3cm, 4~6, every cave rice shoot, guarantee Basic Seedling 1,300,000~
1550000/hm2；
(8) top dressing: top dressing is tillering fertilizer 2 times, promotees fertilizers for potted flowers, ear manuer each 1 time, applies ammonium bicarbonate 300kg/hm2, rear 2 urine for first 2 times
Plain 75kg/hm2, including base manure apply nitrogen not less than 247.5kg/hm2 altogether；It will be in conjunction with rafting salt water, 1d draining, 2d when top dressing
Fertilising in afternoon, the moisturizing immediately of the 3d morning；
(9) water layer management: paddy growth early period (6.0~7.0 leaf), hot-dry season change a water every 7d, change water
Shi Qianci draining has to drain, and rainy season changes a water before heavy rain arrives every 11d and is allowed to dry field ponding to accumulate
The sky and water, middle and later periods water starch management take the mode of alternation of wetting and drying, i.e., first clear field ponding, cross 7d and fill new water, the middle and later periods changes water
It is spaced than 2-3d is extended early period, 10d is dehydrated before maturation, with benefit harvesting.
Experimental example
The coastal tidal that Cixi City of Zhejiang Province has large area to enclose tideland for cultivation gradually opens up wasteland rice cultivation.After measured, plantation water is opened up wasteland
Coastal saline-alkali soil is averaged the quick-acting nitrogen content 30.0mg/kg of 4.~6.1g/kg of the content of organic matter before rice, quick-acting potassium content
230.0~405.2mg/kg, 3.5~7.6mg/kg of available phosphorus content, total salt content 4.8~4.9g/kg, it is high up to 20.0~
30.0g/kg, pH 8.87, is planted in the following ways.
(1) water system is built: Coastal beach field 60m × 200m, the both ends in field set pour water trunk canal and arterial drainage, pour water
Trunk canal and arterial drainage are strictly separated, and are forbidden string to fill string row, are arranged/pour water trunk canal depth 2.3m, width 2.4m, item is set up in a field two sides
Ditch, North and South direction, ditch depth should be separated in 1.8m, furrow width 2.3m, the bar ditch of field two sides by filling and row；Tanaka is opened with the machine of ploughing the first furrow as a guideline
Dig the dead furrow of width 35cm, depth 37cm, every dead furrow spacing 7m identical as bar ditch direction；Every 50m excavates the waist moisture in the soil of same specification,
It is vertical with bar ditch direction,
(2) empty to plough fertilizing season: to accomplish stalk whole chopping and returning after rice harvest, it is saline and alkaline greater than 3% for salinity
42cm is ploughed deeply on ground；Salt-soda soil of the salt content within 3%, ploughs deeply 30cm；After ploughing deeply, per acre application of organic fertilizers 900kg,
Urea 40kg, calcium superphosphate 20kg plant rye grass, keep the covering of ground green, to promote green manure tiller, growth, train simultaneously
Fertile soil fertility.
(3) desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching: the rye grass whole chopping and returning that annual spring plants last year, and it is affixed by organic fertilizer 1500kg progress
Field L. chinensis, depth are usually 20cm, plough rear overlay film, and upper fresh water rinses field salt, and test PH is down within 6-7；Punching
It washes field salt to rinse by several times, 4~6 times, rinsing during bubble is macerated absolutely not is dehydrated field surface layer, and 10~15d is drained every time,
Ask field hondo dry, argillaceous soil is done to cracking, then bubble of pouring water is macerated, and rinses waterlayer control every time in 5~10cm.
(4) variety selection: selection salt is up to rice varieties more than 0.6% level, and seed purity is not less than 99%, germination
Rate is not less than 85%；
(5) cultivate strong seedling: seedling on the low soil of salt content, watery ricenursery rice shoot are wanted using soil moved in improve the original seedling raising method or around
Ask healthy and strong neat, 35~40d of the length of time rice seedlings grow, single plant tiller 2~3,6.0~6.5 leaf of leaf age；Transplanting rice shoot wants stem foot slightly flat, leaf
Piece blueness endures, and root polychrome is white, and the length of time rice seedlings grow is generally 15~20d, 15~18cm of plant height, 3.5~4 leaf of leaf age；
(6) flat field site preparation: 7 days before rice transplanting, taking off film, and smooth field is smooth, and height difference is no more than 3cm, first dryly smooth, then puts
Shallow seated groundwater is smooth, applies calcium superphosphate 750kg/hm2, ammonium hydrogen carbonate 450kg/hm2；
(7) plant rice density: Planting Densities be 20cm × 13.3cm, 4~6, every cave rice shoot, guarantee Basic Seedling 1,300,000~
1550000/hm2；
(8) top dressing: top dressing is tillering fertilizer 2 times, promotees fertilizers for potted flowers, ear manuer each 1 time, applies ammonium bicarbonate 300kg/hm2, rear 2 urine for first 2 times
Plain 75kg/hm2, including base manure apply nitrogen not less than 247.5kg/hm2 altogether；It will be in conjunction with rafting salt water, 1d draining, 2d when top dressing
Fertilising in afternoon, the moisturizing immediately of the 3d morning
(9) water layer management: paddy growth early period (6.0~7.0 leaf), hot-dry season change a water every 6d, change water
Shi Qianci draining has to drain, and rainy season changes a water before heavy rain arrives every 10d and is allowed to dry field ponding to accumulate
The sky and water, middle and later periods water starch management take the mode of alternation of wetting and drying, i.e., first clear field ponding, cross 6d and fill new water, the middle and later periods changes water
It is spaced than 2-3d is extended early period, 9d is dehydrated before maturation, with benefit harvesting.
If further encountering pest and disease damage, prevention and control are carried out using corresponding pest and disease damage prevention and control measure.
With the measures such as salt discharge, applying organic manure, green manuring and straw-returning of pouring water above, soil salt has been effectively facilitated
The reduction divided, soil physical and chemical property are improved.Simultaneously by selecting high-yield variety, the filling row that moisturizes, sowing ahead of time, increasing
Technologies, the paddy per mu yields such as application rate, reinforcement fertilizer and water management, chemical weed control and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control reach 700 kilograms or more,
Compared to 40% increase yield significantly is increased production before alkaline land improving, test is average organic with coastal saline-alkali soil after being planted with upper type
Matter content 7~10g/kg, quick-acting nitrogen content 50.0mg/kg, 300.0~505.2mg/kg of quick-acting potassium content, available phosphorus content 5.5
~9.6mg/kg, total salt content are improved down to 1g/kg, 7.2 soil conditions of pH.
Embodiments described above is a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Reality of the invention
The detailed description for applying example is not intended to limit the range of claimed invention, but is merely representative of selected implementation of the invention
Example.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts
Every other embodiment, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of cultural method for improving salt-soda soil seawater rice yielding ability, which is characterized in that comprise the steps of:
(1) water system is built: Coastal beach field 60m × 200m, the both ends in field set pour water trunk canal and arterial drainage, trunk canal of pouring water
It is strictly separated with arterial drainage, string is forbidden to fill string row, arterial drainage and trunk canal of pouring water deep 2~2.5m, width 2.3-2.5m, field two
Bar ditch are set up in side, and North and South direction, ditch depth should be in 1.5~2.0m, 2~2.5m of furrow width, and the bar ditch of field two sides are by filling and row point
It opens；
(2) empty to plough fertilizing season: to accomplish stalk whole chopping and returning after rice harvest, 3% is greater than for salinity mass percent
Salt-soda soil, plough deeply 40~45cm；Salt-soda soil of the salt content within mass percent 3%, ploughs deeply 25-35cm；
(3) desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching: the rye grass whole chopping and returning that annual spring plants last year, and be affixed by organic fertilizer and carry out field shallow plowing
It turns over, depth is usually 15-25cm, ploughs rear overlay film, and upper fresh water rinses field salt, and test pH is down within 6-7；
(4) variety selection: selection salt tolerance is not less than 99% up to rice varieties more than 0.6% level, seed purity, germination percentage
Not less than 85%；
(5) cultivate strong seedling: using soil moved in improve the original seedling raising method or the seedling on the low soil of salt content around, watery ricenursery rice shoot require strong
It is strong neat, 35~40d of the length of time rice seedlings grow, single plant tiller 2~3,6.0~6.5 leaf of leaf age；Transplanting rice shoot wants stem foot slightly flat, and blade is green
Very, root polychrome is white, and the length of time rice seedlings grow is 15~20d, 15~18cm of plant height, 3.5~4 leaf of leaf age；
(6) flat field site preparation: 5-7 days before rice transplanting, taking off film, and smooth field is smooth, and height difference is no more than 3cm, first dryly smooth, then puts shallow
Layer is horizontal whole, applies calcium superphosphate 750kg/hm2, ammonium hydrogen carbonate 450kg/hm2；
(7) appropriate dense planting: Planting Densities are 20cm × 13.3cm, 4~6, every cave rice shoot, guarantee Basic Seedling 1,300,000~1,550,000/
hm2；
(8) top dressing: top dressing is tillering fertilizer 2 times, promotees fertilizers for potted flowers, ear manuer each 1 time, applies ammonium bicarbonate 300kg/hm first 2 times2, rear 2 urea
75kg/hm2, including base manure applies nitrogen not less than 247.5kg/hm altogether2；
(9) water layer management: paddy growth early period, in 6.0~7.0 leaf phase, hot-dry season changes a water every 5~7d,
Previous draining has to drain when changing water, and rainy season changes a water before heavy rain arrives every 9~11d and is allowed to dry field ponding
To accumulate the sky and water, middle and later periods water starch management takes the mode of alternation of wetting and drying, i.e., first clears field ponding, crosses 5~7d and fills new water, in
Later period changes water spacer than 2~3d is extended early period, and 7~10d is dehydrated before maturation, with benefit harvesting.
2. the cultural method according to claim 1 for improving salt-soda soil seawater rice yielding ability, which is characterized in that the step
It (1) further include the dead furrow that a Tanaka excavates wide 30~40cm, depth 35-40cm with the machine of ploughing the first furrow as a guideline, every moisture in the soil identical as bar ditch direction in
5~10m of ditch spacing；Every 50m excavates the waist moisture in the soil of same specification, vertical with bar ditch direction.
3. the cultural method according to claim 1 for improving salt-soda soil seawater rice yielding ability, which is characterized in that the step
It (2) further include after ploughing deeply in, application of organic fertilizers, urea 40kg, calcium superphosphate 20kg, plant rye grass per acre, keep ground
Green covering, to promote green manure tiller, growth, while culture fertility.
4. the cultural method according to claim 1 for improving salt-soda soil seawater rice yielding ability, which is characterized in that the step
It (3) further include rinsing field salt to rinse by several times in, 4~6 times, rinsing during bubble is macerated absolutely not is dehydrated field surface layer, every time
10~15d draining, it is desirable that field hondo is dry, and argillaceous soil is done to cracking, then bubble of pouring water is macerated, rinse every time waterlayer control 5~
10cm。
5. the cultural method according to claim 1 for improving salt-soda soil seawater rice yielding ability, which is characterized in that the step
(2) organic fertilizer or in (3) is solubility in citric acid humic acid organic fertilizer, wherein by mass percentage, N+P2O5+K2O >=5% has
Machine matter >=70%, total humic acid >=28%.
6. the cultural method according to claim 1 for improving salt-soda soil seawater rice yielding ability, which is characterized in that the step
(2) organic fertilizer or in (3) is humic acid organic fertilizer, applies 800-1500kg per acre.
7. the cultural method according to claim 1 for improving salt-soda soil seawater rice yielding ability, which is characterized in that the step
(8) it to be drained in conjunction with rafting salt water, 1d when further including top dressing in, 2d applies fertilizer afternoon, the moisturizing immediately of the 3d morning.
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Application publication date: 20190215 |