CN109323917B - Experiment system and method for simulating explosive shock wave and single fragment composite load - Google Patents
Experiment system and method for simulating explosive shock wave and single fragment composite load Download PDFInfo
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- CN109323917B CN109323917B CN201811198825.3A CN201811198825A CN109323917B CN 109323917 B CN109323917 B CN 109323917B CN 201811198825 A CN201811198825 A CN 201811198825A CN 109323917 B CN109323917 B CN 109323917B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an experimental system and method for simulating explosive shock waves and single fragment composite load, which are characterized in that parameters such as density and length of a foamed aluminum bullet, diameter and depth of an open pore, length and diameter of a fragment simulation bullet, launching speed of a composite bullet and the like are determined according to parameters of the shock waves and the fragment composite load to be simulated; preparing the composite projectile according to the determined composite projectile parameters; and (4) ejecting the prepared composite projectile from the first-stage light gas gun at a determined speed, so as to form the required simulated shock wave and fragment composite load at the composite projectile landing target. The invention provides a method for simulating explosion power of a shell-contained explosion device for scientific research personnel and engineering design personnel. The method can be widely applied to the test simulation of the explosion impact load in the fields of transportation, safety protection, military and the like, can effectively save the test cost, and has considerable economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of explosion and impact load test loading, and particularly relates to an experiment system and method for simulating explosive shock waves and single fragment composite loads, in particular to a system and method for simulating loads generated by shell-loaded explosive explosion of real land mines, missiles, simple explosive devices and the like in a laboratory.
Background
The dynamic response of structures under the action of shell-contained explosive charges such as mines, missiles, simple explosive devices and the like is an important research subject widely existing in the fields of transportation, safety protection, military and the like, and is widely concerned by scientific researchers of various countries. However, experimental studies of this subject have lagged far behind both theoretical and numerical approaches. The reason is that high-energy explosives are often involved in shell-loaded explosive tests of mines, missiles, simple explosive devices and the like, and the loading mode has the defects of poor safety, special test sites, complex use technology, high cost and the like, and particularly the loading mode cannot be controlled.
Therefore, in order to frequently conduct experimental research under conventional test conditions, a safe, simple and economical loading technique capable of simultaneously simulating the shock wave and fragments generated by the explosion of a cased charge is urgently needed. The foam aluminum bullet impact loading technology can be used as an explosion loading alternative technology to realize the loading of explosion waves with different impulses, but has the defect that the coupling effect of shock waves and fragments cannot be simulated. The damage of the structure is more serious due to the coupling effect of the shock waves and the fragments, so that the research on the damage of the structure under the action of composite load is particularly important.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing an experimental system and method for simulating explosive shock waves and single fragment composite loads, aiming at the defects in the prior art, and the experimental system and method have the advantages of safety, simplicity, low cost and strong repeatability.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides an experimental system of simulation explosion shock wave and single fragment combined load, includes compound bullet, one-level light gas big gun and target plate, and compound bullet sets up in one-level light gas big gun, and the target plate passes through fixing device and sets up in one side of one-level light gas big gun, and compound bullet includes foamed aluminum pellet and fragment simulation bullet, and the embedding of fragment simulation bullet is in foamed aluminum pellet.
Optionally, an inner hole is formed in the foamed aluminum pellet, and the fragment simulation pellet is arranged in the inner hole and connected with the foamed aluminum pellet through an adhesive.
Further, the diameter D of the fragment simulating bomb1The calculation is as follows:
D1≤1/7D
wherein D is the diameter of the foamed aluminum shot, and the value of D is equal to the diameter of the gun barrel of the first-level light gas gun;
open pore diameter D of foamed aluminum shot2Comprises the following steps:
D1+0.3mm≤D2≤D1+0.5mm。
furthermore, the adhesive is vaseline which is arranged on the end face of the inner bottom surface of the inner hole, which is contacted with the fragment simulation bomb.
Optionally, the foamed aluminum pellet is obtained by cutting a foamed aluminum block with a porosity of 70-90%, the stress and the densification strain of a corresponding crushing platform are 1.2-6.2 MPa and 0.58-0.86 respectively, and the fragment simulation pellet is prepared from quenched 4340 steel or 945 steel.
Optionally, the high-pressure gas used by the first-stage light gas gun is nitrogen or helium.
Optionally, the target plate is a homogeneous plate, a sandwich plate or a laminated plate structure, and is made of metal or composite material.
The invention also provides an experimental method for simulating the explosive shock wave and the single fragment composite load, which utilizes the experimental system for simulating the explosive shock wave and the single fragment composite load and comprises the following steps:
s1, according to the shock wave and fragment composite load characteristics needing to be simulated, calculating the density rho of the foamed aluminum shot by utilizing the impulse I in unit area, the peak pressure P of the explosion shock wave needing to be simulated and the time difference delta t between the explosion shock wave and the fragment at the same positionfLength l, diameter and depth d of hole, length l of fragment simulating bombsDiameter and composite projectile launch velocity Vp；
S2, preparing the composite projectile according to the composite projectile parameters obtained in the S1;
s3, passing the composite projectile prepared in the step S2 through a first-level light gas gun at the launching speed V determined in the step S1pAnd shooting to a target plate, and forming a shock wave and fragment composite load at the target landing position of the composite projectile for test analysis.
Optionally, in step S1, the impulse per unit area I is calculated as follows:
I＝ρfVpl
wherein m is the fragment mass to be simulated, VfIs the velocity, S is the frontal area, VpIs the launch velocity, rho, of the composite projectilefAnd l is the density and length, rho, of the foamed aluminum pelletslsSimulating the areal density of the projectile for the fragment;
the peak pressure P of the blast shock wave to be simulated is calculated as follows:
where ρ isfIs the density, sigma, of foamed aluminum shotcAnd εDRespectively the crushing stress and the compact strain of the foamed aluminum;
the time difference Δ t between the arrival of the blast shock wave and the fragment at a same location is calculated as follows:
further, the crushing stress σ of the foamed aluminumcAnd a dense strain εDThe calculation is as follows:
σc＝0.3σy(ρf/ρ0)3/2
εD＝1-1.4(ρf/ρ0)
wherein σyIs the yield strength of the foamed aluminum matrix material;
the depth d of the inner bore of the foamed aluminum pellet is calculated as follows:
d＝VpΔt。
compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides an experimental system for combined loading of shock waves and fragments, which comprises foamed aluminum projectiles with inner holes, fragment simulation projectiles, a primary light gas gun system for launching the composite projectiles and a target plate, wherein the composite projectiles are arranged in the primary light gas gun, the target plate is fixed through a fixing device, and the composite projectiles are arranged in the foamed aluminum projectiles from the fragment simulation projectiles. Different from the composite load of shock waves and fragments generated by high-energy high-risk explosives such as explosives, the composite load of shock waves and fragments generated by impact loading of a foamed aluminum-fragment simulation bomb has the advantages of safety, simplicity, low cost, strong repeatability and the like, and not only can realize the composite load loading of different TNT mass-to-shell mass ratios, but also can simulate the composite load at different explosion distances.
Furthermore, in order to make the fragment simulation bomb effectively eject the holes of the foamed aluminum projectile when the composite bomb impacts the target plate, the diameter of the open hole is slightly larger than the diameter of the fragment simulation bomb, the diameter of the open hole is recommended to be larger by 0.3-0.5 mm, and in order to avoid the influence of the too large diameter of the open hole in the foamed aluminum projectile on the deformation of the foamed aluminum projectile, the diameter of the open hole is smaller than one seventh of the diameter of the foamed aluminum projectile.
Furthermore, in order to fix the foamed aluminum shot and the fragment simulation bomb and not influence the ejection of the fragment simulation bomb, Vaseline is adopted for bonding the two.
Further, in order to ensure the compressibility of the foamed aluminum pellet, the foamed aluminum pellet is made of a foamed aluminum block with the porosity of 70-90%, and the stress and the compaction strain of the crushing platform are 1.2-6.2 MPa and 0.58-0.86 respectively.
Further, in order to truly simulate the material of the hull in the hull explosion, the fragment simulating bomb is made of quenched 4340 steel or 945 steel.
Further, the target plate may be a homogeneous plate, a sandwich plate, a laminate plate, or the like, depending on the subject of the test.
The invention also discloses an experimental method for simulating the action of the explosive shock wave and the composite load of the single fragment, which determines the parameters of the density and the length of the foamed aluminum projectile, the diameter and the depth of the open pore, the length and the diameter of the fragment simulation projectile, the launching speed of the composite projectile and the like according to the parameters of the shock wave and the composite load of the fragment to be simulated; preparing the composite projectile according to the determined composite projectile parameters; the invention provides a simple and feasible method for scientific research personnel and engineering design personnel, which can simulate the shock wave fragment composite loads generated by the cased explosive with different TNT mass-to-casing mass ratios at different explosion distances.
In conclusion, the method can be widely applied to test simulation of explosion impact loads with shell explosion sources in the fields of transportation, safety protection, military and the like, and can effectively save test cost.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a test system for simulating shock waves and fragment composite loads based on a foamed aluminum fragment simulation bomb according to the invention;
fig. 2 is a sectional view of the composite projectile of the present invention.
Wherein: 2. foamed aluminum shot; 3. breaking the simulation bomb; 4. a first-stage light gas gun; 5. a target plate; 6. a fixing device; 7. and (3) an adhesive.
Detailed Description
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "one side", "one end", "one side", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The invention provides an experimental system and method for simulating explosive shock waves and single fragment composite loads. Determining the density and length of the foamed aluminum projectile, the diameter and depth of an opening, the length and diameter of a fragment simulation projectile, the launching speed of the composite projectile and other parameters according to the parameters of the shock wave and fragment composite load to be simulated; preparing the composite projectile according to the determined composite projectile parameters; and (4) ejecting the prepared composite projectile from the first-stage light gas gun at a determined speed, so as to form the required simulated shock wave fragment composite load at the composite projectile landing target.
Referring to fig. 1, the experimental system for simulating an explosive shock wave and a single fragment composite load of the invention comprises a composite projectile, a first-level light gas gun 4 and a target plate 5, wherein the composite projectile is arranged in the first-level light gas gun 4, and the target plate 5 is arranged on one side of the first-level light gas gun 4 through a fixing device 6.
Referring to fig. 2, the composite projectile includes a foamed aluminum projectile 2 and a fragment simulation projectile 3, the foamed aluminum projectile 2 is provided with an inner hole, the fragment simulation projectile 3 follows the fragment simulation projectile standard and is embedded into the inner hole of the foamed aluminum projectile 2, the foamed aluminum projectile 2 and the fragment simulation projectile 3 are bonded by using an adhesive 7, a fixing device 6 includes a clip or a bolt, and a target plate 5 is fixed on one side of a first-stage light gas gun 4 in a clamping or bolt connection manner.
Wherein, the inner hole of the foamed aluminum pellet 2 is processed by adopting an electric spark cutting mode, and the diameter D of the inner hole23-diameter D of fragment simulation bomb larger than or equal to10.3-0.5 mm, and the diameter D of the inner hole11/7 which is less than or equal to the diameter D of the foamed aluminum pellet 2.
Diameter D of fragment simulation bomb 31ComputingThe following were used:
D1≤1/7D
the open pore diameter D of the foamed aluminum pellet 22Comprises the following steps:
D1+0.3mm≤D2≤D1+0.5mm
wherein D is the diameter of the foamed aluminum shot 2, and the value of D is equal to the diameter of the gun barrel of the first-level light gas gun.
Optionally, the foamed aluminum pellet 2 is obtained by cutting a foamed aluminum block with a porosity of 70-90%, the stress and the compaction strain of a corresponding crushing platform are 1.2-6.2 MPa and 0.58-0.86 respectively, and the fragment simulation pellet 3 is prepared from quenched 4340 steel, 945 steel and the like.
Alternatively, the adhesive 7 is vaseline.
Optionally, the high-pressure gas used by the first-stage light gas cannon 4 is nitrogen or helium.
Optionally, the target plate 5 is a homogeneous plate, a sandwich plate or a laminated plate waiting for research, and is made of metal or composite materials.
The invention relates to an experimental method for simulating explosive shock waves and single fragment composite loads, which comprises the following steps of:
s1, calculating the density and length of the foamed aluminum shot, the diameter and depth of the open pore, the length and diameter of the fragment simulation shot, the launching speed of the composite shot and other parameters according to the characteristics of the shock wave and fragment composite load to be simulated;
the impulse per unit area I is calculated as follows:
I＝ρfVpl
wherein m is the fragment mass to be simulated, VfIs the velocity, S is the frontal area, ρfAnd l is the density and length of the foamed aluminum pellet, t is the action time to be simulated, rhosAnd lsDensity and length, rho, of the fragment simulating projectileslsSimulating areal density, σ, of the projectile for fragmentationcAnd εDThe crushing stress and the dense strain of the foamed aluminum are respectively calculated as follows:
σc＝0.3σy(ρf/ρ0)3/2
εD＝1-1.4(ρf/ρ0)
wherein σyIs the yield strength of the foamed aluminum matrix material;
the peak pressure P of the blast shock wave to be simulated is calculated as follows:
where ρ isfIs the density of foamed aluminum shot, VpIs the launch velocity of the composite projectile,
the time difference Δ t between the arrival of the blast shock wave and the fragment at a same location is calculated as follows:
the depth d of the inner hole of the foamed aluminum pellet can be delta t and the launching velocity V of the composite pellet from the time difference of the explosion shock wave and the time difference of the fragment reaching a certain same positionpThe following were determined:
d＝VpΔt。
s2, preparing the composite projectile according to each parameter of the composite projectile obtained in the S1;
and S3, shooting the composite projectile prepared in the step S2 to a target plate through a first-level light gas gun at the shooting speed determined in the step S1, and forming a shock wave and fragment composite load at the target landing position of the composite projectile.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
To simulate the composite load at 2m on detonation of a 100kg shelled bomb containing TNT 50%, the loading parameters for the bomb at 2m were first calculated: the shock wave peak value is 12MPa, the attenuation time is 1.4ms, and the fragment specific kinetic energy of 8g is 2.3MJ/m2The time interval between the shock wave and the fragment at 2m is 0.24 ms. And calculating according to the parameters to obtain the following parameters of the composite projectile: the density of the foamed aluminum pellet is 270kg/m3The stress of the crushing platform is 1.2MPa, the length is 98.0mm, the diameter of the opening is 8.4mm, the depth of the opening is 65.0mm, the length of the fragment simulation bomb is 20.0mm, the diameter of the fragment simulation bomb is 8.0mm, and the launching speed of the composite projectile is 170 m/s.
Composite projectiles were prepared according to the parameters of the composite projectiles obtained above and fired from a primary gas gun at a velocity of 170m/s to develop the desired composite load at the pellet landing.
Example 2
To simulate the composite load at 0.5m upon detonation of an 8kg mine containing 50% TNT, the load parameter at 0.5m after detonation of the mine was first calculated: the peak value of the shock wave is 66MPa, the decay time is 0.35ms, and the fragment specific kinetic energy of 2g is 3.2MJ/m2The time interval between the shock wave and the fragment reaching 0.5m is 0.05 ms. And calculating according to the parameters to obtain the following parameters of the composite projectile: the density of the foamed aluminum pellet is 324kg/m3The stress of the crushing platform is 1.7MPa, the length of the crushing platform is 70mm, the diameter of the opening is 8.4mm, the depth of the opening is 25mm, the length of the fragment simulation bomb is 5mm, the diameter of the fragment simulation bomb is 8mm, and the launching speed of the composite bomb is 400 m/s.
Composite projectiles were prepared according to the parameters of the composite projectiles obtained above and fired from a primary gas gun at a speed of 400m/s to develop the desired composite load at the pellet landing.
The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. Simulation explosion shock wave and single fragmentation combined load's experimental system, a serial communication port, including compound bullet, one-level light gas big gun (4) and target plate (5), compound bullet sets up in one-level light gas big gun (4), target plate (5) are passed through fixing device (6) and are set up in one side of one-level light gas big gun (4), compound bullet includes foamed aluminum pellet (2) and fragmentation simulation bullet (3), fragmentation simulation bullet (3) embedding is in foamed aluminum pellet (2), it has the hole to open on foamed aluminum pellet (2), fragmentation simulation bullet (3) set up in the hole, be connected with foamed aluminum pellet (2) through bonding agent (7), the diameter D of fragmentation simulation bullet (3) is connected1The calculation is as follows:
D1≤1/7D
wherein D is the diameter of the foamed aluminum shot (2), and the value of D is equal to the diameter of the gun barrel of the first-level light gas gun;
open pore diameter D of foamed aluminum shot (2)2Comprises the following steps:
D1+0.3mm≤D2≤D1+0.5mm
the foamed aluminum pellet (2) is obtained by cutting a foamed aluminum block with the porosity of 70-90%, the stress and the compaction strain of a corresponding crushing platform are 1.2-6.2 MPa and 0.58-0.86 respectively, and the fragment simulation pellet (3) is prepared from quenched 4340 steel or 945 steel.
2. An experimental system for simulating explosive blasts and composite loading of individual fragments according to claim 1, characterized in that the adhesive (7) is vaseline arranged on the inner bottom surface of the inner hole at the end surface in contact with the fragment simulating projectile (3).
3. The experimental system for simulating the blast shock wave and the composite loading of the single fragment according to claim 1, wherein the high-pressure gas adopted by the first-stage light gas cannon (4) is nitrogen or helium.
4. The experimental system for simulating detonation shock waves and single fragment composite loads according to claim 1, characterized in that the target plate (5) is a homogeneous plate, a sandwich plate or a laminated plate structure, and is made of metal or composite materials.
5. An experimental method for simulating explosive shock waves and single fragment composite loads, which is characterized in that the experimental system for simulating the explosive shock waves and the single fragment composite loads, which is disclosed by claim 1, is used, and comprises the following steps:
s1, according to the shock wave and fragment composite load characteristics needing to be simulated, calculating the density rho of the foamed aluminum shot by utilizing the impulse I in unit area, the peak pressure P of the explosion shock wave needing to be simulated and the time difference delta t between the explosion shock wave and the fragment at the same positionfLength l, diameter and depth d of hole, length l of fragment simulating bombsDiameter and composite projectile launch velocity Vp；
S2, preparing the composite projectile according to the composite projectile parameters obtained in the S1;
s3, passing the composite projectile prepared in the step S2 through a first-level light gas gun at the launching speed V determined in the step S1pAnd shooting to a target plate, and forming a shock wave and fragment composite load at the target landing position of the composite projectile for test analysis.
6. An experimental method for simulating explosive shock waves and composite loading of single fragments according to claim 5, characterized in that in step S1, the impulse per unit area I is calculated as follows:
I＝ρfVpl
wherein m is the fragment mass to be simulated, VfIs the velocity, S is the frontal area, VpIs the launch velocity, rho, of the composite projectilefAnd l is the density of the foamed aluminum pellet andlength, pslsSimulating the areal density of the projectile for the fragment;
the peak pressure P of the blast shock wave to be simulated is calculated as follows:
where ρ isfIs the density, sigma, of foamed aluminum shotcAnd εDRespectively the crushing stress and the compact strain of the foamed aluminum;
the time difference Δ t between the arrival of the blast shock wave and the fragment at a same location is calculated as follows:
7. the experimental method for simulating explosive shock waves and single fragment composite loads according to claim 6, wherein the crushing stress σ of the foamed aluminum iscAnd a dense strain εDThe calculation is as follows:
σc＝0.3σy(ρf/ρ0)3/2
εD＝1-1.4(ρf/ρ0)
wherein σyIs the yield strength, rho, of the foamed aluminum matrix material0Is the density of the foamed aluminum;
the depth d of the inner bore of the foamed aluminum pellet is calculated as follows:
d＝VpΔt。
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