CN109312693A - 用于汽油和柴油内燃发动机的氢化液体燃料生产和高气压燃料导入*** - Google Patents

用于汽油和柴油内燃发动机的氢化液体燃料生产和高气压燃料导入*** Download PDF

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CN109312693A
CN109312693A CN201780032584.2A CN201780032584A CN109312693A CN 109312693 A CN109312693 A CN 109312693A CN 201780032584 A CN201780032584 A CN 201780032584A CN 109312693 A CN109312693 A CN 109312693A
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hydrogen
hyperbar
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哈维·K·圣玛丽
詹姆斯·A·沙迪克
罗斯·康奈尔
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Salos Energy Solutions Co
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M37/00Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M37/0047Layout or arrangement of systems for feeding fuel
    • F02M37/0064Layout or arrangement of systems for feeding fuel for engines being fed with multiple fuels or fuels having special properties, e.g. bio-fuels; varying the fuel composition
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0663Details on the fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02D19/0673Valves; Pressure or flow regulators; Mixers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/10Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding acetylene, non-waterborne hydrogen, non-airborne oxygen, or ozone
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/10Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding acetylene, non-waterborne hydrogen, non-airborne oxygen, or ozone
    • F02M25/12Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding acetylene, non-waterborne hydrogen, non-airborne oxygen, or ozone the apparatus having means for generating such gases
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M37/00Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M37/0047Layout or arrangement of systems for feeding fuel
    • F02M37/0052Details on the fuel return circuit; Arrangement of pressure regulators
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M37/00Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M37/0076Details of the fuel feeding system related to the fuel tank
    • F02M37/0082Devices inside the fuel tank other than fuel pumps or filters
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M37/00Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M37/04Feeding by means of driven pumps
    • F02M37/14Feeding by means of driven pumps the pumps being combined with other apparatus
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M37/00Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M37/04Feeding by means of driven pumps
    • F02M37/18Feeding by means of driven pumps characterised by provision of main and auxiliary pumps
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0639Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels
    • F02D19/0642Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels at least one fuel being gaseous, the other fuels being gaseous or liquid at standard conditions
    • F02D19/0644Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels at least one fuel being gaseous, the other fuels being gaseous or liquid at standard conditions the gaseous fuel being hydrogen, ammonia or carbon monoxide
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0663Details on the fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/08Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels
    • F02D19/081Adjusting the fuel composition or mixing ratio; Transitioning from one fuel to the other
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

一种高气压燃料***(10a,10b),该高气压燃料***生产用于压缩或火花点火发动机的燃烧反应的氢化液体燃料(30)并在无需对现有的燃料***进行重大改变的情况下提高化石燃料效率。氢化液体燃料(30)减少NOx、CO和未燃烧的碳氢微粒物质,并且减少液体燃料(26)的消耗。该***生产氢气(18)并且使用位于液体燃料供应装置与向燃料喷射器(40)供应氢化液体燃料(30)的燃料泵(28)之间的包括高气压混合室(58)在内的若干室来使氢气(18)溶解在液体燃料(26)中。未使用的氢气(18)和氢化液体燃料(30)被再循环以将效率损失降到最低。***优选地包括贮水器和电解装置以产生氢气。

Description

用于汽油和柴油内燃发动机的氢化液体燃料生产和高气压燃 料导入***
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2017年5月25日提交的、序列号为62/341,228的美国临时专利申请的优先权,该申请通过引用全文并入本文中。
技术领域
本发明涉及内燃发动机燃料并且特别地涉及在无需对现有的燃料***进行重大改变的情况下提高化石燃料效率的高气压燃料***(hyperbaric fuel system)。
背景技术
已知的***已经试图将氢气通过进气口或通过一些其他的进气方法输送至燃烧室。氢的性能使得已知的进气***失去大量的氢气、使得难以实现测定量的氢的适当引入,并且迄今为止还没有提出始终将最佳量的氢气输送至燃烧室的***,也没有以有利于在道路上应用的方式将最佳量的氢气输送至燃烧室的***。进气方法没有被证明是实际的或有效的。因此,市场上仍然没有值得注意的用于内燃发动机的氢化燃料喷射***。
发明内容
本发明通过提供下述高气压燃料***来解决以上和其他需求:该高气压燃料***生产用于压缩或火花点火发动机的燃烧反应的氢化液体燃料并在无需对现有的燃料***进行重大改变的情况下提高化石燃料效率。氢化液体燃料降低NOx、CO和未燃烧的碳氢微粒物质,并且减少化石燃料的消耗。该***生产氢气并且使用位于液体燃料供应装置与向燃料喷射器供应氢化液体燃料的燃料泵之间的包括高气压室在内的若干室来使氢气溶解在液体燃料中。未使用的氢气和氢化液体燃料被再循环以将效率损失降到最低。***优选地包括贮水器和电解装置以产生氢气。
根据本发明的一个方面,提供了高气压混合室。氢气被生产、压缩并以预定的压力输送到高气压混合室中,这导致氢气压缩并悬浮在化石燃料中。氢气并非被喷射到移动的燃料流中,而相反地在***中被向前引导之前在高气压室中被溶解/悬浮并且由此附至液体燃料基材内的碳分子。给定申请中呈现的已经存在的燃料***可以被调整/调节成经由氢化化石燃料补偿被带至燃烧室的额外的能量,这将进一步有助于在减少燃料消耗和总体排放方面的改进。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了用于将氢气直接引入到液体燃料基材中并且向内燃发动机的燃料喷射器供应氢化液体燃料以及使氢化液体燃料从内燃发动机的燃料喷射器循环的***。该***使氢气在压力下溶解到液体汽油或液体柴油中,就像将二氧化碳溶解在液体中以制作碳酸饮料。在压力下,氢气在液体燃料基材中溶解、分化并附至碳分子,从而在分子水平形成C-H键。溶解/悬浮在液体化石燃料中的氢往往保持溶解,直到在存在大气或一些其他逸出方式的位置处被搅动为止。在内燃发动机的燃料喷射***中的液体燃料中溶解的氢的存在是安全的并且提高了发动机效率。
根据本发明的又一方面,提供了双燃料(氢化化石燃料)产生***。在高气压室中生产双燃料就氢气的使用而言比试图通过喷射通过进气口或在压力作用下喷射移动的或非静态的燃料流中来引入空气有效得多。由于在液体燃料基材中由环境或燃料泵操作引起的层状气流或气穴而没有损失。由于在没有外部动力使产物震动的情况下,内部压力通过其压缩的氢含量而仍然存在,因而包含在高气压形成的双燃料中的能量在高气压混合室中的压力被释放时仍然存在。这可以被称为具有额外能量的静态增压作用。
根据本发明的再一方面,提供了氢导入产生及输送***。在机上通过电解水生产氢气。水是导电的,即它包含碳酸氢钠或一些其他的导体。氢导入产生及输送***除了水以外不需要任何燃料添加剂。
附图说明
根据结合以下附图提出的本发明的以下更具体的描述,本发明的以上和其他的方面、特征和优点将变得更加明显,在附图中:
图1示出了根据本发明的运用燃料泵压缩的氢导入***。
图2示出了根据本发明的运用高气压混合室压缩的氢导入***。
贯穿附图的若干视图,对应的附图标记表示对应的部件。
具体实施方式
以下描述是当前考虑用于实施本发明的具体实施方式。该描述不是在限制意义上进行的,而是仅出于描述本发明的一个或更多个优选实施方式的目的而做出的。本发明的范围应当参照权利要求来确定。
在术语“约”或“大致”与本发明的元件相关联的情况下,术语“约”或“大致”意在对给予人眼睛或人感官的特征外貌进行描述,而不是精确的测量。
图1中示出了运用燃料泵压缩的第一氢导入***10a。氢发生器12通过电解水生产氢气18和氧气16并且在氢分离器14中将氢气18与不期望的微粒和碎屑分离。由氢发生器12产生的氢气18经过冷却器20、输入口22和燃料罐24(容纳液体燃料26)并且进入到高压力燃料泵28中。高压力燃料泵28使氢气18溶解在液体燃料33中以生产氢化燃料30。氢分子在高压力燃料泵28中被压缩并且随着氢化燃料30被运载并由高压力燃料泵28泵送至喷射器40。未使用的燃料44经过压力调节器42、冷却器46并且通过输入口22进入燃料罐26。
氢气18和液体燃料26利用使氢气18溶解到液体燃料26中的燃料泵28内的压力被抽吸到燃料泵28中,从而生产氢化燃料30,其中,氢化燃料30中的氢饱和度取决于燃料泵28的压力水平。
图2示出了运用高气压混合室压缩的第二氢导入***10d。氢发成器12通过电解水生产氢气18和氧气16并且在氢分离器14中将氢气18与16分离。氢气18经过冷却器20、止回阀50a、压缩机52、接近通风口/控制件54并且通过喷嘴56进入到高气压混合室58中。
液体燃料罐60提供有通过燃料泵92、止回阀50b和接近控制件66并且进入到高气压混合室58中的液体燃料62,在高气压混合室58中,通过在由压缩机52和喷嘴56产生的压力作用下使氢气18溶解在液体燃料62中而生产氢化液体燃料30。由较高压力的压缩机52、喷嘴56与较低压力的止回阀50c产生的压力差推动氢化液体燃料30通过止回阀50c而到达压力调节器68和接近控制件70并且进入到氢化燃料囊72中。氢化液体燃料30从燃料囊72被燃料喷射泵74获取并且被发送至燃料喷射器40。
对于包括燃料返回***的内燃发动机而言,返回的氢化液体燃料30从喷射器返回,通过压力调节器42和冷却器46、通过止回阀50d到达燃料囊48,在燃料囊48处,返回的氢化液体燃料30可以被燃料泵88获取并通过接近控制件66被再次引入至高气压混合室58。
接近控制件66包括接近开关和关闭/打开控制件,并且接近控制件66确定何时高气压混合室58充满液体燃料,并且接着切断液体燃料62向高气压混合室58中的流动。接近控制件66还确定何时高气压混合室58中的液体燃料的量较低,并且打开以允许额外的液体燃料62和返回燃料44流动到高气压混合室58中。接近控制件66的三重目的是:在高气压混合室58中保持充足的液体燃料62和返回燃料44以将氢气18溶解在液体燃料中;防止在高压力条件下从高气压混合室58回流;以及使氢化液体燃料30从氢化燃料囊48再循环回到高气压混合室58中。氢气18通过在高气压混合室58中将氢气18压缩到液体燃料62中而溶解在液体燃料62中。
氢分离器14提供下述水浴过程(bath process),在该水浴过程中,氢气18循环通过水以去除由电解引起的不期望的微粒和碎屑。由于在从水中提取氢时存在电容能,因而电解形成使水微粒向前的压力。氢分离器14从电解形成的氢气18中去除水微粒。随着氢气18的产生,电压压力随着氢气以一速度逸出而上升,从而推动氢气18前面的微粒。
氢化燃料30由燃料泵74泵送通过燃料线并到达燃料喷射器40以引入到燃烧室中。从喷射器40返回的氢化燃料44被供给通过压力调节器42并通过冷却器46以移除不期望的热,接着通过止回阀50d被引导回到燃料囊48中。
接近控制件54包括用于氢气的接近开关和关闭/打开控制件。当接近控制件54确定高气压混合室58充满液体燃料时,接近控制件54将氢气通过喷嘴56引入到高气压混合室58中。
高气压混合室58呈球形或筒形。在高气压混合室58内部发生压缩反应。被喷射到高气压混合室58中的加压氢气18使高气压混合室58内部的压力增大,由此将氢气18溶解到液体燃料62中。液体燃料因此被“氢化”,或者被充注有氢。氢气在液体燃料基材内被微粒化/溶解并附至各个碳分子,从而在碳分子与氢分子之间形成键。根据氢气被压缩并喷射到高气压混合室58中的压力,可以实现液体燃料内的更高或更低的氢饱和度。
当接近控制件54确定高气压混合室58达到所需要的内部压力时,接近控制件54将氢气的环境压力与高气压混合室58通风,由此释放压缩的氢化液体燃料30周围的大气,并且利用在氢化燃料30被排放到囊72中之后保留在高气压混合室58中的氢气。排出的氢气被返回以供将来使用,由此保留可利用的氢气。
氢化液体燃料30从高气压混合室58通过止回阀50c、压力调节器68和接近控制件70被排放至囊72。接近控制件70包括接近开关并且用于确定氢化燃料囊72是否充满以及通过从高气压混合室58抽吸燃料以保持氢化燃料囊72充满的双重目的。止回阀50c与压缩机52和喷嘴56的组合压力之间的压力差形成使氢化液体燃料30从高气压混合室向前移动的前进压力。压力调节器68将氢化液体燃料30以低压力输送到燃料囊72中。
燃料泵74从燃料囊72获取氢化液体燃料30并且将氢化液体燃料30通过现有的燃料线引导至燃料喷射器40,在燃料喷射器40处,溶解在氢化液体燃料30中的氢逸出并且在发动机中参与燃烧过程以实现完全且有效的燃烧。
每当燃料囊72包含不足量的氢化液体燃料30来支持发动机操作时,旁路36允许燃料泵74从燃料罐60直接抽吸液体燃料62。
氢气与液体燃料的混合可以在一定压力范围内执行以获得氢化燃料中所需量的溶解氢气,进而使车辆排放降到最低。有限的测试已经表明使车辆排放降到最低的优选压力在60至120磅每平方英寸(PSIG)之间,更优选范围在80至110PSIG之间,并且最优选压力为约90PSIG。
工业适用性
本发明在增强燃料领域中发现工业适用性。
本发明的范围
尽管已经借助于具体实施方式及其应用对本文中公开的发明进行了描述,但是在不脱离权利要求中所阐述的本发明的范围的情况下,本领域技术人员可以对本发明做出许多改型和变型。

Claims (19)

1.一种燃料***,包括:
氢源,所述氢源提供氢气;
液体燃料罐,所述液体燃料罐容纳液体燃料;
高压力混合室,所述高压力混合室与所述氢源流体连通以接纳所述氢气并且与所述液体燃料源流体连通以接纳所述液体燃料,所述混合室构造成使所述氢气溶解在所述液体燃料中以产生氢化燃料;以及
燃料喷射器,所述燃料喷射器与所述高压力混合室流体连通以接纳所述氢化燃料并且将所述氢化燃料喷射到发动机中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的燃料***,其中,所述高压力混合室是向所述燃料喷射器提供高压氢化燃料流的高压力燃料泵。
3.根据权利要求2所述的燃料***,其中,所述高压力燃料泵至少部分地位于所述液体燃料罐中。
4.根据权利要求2所述的燃料***,其中,冷却器顺次地位于所述氢源与所述高压力燃料泵之间。
5.根据权利要求4所述的燃料***,其中,未使用的氢化燃料顺次地通过压力调节器、冷却器并且进入到所述液体燃料罐中。
6.根据权利要求1所述的燃料***,其中:
所述高压力混合室是高气压混合室;
所述高气压混合室通过止回阀和压力调节器与氢化燃料囊流体连通;以及
所述氢化燃料囊通过喷射燃料泵与所述燃料喷射器流体连通。
7.根据权利要求6所述的燃料***,其中,所述氢气通过高压力压缩机与所述高气压混合室流体连通。
8.根据权利要求7所述的燃料***,其中,所述氢气顺次地通过冷却器和止回阀流体连通在所述氢源与所述高压力压缩机之间。
9.根据权利要求8所述的燃料***,其中,所述氢气通过喷嘴被引入到所述高气压混合室中。
10.根据权利要求9所述的燃料***,还包括第一接近控制件,所述第一接近控制件构造成允许所述氢气在所述高气压混合室充满所述流体燃料时流动到所述高气压混合室中。
11.根据权利要求6所述的燃料***,其中,未使用的返回燃料顺次地通过返回燃料压力调节器、返回燃料冷却器和返回燃料止回阀流体连通在所述喷射燃料泵与返回燃料囊之间。
12.根据权利要求11所述的燃料***,其中,所述液体燃料罐和所述返回燃料囊通过第三接近控制件与所述高气压混合室流体连通,所述第三接近控制件构造成允许所述液体燃料和所述返回燃料流动到所述高气压混合室中以保持足量的所述液体燃料来继续使所述氢气溶解在所述液体燃料中,并且所述第三接近控制件构造成防止从所述高气压混合室回流。
13.根据权利要求6所述的燃料***,其中,所述氢化燃料包括在所述液体燃料内被微粒化/溶解并附至各个碳分子从而在碳分子与氢分子之间形成键的氢气。
14.一种用于以氢化液体燃料操作内燃发动机的方法,所述方法包括:
提供氢源;
提供液体燃料;
以高压力使所述氢气与所述液体燃料在高气压混合室中混合以形成氢化燃料;
通过燃料喷射泵将所述氢化燃料泵送至内燃发动机的燃料喷射器;以及
使未使用的氢化燃料再循环至所述高气压混合室。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其中:
使所述氢气顺次地通过第一冷却器、第一止回阀、压缩机和第一接近控制件被提供给所述高气压混合室;
使所述液体燃料顺次地通过燃料泵、第二止回阀和第二接近控制件被提供给所述高气压混合室;
使所述氢化燃料顺次地通过压力调节器、第三接近控制件和第一囊被提供给所述喷射器;以及
使所述未使用的氢化燃料顺次地通过第二压力调节器、第二冷却器、第四止回阀、第二囊和所述第二接近控制件被再循环至所述高气压混合室。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其中,所述高气压混合室中的压力在60至120磅每平方英寸(PSIG)之间。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其中,所述高气压混合室中的压力在80至110磅每平方英寸之间。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其中,所述高气压混合室中的压力为约90磅每平方英寸。
19.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其中,所述氢化燃料包括在所述液体燃料内被微粒化/溶解并附至各个碳分子从而在碳分子与氢分子之间形成键的氢气。
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