CN109311547A - 用于制造纤维素产品的方法、纤维素产品成形设备以及纤维素产品 - Google Patents
用于制造纤维素产品的方法、纤维素产品成形设备以及纤维素产品 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109311547A CN109311547A CN201780030539.3A CN201780030539A CN109311547A CN 109311547 A CN109311547 A CN 109311547A CN 201780030539 A CN201780030539 A CN 201780030539A CN 109311547 A CN109311547 A CN 109311547A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- cellulose
- blank
- forming
- products
- unit
- Prior art date
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- Granted
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Classifications
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C43/003—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
- B29C43/02—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C43/20—Making multilayered or multicoloured articles
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- B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
- B29C43/32—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C43/36—Moulds for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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- B29C43/32—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
- B29C43/32—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C43/32—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C49/22—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor using multilayered preforms or parisons
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
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Abstract
一种用于制造纤维素产品的方法,包括以下步骤:在干燥成形单元中干燥成形纤维素坯料;将纤维素坯料布置在成形模具中;将纤维素坯料加热到100℃至200℃范围内的成形温度;以及在成形模具中以至少1MPa的成形压力压制所述纤维素坯料。
Description
技术领域
本公开涉及由纤维素纤维制造纤维素产品的方法。本公开进一步涉及纤维素产品成形设备和纤维素产品。
背景技术
存在许多需要提供由可持续材料制成的扁平或基本上非扁平形状的物体的情形。扁平形状可以指大体二维(2D)形状,诸如例如片材或坯料的形状,且基本上非扁平形状可以指任何合适的三维(3D)物体形状。一种这样的情况涉及液体,干燥材料和不同类型的商品的包装,其中包装可以制成三维形状或者由二维片材成形为三维形状。
当包装敏感商品时,诸如机械高精度商品、电子装置和其他家用和五金商品,需要保护性包装以避免在运输,储存或其他处理过程中由于例如机械冲击、振动或压缩引起的敏感商品的损坏。这种包装通常需要具有适合于所容纳的商品的形状的保护性***件,并因此将商品牢固地保持在包装中。这种***件通常由发泡聚苯乙烯(EPS)制成,其是轻质石油衍生材料并且不被视为可持续材料。
通常用于包装***件的低价材料是模制纸浆。模制纸浆具有被认为是可持续包装材料的优点,因为它由生物材料制成并且可以在使用后再循环。因此,对于初级和二级包装应用(紧挨着物品的包装和这种包装的组装),模制纸浆已经快速增加。模制纸浆物品通常通过将抽吸模具浸入到纸浆悬浮液中形成,同时施加抽吸,由此通过纤维沉积形成具有期望物品形状的纸浆本体。然后从悬浮液中取出抽吸模具,并且通常在排出剩余的液体的同时继续抽吸以压实沉积的纤维。
所有湿法成形技术的共同缺点是需要干燥模制产品,这是耗费时间和能量的步骤。另一个缺点是,通常解释为氢键的强的纤维间结合形成在材料中的纤维之间,这限制了材料的柔性。
此外,许多现代精益生产线需要在线和按需包装或部件制造,其中湿法成形处理不是优选的。
最近,开发了新的基于纤维的材料,其目的是使得能够干燥成形三维物体。WO2014/142714 A1中公开了一种方法,其中干法成网的复合材料网状物是用于热成形三维形状的物体的中间产品,包括40-95%重量的CTMP纤维、5-50%重量的热塑性材料和0-10%重量的添加剂,其中干法成网的复合材料网状物浸渍有分散体、乳状液或含有热塑性材料、聚合物的溶液,并干燥,得到50-250kg/m3,的密度,或者如果通过压延压缩得到400-1000kg/m3的密度。根据WO 2014/142714 A1的公开,聚合物的结合通过在热成形处理中施加的较高温度而活化,并有助于热成形物体的最终强度。
尽管根据WO 2014/142714 A1的公开聚合物可有助于最终强度并能够成形干法成网网状物,但这种热塑性成分将消除纤维素的可持续特征,因为该复合材料将是不可再循环的。该缺点是适用的,即使可再生和可堆肥的生物塑料,例如聚丙交酯(PLA)如在WO2014/142714 A1中提出的那样使用,因为材料再循环的物流不可用。
最近的发现和政治决定,例如对全球变暖2015的巴黎协定,规定消费品和包装的碳排放量,在所谓的生命循环分析(LCA)中,受到再循环和再使用材料的能力的高度影响。甚至可再生材料(如纤维素和PLA)必须再循环以与多次再循环的不可再生材料、如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)一起测量。
在世界上大多数地区,材料再循环正在变得越来越慢并逐渐越来越多。欧洲拥有全球领先地位,再循环率约为30%,而美国仅达到10%,而且许多发展中国家尚未开始再循环利用。所有再循环工作的共同点聚焦于最常用的材料,诸如纸张、纸板、玻璃、铝、钢和PET。这些可再循环的级分(fraction)代表大量的被浪费的商品,并且不太可能在可预见的将来将其他级分如生物聚合物建立为公共可用再循环物流。
因此对机械性质接近塑料的可再生和可再循环的材料中的3D成形的包装、盒、挂钩、瓶、杯、盘、碗、***件和覆盖件的全球需求是巨大的。
在公开ISBN978-91-7501-518–7(Helena Halonen,2012年10月)中,已经研究了使用仅用水处理的商业化学木浆的压缩模制的一种可能方法。目的是研究加工处理中的结构变化以及将最终生物复合材料的机械性质与纳米级结构相关联的复杂性。
在压缩模制期间高温(150-170℃)和高压(45MPa)的组合产生显著的纤丝聚集的增加,可能包括纤维素-纤维素熔接结合,即纤维-纤维结合区域中的纤丝聚集。这种纤丝聚集导致生物复合材料具有显著的机械性质,相比于例如PET-强度(75MPa)和PET-模量(PET3GPa)包括改善的强度(289MPa)、模量(12.5GPa)和柔韧度(6%)。
虽然WO 2014142714 A1提出了不可再循环的热塑性成分,并且ISBN 978-91-7501-518-7提出了用于形成可再循环纤维素纤维以获得良好机械性质的科学结果,但是到目前为止,还没有发明任何实用或工业方法,能够以合理的循环时间商业化生产呈纤维素形式的包装和商品,作为可以作为纸板再循环的塑料的替代品。
鉴于现有技术的上述和其他缺点,本发明的目的是提供具有改进的机械性质的纤维素产品的成本有效和合理的生产。
发明内容
本公开的目的是提供一种制造纤维素产品的方法,纤维素成形设备和纤维素产品,其中避免了前述问题。该目的至少部分地由独立权利要求的特征实现。从属权利要求包含制造纤维素产品的方法、纤维素产品成形设备和纤维素产品的进一步发展。
存在许多期望提供由可持续材料制成的扁平或基本上非扁平形状的物体的情形。扁平形状可指大体二维形状,诸如例如片材或坯料的形状,且基本上非扁平形状可指任何合适的三维物体形状。一种这样的情况涉及液体,干燥材料和不同类型的商品的包装,其中包装可以制成三维形状或者由二维片材成形为三维形状。
本公开涉及用于制造纤维素产品的方法,包括以下步骤:在干燥成形单元中干燥成形纤维素坯料;将纤维素坯料布置在成形模具中;将纤维素坯料加热到100℃至200℃范围内的成形温度;以及在成形模具中以至少1MPa的成形压力压制纤维素坯料。
纤维素坯料的干燥成形是指纤维素纤维被气流成网以形成纤维素坯料的方法。在气流成网处理中形成纤维素坯料时,纤维素纤维通过作为承载介质的空气被承载并形成为坯料结构。这与普通造纸处理不同,在普通造纸处理中,在形成纸张结构时,水用作纤维素纤维的承载介质。在气流成网处理中,可以向纤维素纤维中添加水或其他物质,以便改变纤维素坯料的性质,但是在成形处理中空气仍然用作承载介质。
这些特征的优点是纤维素产品是在干燥成形处理中制造的,其中纤维素坯料在干燥成形单元中由纤维素纤维干燥成形。通过加热和压制纤维素坯料,实现了具有良好材料性质的纤维素产品。纤维素产品可以是例如瓶、容器或容器的一部分,其中根据该方法制造的纤维素产品可以代替更难以再循环的塑料产品。根据该方法制造的其他纤维素产品可以例如是包装、用于包装的***件、挂钩、盒、碗、盘、杯、托盘或覆盖件。当在成形温度为100℃至200℃的范围内以至少1MPa的成形压力压制纤维素纤维时,纤维素纤维将彼此结合使得形成的纤维素产品具有良好机械性质。测试表明,当在特定的成形压力下压制时,较高的成形温度将在纤维素纤维之间产生更牢固的结合。当成形温度高于100℃并且成形压力至少为1MPa时,纤维素纤维将彼此牢固地结合。较高的成形温度将增强最终纤维素产品的纤丝聚集、耐水性、杨氏模量和机械性质。高压对于纤维素产品中的纤维素纤维之间的纤丝聚集是重要的。在高于200℃的温度下,纤维素纤维将被热降解,因此应避免高于200℃的温度。
根据本公开的一个方面,纤维素坯料形成为具有扁平或基本上非扁平形状的纤维素产品。以这种方式,可制造许多不同类型的产品,包括可用于形成三维产品的基本上二维的坯料。
根据本公开的另一方面,成形压力在1MPa至100MPa的范围内。在该压力范围内,可以实现具有期望性质的纤维素产品的成形,并且可以调节压力水平以适合待成形的多种产品的类型的具体需要。
根据本公开的进一步方面,纤维素坯料的加热至少部分地发生在压制纤维素坯料之前。通过这种选择,在成形模具中,在压制纤维素坯料之前,纤维素坯料可以被预热。作为替代方案,纤维素坯料可以在压制之前被预热到一定程度,并在压制时被进一步加热。
根据本公开的另一方面,在压制纤维素坯料之前加热成形模具。通过加热成形模具,在纤维素坯料被放置在成形模具中时,热量将转移到纤维素坯料。以这种方式,纤维素坯料的成形温度可以通过来自成形模具的热传递以有效的方式实现。
根据本公开的一方面,干燥成形单元包括分离单元、成形丝线和压实单元,其中该方法进一步包括以下步骤:在分离单元中将纤维素分离成脱离的纤维素纤维;将纤维素纤维布置到成形丝线上;以及在压实单元中压实纤维素纤维以形成纤维素坯料。以这种方式,实现了纤维素坯料的有效成形。干燥成形单元可以布置为处理单元,其是生产纤维素产品的连续制造处理的一部分。干燥成形单元也可以远离纤维素成形设备放置,而纤维素坯料优选地可以以辊供应到纤维素成形设备。
根据本公开的另一方面,所述方法进一步包括以下步骤:将施胶剂施加到纤维素纤维以增加纤维素坯料的疏水性和/或机械强度。可以使用不同类型的施胶剂以增加由纤维素坯料生产的纤维素产品的疏水性和/或机械强度,这可取决于所生产的产品的类型。例如,施胶剂可以是氟化物、烷基烯酮二聚体(AKD)、烯基琥珀酸酐(ASA)、松香(酸性施胶剂)、蜡、木质素和水玻璃(硅酸钠)。
根据本公开的另一方面,纤维素坯料在干燥成形单元中成形为连续纤维素网状物。连续纤维素网状物可以用于连续制造处理,其中连续纤维素网状物在干燥成形单元中由纤维素纤维干燥成形,然后被输送到成形模具。
根据本公开的另一方面,连续的纤维素网状物通过供给单元间歇地供给到成形模具。通过将连续的纤维素网状物间歇地供给到成形模具,连续纤维素网状物的形成和纤维素产品在成形模具中的形成可以是相同生产单元的用于从纤维素纤维有效生产纤维素产品的一部分。
本公开进一步涉及用于制造纤维素产品的纤维素产品成形设备,其中纤维素产品成形设备包括用于形成纤维素坯料的干燥成形单元和用于形成纤维素产品的成形模具,其中,纤维素产品成形设备被构造成实施用于制造纤维素产品的方法。这些特征的优点是纤维素产品在干燥成形处理中在纤维素产品成形设备中被制造,其中纤维素坯料在干燥成形单元中由纤维素纤维干燥成形。通过加热和压制纤维素坯料,实现了具有良好材料性质的纤维素产品。
根据本公开的一个方面,纤维素坯料在成形模具中成形为具有扁平或基本上非扁平形状的纤维素产品。可制造许多不同类型的产品,包括可用于形成三维产品的基本上的二维坯料
根据本公开的另一方面,干燥成形单元包括用于将纤维素分离成脱离的纤维素纤维的分离单元、用于纤维素纤维的成形丝线、以及用于压实纤维素纤维以形成纤维素坯料的压实单元。
根据本公开的另一方面,成形模具由加热单元加热。利用加热单元,可在将纤维素坯料压制在成形模具中之前预热纤维素坯料。作为替代方案,纤维素坯料可在压制之前被预热到一定程度,并在被压制时被进一步加热。加热单元可以集成在成形模具中,使得纤维素坯料在被放置在成形模具中时,热量将传递到纤维素坯料。以这种方式,可以通过来自于成形模具的热传递以有效的方式实现纤维素坯料的成形温度。
根据本公开的一个方面,通过施加单元将施胶剂或其他物质施加到纤维素纤维。施加单元可以例如是喷嘴或类似装置的形式,其将施胶剂添加到干燥成形单元中的纤维素纤维。
根据本公开的其他方面,干燥成形单元将纤维素坯料形成为连续纤维素网状物,并且进一步地,连续纤维素网状物通过供给单元被间歇地供给到成形模具。连续纤维素网状物可以用于连续制造处理,其中连续纤维素网状物在干燥成形单元中由纤维素纤维干燥成形,然后输送到成形模具。通过供给单元将连续纤维素网状物间歇地供给到成形模具,连续纤维素网状物的形成和纤维素产品在成形模具中的形成可以是相同生产单元的用于从纤维素纤维有效生产纤维素产品的一部分。
本公开进一步涉及具有扁平或基本上非扁平形状的纤维素产品。纤维素产品可包含至少90%重量的纤维素纤维。
附图说明
现在将参考示出本公开的示例实施例的所附附图更详细地描述本公开的这些和其他方面,在附图中:
图1示意性地示出了根据本公开的纤维素产品成形设备;
图2a-b示意性地示出了根据本公开的示例性实施例的使用多次使用隔膜的压缩装置的第一替代构造,示出了初始阶段(a)和压缩阶段(b);
图3a-b示意性地示出了根据本公开的示例性实施例的包括单次使用材料集成屏障的压缩装置的第二替代构造,示出了初始阶段(a)和压缩阶段(b);
图4a-d示意性地示出了根据本公开的示例实施例的使用单次使用材料集成屏障和吹气模制的压缩装置和部件的第三替代构造,示出了初始阶段(a&b)和压缩阶段(c);
图5a-b示意性地示出了根据本公开的示例性实施例的使用多次使用隔膜的压缩装置的第四替代构造,示出了初始阶段(a)和压缩阶段(b);
图6a-c示意性地示出了根据本公开的示例性实施例的使用腔体补偿压力控制的压缩的第五替代构造,示出了初始阶段(a&b)和压缩阶段(c);
图7a-b示意性地示出了根据本公开的示例性实施例的使用坯料厚度补偿的压缩装置的第六替代构造,示出了初始阶段(a)和压缩阶段(b);
图8a-c示意性地示出了根据本公开的使用块状柔性隔膜的压缩装置的替代构造;以及
图9a-c示意性地示出了根据本公开的使用块状柔性隔膜的压缩装置的另一替代构造。
具体实施方式
在下文中将结合所附附图来描述本公开的各个方面以说明而非限制本公开,其中相同的附图标记表示相同的元件,并且所描述的方面的变型不限于具体示出的实施例,而是可应用于本公开的其他变型。
在本详细描述中,将描述制造纤维素产品的方法、纤维素产品成形设备和纤维素产品。
根据本公开的片材或坯料的各种实施例主要参考放置在用于在成形模具中成形的处于扁平形状的位置的纤维素坯料进行讨论。应当注意,这绝不限制本发明的范围,本发明的范围同样包括例如预成形为三维物体的坯料。
例如,坯料可以以类似于物体的期望最终形状的形状呈现给成形模具。另一个实施例可以包括纤维素坯料,其在辊上以网状物的形式供应到模具。
扁平形状可以指通常的二维(2D)形状,诸如例如坯料或片材的形状,并且基本上非扁平形状可以指任何合适的三维(3D)形状。根据本公开的物体可以制成二维形状、三维形状或由二维坯料或片材成形为三维形状。
此外,通过示意性地示出纤维素纤维的连贯片,这将绝不限制本发明的范围,本发明的范围同样包括例如具有施加到成形模具上的松散且分离的纤维的坯料。
在本详细描述中,主要参考具有主要均匀厚度的中空碗、中空杯或中空瓶讨论待成形的三维纤维素产品和用于形成根据本发明的纤维素产品的模具的各种实施例。应当注意,这绝不限制本发明的范围,本发明的范围同样包括例如具有不同厚度的复杂形状、非中空部分或块状物体。例如,物体可以有利地包括加强件、折痕、孔、3D形状的文本、铰链、锁、螺纹、卡合件、支脚、把手或表面图案。
在图1中,示意性地示出了在纤维素产品成形设备18中制造纤维素产品的方法,其中纤维素坯料1a在干燥成形单元11中被干燥成形,布置在成形模具3中,被加热到成形温度并在成形模具3中以成形压力压制。在第一步骤中,在干燥成形单元11中干燥成形纤维素坯料1a。图1中的干燥成形单元11用虚线示意性地示出,并且包括分离单元13、成形盒23、成形丝线14和压实单元15。纤维素坯料1a在该方法中成形为具有扁平或基本上非扁平形状的纤维素产品。
在分离单元13中,纤维素被分离成脱离的纤维素纤维12。用于分离单元13的纤维素可以来自任何合适的源,诸如例如木浆和绒毛浆,或来自棉、亚麻、***、甘蔗和谷物的纤维素纤维。也可以使用其他类型的纤维素,并且根据分离单元13的设计,甚至可以重复使用来自纺织品、纸张、纸板或其他合适源的纤维素纤维。作为示例,分离单元可以是常规的锤式粉碎机。标准原始绒毛浆可以用作纤维素原料,并且可以例如在公开市场上以卷的形式购买。在图1中,使用例如绒毛浆的辊21作为原料,其被供给到分离单元13中。
纤维素纤维12以常规方式在干燥成形单元11内被布置在成形丝线14上。脱离的纤维素纤维12可以通过离心式风扇22从分离单元13抽吸并被吹入到成形盒23中,成形盒23例如可以是布置在成形丝线14上方的空气梳理塔的形式。成形塔或盒23包括具有敞开底部的壳体,该敞开底部为脱离的纤维素纤维12提供直接进入到下面的成形丝线14上的入口。真空盒24可布置在成形丝线14的上部下方。离心式风扇22将脱离的纤维素纤维12供应到成形盒23的内部,并且一排或多排中的多个纤维分离辊25可以在成形盒外壳中布置在纤维入口与成形盒外壳底部之间以将纤维素纤维12均匀地分配到成形丝线14上。离心式风扇22因此从分离单元13提取脱离的纤维素纤维12并且将纤维素纤维12吹入到成形盒23中。纤维素纤维12通过真空盒24中的真空抽吸到成形丝线14上,以便成形纤维素网状物,该纤维素网状物通过成形丝线14被进一步输送至压实单元15。成形丝线14可以以常规方式布置为例如由编织网状结构制成的环形带,该环形带可以在形成纤维素网状物时以恒定速度连续地移动。纤维素网状物的密度可以选择成使得其适合于待被成形的纤维素产品。
为了由纤维素网状物形成纤维素坯料1a,纤维素纤维12在压实单元15中被压实或压延。压实单元15可以设计成具有集成在干燥成形单元11内的一个或多个压实辊或压延辊,并且一个或多个压实辊可与成形丝线14一起布置。作为示例,压实辊可以布置在成形丝线上方,使得压实辊将压紧力施加在在干燥成形处理中形成的纤维素网状物上。以这种方式,纤维素坯料1a在干燥成形单元11中成形为连续的纤维素网状物16。压实辊或压延辊可以在压实纤维素纤维12时被加热。
纤维素坯料1a的干燥成形可作为单独的处理步骤而发生,其中纤维素坯料1a可以在形成纤维素产品之前以片的形式堆叠或布置成卷起的网状物。作为替代方案,纤维素坯料1a的干燥成形可以是连续处理的一部分,如图1所示,其中纤维素产品在纤维素产品成形设备中被制造,并且在布置、加热和压制成形模具3中的纤维素坯料1a之前,纤维素坯料1a的干燥成形将是初始处理步骤。
为了形成纤维素产品,纤维素坯料1a布置在成形模具3中,此后纤维素坯料1a被加热到100℃-200℃范围内的成形温度,并且然后在成形模具3中通过至少1MPa的成形压力被压制。下面将进一步描述在成形模具3中加热并压制纤维素坯料1a。测试表明,合适的压力水平可以在1-100MPa的范围内。纤维素坯料1a的加热可以在成形模具3中进行压制之前或至少部分地在成形模具3中进行压制之前发生。作为替代方案,纤维素坯料1a的加热在进行压制时在成形模具3中发生。纤维素坯料1a的加热可以例如通过在压制纤维素坯料1a之前加热成形模具3来实现。也可以在加热纤维素坯料1a之前施加压力,并且例如在压制期间可以在成形模具3中发生纤维素坯料的加热。
当以在100℃至200℃的范围内的成形温度以至少1MPa的成形压力压制纤维素纤维时,纤维素纤维12将彼此结合,以使得形成的纤维素产品具有良好机械性质。测试表明,当以特定的成形压力压制时,较高的成形温度将提供纤维素纤维12之间的更强结合。当成形温度高于100℃并且成形压力为1-100MPa时,纤维素纤维12将彼此牢固地结合。较高的成形温度将增加最终纤维素产品的纤丝聚集、耐水性、杨氏模量和机械特性。高压对于纤维素产品中的纤维素纤维12之间的纤丝聚集是重要的。在高于200℃的温度下,纤维素纤维12将热降解,因此应避免高于200℃的温度。成形压力和成形温度可选择成适合于待被生产的特定纤维素产品。
纤维素坯料1a可以以任何合适的方式布置到成形模具3中,并且作为示例,纤维素坯料1a可以手动布置在成形模具3中。另一替代方案是布置用于纤维素坯料1a的供给装置,其将纤维素坯料1a输送到成形模具。供给装置可以例如是传送带,工业机器人或任何其他合适的制造装备。如果纤维素坯料1a的干燥成形是产生纤维素产品的连续制造处理的一部分,如图1所示,则可以利用成形丝线14将纤维素坯料1a从干燥成形单元11供给到成形模具3。更具体地,如果成形丝线14以恒定速度移动通过干燥成形单元11且成形模具3中的纤维素产品的成形发生在间歇处理步骤中,则可以通过供给单元17将纤维素坯料1a间歇地供给到成形模具3。
作为示例,纤维素坯料可以经由以缓冲区域布置形式的供给单元17间歇地供给到成形模具,如图1所示。具有提升辊的枢转辊臂26通过同步的伺服控制移动使纤维素坯料1a以平缓的弧度提升和弯曲。以这种方式,纤维素坯料1a的合适长度被缓冲为使得纤维素坯料1a能够按需增量供给到成形模具3中。当枢转辊臂26下降时,缓冲的纤维素坯料1a可以间歇地供给到成形模具3。因此,枢转辊臂26以重复的方式被提升和降低以实现纤维素坯料1a的缓冲,使得纤维素坯料1a可经由例如布置在枢转辊臂26之后的供给辊27被间歇地供给到成形模具3。
作为替代方案,代替使用供给单元17,成形模具3的移动可以是往复式的并且与纤维素坯料1a的供给同步,从而能够使纤维素坯料1a通过生产处理具有恒定速度。以这种方式,在纤维素产品的压制期间,成形模具随着并且沿纤维素坯料的供给方向移动。
如上所述,纤维素产品由纤维素纤维12制造,并且纤维素产品可以包含至少90%重量的纤维素纤维。可以具有仅由纤维素纤维制造的纤维素产品,但是可以将施胶剂或其他合适的添加剂施加到纤维素纤维12以增加纤维素坯料1a的疏水性、机械强度和/或其他性质。施胶剂或添加剂可以例如在分离单元13中用于纤维素坯料1a的成形。可以添加到纤维素纤维中的其他合适的物质例如可以是不同形式的淀粉,诸如来自粉末形式的马铃薯、谷物或玉米的淀粉,其可以在成形模具3中形成纤维素产品之前被添加到纤维素纤维12。通过添加淀粉,最终纤维素产品的强度将增加。作为示例,纤维素产品可以包括90-98%重量的纤维素纤维和2-10%重量的其他物质,诸如淀粉、施胶剂和/或其他合适的添加剂和物质。如果使用其他合适的物质,也可以具有比90%重量更低的量的纤维素纤维。可以添加到纤维素纤维中的其他合适的物质例如是常规用于湿法成形纸产品、含氟化学品、烷基烯酮二聚体(AKD)、烯基琥珀酸酐(ASA)、松香(酸性施胶剂)、蜡、木质素和水玻璃(硅酸钠)的添加剂或施胶剂。为了确保纤维素产品可以在使用后再循环,所添加的物质可以是可生物降解的或适于再循环。
如上文关于图1所述,纤维素产品成形设备18包括用于形成纤维素坯料1a的干燥成形单元11和用于形成纤维素产品的成形模具3。纤维素产品成形设备18可以构造为作为一个单个生产单元的用于纤维素产品的连续生产单元,其中纤维素产品由纤维素原料制造。首先在干燥成形单元11中形成纤维素坯料1a,然后在成形模具3中形成纤维素产品,其中纤维素产品可以具有扁平或基本上非扁平形状。
干燥成形单元包括用于将纤维素分离成脱离的纤维素纤维12的分离单元13、用于纤维素纤维12的成形盒23和成形丝线14以及用于压实纤维素纤维12以形成纤维素坯料1a的压实单元15。如图1所示,单独布置的加热单元19在纤维素坯料1a在成形模具3中的压制之前加热纤维素坯料1a。作为替代方案,成形模具3可以替代地由加热单元19加热,其中加热的流体介质、电加热器或其他合适的加热装置用于加热成形模具3。
通过施加单元20将所需的施胶剂、添加剂或其他物质施加到纤维素纤维12。施加单元可以例如是一个或多个喷嘴或类似装置的形式,其将施胶剂或其他物质添加到干燥成形单元11中的纤维素纤维12。
供给单元17布置在干燥成形单元之后,使得以连续纤维素网状物16形式的纤维素坯料1a可以通过供给单元17间歇地供给到成形模具3。
在下文中,将进一步描述在成形模具3中由纤维素坯料1a形成的纤维素产品。来自下述成形模具3中的纤维素坯料1a的纤维素产品的成形方法可以是连续纤维素产品成形方法的一部分,并且所述的不同类型的成形模具3可以集成在纤维素产品成形设备18中。
现在将参考图2a-b描述根据本公开的示例性实施例的可以是力限定的压缩装置的成形模具3。在图2a中,以用于纤维素纤维的成形模具3的形式的使用热量的压缩装置或压力模制装置的示意性侧视图示出为处于打开状态。压缩装置或成形模具3可以被构造为使得在形成纤维素产品时施加等静压压力。施加的压力也可以是非等静压的,使得当形成纤维素产品时,在成形模具3的不同部分中施加不同的压力水平。
本公开的该实施例的成形模具3使用放置在多次使用隔膜4下方的一个刚性成形模具部分2a。隔膜4构成用于压力介质或流体5的密封件,诸如例如包含在压力室(图中未示出)中的液压油。隔膜4,也称为膜片,可以优选地由橡胶、硅树脂、弹性体或聚氨酯制成。
在完全不同的行业中,例如当形成用于飞行器的金属片或将金属粉末加工成均质材料时,发现类似的压制装置。用于常规目的的压制通常使用诸如在1000-2000巴的范围内的非常高的压力。
主要包括具有一些添加剂和试剂的纤维素纤维的纤维素坯料1a,如图2a所示,已经被放置在隔膜4与刚性成形模具部分2a之间的间隙中,纤维素坯料1a在图2a中布置在隔膜4下方。纤维素坯料1a还可以含有一定量的水,这例如可取决于周围大气的湿度。
为了从纤维素坯料1a形成纤维素产品或纤维素产品的一部分,必须将纤维素坯料1a加热到成形温度T1,该成形温度T1可以在100℃至200℃的范围内。成形模具部分2a可以被加热到期望的温度T2,使得热量被传递到纤维素坯料1a,以便实现纤维素坯料1a的成形温度T1。成形模具3可以例如通过将加热的油泵送到成形模具部分2a的内部通道7中而预热至150-170℃的温度。预热成形模具3的替代方式是使用集成电阻器(未在图中示出)。也可以例如通过在工具进入之前使用红外线来预热纤维素坯料1a。将压力介质5加热到压力介质温度T5也可以是合适的替代方案。
在图2b中,用作压力介质5的液压油已经被加压至至少1MPa的压力,并且隔膜4通过压缩的材料1b包绕加热的成形模具2a,其中压缩材料1b在其间形成纤维素产品。当形成纤维素产品时,合适的压力P1可以在1-100MPa的范围内。通过施加合适的压力,压缩纤维素纤维。施加的压力可以是均匀的或等静压的,以便均匀地压缩纤维素纤维,而不管它们在成形模具2a上的相对位置如何,并且不管纤维的实际局部量如何。在替代实施例中,压力可替代地为非等静压的,使得成形模具3的不同部分中的不同压力水平用于形成纤维素产品。这可以例如在如果期望纤维素产品的不同部分中的不同结构性质的情况下被使用。
压缩装置可以包括用于压力介质5的流体控制装置(图中未示出),并且可以是压缩流体的致动器或用于可控的允许加压流体进入压力室的流体流动控制装置,该压力室具有作为其一部分壁的柔性隔膜4。该设备可以包括流体,或者流体可以是取自周围大气的空气。
发明人已经发现,当形成纤维素产品时,在160℃的温度下4MPa(40巴)的压力P1在纤维素纤维中产生了纤丝聚集,其在10秒的保持时间后比得上许多热塑性塑料。
为了减少来自压缩材料1b的纤维素产品的工业生产的循环时间,可以例如通过将冷却的油泵送到布置在成形模具部分2a中或压力室中的内部通道7中来完成所述压缩材料的冷却,其中,在纤维素纤维中完成纤丝聚集后,可以快速地降低成形模具部分2a温度T2和压力介质温度T5。
通过将压力介质5降低到大气压力P0,该处理和装置将返回到图2a所示的打开状态,其中所述隔膜4将或多或少收回到其扁平初始状态,并且其中成品纤维素产品可以被排出并且从不需要的剩余压缩的或未压缩的纤维素纤维切割。
纤维素产品的最终厚度t1可以根据纤维素纤维的实际局部量而略微变化。
在一个替代实施例中,可以使用刚性成形模具部分来代替柔性或柔韧隔膜4,如果在形成纤维素产品时期望不同的压力水平,这可能是合适的。使用柔性隔膜4可以提供产生具有高强度和短生产循环时间的均质纤维素产品的等静压压缩方法。
参考图3a-b,图2a-b中的多次使用隔膜4被包括有薄膜屏障6的单次使用的隔膜代替,其中,当生产纤维素坯料1a时所述薄膜屏障6可以被预先施加到纤维素坯料1a,或其中,在纤维素坯料1a的等静压压制期间,薄膜屏障6被(例如从辊,图中未示出)提供到压缩装置并且被施加到纤维素坯料1a。
所述薄膜屏障6可由具有在1-700μm范围内的厚度的热塑性材料如PET、生物聚乙烯或PLA制成。
图3a示意性地示出了包括处于其初始打开状态的压缩装置或成形模具3的使用施加到纤维素纤维1a的薄膜屏障6的方法,其中,压缩装置或成形模具3包括预热到温度T2的***成形模具部分2b和容纳在压力室(图中未示出)中的优选在大气压下的气体或空气的压力介质或流体5。
图3b示出了处于压缩状态的图3a所示的相同装置和纤维素坯料1a,其中压力介质5,优选为压缩空气或作为水的非污染液体已被加压至压力P1,并且其中薄膜屏障6将压力介质与纤维素坯料1a的压缩材料1b分开并密封,并且其中压力介质5和薄膜6遍及所述成形模具部分2b的加热的成形表面形成作用在纤维素纤维上的相等的压力,其中成形模具部分2b的温度为T2。
通过将特定压力保持在特定温度持续一定时间段X,纤维素纤维中的纤丝聚集将产生具有接近热塑性塑料的机械性质的压缩材料1b的生物复合部件。如果作为一个示例,压力P1为4MPa(40巴),成形温度T1为140℃,成形模具部分2b的温度T2为160℃,并且时间段X为10秒,则可以实现具有接近热塑性塑料的机械性质的压缩材料1b的生物复合材料部件。根据纤维素坯料的成形温度和施加的压力,时间段X可以例如在从0.1秒至几秒的范围内。
通过在时间段X之后移除压力介质5并将压力降低到大气压力P0,可以排出由压缩材料1b形成的纤维素产品,并且如果需要的话,切割成其最终形状。
图3a-3b中讨论的方法的一个优点是薄膜屏障6还可以用作朝向在使用期间暴露于部件的其他介质的屏障。例如,如果提供有薄膜屏障6的纤维素产品是用于准备沙拉的碗,则其被期望地具有屏障6以保护被压缩的材料1b中的纤维素纤维不与蔬菜接触并且减少碗的吸湿性特征。该方法还可用于生产用于液体商品的瓶子或容器,并且纤维素产品因此可适于包装包括碳酸液体的不同类型的液体或饮料。
转向图4a-d,成形模具3包括至少两个可打开和可闭合的阴成形表面或部分2a、2b,其围绕具有薄膜屏障6的管状纤维素坯料1a,其中外层是未压缩的纤维素纤维及其添加剂,并且内层6是包括薄膜屏障6的单次使用的隔膜。坯料可以优选地以扁平形状利用辊(图中未示出)被供应到压缩装置,其中坯料成形为围绕压力介质喷嘴8的管形状(图中未示出)。
在图4a中,具有成形表面或部分2a、2b的成形模具3被预热至成形模具温度T2,并且在成形处理方法的开放初始阶段被示意性地示出。具有薄膜屏障6的管状纤维素坯料1a从围绕固定压力介质喷嘴8的顶部供应,这意味着具有薄膜屏障6的管状纤维素坯料1a在从上方进入到成形表面2a、2b中的方向上被供应。
通过施加闭合力Fc闭合预热成形模具3,该闭合力Fc高于由压力P1产生的打开力,该压力P1由压力介质9通过图4c所示的压力介质喷嘴8施加到成形模具3的内部。具有成形表面2a、2b的成形模具3的闭合状态在图4b-c中示意性地示出。闭合力Fc和邻近腔体的顶部及底部的成形表面2a、2b的设计使得纤维素坯料1a的内部容积与外部大气压P0密封隔离。
在图中未示出的替代实施例中,当成形模具3闭合时,纤维素坯料1a可以通过成形模具从剩余材料切割。成形模具部分中的一个或两个可设有切割装置,诸如例如锋利的切割边缘,用于以与在成形模具中形成纤维素产品时相同的压制运动切割没有不需要的剩余压缩或未压缩纤维素纤维的纤维素产品。该切割装置可以设计成适合纤维素产品的特定厚度。切割装置可以根据纤维素产品的期望形状以二维和三维形状切割所形成的纤维素产品的边缘。切割装置可以以不同的方式构造以有效地切割最终产品,例如为狭窄切口,其布置在成形模具部分的一个上与另一成形模具部分上的突出切割边缘相互作用,或者为切割边缘,其布置在成形模具部分的一个上与另一个成形模具部分上的切割表面相互作用。作为替代方案,切割装置可以布置为集成在模具中的可移动切割器,其在与压制运动相对的方向上移动。
未用于纤维素产品的任何剩余纤维素纤维12可以被收集并被向回供给到分离单元13以用于再循环。
图4c示出了本发明的方法的成形和纤丝聚集阶段,其中所述坯料的内部容积通过压力介质喷嘴8填充有压力介质9并且被加压到压力P1,其中压力介质9和单次使用的隔膜6遍及所述成形模具2a和2b的加热成形表面形成作用在纤维素纤维上的相等压力。
填充处理发生在图4b和4c所示的步骤之间,并且需要空气通道10使得在成形模具3的腔体中的、具有薄膜屏障6的纤维素坯料1a外部的空气在坯料膨胀处理期间被排出。
图4d示出由压缩材料1b和薄膜屏障6制成的中空物体形式的三维纤维素产品,比如用于饮料的瓶,其通过图4a-c中描述的方法填充以所述压力介质9而形成,其中薄膜屏障6将压力介质9与压缩纤维素纤维1b分开。
根据本公开,在本实施例中压力介质9可以由旨在填充到纤维素产品中的饮料(诸如例如牛奶、果汁、水和碳酸饮料)构成。
薄膜屏障6可优选地由具有在1-700μm范围内的厚度的类似PET、生物聚乙烯或PLA的薄热塑性材料制成,其中薄膜屏障6,常规地应用在用于饮料的纸包装中,还密封纤维素纤维1b以免在纤维素产品的储存和使用期间与饮料接触。
如果饮料被冷却到温度T9,例如在1-20℃的范围内,并且优选在不到一秒的时间内快速填充,则可以减少图4c所示的处理步骤的循环时间。如果具有成形表面2a、2b的成形模具3被预热到例如200℃的模具温度T2,并且坯料被预热到例如140℃的温度T1,则压力介质温度T9将使得能够以几秒或甚至更少的循环时间从成形模具3释放填充的瓶子。
图5a-b示意性地示出本公开的另一个机制,其中压缩装置包括至少一个阳成形模具部分2a、至少一个阴压力模具部分2b和多次使用预成形隔膜4,其中,在围绕纤维素坯料1a的模具部分2a和2b闭合之后,压力介质5被加压到压力P1。
图5b中示出了在纤维素坯料1a的纤维素纤维中发生纤丝聚集的最终成形阶段。图5b所示的放大横截面示出了压力介质5如何在上阴压力模具部分2b与隔膜4之间渗透到成形模具3中,其中压力P1使纤维素坯料1a朝向预热的下阳成形模具2a的成形表面压缩均匀地压缩纤维素坯料1a。压力介质5的渗透可以通过用作压力介质5的微通道的、位于上阴压力模具部分2b的表面中的小凹陷(图中未示出)来促进。
与图2a-b中讨论的方法相比,根据图5a-b的压缩装置的实施例可能是有益的,其中较短的循环时间是优选的。在图5a-b所示的实施例中,隔膜4不需要变形到相同的程度。
参考图2-5,上述压缩方法的示例包括柔性隔膜4,其可用于提供等静压压力。应当理解,使用仅用水处理的诸如木浆的纤维素纤维的加热压缩模制在全纤维素复合材料中形成三维物体可以使用常规工具获得,同时仍实现等静压压力。
参考图6a-c,上预热阴非柔性压力模具部分2b和下预热阳非柔性成形模具部分2a围绕纤维素坯料1a,其中下预热阳非柔性成形模具部分2a和上预热阴非柔性压力模具部分2b之间的腔体厚度t(P)偏离标称均匀厚度,其中当模具部分通过力F被压在一起时,这种偏离在理论上和/或实际上建立为在纤维素坯料1a的每个部分上朝向模具部分2a和2b产生等静压压力P1。
图6a示意性地示出了处于初始打开状态的实施例,其中处于扁平状态的纤维素坯料以连续网状物1a的形式被供给到模具部分。图6c示意性地示出了处于闭合状态的实施例,其中纤维素坯料1a处于压缩的非扁平状态。图6b示意性地示出了处于打开和闭合之间的状态的实施例,纤维素坯料1a处于处于未压缩非扁平状态。
图6a-c示出了用于中空碗的压缩装置的示例,其中阳成形模具部分2a具有标称的、优选的形状,并且其中阴压力模具部分2b具有补偿形状以便获得相等的压力P1。
如图6b所示,坯料通过两个模具部分2a、2b变形,其中纤维素坯料1a的厚度t由于纤维素坯料1a中的摩擦和变形约束而变化。在此示意性示例中,其可以以许多方式改变,纤维素坯料1a将以邻近压力模具2b的腔体入口的最薄的厚度tmin截止,并且在成形模具2a的顶部上以最厚的厚度tmax截止。
因此,借助于阴压力模具2b补偿两个模具部分2a、2b之间的腔体厚度s,使得最狭窄的腔体厚度smin位于邻近纤维素坯料最薄的tmin处,并且最宽的腔体厚度smax位于邻近未压缩的纤维素坯料1a最厚的tmax处,用遍及成形表面作用在纤维素坯料1a上的基本上相等的成形压力P1将纤维素坯料1a压靠在成形的阳模具2a上。
此外,纤维素坯料的厚度t与腔体厚度s和最终腔体形状之间的关系也与腔体的几何压力产生有关。力F确定阳成形模具部分2a的顶部上的压力P1,同时邻近最狭窄的腔体厚度smin的腔体的凸度、厚度和角度确定最终压力P1。
本发明的发明人已经发现,腔体的最终形状是复杂的算法t(P),以便获得基本上等静压压力P1,其中需要数学模型、优选的FEM-分析,和经验测试、优选地试错法,以获得遍及部件上的相等压力。
根据本发明的另一个实施例,在没有柔性隔膜的情况下,图6a-c中的几何压力补偿腔体可以用纤维素坯料的厚度补偿代替。
图7a-b示意性地示出了常规的未补偿的压力阴成形模具部分2b和未补偿的阳成形模具部分2a,具有优选的相等且标称的腔体厚度t,其中坯料具有与关于图6a-c所讨论的实施例所描述的相同理论和相同方式建立的tmin-tmax之间的压力补偿厚度。
关于图6a-c和图7a-b给出的在不具有柔性隔膜的情形下产生等静压压力的方法的优选涉及用于压缩装置的较短循环时间和较低成本。然而,开发努力对于使用刚性模具的方法可能更昂贵。
使用关于图7a-b描述的方法相对于图6a-c所述的方法的优点是实现了最终纤维素产品的均匀厚度t1。然而,在图7a-b中描述的方法中,坯料可能被更昂贵的生产。
作为替代方案,成形模具3也可以布置有被构造为块状柔性隔膜结构的隔膜。在图8a-c中,示意性地示出了具有阴成形模具部分2b和阳成形模具部分2a的替代成形模具3。阳成形模具部分2a在块状柔性隔膜4上施加成形压力F,其在形成纤维素产品时在纤维素坯料1a上施加等静压压力。块状柔性隔膜是指柔性结构,其具有与上述实施例中描述的隔膜结构相似的将等静压压力施加到纤维素坯料1a的能力,但是与较薄的隔膜结构相比具有更大的弹性变形区。块状柔性隔膜4可以构造有厚隔膜结构或甚至由柔性材料的均质本体制成。柔性材料可具有当压力施加到本体时使材料在成形模具部分之间浮动的性质。在图8a-c所示的实施例中,块状柔性隔膜4由柔性材料的均质本体构造。
在替代实施例中,块状柔性隔膜4可具有变化的厚度,其中块状柔性隔膜例如成形或铸造成具有变化的厚度的结构。具有变化的厚度的块状柔性隔膜的较薄和较厚区域可以补偿在成形模具部分中的需要较小或较大的隔膜变形的区域,以使得施加到纤维素坯料1a的压力均衡或均匀。通过使用块状柔性隔膜结构,成形模具在构造上可以更便宜且更简单。
块状柔性隔膜4被构造为使得当从成形模具部分施加压力F时,块状柔性隔膜4变形以提供等静压压力。块状柔性隔膜4可由具有合适性质的材料制成,诸如例如橡胶、胶乳、聚氨酯或硅树脂。也可以使用其他合适的材料或具有弹性体性质的材料的组合。由于块状柔性隔膜4的柔性性质,块状柔性隔膜4向纤维素坯料1a施加等静压压力。
在图8a中,纤维素坯料1a布置在阴成形模具部分2b与块状柔性隔膜4之间。如图8a-b所示,当成形压力F施加到成形模具部分时,阳成形模具部分2a将块状柔性隔膜4和纤维素坯料1a推入到阴成形模具部分2b中。当形成纤维素产品时,阴成形模具部分2b被加热到成形模具部分温度T2,并且在成形处理期间,纤维素坯料1a被加热到成形温度T1,参见图8a-c。
在图9a-c中,示意性地示出了具有阴成形模具部分2b和阳成形模具部分2a的另一替代成形模具3。阴成形模具部分2b在块状柔性隔膜4上施加成形压力F,其在形成纤维素产品时在纤维素坯料1a上施加等静压压力。块状柔性隔膜4被构造为使得当从成形模具部分施加压力F时,块状柔性隔膜4变形以便提供等静压压力。块状柔性隔膜4可以具有与以上关于图8a-c所示的实施例描述的相同构造。在图9a-c所示的实施例中,块状柔性隔膜4具有变化的厚度以匹配阳成形模具部分2a的形状。由于块状柔性隔膜4的柔性性质,块状柔性隔膜4向纤维素坯料1a施加等静压压力。
在图9a中,纤维素坯料1a被布置在阳成形模具部分2a与块状柔性隔膜4之间。如图9a-b所示,当成形压力F施加到成形模具部分时,阳成形模具部分2a朝向块状柔性隔膜4将纤维素坯料1a推入到阴成形模具部分2b中。当形成纤维素产品时,阳成形模具部分2a被加热到成形模具部分温度T2,并且在成形处理期间,纤维素坯料1a被加热到成形温度T1,参见图9a-c。
在权利要求中,词语“包括”不排除其他元件或步骤,并且不定冠词“一”或“一种”不排除多个。纯粹的事实,在相互不同的从属权利要求中列举某些措施并不表示这些措施的组合不能用于获益。
应当理解,以上描述本质上仅是示例性的,并且不旨在限制本公开、其应用或用途。虽然在说明书中已经描述和在附图中示出了特定示例,但是本领域普通技术人员将理解,在不脱离如权利要求中限定的本公开的范围的情况下,可以进行各种改变并且可以用等同物替换其元件。此外,在不脱离本发明的实质范围的情况下,可以进行修改以使特定情况或材料适应本公开的教导。因此,本公开不限于附图所示出的和在说明书中被描述为目前预期用于执行本公开的教导的最佳模式的特定示例,但是本公开的范围将包括落入前述描述和所附权利要求中的任何实施例。在权利要求中提及的附图标记不应被视为限制由权利要求保护的主题的范围,并且它们的唯一功能是使权利要求更容易理解。
附图标记
1a:纤维素坯料
1b:压缩材料
2a-b:成形模具部分
3:成形模具
4:隔膜
5:压力介质
6:薄膜屏障
7:内部通道
8:压力介质喷嘴
9:压力介质
10:空气通道
11:干燥成形单元
12:纤维素纤维
13:分离单元
14:成形丝线
15:压实单元
16:连续纤维素网状物
17:供给单元
18:纤维素产品成形设备
19:加热单元
20:施加单元
21:辊
22:离心式风扇
23:成形盒
24:真空盒
25:纤维分离辊
26:枢转辊臂
27:供给辊
Claims (18)
1.一种用于制造纤维素产品的方法,包括以下步骤:
使纤维素坯料(1a)在干燥成形单元(11)中干燥成形;
将所述纤维素坯料(1a)布置在成形模具(3)中;
将所述纤维素坯料(1a)加热至100℃至200℃范围内的成形温度;以及
在所述成形模具(3)中以至少1MPa的成形压力压制所述纤维素坯料(1a)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述纤维素坯料(1a)形成为具有扁平或基本上非扁平形状的纤维素产品。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中,所述成形压力在1MPa至100MPa的范围内。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述纤维素坯料(1a)的加热至少部分地发生在压制所述纤维素坯料(1a)之前。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中,在压制所述纤维素坯料(1a)之前加热所述成形模具(3)。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述干燥成形单元(11)包括分离单元(13)、成形丝线(14)和压实单元(15),所述方法进一步包括以下步骤:
在所述分离单元(13)中将纤维素分离成脱离的纤维素纤维(12);
将所述纤维素纤维(12)布置在所述成形丝线(14)上;以及
在所述压实单元(15)中压实所述纤维素纤维(12)以形成所述纤维素坯料(1a)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,进一步包括步骤:
将施胶剂施加到所述纤维素纤维(12)以增加所述纤维素坯料(1a)的疏水性和/或机械强度。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述纤维素坯料(1a)在所述干燥成形单元(11)中形成为连续的纤维素网状物(16)。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中,所述连续的纤维素网状物(16)通过供给单元(17)间歇地供给到所述成形模具(3)。
10.一种用于制造纤维素产品的纤维素产品成形设备(18),所述纤维素产品成形设备(18)包括:
干燥成形单元(11),其用于形成纤维素坯料(1a);
成形模具(3),其用于形成所述纤维素产品;
其特征在于,所述纤维素产品成形设备(18)构造为实施根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法。
11.根据权利要求10所述的纤维素产品成形设备(18),其特征在于,所述纤维素坯料(1a)在所述成形模具(3)中形成为具有扁平的或基本上非扁平形状的纤维素产品。
12.根据权利要求10或11所述的纤维素产品成形设备(18),其特征在于,所述干燥成形单元(11)包括:
分离单元(13),其用于将纤维素分离成脱离的纤维素纤维(12);
用于所述纤维素纤维(12)的成形丝线(14);以及
压实单元(15),其用于压实所述纤维素纤维(12)以成形所述纤维素坯料(1a)。
13.根据权利要求10-12中任一项的纤维素产品成形设备(18),其特征在于,所述成形模具(3)被加热单元(19)加热。
14.根据权利要求10-13中任一项所述的纤维素产品成形设备(18),其特征在于,施胶剂或其他物质通过施加单元(20)被施加到所述纤维素纤维(12)。
15.根据权利要求10-14中任一项的纤维素产品成形设备(18),其特征在于,所述干燥成形单元(11)将所述纤维素坯料(1a)成形为连续的纤维素网状物(16)。
16.根据权利要求15所述的纤维素产品成形设备(18),其特征在于,所述连续的纤维素网状物(16)通过供给单元(17)被间歇地供给到所述成形模具(3)。
17.一种通过权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法制造的纤维素产品,其特征在于,所述纤维素产品具有扁平或基本上非扁平形状。
18.根据权利要求17所述的纤维素产品,其特征在于,所述纤维素产品包含至少90%重量的纤维素纤维。
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CN202011163968.8A Pending CN112477072A (zh) | 2016-03-18 | 2017-03-16 | 通过压力模制设备制造纤维素产品的方法、压力模制设备以及纤维素产品 |
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US (8) | US11407149B2 (zh) |
EP (9) | EP4043352A1 (zh) |
JP (7) | JP6940582B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR102268776B1 (zh) |
CN (3) | CN109311547B (zh) |
AU (4) | AU2017233235B2 (zh) |
BR (4) | BR112018068720B1 (zh) |
CA (2) | CA3017725C (zh) |
CL (1) | CL2018002601A1 (zh) |
CO (1) | CO2018009542A2 (zh) |
CY (1) | CY1124942T1 (zh) |
DK (6) | DK3429927T3 (zh) |
ES (3) | ES2863244T3 (zh) |
FI (4) | FI3736099T3 (zh) |
HR (4) | HRP20220106T1 (zh) |
HU (3) | HUE054335T2 (zh) |
LT (5) | LT3429928T (zh) |
MX (4) | MX2018010665A (zh) |
MY (1) | MY192733A (zh) |
PL (6) | PL3429928T3 (zh) |
PT (6) | PT3967615T (zh) |
RS (5) | RS65482B1 (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2735554C2 (zh) |
SE (1) | SE539948C2 (zh) |
SI (5) | SI3429927T1 (zh) |
UA (1) | UA124012C2 (zh) |
WO (2) | WO2017160218A1 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA201805706B (zh) |
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