CN109295363B - 7-series aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
7-series aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a 7 series aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the 7 series aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1.95-2.2% of magnesium, 0.04-0.1% of silicon, 0.04-0.06% of iron, 0.15-0.33% of copper, 0.023-0.028% of titanium, 5.68-6.05% of zinc, 0.16-0.26% of manganese, 0.02-0.05% of zirconium and the balance of aluminum. The 7-series aluminum alloy of the present invention has the advantages of tensile strength of 470 or more, yield strength of 440 or more, Vickers hardness HV of 160 or more, and good fracture toughness and fatigue resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an aluminum alloy technology, and is characterized by relating to a 7-series aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The aluminum alloy is prepared by adding some alloy elements into pure aluminum, such as Al-Mn alloy developed by adding manganese elements into pure aluminum, Al-Cu alloy developed by adding copper elements into pure aluminum, Al-Cu-Mg series hard aluminum alloy developed by simultaneously adding copper and magnesium elements into pure aluminum, Al-Zn-Mg-Cu series super hard aluminum alloy developed by simultaneously adding zinc, magnesium and copper elements into pure aluminum, and the like. The aluminum alloy has the characteristics of light weight, high strength, good heat dissipation, good hand feeling and easy anodic oxidation coloring. Under the same strength requirement, the aluminum alloy parts can be thinner and lighter than plastic, and can meet the requirements of high integration, lightness, thinness, miniaturization, anti-collision, electromagnetic shielding and heat dissipation of 3C products. The aluminum alloy that IT equipment such as cell-phone, panel computer, notebook computer on the market used at present generally is 6 aluminium alloys, and along with the progress of science and technology, traditional 6 warp aluminium alloys have been difficult to satisfy the requirement of high-end product in the aspect of intensity, especially in the aspect of the index such as resistance to deformation bending, anti falling deformation, 6 warp the aluminium alloy and 7 warp the aluminium alloy and compare the gap great. Consumer perception is constantly changing and the pursuit of 7-series aluminum alloys is beginning. The 7-series aluminum alloy has the characteristics of the 6-series aluminum alloy, and the strength is higher than that of the 6-series aluminum alloy.
In the prior art, although more 7 series aluminum alloy products have appeared, which have better mechanical properties than 6 series aluminum alloys, in order to meet higher market demands, further improvements in mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, fracture toughness and fatigue resistance of the existing 7 series aluminum alloys are still needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: provides a 7 series aluminum alloy capable of further improving the mechanical property of the alloy and a preparation method thereof.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a7-series aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1.95-2.2% of magnesium, 0.04-0.1% of silicon, 0.05% of iron, 0.15-0.33% of copper, 0.025% of titanium, 5.68-6.05% of zinc, 0.16-0.26% of manganese, 0.02-0.05% of zirconium and the balance of aluminum.
A preparation method of a 7 series aluminum alloy comprises the following steps of sequentially mixing, melting and stirring the components of the 7 series aluminum alloy, and adding an intermediate alloy containing rare earth cerium with the weight percentage of 0.01-0.015% to obtain a first melt; sequentially carrying out primary refining, primary slag skimming and primary standing on the first melt, and carrying out heat preservation treatment on the first melt after the primary standing to obtain a second melt; sequentially carrying out secondary refining, secondary slag skimming and secondary standing on the second melt to obtain a third melt; and sequentially carrying out online vacuum degassing, plate filtration and tubular filtration purification treatment on the third melt, then casting by adopting semi-continuous oil-gas sliding at the temperature of 670-690 ℃, and then sequentially carrying out homogenization and cooling treatment to obtain the 7-series aluminum alloy.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the 7-series aluminum alloy, the contents of Mg and Zn are increased, the magnesium-zinc strengthening phase can be increased, and the mechanical property is further improved, and tests show that the tensile strength of the 7-series aluminum alloy obtained by the method is more than 470, the yield strength is more than 440, and the Vickers hardness HV is more than 160;
(2) the proper weight percentage of Cu, Zr and Mn is added into the components, so that the strength and the corrosion resistance (spalling corrosion) can be improved, and the obtained 7-series aluminum alloy has good fracture toughness and fatigue resistance;
(3) meanwhile, the addition of Mn and Cu in the components also plays a role in promoting the grain refinement, and the average intercept grain can be obtained to be less than or equal to 60 mu m;
(4) the intermediate alloy containing rare earth cerium is added into the components, wherein cerium accounts for 10% of the content of the intermediate alloy, so that the strength and the corrosion resistance of the product can be improved, the extrusion temperature of the product is increased to 560 ℃ (the quenching temperature of the product can be increased after the temperature is increased, the hardness of the product can be directly increased), and the material separation of the product in the CNC processing process can also be avoided;
(5) the 7-series aluminum alloy has the performance that the 7-series aluminum alloy can be applied to aluminum products with mobile phone appearances, meets the appearance highlight and the sand blasting anode effect, and can realize the appearance effect of different colors on the appearance products.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a cross section of a 7-series aluminum alloy according to a first embodiment of the present invention, which is observed with a 50X microscope, showing a coarse-grained layer;
FIG. 2 is a grain size photograph of a whole cross section of a 7-series aluminum alloy under a 50X microscope according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a photograph of the grain size of the longitudinal surface of a 7-series aluminum alloy under a 50X microscope according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a photograph of a longitudinal surface of a 7-series aluminum alloy according to a first embodiment of the present invention taken under a 500X microscope;
FIG. 5 is a photograph showing a cross section of a 7-series aluminum alloy according to a second embodiment of the present invention, which is observed with a 50X microscope, showing a coarse-grained layer;
FIG. 6 is a photograph of the grain size under a 50X microscope of the entire cross section of the 7-series aluminum alloy of the second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a photograph of the grain size under a 50X microscope of the longitudinal surface of a 7-series aluminum alloy according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a photograph of a precipitated phase on a longitudinal surface of a 7-series aluminum alloy according to a second embodiment of the present invention under a 500X microscope;
FIG. 9 is a photograph showing a cross section of a 7-series aluminum alloy according to a third embodiment of the present invention, which is observed for a coarse crystal layer under a 50X microscope;
FIG. 10 is a photograph of the grain size under a 50X microscope of the entire cross section of the 7-series aluminum alloy of example III of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a photograph of the grain size under a 50X microscope of the longitudinal surface of the 7-series aluminum alloy of the third embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a photograph of a precipitated phase on a longitudinal surface of a 7-series aluminum alloy according to a third example of the present invention under a 500X microscope.
Detailed Description
In order to explain technical contents, achieved objects, and effects of the present invention in detail, the following description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings in combination with the embodiments.
The most key concept of the invention is as follows: the Mg and Zn contents are increased, and proper Cu, Zr and Mn are added to increase the Mg-Zn strengthening phase.
The invention relates to a 7-series aluminum alloy which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1.95-2.2% of magnesium, 0.04-0.1% of silicon, 0.04-0.06% of iron, 0.15-0.33% of copper, 0.023-0.028% of titanium, 5.68-6.05% of zinc, 0.16-0.26% of manganese, 0.02-0.05% of zirconium and the balance of aluminum.
A preparation method of a 7 series aluminum alloy comprises the following steps of sequentially mixing, melting and stirring the components of the 7 series aluminum alloy, and adding an intermediate alloy containing rare earth cerium with the weight percentage of 0.01-0.015% to obtain a first melt; sequentially carrying out primary refining, primary slag skimming and primary standing on the first melt, and carrying out heat preservation treatment on the first melt after the primary standing to obtain a second melt; sequentially carrying out secondary refining, secondary slag skimming and secondary standing on the second melt to obtain a third melt; and sequentially carrying out online vacuum degassing, plate filtration and tubular filtration purification treatment on the third melt, then casting by adopting semi-continuous oil-gas sliding at the temperature of 670-690 ℃, and then sequentially carrying out homogenization and cooling treatment to obtain the 7-series aluminum alloy.
From the above description, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1) according to the 7-series aluminum alloy, the contents of Mg and Zn are increased, the magnesium-zinc strengthening phase can be increased, and the mechanical property is further improved, and tests show that the tensile strength of the 7-series aluminum alloy obtained by the method is more than 470, the yield strength is more than 440, and the Vickers hardness HV is more than 160;
(2) the proper weight percentage of Cu, Zr and Mn is added into the components, so that the strength and the corrosion resistance (spalling corrosion) can be improved, and the obtained 7-series aluminum alloy has good fracture toughness and fatigue resistance;
(3) meanwhile, the addition of Mn and Cu in the components also plays a role in promoting the grain refinement, and the average intercept grain can be obtained to be less than or equal to 60 mu m;
(4) the intermediate alloy containing rare earth cerium is added into the components, wherein cerium accounts for 10% of the content of the intermediate alloy, so that the strength and the corrosion resistance of the product can be improved, the extrusion temperature of the product is increased to 560 ℃ (the quenching temperature of the product can be increased after the temperature is increased, the hardness of the product can be directly increased), and the material separation of the product in the CNC processing process can also be avoided;
(5) the 7-series aluminum alloy has the performance that the 7-series aluminum alloy can be applied to aluminum products with mobile phone appearances, meets the appearance highlight and the sand blasting anode effect, and can realize the appearance effect of different colors on the appearance products.
Further, the content of iron was 0.05%, and the content of titanium was 0.025%.
Further, the paint comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.98-2.1% of magnesium, 0.06-0.08% of silicon, 0.05% of iron, 0.21-0.31% of copper, 0.025% of titanium, 5.86-5.95% of zinc, 0.19-0.21% of manganese, 0.03-0.04% of zirconium and the balance of aluminum.
Further, the content of total impurity elements of the 7-series aluminum alloy is lower than 0.05%, and the content of single impurity elements of the 7-series aluminum alloy is not higher than 0.01%.
In the method for producing a 7-series aluminum alloy of the present invention,
further, the homogenization treatment comprises a first homogenization heat treatment and a second homogenization heat treatment, wherein the first homogenization heat treatment specifically comprises: preserving the heat for 2.5 to 3.5 hours at the temperature of 350-; the second homogenization heat treatment specifically comprises the following steps: the temperature is kept for 15 to 16 hours at 490-520 ℃.
Further, the cooling treatment specifically comprises: cooling with cooling strength higher than 360 deg.c/h until the temperature is lowered to room temperature.
Furthermore, in the cooling treatment, a water mist cooling mode is adopted.
The first embodiment of the invention is as follows:
the 7-series aluminum alloy of the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1.95% magnesium, 0.04% silicon, 0.04% iron, 0.15% copper, 0.023% titanium, 5.68% zinc, 0.16% manganese and 0.02% zirconium, the balance being aluminum.
In the preparation method of the 7-series aluminum alloy of the embodiment, the components of the 7-series aluminum alloy are sequentially mixed, melted and stirred, and 0.01 wt% of intermediate alloy containing rare earth cerium is added to obtain a first melt; sequentially carrying out primary refining, primary slag skimming and primary standing on the first melt, and carrying out heat preservation treatment on the first melt after the primary standing to obtain a second melt; sequentially carrying out secondary refining, secondary slag skimming and secondary standing on the second melt to obtain a third melt; carrying out online vacuum degassing, plate filtration and tubular filtration purification treatment on the third melt in sequence, then casting by adopting semi-continuous oil-gas sliding under the condition that the temperature of a liquid cavity is 670 ℃, and then carrying out stepped homogenization treatment, wherein the homogenization treatment sequentially comprises first homogenization heat treatment and second homogenization heat treatment, and the first homogenization heat treatment specifically comprises the following steps: keeping the temperature for 2.5h at 350 ℃; the second homogenization heat treatment specifically comprises the following steps: keeping the temperature at 490 ℃ for 15 h; after the second homogenization heat treatment, cooling by adopting a water mist cooling mode and a cooling intensity of more than 365 ℃/h until the temperature is cooled to room temperature (23-30 ℃); the 7-series aluminum alloy of the present example was obtained.
The second embodiment of the invention is as follows:
the 7-series aluminum alloy of the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 2.2% magnesium, 0.1% silicon, 0.06% iron, 0.33% copper, 0.028% titanium, 6.05% zinc, 0.26% manganese and 0.05% zirconium, the balance being aluminium.
In the preparation method of the 7-series aluminum alloy of the embodiment, the components of the 7-series aluminum alloy are sequentially mixed, melted and stirred, and the intermediate alloy containing the rare earth cerium with the weight percentage of 0.015% is added to obtain a first melt; sequentially carrying out primary refining, primary slag skimming and primary standing on the first melt, and carrying out heat preservation treatment on the first melt after the primary standing to obtain a second melt; sequentially carrying out secondary refining, secondary slag skimming and secondary standing on the second melt to obtain a third melt; the third melt is subjected to online vacuum degassing, plate-type filtration and tubular filtration purification treatment in sequence, then is cast by adopting semi-continuous oil-gas sliding under the condition that the temperature of a liquid cavity is 690 ℃, and then is subjected to stepped homogenization treatment, wherein the homogenization treatment sequentially comprises first homogenization heat treatment and second homogenization heat treatment, and the first homogenization heat treatment specifically comprises the following steps: preserving the heat for 3.5 hours at 380 ℃; the second homogenization heat treatment specifically comprises the following steps: keeping the temperature at 520 ℃ for 16 h; after the second homogenization heat treatment, cooling by adopting a water mist cooling mode and a cooling intensity of more than 380 ℃/h until the temperature is cooled to the room temperature; the 7-series aluminum alloy of the present example was obtained.
The third embodiment of the invention is as follows:
the 7-series aluminum alloy of the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 2% magnesium, 0.08% silicon, 0.05% iron, 0.25% copper, 0.026% titanium, 5.85% zinc, 0.2% manganese and 0.04% zirconium, the balance being aluminum.
In the preparation method of the 7-series aluminum alloy of this embodiment, the ingredients of the 7-series aluminum alloy are sequentially mixed, melted, and stirred, and an intermediate alloy containing rare earth cerium with a weight percentage of 0.013% is added to obtain a first melt; sequentially carrying out primary refining, primary slag skimming and primary standing on the first melt, and carrying out heat preservation treatment on the first melt after the primary standing to obtain a second melt; sequentially carrying out secondary refining, secondary slag skimming and secondary standing on the second melt to obtain a third melt; carrying out online vacuum degassing, plate filtration and tubular filtration purification treatment on the third melt in sequence, then casting by adopting semi-continuous oil-gas sliding under the condition that the temperature of a liquid cavity is 680 ℃, and then carrying out stepped homogenization treatment, wherein the homogenization treatment sequentially comprises first homogenization heat treatment and second homogenization heat treatment, and the first homogenization heat treatment specifically comprises the following steps: preserving the heat for 3 hours at the temperature of 360 ℃; the second homogenization heat treatment specifically comprises the following steps: keeping the temperature for 15.5h at 515 ℃; after the second homogenization heat treatment, cooling by adopting a water mist cooling mode and a cooling intensity of more than 400 ℃/h until the temperature is cooled to the room temperature; the 7-series aluminum alloy of the present example was obtained.
Performance testing
1. The material inspection test was performed on the 7-series aluminum alloys obtained in examples one to three under the following specific test conditions:
1.1 test temperature/humidity: 23 plus or minus 5 ℃/40% -60% RH;
1.2 test items and specifications:
chemical component GB/T7999-2007,
vickers hardness-GB/T4340.1-2009,
the metallographic structure of GB/T3246.1,
tensile test-GB/T228.1-2010;
1.3 test equipment: a direct-reading emission spectrometer, a metallographic microscope, a Vickers hardness tester and a universal material tester;
1.4 results
1.4.1 coarse grain layer thickness, grain size, grain level
See table 1 below for details.
TABLE 1
1.4.2 hardness (unit: HV)
See table 2 below for details.
TABLE 2
1.4.3 tensile strength
See table 3 below for details.
TABLE 3
2. The 7-series aluminum alloys obtained in examples one to three were subjected to metallographic tests, respectively.
Specifically, the metallographic test was carried out using an LEICA DMI3000M inverted metallographic microscope according to the prescribed protocol. The specific operation procedures of the metallographic test are as follows:
2.1 safety operating notes and Special cues
2.1.1 the sample preparation requires increased vigilance, increased attention to safety and careful handling of the sampling equipment.
2.1.2 random or assigned sample samples and preparing a small part of the samples according to relevant requirements for carrying out the test.
2.1.3 taking good samples is labeled with relevant labels to distinguish the samples.
2.1.5 according to the requirement of a client, a certain amount of face descending operation is carried out on the surface of the sample.
2.1.6 selecting different types of metallographic sand (from coarse to fine) and flannelette to grind and polish the test sample.
2.1.7 the polished and ground test sample is placed in a metallographic microscope leica, the magnification is adjusted to 500X, and precipitated phase collection is carried out.
2.1.8 the sample is put into prepared corrosive liquid to corrode. After the corrosion is finished, the sample is placed on a microscope to observe the crystal grains of the sample by 100X or 50X, and a picture is taken and the grain size is evaluated.
2.1.9 the microscope should be turned off and the specimen sample marked and stored after the test is completed.
2.1.10 the test process needs to be carried out safely and carefully when the relevant labor protection articles are worn.
The obtained metallographic test results are graphically shown in fig. 1-12;
the results show that in fig. 1, 5 and 9, the cross sections of the 7-series aluminum alloys corresponding to the first to third examples respectively have a gold phase diagram under a 50X microscope, and no obvious coarse crystal layer can be seen in the diagrams; FIGS. 3, 7 and 11 show the metallographic images of the longitudinal surfaces of the 7-series aluminum alloys of examples one to three under a 50X microscope, wherein the metallographic images are small in grain size and uniform in grain size; in fig. 4, 8, and 12, it can be seen that the longitudinal surfaces of the 7-series aluminum alloys of the first to third examples are uniformly distributed and have small precipitated phases in the metallographic microscope of 500X.
In conclusion, the 7-series aluminum alloy provided by the invention has the advantages of tensile strength of 470 or more, yield strength of 440 or more, Vickers hardness HV of 160 or more, and good fracture toughness and fatigue resistance.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent changes made by using the contents of the present specification and the drawings, or applied directly or indirectly to the related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A preparation method of a 7-series aluminum alloy is characterized in that the components of the 7-series aluminum alloy are sequentially proportioned, melted and stirred, and an intermediate alloy containing rare earth cerium with the weight percentage of 0.01-0.015% is added to obtain a first melt; sequentially carrying out primary refining, primary slag skimming and primary standing on the first melt, and carrying out heat preservation treatment on the first melt after the primary standing to obtain a second melt; sequentially carrying out secondary refining, secondary slag skimming and secondary standing on the second melt to obtain a third melt; sequentially carrying out online vacuum degassing, plate-type filtration and tubular filtration purification treatment on the third melt, then casting by adopting semi-continuous oil-gas sliding at the liquid cavity temperature of 670-690 ℃, and then sequentially carrying out homogenization and cooling treatment to obtain the 7-series aluminum alloy;
the homogenization treatment comprises a first homogenization heat treatment and a second homogenization heat treatment, wherein the first homogenization heat treatment specifically comprises the following steps: preserving the heat for 2.5 to 3.5 hours at the temperature of 350-; the second homogenization heat treatment specifically comprises the following steps: keeping the temperature for 15-16h at 490-520 ℃;
the 7-series aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.98-2.1% of magnesium, 0.06-0.08% of silicon, 0.05% of iron, 0.21-0.31% of copper, 0.025% of titanium, 5.86-5.95% of zinc, 0.19-0.21% of manganese, 0.03-0.04% of zirconium and the balance of aluminum; wherein the content of total impurity elements of the 7 series aluminum alloy is lower than 0.05 percent, and the content of single impurity elements of the 7 series aluminum alloy is not higher than 0.01 percent.
2. The method for producing a 7-series aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the cooling treatment is specifically: cooling with cooling strength higher than 360 deg.c/h until the temperature is lowered to room temperature.
3. The method for producing a 7-series aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the cooling treatment is performed by mist cooling.
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