CN109290583B - 一种消除7075铝合金选择性激光熔化成型裂纹的方法 - Google Patents
一种消除7075铝合金选择性激光熔化成型裂纹的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种消除7075铝合金选择性激光熔化成型裂纹的方法。该方法包括以下步骤:(1)在保护气氛下,将7075铝合金原粉和TiB2亚微粉进行球磨混粉,取出球磨混粉后的粉末并进行干燥;(2)将步骤(1)所述干燥后的粉末加入到选择性激光熔化型设备的储粉缸中,设置选择性激光熔化成型设备的工作参数后进行选择性激光熔化得到7075铝合金成型件,最后将7075铝合金成型件进行加热加压处理即可。该发明通过在7075铝合金原粉末中加入能促进形核的TiB2亚微粉末,消除7075铝合金选择性激光熔化成型的周期裂纹,并将成型零件放入热压炉加热加压以提高零件的致密度。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及3D打印技术领域,更具体地涉及一种消除7075铝合金选择性激光熔化成型裂纹的方法。
背景技术
选择性激光熔化技术是一种增材制造技术,在制造结构复杂的几何形状,增加材料的利用率,减少成本及在生产过程中达到快速冷却方面具有很大的优势。选择性激光熔化技术在航空航天、汽车制造、生物医学等领域具有良好的应用前景,是近年来金属增材制造领域的研究热点。7075铝合金选择性激光熔化技术加工得到的样品存在非常严重的周期性热裂纹,成形得到的样品其强度、韧性、硬度等力学性能都较差。目前已有学者通过静电组装的方法,将ZrH纳米粉末均匀地附着在7075铝合金基体粉末中,将混合的粉末进行选择性激光熔化成形得到了无热裂纹、细小等轴晶的成形试样。但是由于使用静电组装进行混粉后,粉末表面粘附的有机物不易去除,粉末在有机溶液中易氧化,因此该方法工艺上制备合格的混合粉末较为困难。且激光熔化成形的试样存在较多的气孔,影响其力学性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服目前选择性激光熔化技术工艺的不足,提供一种消除7075铝合金选择性激光熔化技术加工裂纹并提高致密度的方法,它通过往7075铝合金原粉末中混入作为形核剂的TiB2亚微粉末,使得混合的粉末在选择性激光熔化过程中抑制了热裂纹的产生,不过尽管抑制了裂纹,但是随着TiB2亚微粉的加入成形零件中TiB2与基体结合不是特别牢固使得零件致密度下降,为此把成形零件放入热压炉中加热加压,使得零件致密度得到提升,且减少零件内部的缺陷。
本发明通过以下技术方案实现:
一种消除7075铝合金选择性激光熔化成型裂纹的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)在保护气氛下,将7075铝合金原粉和TiB2亚微粉进行球磨混粉,将球磨混粉后的粉末干燥;
(2)将步骤(1)所述干燥后的粉末加入到选择性激光熔化成型设备的储粉缸中,设置选择性激光熔化成型设备的工作参数后进行选择性激光熔化得到7075铝合金成型件,最后将7075铝合金成型件进行加热加压处理即可。
优选的,步骤(1)所述7075铝合金原粉和TiB2亚微粉的质量比为97.0~98.5:3.0~1.5。
优选的,步骤(1)所述TiB2亚微粉的平均粒径为0.6μm~3μm。
优选的,步骤(1)所述7075铝合金原粉的粒径范围为20~70μm。
优选的,步骤(2)所述选择性激光熔化成型设备的工作参数为:预热温度100℃~120℃;铺粉厚度30~50μm;激光功率350~380W;扫描速度800~1200mm/s;扫描间距80~120μm。
优选的,步骤(1)所述7075铝合金原粉的成分组成为:Si:<0.40;Mg:2.1~2.9;Cr:0.18~0.28;Zn:5.1~6.1;Fe:<0.5;Ti:<0.05;O:<0.05;Cu:1.2~2.0;Mn:<0.3;其余为Al。
优选的,步骤(1)所述球磨的转速为130~200r/min,所述球磨的时间为2~5h。
优选的,步骤(1)所述的保护气氛为惰性气体或氮气。
优选的,步骤(2)所述加热的温度为100~150℃。
优选的,步骤(2)所述加压的压强为80~120MPa。
优选的,步骤(2)所述加热加压处理的时间为5~12h。
本发明相对于现有技术,具有如下的优点及有益效果:
(1)本发明通过添加TiB2亚微粉末作为形核剂,在进行选择性激光熔化技术加工时,能够有效地抑制热裂纹的产生,从而提高成型零件的力学性能。
(2)本发明将成型零件放入热压炉中加热加压,有效地提高了成型零件的致密度并减少其内部缺陷。
附图说明
图1是本发明所述一种消除7075铝合金选择性激光熔化成型裂纹的方法的流程图。
图2是实施例1中的7075铝合金原粉、TiB2亚微粉以及球磨混粉后的粉末的XRD图。
图3是实施例1球磨混粉后的粉末的扫描电镜图。
图4是075铝合金原粉按照实施例1步骤(4)中所述的方法进行选择性激光熔化成型,得到的成型件的表面抛光图。
图5是实施例1步骤(5)经过加热加压处理后的7075铝合金成型件的表面抛光图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种消除7075铝合金选择性激光熔化成型裂纹的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)在氩气保护的手套箱中,称量7075铝合金原粉和TiB2亚微粉(纯度为99%)待用,7075铝合金原粉和TiB2亚微粉的质量比为98.5:1.5;
(2)将称量好的7075铝合金原粉和TiB2亚微粉在氩气保护手套箱置于球磨罐后锁紧球磨罐,将球磨罐取出后通入高纯度氩气;
(3)将球磨罐放入卧式球磨机中进行混粉,球磨转速为200r/min,混粉时间为3h,将球磨罐取出,放入真空手套箱中取出混合的粉末,将粉末放入干燥箱中在80℃干燥8h;
(4)在选择性激光熔化成型设备中控制计算机,进行三维模型切片和分层处理,并在选择性激光熔化成型设备的控制计算机中储存激光扫描路径;将步骤3中经干燥处理的粉末放入选择性激光熔化成型设备的的储粉缸中,对3D打印机基板进行预热,预热温度为100℃;混好的粉末经过铺粉装置按粉层厚度为30μm逐层铺粉;3D打印机的激光功率设置为370W,扫描速度设定为1000mm/s,扫描间距为90μm,进行选择性激光熔化,逐层烧结粉末,最后制得7075铝合金成型件;
(5)把7075铝合金成型件放入相匹配的石墨模具中,并将其置入热压炉内进行加热和加压,加热温度为150℃,压力为100MPa,加热加压处理时间为12h。
实施例2
一种消除7075铝合金选择性激光熔化成型裂纹的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)在氩气保护的手套箱中,称量7075铝合金原粉和TiB2亚微粉(纯度为99%)待用,7075铝合金原粉和TiB2亚微粉的质量比为97.0:3.0;
(2)将称量好的7075铝合金原粉和TiB2亚微粉在氩气保护手套箱置于球磨罐后锁紧球磨罐,将球磨罐取出后通入高纯度氩气;
(3)将球磨罐放入卧式球磨机中进行混粉,球磨转速为200r/min,混粉时间为5h,将球磨罐取出,放入真空手套箱中取出混合的粉末,将粉末放入干燥箱中在80℃干燥8h;
(4)在选择性激光熔化成型设备中控制计算机,进行三维模型切片和分层处理,并在选择性激光熔化成型设备的控制计算机中储存激光扫描路径;将步骤3中经干燥处理的粉末放入选择性激光熔化成型设备的的储粉缸中,对3D打印机基板进行预热,预热温度为100℃;混好的粉末经过铺粉装置按粉层厚度为30μm逐层铺粉;3D打印机的激光功率设置为370W,扫描速度设定为1000mm/s,扫描间距为90μm,进行选择性激光熔化,逐层烧结粉末,最后制得7075铝合金成型件;
(5)把7075铝合金成型件放入相匹配的石墨模具中,并将其置入热压炉内进行加热和加压,加热温度为150℃,压力为100MPa,加热加压处理时间为12h。
将7075铝合金原粉按照实施例1步骤(4)中所述的方法进行选择性激光熔化成型,得到的成型件的表面抛光图如图4所示,从图4中可以看到:成型试样表面存在大量周期性裂纹。
图5是实施例1步骤(5)经过加热加压处理后的7075铝合金成型件的表面抛光图。由图5可以看到:成型试样表面裂纹得到消除。
图3是实施例1球磨混粉后的粉末的扫描电镜图。由图3可以看到:TiB2粉末较为均匀地附着在7075铝合金粉末表面。
实施例2制得的7075铝合金成型件的表面抛光如和实施例1相似,成型试样表面裂纹也得到了消除。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (1)
1.一种消除7075铝合金选择性激光熔化成型裂纹的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)在惰性气体或氮气气氛下,将粒径为20~70μm的7075铝合金原粉和平均粒径为0.6~3μm的TiB2亚微粉在130~200r/min下球磨混粉2~5h,将球磨混粉后的粉末干燥;
其中,7075铝合金原粉和TiB2亚微粉的质量比为97.0~98.5:3.0~1.5;
(2)将步骤(1)所述干燥后的粉末加入到选择性激光熔化型设备的储粉缸中,设置选择性激光熔化成型设备的工作参数后进行选择性激光熔化得到7075铝合金成型件,最后将7075铝合金成型件在80~120MPa、100~150℃下进行加热加压处理5~12h即可;
其中,选择性激光熔化成型设备的工作参数为:预热温度100~120℃;铺粉厚度为30~50μm;激光功率350~380W;扫描速度800~1200mm/s;扫描间距80~120μm。
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