CN109290582A - A kind of preparation method of high-performance dispersion-strengtherning copper-chromium contact material - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of high-performance dispersion-strengtherning copper-chromium contact material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of preparation methods of high-performance dispersion-strengtherning copper-chromium contact material, comprising the following steps: (1) selects electrolytic copper powder and electrolytic chromium powder as raw material, and proportion is copper chromium powder as required；(2) copper chromium powder is subjected to hydrogen shield ball milling mixing；(3) laser gain material printing is carried out according to copper chromium contact model；(4) copper chromium printing blank sample is heat-treated；(5) surface working process is finally carried out.The present invention requires starting powder low, existing powder can be used directly to be printed, the copper-chromium contact material the prepared chromium granular size that is averaged can reach 1-2 μm simultaneously, has the advantages that gas content is low, hardness is high, the break performance and arc resistant ablation property of copper-chromium contact material can be greatly improved, also have many advantages, such as production procedure simply, it can be achieved that industrialized production, and effect are high, at low cost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metal material increases material manufacturing technology fields, and in particular to a kind of high-performance dispersion-strengtherning copper chromium contact
The preparation method of material.
Background technique
Vacuum circuit breaker due to operational safety, it is reliable, be affected by the external environment it is small, it is non-maintaining the features such as, from 19 worlds 70
Age starts vacuum circuit breaker and is widely used in transmission & distribution electrical domain substitution oil-break and F6S breaker, and copper chromium contact material
Material is due to good break performance, resistance fusion welding and high resistance fusion welding energy, so becoming vacuum circuit breaker electrode material
First choice.But as vacuum circuit breaker improves 126kV grade till now from initial 12kV grade, and not with technology
Disconnected development, also to miniaturization, intelligent development, therefore it is higher and higher to the copper-chromium contact material performance requirement of core.
In copper-chromium contact material, when chromium particle gets over fine uniform distribution, the break performance of contact material, arc resistant ablation
Performance is better, and value of shutting off is lower.Copper-chromium contact material industrialized production preparation process mainly has vacuum casting, vacuum at present
The metallurgical four kinds of techniques of infiltration, electric arc melting and mixed powder.In four kinds of preparation processes, the copper chromium that electric arc melting technique is prepared is touched
Head material tissue is most tiny, most property is optimal, but restricted the problems such as being formed on arc temperature, cooling rate, average chromium in tissue
Grain is difficult to accomplish that more small and dispersed is distributed again at 30 μm or so, and there are Local enrichment.Meanwhile current metal increasing material manufacturing
In, in order to guarantee material homogeneity and stability during increasing material manufacturing, all there is high requirement, such as spherical powder to metal powder
End improves mobility, and addition glue is bonded etc., is unfavorable for the production of mass low cost and application.
For example, patent CN107931607 discloses a kind of method using laser gain material technology manufacture chromiumcopper, this is specially
Benefit carries out 3D printing copper-chromium contact material using laser.It is required that the average particle size of Cr powder is at 2 μm, the granularity of copper powder is at 5-50 μm.
It is well known that the granularity of powder is smaller, activity can be higher, it is easier to aoxidize.And chromium powder, copper powder other metal powders are easier to oxygen
Change, therefore the chromiumcopper too high oxygen level that the patent is prepared may not apply to vacuum circuit breaker in high vacuum requirement.And
And chromium powder of the average particle size less than 2 μm, production difficulty is big, and cost is very high, cannot achieve industrialized production.Patent
CN105839037A discloses a kind of cu cr contact material laser surface modification method, and system prepares copper using common process first
Chromium contact alloy reuses laser and carries out surface remelting processing, and feature is to can achieve the effect of contact surface chromium particle refinement,
But copper chromium contact piece must be first prepared using other techniques, then carry out surface remelting, high production cost.Meanwhile in copper chromium
Alloy surface carries out secondary remelting, and since copper chromium contact thickness is small, heat is uneven in reflow process, and contact deformation is easily caused to make
At dimension overproof, therefore can not be applied in mass production.Patent CN102943189 is similar to above-mentioned patent, also can not be real
Existing mass production application.
Therefore refine chromium particle more, Dispersed precipitate more evenly and realizes low cost in batches
Production becomes the technological difficulties of copper-chromium contact material performance raising.
Summary of the invention
For the technical problem present on, the present invention provides a kind of copper chromium contact for requiring original chromium powder low preparation
In material chromium particle more refine, Dispersed precipitate more evenly and can low cost batch production high-performance dispersion-strengtherning copper chromium contact material
The preparation method of material.
The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a kind of preparation method of high-performance dispersion-strengtherning copper-chromium contact material, including it is following
Step:
(1) choosing electrolytic chromium powder and electrolytic copper powder is raw material, and according to the copper-chromium contact material of required design to electricity
Solution chromium powder and electrolytic copper powder are weighed respectively, are matched as copper chromium powder；
(2) it is fitted into atmosphere protection ball mill, is mixing together with by the copper chromium powder and steel ball according to certain ratio of grinding media to material
It first vacuumizes in the process and is re-filled with hydrogen shield, then start ball milling, Ball-milling Time 1-5h obtains ball milling mixing powder；
(3) the ball milling mixing powder is fitted into powdering formula laser printing apparatus, is evacuated to 500Pa hereinafter, according to setting
The product size of meter models printing in printing device；
(4) the printed blank sample of step (3) is heat-treated；
(5) sample after step (4) heat treatment is subjected to surface working process by finished product contact size, it is final reaches design
It is required that surface roughness and precision.
Further, the granularity of electrolytic chromium powder described in step (1) is 20-200 μm, and the granularity of the electrolytic copper powder is
50-300μm.Due to the present invention to raw material require it is low, can select larger particle, the lower copper powder of oxygen content and
Chromium powder, to reduce the cost of raw material, while biggish granularity can guarantee low gas content；
Further, electrolytic chromium powder described in step (1) and the shape of electrolytic copper powder are spherical, dendriform or irregular shape
Any one, the present invention is to the pattern of copper powder, chromium powder without particular/special requirement, the chromium powder and electrolytic copper powder of normal use.
Further, the chromium powder weight of copper chromium powder described in step (1) is between 10-60wt%, and copper powder weight is in 40-
Between 90wt%.
Further, ratio of grinding media to material described in step (2) is (0.5:1)~(1:5).
Further, it is evacuated to described in step (2) less than 10-1pa, hydrogen is charged to 0.6Mpa.With atmosphere protection
Prevent Powder Oxidation while restoring powder to reduce the effect of gas content.
Further, the powdering of every layer of ball milling mixing powder of printing is with a thickness of between 5-300 μm in step (3), powdering
Thickness is too thin or the too thick final effect that can all influence 3D printing.
Further, print parameters described in step (3) are as follows: laser power 150-800W, beating scanning speed is 100-
500mm/s, lasing beam diameter are 50-300 μm.
Further, heat treatment temperature described in step (4) is 700-850 DEG C, keeps the temperature 1-3h.
Further, it needs that sample surfaces clean with acetone cleaning agent before the working process of surface in step (5) pre-
It handles, is gone after working process using fine pollutants and oxide of the radio frequency plasma cleaning machine to the surface of finished product
It removes, improves the uniformity of sample surfaces chromium particle dispersion distribution.Wherein, radio-frequency power supply power 100-120W, is rushed using hydrogen
It washes, air-flow 25-30sccm, air pressure 4Pa, time 15-20min.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the benefit that
(1) raw material copper, chromium powder are not specially required, can be selected it is more economical be applicable in, the present copper that gas content is low, chromium
Powder；
(2) in mixed powder, print procedure can oxygen content further to copper chromium powder end it is further lower, to make the touching of copper chromium
Head material has lower gas content；
(3) chromium particle small and dispersed is distributed in the copper chromium contact printed, and average particle size can reach between 1-2 μm, and is had
Have the advantages that gas content is low, hardness is high, greatly improves the break performance and arc resistant ablation property of copper-chromium contact material；
(4) production procedure is simple, it can be achieved that industrialized production, and effect is high, at low cost.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is process flow chart of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the X100 times of metallographic microscope using the copper-chromium contact material product surface of the method for the present invention preparation；
Fig. 3 is the X500 times of metallographic microscope using the copper-chromium contact material product surface of the method for the present invention preparation.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below by way of specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of preparation method of high-performance dispersion-strengtherning copper-chromium contact material, comprising the following steps:
(1) it is former material that selected shape, which is spherical electrolytic chromium powder (granularity is 20 μm) and electrolytic copper powder (granularity is 50 μm),
Material, and according to the materials demand of CuCr25, electrolytic copper powder and electrolytic chromium powder that weight percent is 75:25 are mixed, matched
Than for copper chromium powder；Since the present invention requires raw material low, particle is larger, the lower copper powder of oxygen content can select
And chromium powder, to reduce the cost of raw material, while biggish granularity can guarantee low gas content；
(2) proportioned copper chromium powder is fitted into atmosphere protection ball mill together with steel ball and is mixed, ratio of grinding media to material exists
0.5:1, mixed process feature, which formerly vacuumizes, is being flushed with hydrogen gas shielded progress, and there is atmosphere protection to prevent Powder Oxidation while restore
The effect of powder reduction gas content.Its characteristic parameter is formerly evacuated down to 10-1To 0.6Mpa, then pa hereinafter, be flushed with hydrogen gas again
Start ball milling, Ball-milling Time 1h.
(3) ball milling mixing powder is fitted into powdering formula laser printing apparatus, prints the powdering thickness of every layer of ball milling mixing powder
It is 5 μm.500Pa is evacuated to hereinafter, modeling printing, print parameters in printing device according to the product size of design are as follows: swash
Optical power is 150W, and beating scanning speed is 100mm/s, and lasing beam diameter is 50 μm.
(4) the printed blank sample of step (3) is heat-treated, heat treatment temperature is 700 DEG C, keeps the temperature 1h.
(5) sample after step (4) heat treatment is subjected to surface working process by finished product contact size, it is final reaches design
It is required that surface roughness and precision.
Further, it needs that sample surfaces clean with acetone cleaning agent before the working process of surface in step (5) pre-
It handles, is gone after working process using fine pollutants and oxide of the radio frequency plasma cleaning machine to the surface of finished product
It removes, improves the uniformity of sample surfaces chromium particle dispersion distribution.Wherein, radio-frequency power supply power 100-120W, is rushed using hydrogen
It washes, air-flow 25-30sccm, air pressure 4Pa, time 15-20min.
Embodiment 2
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of preparation method of high-performance dispersion-strengtherning copper-chromium contact material, comprising the following steps:
(2) selected shape is dendriform electrolytic chromium powder (granularity is 100 μm) and electrolytic copper powder (granularity is 200 μm) is
Raw material, and according to the materials demand of CuCr25, electrolytic copper powder and electrolytic chromium powder that weight percent is 75:25 are mixed
It closes, matches as copper chromium powder；Since the present invention requires raw material low, particle is larger, oxygen content is lower can select
Copper powder and chromium powder, to reduce the cost of raw material, while biggish granularity can guarantee low gas content；
(2) proportioned copper chromium powder is fitted into atmosphere protection ball mill together with steel ball and is mixed, ratio of grinding media to material exists
0.7:3, mixed process feature, which formerly vacuumizes, is being flushed with hydrogen gas shielded progress, and there is atmosphere protection to prevent Powder Oxidation while restore
The effect of powder reduction gas content.Its characteristic parameter is formerly evacuated down to 10-1To 0.6Mpa, then pa hereinafter, be flushed with hydrogen gas again
Start ball milling, Ball-milling Time 3h.
(3) ball milling mixing powder is fitted into powdering formula laser printing apparatus, prints the powdering thickness of every layer of ball milling mixing powder
It is 150 μm, powdering thickness is too thin or the too thick final effect that can all influence 3D printing.500Pa is evacuated to hereinafter, according to setting
The product size of meter models printing, print parameters in printing device are as follows: laser power 450W, beating scanning speed is 300mm/
S, lasing beam diameter are 175 μm.
(4) the printed blank sample of step (3) is heat-treated, heat treatment temperature is 800 DEG C, keeps the temperature 2h.
(5) sample after step (4) heat treatment is subjected to surface working process by finished product contact size, it is final reaches design
It is required that surface roughness and precision.
Embodiment 3
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of preparation method of high-performance dispersion-strengtherning copper-chromium contact material, comprising the following steps:
(3) selected shape is the electrolytic chromium powder (granularity is 200 μm) of irregular shape and electrolytic copper powder (granularity is 300 μm) is
Raw material, and according to the materials demand of CuCr25, electrolytic copper powder and electrolytic chromium powder that weight percent is 75:25 are mixed
It closes, matches as copper chromium powder；Since the present invention requires raw material low, particle is larger, oxygen content is lower can select
Copper powder and chromium powder, to reduce the cost of raw material, while biggish granularity can guarantee low gas content；
(2) proportioned copper chromium powder is fitted into atmosphere protection ball mill together with steel ball and is mixed, ratio of grinding media to material is 1:
5, mixed process feature, which formerly vacuumizes, is being flushed with hydrogen gas shielded progress, and there is atmosphere protection to prevent Powder Oxidation while restore powder
Reduce the effect of gas content.Its characteristic parameter is formerly evacuated down to 10-1Then pa starts hereinafter, be flushed with hydrogen gas again to 0.6Mpa
Ball milling, Ball-milling Time 5h.
(3) ball milling mixing powder is fitted into powdering formula laser printing apparatus, prints the powdering thickness of every layer of ball milling mixing powder
Between 300 μm, powdering thickness is too thin or the too thick final effect that can all influence 3D printing.Be evacuated to 500Pa hereinafter, according to
The product size of design models printing, print parameters in printing device are as follows: laser power 800W, beating scanning speed is
500mm/s, lasing beam diameter are 300 μm.
(4) the printed blank sample of step (3) is heat-treated, heat treatment temperature is 850 DEG C, keeps the temperature 3h.
(5) sample after step (4) heat treatment is subjected to surface working process by finished product contact size, it is final reaches design
It is required that surface roughness and precision.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment is substantially the same manner as Example 2, the difference is that, the electrolytic copper powder for being 70:30 by weight percent
It is mixed, is matched as CuCr30 copper chromium powder with electrolytic chromium powder.
Embodiment 5
The present embodiment is substantially the same manner as Example 2, the difference is that, the electrolytic copper powder for being 60:40 by weight percent
It is mixed, is matched as CuCr40 copper chromium powder with electrolytic chromium powder.
The sample after heat treatment is subjected to surface working process by finished product contact size in (5) the embodiment 1-5 the step of
It is preceding that cleaning pretreatment is carried out with acetone cleaning agent to sample surfaces, utilize radio frequency plasma cleaning machine to finished product after working process
The fine pollutants and oxide on surface are removed, and improve the uniformity of sample surfaces chromium particle dispersion distribution.Wherein, it penetrates
Frequency power power 110W, is rinsed using hydrogen, air-flow 27sccm, air pressure 4Pa, time 20min.
Embodiment 2,4,5 carries out correlated performance testing experiment, and test result is as shown in table 1.
The correlation performance parameters of 1 unlike material copper chromium material of table
As seen from the above table, the copper chromium material that above step prints according to the present invention, chromium average particle size is in 1-2 μ
M Dispersed precipitate is being organized, and has preferable conductance and hardness.The wherein X100 times of metallographic and X500 times of metallographic of embodiment 2
It is as shown in Figures 2 and 3 respectively.
So far, although those skilled in the art will appreciate that present invention has been shown and described in detail herein multiple shows
Example property embodiment still without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, still can according to the present disclosure directly
Determine or deduce out many other variations or modifications consistent with the principles of the invention.Therefore, the scope of the present invention is understood that and recognizes
It is set to and covers all such other variations or modifications.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of preparation method of high-performance dispersion-strengtherning copper-chromium contact material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) it chooses electrolytic chromium powder and electrolytic copper powder is raw material, and according to the copper-chromium contact material of required design to electrolysis chromium
Powder and electrolytic copper powder are weighed respectively, are matched as copper chromium powder；
(2) it is fitted into atmosphere protection ball mill together with by the copper chromium powder and steel ball according to certain ratio of grinding media to material, in mixed process
Middle first vacuumize is re-filled with hydrogen shield, then starts ball milling, and Ball-milling Time 1-5h obtains ball milling mixing powder；
(3) the ball milling mixing powder is fitted into powdering formula laser printing apparatus, is evacuated to 500Pa hereinafter, according to design
Product size models printing in printing device；
(4) the printed blank sample of step (3) is heat-treated；
(5) sample after step (4) heat treatment is subjected to surface working process by finished product contact size, reaches design and finally requires
Surface roughness and precision.
2. a kind of preparation method of high-performance dispersion-strengtherning copper-chromium contact material as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that step
Suddenly the granularity of electrolytic chromium powder described in (1) is 20-200 μm, and the granularity of the electrolytic copper powder is 50-300 μm.
3. a kind of preparation method of high-performance dispersion-strengtherning copper-chromium contact material as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that step
Suddenly electrolytic chromium powder described in (1) and the shape of electrolytic copper powder be spherical, dendriform or irregular shape any one.
4. a kind of preparation method of high-performance dispersion-strengtherning copper-chromium contact material as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that step
Suddenly the chromium powder weight of copper chromium powder described in (1) is between 10-60wt%, and copper powder weight is between 40-90wt%.
5. a kind of preparation method of high-performance dispersion-strengtherning copper-chromium contact material as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that step
Suddenly ratio of grinding media to material described in (2) is (0.5:1)~(1:5).
6. a kind of preparation method of high-performance dispersion-strengtherning copper-chromium contact material as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that step
Suddenly it is evacuated to described in (2) less than 10-1Pa, hydrogen are charged to 0.6Mpa.
7. a kind of preparation method of high-performance dispersion-strengtherning copper-chromium contact material as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that step
Suddenly in (3) powdering of every layer of ball milling mixing powder of printing with a thickness of between 5-300 μm.
8. a kind of preparation method of high-performance dispersion-strengtherning copper-chromium contact material as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that step
Suddenly print parameters described in (3) are as follows: laser power 150-800W, beating scanning speed is 100-500mm/s, and lasing beam diameter is
50-300μm。
9. a kind of preparation method of high-performance dispersion-strengtherning copper-chromium contact material as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that step
Suddenly heat treatment temperature described in (4) is 700-850 DEG C, keeps the temperature 1-3h.
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| CN115070063A (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2022-09-20 | 陕西斯瑞新材料股份有限公司 | Preparation method of electron beam 3D printing copper-chromium contact |
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