CN109287418B - Method for cultivating gastrodia elata by using medicine residues - Google Patents
Method for cultivating gastrodia elata by using medicine residues Download PDFInfo
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- CN109287418B CN109287418B CN201811297348.6A CN201811297348A CN109287418B CN 109287418 B CN109287418 B CN 109287418B CN 201811297348 A CN201811297348 A CN 201811297348A CN 109287418 B CN109287418 B CN 109287418B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/40—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure
- A01G24/42—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure of granular or aggregated structure
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/40—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure
- A01G24/44—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure in block, mat or sheet form
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Abstract
The invention discloses a technology for preparing a fungus material and cultivating gastrodia elata by utilizing dregs, belonging to the technical field of gastrodia elata planting; after the dregs of a decoction are pretreated, a part of the dregs of a decoction are inoculated with armillaria mellea fungi to prepare armillaria mellea dreg granules, a part of the dregs of a decoction are pressed into a dreg synthetic bacterial plate through an extrusion device to serve as a bacterial material to replace the traditional wood, and the dreg synthetic bacterial plate is used for the imitated wild cultivation of the gastrodia elata.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of planting of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating gastrodia elata by utilizing dregs.
Background
Gastrodia elata Bl, also known as Thymus chinensis, Pleurospermum, Lygodium japonicum, Angelica sinensis, Potentilla chinensis, Gastrodia elata, Clinopodium polycephalum, and Potentilla chinensis, is a perennial herb of Gastrodia genus of Orchidaceae; the gastrodia elata has no roots and no green leaves, can not be subjected to photosynthesis to produce nutrition, but is symbiotic with the armillaria mellea, and the metabolic products of the armillaria mellea are dissolved and absorbed by depending on lysozyme in vivo to be the nutrition; the traditional gastrodia elata cultivation technology is alternately carried out by asexual propagation and sexual propagation, firstly, armillaria mellea bacterial wood or bacterial bed is cultured, generally, broad-leaved trees can be used as materials for culturing the armillaria mellea, but the oak seeds such as oak, Chinese chestnut, cork oak and the like are best; gastrodia elata is bred by tubers, wherein white ramie and rice ramie which have no obvious top buds and are small in individual are mainly used as seed ramie, the proper period of planting is from 11 months to 3 months next year, but the seeds are planted in 11 months. Adopts a fungus material accompanying cultivation method or a fungus bed cultivation method. Indoor cultivation, outdoor cultivation and air-raid cultivation can be selected. Sexual reproduction: the gastrodia seeds are extremely small, consist of embryos and seed coats, have no endosperm or other nutrient storage, and are very difficult to germinate. In the seed germination stage, a symbiotic nutritional relationship must be established with symbiotic germination bacteria such as osmunda japonica and pleurotus ostreatus, and seeds can germinate. The method can be used for seeding by adopting a tree leaf fungus bed method or an accompanying fungus seeding method.
The broad-leaved trees of fagaceae and betulinaceae, such as chestnut, oak, birch, wild cherry, alder, white gourd and other trees, on which the gastrodia elata lives, are late-growing trees, have slow growth speed and poor regeneration capability, are important ecological protection trees in mountain areas of China, and are also important trees which are strictly forbidden to be harvested and harvested repeatedly in China. If the gastrodia elata is planted in a large area and proper fungus materials are not available, the broad-leaved trees are felled without control, and forest resources are seriously damaged. Therefore, the popularization and the expansion of the gastrodia elata planting are always limited by forest resources, the modern, industrialized and standardized planting scale cannot be formed to meet the requirements, the use of seeking suitable fungus material resources to replace natural fungus materials is the first problem to be solved by the existing gastrodia elata planting popularization, and in the prior art, the gastrodia elata planting popularization method has the following patent: a gastrodia elata cultivation method based on caulis polygoni multiflori dregs, which has the following patent numbers: CN201510104888.8 discloses a gastrodia elata cultivation method based on caulis polygoni multiflori dregs, which is to treat the caulis polygoni multiflori dregs; culturing caulis Polygoni Multiflori residue; selecting land; sowing; harvesting, namely, cultivating the gastrodia elata by using vine residues of multiflower knotweed as a cultivation raw material, so that the environmental pollution caused by medicine residues is reduced, and the damage to forests caused by cultivating the gastrodia elata can be reduced, but the vine residues of the multiflower knotweed are directly utilized, armillaria mellea cannot be thoroughly decomposed and utilized, the utilization rate of the medicine residues is low, and meanwhile, the growth of the gastrodia elata can be influenced due to too strong water absorption of the medicine residues, and the method is characterized in that: "industrial cultivation of Gastrodia elata" patent no: CN00134935.X is prepared by sterilizing straw, and adding appropriate amount of curing agent type adhesive; such as gypsum, tree, wood glue and other colloid substances, so that the interior of the culture base material is relatively solidified to a certain degree, and the surface is sealed to a certain degree; regulating pH of culture medium to 4-6 to prevent natural decomposition of nutrient material; compressing the culture material; after the culture medium is prepared, applying external force to carry out mechanical processing compression treatment, so that the internal tissue space of the culture medium is relatively reduced and concentrated after being extruded; cultivating rhizoma Gastrodiae with the prepared culture medium in farmland, wild land, front and back of house, greenhouse, etc.; the growth of the armillaria mellea can be influenced by pressing and molding the straw culture medium by using a curing agent type adhesive.
Along with the enhancement of health consciousness of people and the continuous international approval of Chinese herbal medicine status, the discharge amount of traditional Chinese medicine dregs is increasing day by day, according to incomplete statistics, the traditional Chinese medicine dregs generated in the production process of a medicine enterprise can reach as many as millions of tons (kokuaijian, 2013) every year, and if a large amount of traditional Chinese medicine dregs do not have a proper treatment mode, the waste of resources is caused, the ecological environment is also damaged, the dregs are recycled, and the pollution problem of the traditional Chinese medicine dregs to the environment is reduced; the comprehensive utilization of the traditional Chinese medicine dregs and the planting and popularization of the gastrodia elata are considered in a combined mode, and the dregs are used as fungus materials for planting and cultivating the gastrodia elata by a reasonable scheme, so that the problem that the fungus materials for planting the gastrodia elata are lack can be solved, and the problem that the dregs pollute the environment can be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for cultivating gastrodia elata by using medicine residues, which is characterized in that the medicine residues or Chinese medicinal extraction byproducts are physically extruded to prepare novel fungus materials for cultivating the gastrodia elata to replace natural fungus materials, so that the planting period of the gastrodia elata is shortened, meanwhile, a new way is provided for comprehensive utilization of the medicine residues, the pollution of the medicine residues to the environment is reduced, the ecological environment is protected comprehensively, and the following technical scheme is adopted to achieve the aim:
a method for cultivating gastrodia elata by using medicine dregs is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step A, pretreatment of dregs of a decoction: crushing the dregs of a decoction, adding 1-3 parts of phosphogypsum, 0.3-2 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 0.3-2 parts of magnesium sulfate and 3-5 parts of dregs of a decoction tanning extract by weight of 100 parts of dry dregs of a decoction, uniformly mixing, and adding water to ensure that the water content is as follows: 50-70%, controlling the temperature to be 25-30 ℃, and fermenting in a sealing way for 3-5 days for later use;
and B, inoculating Armillaria mellea in the medicine dregs: b, filling the dregs fermented in the step A into a plastic bag, sterilizing the bag for 2 to 3 hours at the temperature of 121 ℃, and cooling the bag to room temperature; transferring the cooled residue to a sterile room, inoculating Armillaria mellea secondary strain, transferring the inoculated plastic bag to a culture room, and culturing at 25-30 deg.C for 3-4 months;
c, extruding, granulating and preparing a plate, namely placing part of the dregs of the armillaria mellea mycelium obtained in the step B into an extruding and granulating machine, and extruding to obtain dregs of a decoction granules; pressing one part of the mixture into a medicine residue synthetic board, and forming holes on the synthetic board for later use;
d, planting and cultivating, namely selecting a loam forest land which is rich in humus, loose in texture and good in drainage, performing soil preparation to prepare a gastrodia elata planting pond with the depth of 10-20cm at the altitude of 1500-3000m and the soil pH of 6.5-7.0; digging soil at the bottom of a culture pond, paving dregs of a decoction granule containing the armillaria mellea prepared in the step C at the bottom, paving a dregs of a decoction synthesis plate containing the armillaria mellea prepared in the step C on the surface of the granule, vertically inserting seed ramie into a hole of the dregs of a decoction synthesis plate, enabling a stem bud to be upward when the seed ramie is inserted, enabling an umbilical eye to be downward to contact with the dregs of a decoction granule, filling a gap of the hole with the dregs of a decoction granule after the seed ramie is inserted, and covering 8-10cm of sandy soil on the hole; and weeds are covered on the sandy soil to keep the soil moist.
Wherein the thickness of the decoction dreg synthetic plate is 3-5cm, the diameter of the holes on the synthetic plate is 1-3cm, and the distance between the holes is 1-2 cm. The planting and cultivating time of the step D is 10-11 months per year.
The beneficial effects of the invention relative to the prior art are shown in the following aspects:
(1) firstly, the dregs of a decoction are pressed into granules and synthetic boards by adopting a physical extrusion technology for planting and cultivating the gastrodia elata, so that the natural wood can be effectively replaced, and the damage to the ecological environment is reduced.
(2) The dregs of a decoction are inoculated with Armillaria mellea culture mycelium before being extruded into granules and synthetic plates, and then the dregs of a decoction containing Armillaria mellea granules and the synthetic plates are directly used for cultivating the gastrodia elata, so that the planting and cultivating time of the gastrodia elata is shortened.
(3) The seed hempseeds are inserted into the herb residue synthetic board for cultivation, so that the damage to the gastrodia elata in the gastrodia elata harvesting process can be effectively reduced, the harvesting damage rate is reduced, and the product percent of pass is improved.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the cultivation technique of the present invention
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings, and the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments.
Example 1
A method for cultivating gastrodia elata by using medicine dregs is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step A, pretreatment of dregs of a decoction: crushing the dregs of a decoction, adding 1 part of phosphogypsum, 2 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 0.3 part of magnesium sulfate and 5 parts of dregs of a decoction tanning extract by weight of 100 parts of dry dregs of a decoction, uniformly mixing, and adding water to ensure that the water content is as follows: 50 percent, controlling the temperature to be 25 ℃, and fermenting for 5 days in a sealing way for standby;
and B, inoculating Armillaria mellea in the medicine dregs: b, filling the dregs fermented in the step A into a plastic bag, sterilizing the bag for 2 hours at 121 ℃ under high pressure, and cooling the bag to room temperature; conveying the cooled medicinal residues to a sterile room, inoculating Armillaria mellea secondary strain, conveying the inoculated plastic bag to a culture room, and culturing at 30 deg.C for 3 months;
c, extruding, granulating and preparing a plate, namely placing part of the dregs of the armillaria mellea mycelium obtained in the step B into an extruding and granulating machine, and extruding to obtain dregs of a decoction granules; pressing one part of the mixture into a medicine residue synthetic board, and forming holes on the synthetic board for later use;
d, planting and cultivating, namely selecting a loam forest land which is rich in humus, loose in texture and good in drainage, and preparing a gastrodia elata planting pond with the elevation of 3000m and the soil pH of 6.5, wherein the planting pond is 20cm deep; digging soil at the bottom of a culture pond, paving decoction dreg particles containing the armillaria mellea prepared in the step C at the bottom, paving a decoction dreg synthetic plate containing the armillaria mellea prepared in the step C on the surface of the particles, vertically inserting seed ramie into holes of the decoction dreg synthetic plate, enabling stem buds to be upward when the seed ramie is inserted, enabling navel eyes to be downward to be in contact with the decoction dreg particles, filling gaps of the holes with the medicine dreg particles after the seed ramie is inserted, and covering 8cm of sandy soil on the holes; and weeds are covered on the sandy soil to keep the soil moist.
Wherein the thickness of the decoction dreg synthetic plate is 5cm, the diameter of the holes on the synthetic plate is 1cm, and the distance between the holes is 1 cm. The planting and cultivating time of the step D is 10 months per year.
Example 2
A method for cultivating gastrodia elata by using medicine dregs is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step A, pretreatment of dregs of a decoction: crushing the dregs of a decoction, adding 3 parts of phosphogypsum, 0.3 part of monopotassium phosphate, 2 parts of magnesium sulfate and 3 parts of dregs of a decoction tanning extract by weight of 100 parts of dry dregs of a decoction, uniformly mixing, and adding water to ensure that the water content is as follows: 70 percent, controlling the temperature to be 25 ℃, and fermenting for 5 days in a sealing way for standby;
and B, inoculating Armillaria mellea in the medicine dregs: b, filling the dregs fermented in the step A into a plastic bag, carrying out autoclaving for 3 hours at the temperature of 121 ℃, and cooling to room temperature; conveying the cooled medicinal residues to a sterile room, inoculating Armillaria mellea secondary strain, conveying the inoculated plastic bag to a culture room, and culturing at 30 deg.C for 4 months;
c, extruding, granulating and preparing a plate, namely placing part of the dregs of the armillaria mellea mycelium obtained in the step B into an extruding and granulating machine, and extruding to obtain dregs of a decoction granules; pressing one part of the mixture into a medicine residue synthetic board, and forming holes on the synthetic board for later use;
d, planting and cultivating, namely selecting a loam forest land which is rich in humus, loose in texture and good in drainage, and preparing a gastrodia elata planting pond with the elevation of 1500m and the soil pH of 7.0, wherein the planting pond is 10cm deep; digging soil at the bottom of a culture pond, paving decoction dreg particles containing the armillaria mellea prepared in the step C at the bottom, paving a decoction dreg synthetic plate containing the armillaria mellea prepared in the step C on the surface of the particles, vertically inserting seed ramie into holes of the decoction dreg synthetic plate, enabling stem buds to be upward when the seed ramie is inserted, enabling navel eyes to be downward to be in contact with the decoction dreg particles, filling gaps of the holes with the medicine dreg particles after the seed ramie is inserted, and covering 10cm of sandy soil on the holes; and weeds are covered on the sandy soil to keep the soil moist.
Wherein the thickness of the decoction dreg synthetic plate is 5cm, the diameter of the holes on the synthetic plate is 3cm, and the distance between the holes is 1 cm. The planting and cultivating time of the step D is 11 months per year.
Example 3
A method for cultivating gastrodia elata by using medicine dregs is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step A, pretreatment of dregs of a decoction: crushing the dregs of a decoction, adding 2 parts of phosphogypsum, 1 part of monopotassium phosphate, 1 part of magnesium sulfate and 4 parts of dregs of a decoction tanning extract by weight of 100 parts of dry dregs of a decoction, uniformly mixing, and adding water to ensure that the water content is as follows: 60 percent, controlling the temperature to be 28 ℃, and fermenting for 4 days in a sealing way for standby;
and B, inoculating Armillaria mellea in the medicine dregs: b, filling the dregs fermented in the step A into a plastic bag, sterilizing the bag for 2.5 hours at 121 ℃, and cooling the bag to room temperature; conveying the cooled medicine residues to a sterile room, inoculating a second-level strain of the armillaria mellea, conveying the inoculated plastic bag to a culture room, and culturing at 28 ℃ for 3 months;
c, extruding, granulating and preparing a plate, namely placing part of the dregs of the armillaria mellea mycelium obtained in the step B into an extruding and granulating machine, and extruding to obtain dregs of a decoction granules; pressing one part of the mixture into a medicine residue synthetic board, and forming holes on the synthetic board for later use;
d, planting and cultivating, namely selecting a loam forest land which is rich in humus, loose in texture and good in drainage, and preparing a gastrodia elata planting pond with the elevation of 1800m and the soil pH of 6.8, wherein the planting pond is 15cm deep; digging soil at the bottom of a culture pond, paving decoction dreg particles containing the armillaria mellea prepared in the step C at the bottom, paving a decoction dreg synthetic plate containing the armillaria mellea prepared in the step C on the surface of the particles, vertically inserting seed ramie into holes of the decoction dreg synthetic plate, enabling stem buds to be upward when the seed ramie is inserted, enabling navel eyes to be downward to be in contact with the decoction dreg particles, filling gaps of the holes with the medicine dreg particles after the seed ramie is inserted, and covering 9cm of sandy soil on the holes; and weeds are covered on the sandy soil to keep the soil moist.
Wherein the thickness of the decoction dreg synthetic plate is 4cm, the diameter of the holes on the synthetic plate is 2cm, and the distance between the holes is 1 cm. The planting and cultivating time of the step D is 10 months per year.
Claims (3)
1. A method for cultivating gastrodia elata by using medicine dregs is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step A, pretreatment of dregs of a decoction: crushing the dregs of a decoction, adding 1-3 parts of phosphogypsum, 0.3-2 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 0.3-2 parts of magnesium sulfate and 3-5 parts of dregs of a decoction tanning extract by weight of 100 parts of dry dregs of a decoction, uniformly mixing, and adding water to ensure that the water content is as follows: 50-70%, controlling the temperature to be 25-30 ℃, and fermenting in a sealing way for 3-5 days for later use;
and B, inoculating Armillaria mellea in the medicine dregs: b, filling the dregs fermented in the step A into a plastic bag, sterilizing the bag for 2 to 3 hours at the temperature of 121 ℃, and cooling the bag to room temperature; transferring the cooled residue to a sterile room, inoculating Armillaria mellea secondary strain, transferring the inoculated plastic bag to a culture room, and culturing at 25-30 deg.C for 3-4 months;
c, extruding, granulating and preparing a plate, namely placing part of the dregs of the armillaria mellea mycelium obtained in the step B into an extruding and granulating machine, and extruding to obtain dregs of a decoction granules; pressing one part of the mixture into a medicine residue synthetic board, and forming holes on the synthetic board for later use;
d, planting and cultivating, namely selecting a loam forest land which is rich in humus, loose in texture and good in drainage, performing soil preparation to prepare a gastrodia elata planting pond with the elevation of 1500-3000m and the soil pH of 6.5-7.0, wherein the depth of the planting pond is 10-20 cm; digging soil at the bottom of a culture pond, paving dregs of a decoction granule containing the armillaria mellea prepared in the step C at the bottom, paving a dregs of a decoction synthesis plate containing the armillaria mellea prepared in the step C on the surface of the granule, vertically inserting seed ramie into a hole of the dregs of a decoction synthesis plate, enabling a stem bud to be upward when the seed ramie is inserted, enabling an umbilical eye to be downward to contact with the dregs of a decoction granule, filling a gap of the hole with the dregs of a decoction granule after the seed ramie is inserted, and covering 8-10cm of sandy soil on the hole; and weeds are covered on the sandy soil to keep the soil moist.
2. The method for cultivating rhizoma Gastrodiae with residue as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the synthetic plate of residue in step C is 3-5cm, the diameter of the holes in the synthetic plate is 1-3cm, and the distance between the holes is 1-2 cm.
3. The method for cultivating gastrodia elata with medicine residues as claimed in claim 1, wherein planting and cultivating time in the step D is 10-11 months per year.
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| KR100686693B1 (en) * | 2005-03-25 | 2007-02-26 | 고려천마영농조합법인 | Cultivation container for cultivating gastrodia elata |
| CN104686310A (en) * | 2015-03-07 | 2015-06-10 | 甘肃天水岐黄药业有限责任公司 | Method for cultivating gastrodia elata based on caulis polygoni multiflori dregs |
| CN106508380A (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2017-03-22 | 赤水市亿成生物科技有限公司 | Method for propagating Gastrodia elata Bl. by medicinal material residues |
| CN107912269A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-04-17 | 恩施木莲子健康产业有限公司 | Preparation method of plant planting culture medium |
| CN108112303A (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2018-06-05 | 普安县红星村康泰中草药种植农民专业合作社 | A kind of Rhizoma Gastrodiae plants cultural method |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100686693B1 (en) * | 2005-03-25 | 2007-02-26 | 고려천마영농조합법인 | Cultivation container for cultivating gastrodia elata |
| CN104686310A (en) * | 2015-03-07 | 2015-06-10 | 甘肃天水岐黄药业有限责任公司 | Method for cultivating gastrodia elata based on caulis polygoni multiflori dregs |
| CN106508380A (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2017-03-22 | 赤水市亿成生物科技有限公司 | Method for propagating Gastrodia elata Bl. by medicinal material residues |
| CN107912269A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-04-17 | 恩施木莲子健康产业有限公司 | Preparation method of plant planting culture medium |
| CN108112303A (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2018-06-05 | 普安县红星村康泰中草药种植农民专业合作社 | A kind of Rhizoma Gastrodiae plants cultural method |
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