CN109286016B - Preparation method of large-particle-size single crystal lithium ion battery ternary cathode material - Google Patents
Preparation method of large-particle-size single crystal lithium ion battery ternary cathode material Download PDFInfo
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- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a large-granularity single crystal lithium ion battery ternary cathode material. Firstly, preparing a ternary precursor Ni with D50 of 3-5um by a coprecipitation method1‑x‑yCoxMy(OH)2(ii) a Uniformly mixing a precursor prepared by coprecipitation with a lithium source through a wet method, and carrying out chemical combination and drying; and finally, putting the mixture obtained by mixing and drying the precursor and the lithium source into a rotary furnace, introducing oxygen, stirring and turning the mixture in the rotary furnace along with the rotation of the rotary furnace, and sintering the mixture at a high temperature to react. The dynamic sintering enables the mixture to be fully contacted with oxygen, reduces oxygen vacancy and improves the final sintering material LiNi1‑x‑yCoxMyO2The material is recrystallized in a dynamic environment at a high temperature, agglomeration among particles is inhibited, and primary particles are uniformly dispersed, so that the large-particle-size single crystal ternary cathode material is prepared.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of lithium ion battery materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a ternary cathode material of a lithium ion battery.
Background
In recent years, the rapid rise of new energy automobiles drives the development of power batteries, more rigorous requirements on the batteries are provided, and the high energy density is required while the safety and high cycle performance are met, so that the cruising ability of the electric vehicle is met. In lithium ion batteries, the cathode material has a lower gram capacity and a lower compacted density than the anode material, which are the main factors that restrict the high energy density of the lithium ion battery. Lithium ion ternary positive electrode material, especially high nickel material LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2And LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2The ternary cathode material is favored by researchers due to high gram capacity, but most of the prepared ternary cathode materials are secondary sphere-like particles formed by agglomeration of primary particles. In this structure, there are several disadvantages,
firstly, the method comprises the following steps: more gaps exist among the primary particles, so that not only is the compaction density of the material reduced, but also the specific surface area of the material is increased, more particles are in contact with electrolyte, and the number of side reactions is increased; secondly, the method comprises the following steps: in the process of manufacturing the pole piece, when the pole piece is rolled, the spheroids are easy to crush; thirdly, the method comprises the following steps: after the battery is cycled for many times, the agglomerated spheroids are easy to pulverize.
In order to solve the problems, researchers prepare a single crystal lithium ion ternary cathode material, and in the preparation method of the lithium ion battery ternary cathode material with the morphology of CN104979546A single crystal disclosed in 2015, the single crystal lithium ion battery ternary cathode material is obtained by adding a cosolvent and high-temperature calcination, but the cosolvent is required to be added in the process, high-temperature sintering at 900-1000 ℃ is required for multiple times, and the obtained single crystal material has a small particle size, and the maximum particle size is about 1 mu m.
In 2017, the method needs to add a modifier and also needs high-temperature sintering at about 1000 ℃, and the particles of the CN107293744A single-crystal ternary cathode material prepared by the method are easy to agglomerate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to solve the problems and the defects in the technical aspect and provides a preparation method of a large-particle-size single crystal lithium ion battery ternary cathode material with large particle size and uniformly dispersed particles.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme. Preparation method of large-particle-size single crystal lithium ion battery ternary cathode material with molecular formula of LiNi1-x-yCoxMyO2The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, nickel salt, cobalt salt and manganese salt or aluminum salt are mixed according to the proportion of Ni: co: m = 1-x-y: x: preparing a metal salt mixed solution with the total concentration of 2M according to the molar ratio of y; preparing a sodium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 3M; preparing an ammonia water solution with the mass fraction of 16%; adding the prepared metal salt mixed solution, sodium hydroxide solution and ammonia water into a reaction kettle at the same time according to a certain flow rate through a peristaltic pump, fully stirring, carrying out the whole reaction process in an inert atmosphere, finally filtering and washing the prepared precipitate, drying at 100 ℃, and finally obtaining a spherical or sphere-like ternary precursor Ni formed by primary particle agglomeration1-x-yCoxMy(OH)2The granularity D50 is 3-5 mu m;
(2) preparing ternary precursor Ni by coprecipitation1-x-yCoxMy(OH)2Stirring and mixing the lithium source and the deionized water according to a certain mass ratio, and then drying by microwave;
(3) and (3) putting the mixture dried in the step (2) into a rotary sintering furnace, introducing oxygen into the front end of the rotary sintering furnace, discharging waste gas from the rear end of the rotary sintering furnace, stirring and turning the mixture in the rotary furnace along with the rotation of the rotary furnace, sintering the mixture at a high temperature, and reacting.
According to the preparation method of the large-particle-size single crystal lithium ion battery ternary cathode material, the ternary precursor Ni prepared in the step (1)1-x-yCoxMy(OH)2Wherein: x is more than or equal to 0.1 and less than or equal to 0.3, y is more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.3, and M is one or two of Al and Mn elements.
According to the preparation method of the large-particle-size single crystal lithium ion battery ternary cathode material, the lithium source in the step (2) is one or more of lithium carbonate, lithium nitrate, lithium hydroxide and lithium acetate, and lithium ions in the lithium source and a ternary precursor Ni1-x- yCoxMy(OH)2The molar ratio is 1: 1.01-1.08.
According to the preparation method of the large-particle-size single crystal lithium ion battery ternary cathode material, in the step (2), wet mixing is carried out, and a ternary precursor Ni is obtained1-x-yCoxMy(OH)2The ratio of the water to the water is 1: 0.3-0.5.
According to the preparation method of the large-particle-size single crystal lithium ion battery ternary cathode material, the drying in the step (2) adopts a microwave rapid drying method to prepare a ternary precursor Ni1-x-yCoxMy(OH)2Stirring and mixing the lithium source and the deionized water, and then placing the mixture in a microwave oven for rapid drying.
According to the preparation method of the large-particle-size single crystal lithium ion battery ternary cathode material, in the step (3), a rotary sintering furnace is adopted as a sintering furnace, the front end and the rear end of a furnace body are respectively provided with a vent, the front end is used for introducing oxygen, and the rear end is used for discharging waste gas.
Preparing the ternary cathode material of the large-particle-size single crystal lithium ion batteryThe preparation method comprises the step (3) of introducing oxygen of 0.2-0.8m3/h。
According to the preparation method of the large-particle-size single crystal lithium ion battery ternary cathode material, in the step (3), the rotating speed of the rotary converter is 1 circle/30 s-1 circle/300 s, and the mixture is in a 'moving' state all the time during sintering, and is continuously stirred and turned over.
According to the preparation method of the large-particle-size single crystal lithium ion battery ternary cathode material, the sintering temperature in the step (3) is two-stage sintering, the first-stage sintering temperature is 400-500 ℃, and the sintering time is 2-4 h; the second-stage sintering temperature is 750-800 ℃, and the sintering time is 15-20 h.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following characteristics:
firstly, the prepared precursor is a sphere-like material formed by agglomerating primary particles, and the particle size D50 is 3-5 mu m; researches show that when the precursor in the particle size range is subjected to subsequent stirring and high-temperature sintering, primary particles are easy to fall off and recrystallize to form good single crystals.
Secondly, during high-temperature sintering, the materials are driven to turn over and stir by the rotation of the rotary furnace, so that the materials are in better and sufficient contact with oxygen, and oxygen vacancies caused by poor contact with oxygen in the materials are reduced; secondly, the method enables the material to be in a 'moving' state all the time, recrystallization is carried out under the high-temperature condition, agglomeration among particles is inhibited, and each primary particle is uniformly dispersed, so that the single crystal ternary cathode material with good dispersity and large granularity is prepared.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of the ternary cathode material prepared in comparative example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a particle size distribution diagram of the ternary cathode material prepared in comparative example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a scanning electron microscope image of the ternary cathode material prepared in example 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a particle size distribution diagram of the ternary cathode material prepared in example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Large-granularity single crystal lithium ion batteryPreparation method of ternary cathode material with molecular formula of LiNi1-x- yCoxMyO2The method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) by coprecipitation, first a nickel salt, a cobalt salt and a manganese salt or an aluminum salt are mixed according to the ratio of Ni: co: m = 1-x-y: x: preparing a metal salt mixed solution with the total concentration of 2M according to the molar ratio of y; preparing a sodium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 3M; preparing an ammonia water solution with the mass fraction of 16%; adding the prepared metal salt mixed solution, sodium hydroxide solution and ammonia water into a reaction kettle at the same time according to a certain flow rate through a peristaltic pump, fully stirring, carrying out the whole reaction process in an inert atmosphere, finally filtering and washing the prepared precipitate, drying at 100 ℃, and finally obtaining a spherical or sphere-like ternary precursor Ni formed by primary particle agglomeration1-x-yCoxMy(OH)2The granularity D50 is 3-5 mu m;
(2) stirring and mixing a ternary precursor Ni1-x-yCoxMy (OH)2 prepared by coprecipitation, a lithium source and deionized water according to a certain mass ratio, and then drying by microwave;
(3) and (3) putting the mixture dried in the step (2) into a rotary sintering furnace, introducing oxygen into the front end of the rotary sintering furnace, discharging waste gas from the rear end of the rotary sintering furnace, stirring and turning the mixture in the rotary furnace along with the rotation of the rotary furnace, sintering the mixture at a high temperature, and reacting.
Ternary precursor Ni prepared in step (1)1-x-yCoxMy(OH)2Wherein: x is more than or equal to 0.1 and less than or equal to 0.3, y is more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.3, and M is one or more of elements TAl and Mn.
In the step (2), the lithium source is one or two of lithium carbonate, lithium nitrate, lithium hydroxide and lithium acetate, and lithium ions in the lithium source and a ternary precursor Ni1-x-yCoxMy(OH)2The molar ratio is 1: 1.01-1.08.
Wet mixing in step (2), ternary precursor Ni1-x-yCoxMy(OH)2The ratio of the water to the water is 1: 0.3-0.5. The drying in the step (2) adopts a microwave rapid drying method which is a microwave rapid drying methodTernary precursor Ni1-x-yCoxMy(OH)2Stirring and mixing the lithium source and the deionized water, and then placing the mixture in a microwave oven for rapid drying.
The oxygen introduction amount in the step (3) is 0.2-0.8m3And one end is filled with oxygen, the other end is used for exhausting waste gas, such as the front end is filled with oxygen, and the rear end is used for exhausting waste gas. And (3) the mixture is in a 'moving' state all the time during sintering, and is continuously stirred and turned over. The sintering temperature in the step (3) is two-stage sintering, the first-stage sintering temperature is 400-; the second-stage sintering temperature is 750-800 ℃, and the sintering time is 15-20 h.
LiNi is used below0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings for illustrative purposes, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Comparative example 1
Preparing a mixed solution of nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate and manganese sulfate with the total concentration of 2M, wherein the molar ratio of nickel to cobalt to manganese is 8:1: 1; A3M sodium hydroxide solution was prepared.
2L of base solution is added in advance into a 60L reaction kettle, the water bath temperature is 50 ℃, three items of metal salt, sodium hydroxide and ammonia water solution are pumped into the reaction kettle in parallel, the stirring speed is 500r/min, and the pH value in the reaction process is 11.5 by regulating and controlling the flow rate of the sodium hydroxide to be stable. And (4) continuously carrying out coprecipitation reaction for 30h, and aging for 20h after the reaction is finished. Finally, washing, filter-pressing and drying the obtained precipitate at 100 ℃ to obtain the Ni with the granularity D50 of 3-5 mu m0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2A precursor material.
Mixing Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2Lithium carbonate in the ratio of 1:1.05, and Ni as water0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)20.3 times by mass, and then microwave-dried by a microwave oven. Putting the dried material in a muffle furnace with oxygen flow of 0.8m3Sintering at 450 ℃ for 2h and then at 800 ℃ for 20h under the condition of/h.
Example 1
Ni prepared based on comparative example 10.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2The lithium carbonate is mixed with the lithium carbonate according to the ratio of 1:1.01, and the water amount is Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2Mixing was performed by 0.5 times the mass, followed by microwave drying.
Putting the dried material into a rotary furnace, wherein the rotating speed of the rotary furnace is 1 circle/30 s, and the oxygen introduction amount is 0.2m3Sintering at 450 ℃ for 4h and then at 800 ℃ for 15h under the condition of/h.
Example 2
Ni prepared based on comparative example 10.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2The lithium carbonate is mixed with the lithium carbonate according to the ratio of 1:1.05 to form lithium, and the water amount is Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2Mixing was performed by 0.3 times the mass, followed by microwave drying.
Putting the dried material into a rotary furnace, wherein the rotating speed of the rotary furnace is 1 circle/120 s, and the oxygen introduction amount is 0.8m3Sintering at 450 ℃ for 2h and then at 800 ℃ for 20h under the condition of/h.
Example 3
Ni prepared based on comparative example0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2The lithium carbonate is mixed with the lithium carbonate according to the ratio of 1:1.05 to form lithium, and the water amount is Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)20.3 times of the mass, and then dried by microwave in a combination oven.
Putting the dried material into a rotary furnace, wherein the rotating speed of the rotary furnace is 1 circle/300 s, and the oxygen introduction amount is 0.8m3Sintering at 400 ℃ for 2h and then at 750 ℃ for 20h under the condition of/h.
Example 4
Ni prepared based on comparative example0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2The lithium carbonate is mixed with the lithium carbonate according to the ratio of 1:1.08, and the water content is Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2Mixing was performed by 0.5 times the mass, followed by microwave drying.
Putting the dried material into a rotary furnace, wherein the rotating speed of the rotary furnace is 1 circle/30 s, and the oxygen introduction amount is 0.5m3Sintering at 500 ℃ for 4h and then at 800 ℃ for 15h under the condition of/h.
Through comparison between the graph 1 and the graph 3 (comparison between a comparative example 1 and an example 2), it is found that the rotation of the rotary furnace achieves the effect of stirring the material, so that the material is in a 'moving' state, the re-agglomeration of primary particles during recrystallization is avoided, and the single crystal primary particle ternary cathode material with good dispersibility and large particle size is prepared. Referring to the particle size distribution diagram of FIG. 4, it can be seen that the single-crystal primary particles D50 obtained in example 2 were 9 μm, which is significantly larger than D50 of comparative example 1.
Those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains can also make appropriate alterations and modifications to the above-described embodiments, in light of the above disclosure. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and described above, and modifications and variations of the present invention are also intended to fall within the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.
Claims (9)
1. Preparation method of large-particle-size single crystal lithium ion battery ternary cathode material with molecular formula of LiNi1-x-yCoxMyO2Wherein: x is more than or equal to 0.1 and less than or equal to 0.3, y is more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.3, and M is Al or Mn element, and the method is characterized by specifically adopting the following steps:
(1) firstly, nickel salt, cobalt salt and manganese salt or aluminum salt are mixed according to the proportion of Ni: co: m = 1-x-y: x: preparing a metal salt mixed solution according to the molar ratio of y; preparing a sodium hydroxide solution; preparing an ammonia water solution; adding the prepared metal salt mixed solution, sodium hydroxide solution and ammonia water into a reaction kettle at the same time according to a certain flow rate through a peristaltic pump, fully stirring, carrying out the whole reaction process in an inert atmosphere, filtering, washing and drying the prepared precipitate, and finally obtaining a spherical or sphere-like ternary precursor Ni formed by aggregating primary particles1-x-yCoxMy(OH)2The granularity D50 is 3-5 mu m;
(2) preparing ternary precursor Ni by coprecipitation1-x-yCoxMy(OH)2Lithium source, removingStirring and mixing the ionized water, and then drying by microwave;
(3) and (3) putting the mixture dried in the step (2) into a rotary sintering furnace, introducing oxygen into the front end of the rotary sintering furnace, discharging waste gas from the rear end of the rotary sintering furnace, stirring and turning the mixture in the rotary furnace along with the rotation of the rotary furnace, sintering the mixture at a high temperature, and reacting.
2. The method for preparing the ternary cathode material of the large-particle-size single crystal lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: ternary precursor Ni prepared in step (1)1-x-yCoxMy(OH)2Wherein: x is more than or equal to 0.1 and less than or equal to 0.3, y is more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.3, and M is Al or Mn element.
3. The method for preparing the ternary cathode material of the large-particle-size single crystal lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (2), the lithium source is one or more of lithium carbonate, lithium nitrate, lithium hydroxide and lithium acetate, and lithium ions in the lithium source and a ternary precursor Ni1-x-yCoxMy(OH)2The molar ratio is 1: 1.01-1.08.
4. The method for preparing the ternary cathode material of the large-particle-size single crystal lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: wet mixing in step (2), ternary precursor Ni1-x-yCoxMy(OH)2The ratio of the water to the water is 1: 0.3-0.5.
5. The method for preparing the ternary cathode material of the large-particle-size single crystal lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (2), the drying adopts a microwave rapid drying method to dry the ternary precursor Ni1-x-yCoxMy(OH)2Stirring and mixing the lithium source and the deionized water, and then placing the mixture in a microwave oven for rapid drying.
6. The method for preparing the ternary cathode material of the large-particle-size single crystal lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) adopting a rotary sintering furnace as the sintering furnace, wherein the front end and the rear end of the furnace body are respectively provided with an air port, the front end is used for introducing oxygen, and the rear end is used for exhausting waste gas.
7. The method for preparing the ternary cathode material of the large-particle-size single crystal lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the oxygen introduction amount in the step (3) is 0.2-0.8m3/h。
8. The method for preparing the ternary cathode material of the large-particle-size single crystal lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (3), the rotating speed of the rotary converter is 1 circle/30 s-1 circle/300 s, and the mixture is in a 'moving' state all the time during sintering and is continuously stirred and overturned.
9. The method for preparing the ternary cathode material of the large-particle-size single crystal lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the sintering temperature in the step (3) is two-stage sintering, the first-stage sintering temperature is 400-; the second-stage sintering temperature is 750-800 ℃, and the sintering time is 15-20 h.
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| CN115028210A (en) * | 2022-01-18 | 2022-09-09 | 昆明理工大学 | Preparation method of single crystal high-nickel cathode material |
| CN114420921B (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2022-07-12 | 中创新航科技股份有限公司 | Method for regenerating lithium ion battery anode material by microwave |
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| CN108023078A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-05-11 | 宁波容百新能源科技股份有限公司 | A kind of nickelic tertiary cathode material of monocrystalline pattern and preparation method thereof |
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