CN109283113B - Concrete impermeability test device and test method for eliminating horizontal hoop pressure - Google Patents
Concrete impermeability test device and test method for eliminating horizontal hoop pressure Download PDFInfo
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- CN109283113B CN109283113B CN201811290658.5A CN201811290658A CN109283113B CN 109283113 B CN109283113 B CN 109283113B CN 201811290658 A CN201811290658 A CN 201811290658A CN 109283113 B CN109283113 B CN 109283113B
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 126
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000012085 test solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014121 butter Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
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Abstract
A concrete impermeability test device for eliminating horizontal hoop pressure and a test method thereof, the device comprises: the upper section of the outer side wall of the steel die is provided with an external thread section; the limiting and adjusting mechanism comprises a rotary steel sleeve, a connecting rod and a steel gasket, wherein the rotary steel sleeve comprises an upper top plate and a cylindrical coaming, and an inner thread section is arranged on the inner wall of the coaming; the steel washer is coaxial to be set up in inside the steel mould, and a plurality of connecting rods are fixed on the steel washer, and the other end fixed connection of connecting rod is on the lower terminal surface of last roof. The method comprises the following steps: a steel gasket coaxial with the steel mould is fixedly arranged at the upper part of the center of the mould cavity of the steel mould, and the steel gasket is used for limiting the height of the upper end face of the test piece; coating the surface of the test piece to form a sealing layer and filling the sealing layer into a steel mould; connecting the steel mould with the impermeability instrument; setting pressure and performing a test; after the test is finished, the test piece is split, and the water seepage condition is observed. The device and the method can effectively eliminate the horizontal hoop pressure effect, objectively and accurately obtain the actual impermeability of the concrete, improve the test efficiency and the test precision, ensure that the stress and the water seepage quantity of the test piece in the test process are distributed more uniformly, and enable the test to be closer to the actual working condition.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a concrete impermeability test device and method for eliminating horizontal hoop pressure, and belongs to the technical field of concrete experiments.
Background
The impermeability of concrete is a fundamental property of concrete, which is particularly important in underground engineering or other engineering structures where there is a requirement for impermeability. The performance was tested by the permeation resistance test using the permeation resistance test equipment. The common impermeability detection equipment is an HP-4.0 concrete impermeability instrument, which mainly comprises a frame test die, a separator, a water pump, a water storage tank and an electrical control device, wherein the pressure of each part of a pipeline system communicated with the sealing container is equal, the water pump is used for pressing, and the intelligent numerical control meter is used for keeping the pressure within a specified range to carry out a test.
The rack trial mold (steel mold) is a cone-shaped sleeve structure without a top cover, the inner diameter of the concrete is gradually reduced from bottom to top, and in the process of carrying out the concrete impermeability test by using the existing frame test die, the inner diameter of the steel pipe gradually becomes smaller from bottom to top, in the concrete impermeability test process by using the existing frame test mould, because the steel mould has a small inward inclination angle, extremely high pressure between the concrete and the steel mould is required to balance the upward water pressure, the horizontal component of this pressure is applied circumferentially to the concrete block, resulting in greater horizontal compressive stress on the concrete block.
Due to the existence of the horizontal circumferential pressure, vertical holes and pores of the concrete are compressed, so that the impermeability of the concrete of the impermeability test block is greatly improved, the impermeability of the concrete is further overestimated, the horizontal circumferential pressure does not exist in concrete in actual engineering, and the actual impermeability of the concrete is far smaller than the impermeability obtained by experiments, so that great potential safety hazards exist in engineering application, and the seepage condition of a concrete structure is as good as that of people of all ages.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the concrete impermeability test device and the test method for eliminating the horizontal hoop pressure, which can obviously eliminate the horizontal hoop pressure, improve the test efficiency and the test precision, ensure that the stress and the water seepage quantity of a test piece in the test process are distributed more uniformly, objectively and accurately obtain the actual impermeability of the concrete, and the obtained test result is more reliable.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a concrete impermeability test device for eliminating horizontal hoop pressure, which comprises a steel die and a limit adjusting mechanism; the steel mould is provided with an inner cavity with the same taper as the test piece, the upper section of the outer side wall of the steel mould is a straight wall section, and an external thread section is arranged on the straight wall section;
the limiting and adjusting mechanism comprises a rotary steel sleeve, a connecting rod and a steel gasket, wherein the rotary steel sleeve comprises an upper top plate and a cylindrical coaming which is enclosed on the outer circumference of the upper top plate and extends downwards, and an inner thread section matched with the outer thread section is arranged on the inner wall of the coaming;
the steel washers are coaxially arranged in the steel die, a plurality of connecting rods are fixed on the steel washers, and the connecting rods are annularly and equidistantly arranged by taking the axle center of the steel die as the center; the other end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected to the lower end face of the upper top plate.
Further, a through hole is formed in the center of the upper top plate.
Further, the number of the connecting rods is 6.
Compared to the existing technology, the test device is characterized in that a steel gasket with adjustable height is arranged inside a steel die, the test device is arranged inside the steel mould a steel washer with adjustable height is arranged, greatly reduces and eliminates the action of horizontal hoop pressure, ensures that the stress and water seepage quantity of the test piece in the test process are more uniformly distributed, ensures that the water seepage speed is accelerated, the water seepage liquid level is distributed in a horizontal line, so that the actual anti-seepage capability of the concrete is objectively and accurately obtained, and the test efficiency and precision are improved.
A concrete impermeability test method for eliminating horizontal hoop pressure comprises the following steps:
s1: injecting the test solution into a water tank of the impermeability instrument to remove redundant air in the impermeability instrument;
s2: a steel gasket coaxial with the steel mould is fixedly arranged at the upper part of the center of the mould cavity of the steel mould, and the steel gasket is used for limiting the height of the upper end face of the test piece;
s3: uniformly coating the outer circumferential surface of the molded and maintained test piece with a sealing material to form a sealing layer, filling the sealing layer into a steel die, and weighing the initial total weight T1;
s4: fixedly connecting a steel mould provided with a test piece on a test platform of an impermeability instrument;
s5: setting the loaded water pressure, pressurizing to the set pressure at one time, opening a valve of a corresponding test piece, and performing an anti-seepage test;
s6: After a period of time, the valve of the corresponding test piece is closed, closing the corresponding the valve of the test piece, the subsequent weighing of the total weight T2 is carried out, calculating and recording total water seepage weight T3 through T2-T1;
s7: The test piece is moved out of the steel mould, and the test piece is cut by a pressure tester to form a section, the water penetration height was measured and recorded.
Further, the test solution is water or one of various salt solutions.
In the test method, the steel gasket for limiting the ascending height of the test piece is added in the steel mould, the water pressure is kept unchanged in the test process, analysis data are provided for the water seepage conditions of the concrete with different pressurizing time lengths under the same pressure condition, the steel mould with the limiting device is used for eliminating the horizontal hoop pressure born by the concrete anti-seepage test block, the actual anti-seepage performance of the concrete can be objectively and accurately obtained, and the key effect on improving the test efficiency and precision is played.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of water seepage from a vertical section of a test piece I tested using a conventional steel die at a pressure of 1.2 MPa;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of water seepage from a vertical section of a test piece II tested under a pressure of 1.2MPa using a conventional steel die;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of water seepage from a vertical section of a test piece III tested under a pressure of 1.2MPa using a conventional steel die;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of water seepage from a vertical section of a test piece four tested using a conventional steel die at a pressure of 1.2 MPa;
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of water seepage from a vertical section of a test piece five tested using a conventional steel die at a pressure of 3.6 MPa;
FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of water seepage from a vertical section of a test piece six tested using a conventional steel die at a pressure of 3.6 MPa;
FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of water penetration of a vertical section of a test piece using a conventional steel die;
FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of water penetration of a vertical section of another test piece tested using the steel form of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a contact extrusion model built on an existing steel die using finite element analysis software;
FIG. 12 is a cloud chart of the internal horizontal compressive stress distribution of a concrete test block obtained through numerical simulation under the water pressure of 3.6MPa of a traditional steel die;
in the figure: 1. steel mould, 2, external screw thread section, 3, spacing adjustment mechanism, 4, rotatory steel bushing, 5, connecting rod, 6, steel packing ring, 7, upper roof, 8, bounding wall, 9, internal screw thread section, 10, through-hole.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to examples.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a concrete impermeability test device for eliminating horizontal hoop pressure comprises a steel die 1 and a limit adjusting mechanism 3; the steel mould 1 is provided with an inner cavity with the same taper as the test piece, the upper section of the outer side wall of the steel mould 1 is a straight wall section, and an external thread section 2 is arranged on the straight wall section;
the limiting and adjusting mechanism 3 comprises a rotary steel sleeve 4, a connecting rod 5 and a steel washer 6, wherein the rotary steel sleeve 4 comprises an upper top plate 7 and a cylindrical coaming 8 which is enclosed on the outer circumference of the upper top plate 7 and extends downwards, and an inner thread section 9 matched with the outer thread section 2 is arranged on the inner wall of the coaming 8;
the steel gasket 6 is coaxially arranged in the steel mould 1, a plurality of connecting rods 5 are fixed on the steel gasket 6, and the plurality of connecting rods 5 are annularly and equidistantly arranged by taking the axle center of the steel mould 1 as the center; the other end of the connecting rod 5 is fixedly connected to the lower end face of the upper top plate 7.
For convenient observation and adjustment of the steel washer 6, a through hole 10 is formed in the center of the upper top plate 7, and the diameter of the through hole 10 may be 20mm.
In order to avoid weakening of the local bearing capacity of the steel washers 6 by the concentrated arrangement of the connecting rods 5, said connecting rods 5 are provided with 6.
As a preference, the steel washer 6 has an inner ring radius of 40mm and an outer ring radius of 70mm. The thickness of the steel washer 10 is preferably 16mm.
The invention also provides a concrete impermeability test method for eliminating horizontal hoop pressure, which comprises the following steps:
s1: injecting the test solution into a water tank of the impermeability instrument to remove redundant air in the impermeability instrument;
s2: a steel gasket coaxial with the steel mould 1 is fixedly arranged at the upper part of the mould cavity center of the steel mould 1, and the steel gasket 6 is used for limiting the height of the upper end face of the test piece;
s3: uniformly coating the outer circumferential surface of the molded and maintained test piece with a sealing material to form a sealing layer, filling the sealing layer into a steel mould 1, and weighing the initial total weight T1;
s4: fixedly connecting a steel mould 1 provided with a test piece on a test platform of an impermeability instrument;
s5: setting the loaded water pressure, pressurizing to the set pressure at one time, opening a valve of a corresponding test piece, and performing an anti-seepage test;
s6: after a period of time, closing a valve of a corresponding test piece, detaching the steel mould 1 with the test piece, weighing the subsequent total weight T2, calculating the total water seepage weight T3 through the total weight T2-T1, and recording;
s7: and (3) removing the test piece from the steel mould 1, cutting the test piece by using a pressure tester to form a section, measuring the water seepage height and recording.
In S2, the height of the steel washer 6 in the cavity of the steel mould 1 is adjustable.
The specific process of the S3 is as follows: and taking out the formed test piece from the curing chamber the day before the test, heating the test piece and the steel mould 1 to 35-45 ℃, simultaneously heating the sealing material for sealing to be completely melted to form sealing solution, uniformly rolling the circumferential surface of the test piece in the sealing solution to form a uniform sealing layer, and pressing the test piece into the steel mould 1.
As a preferable mode, the sealing material is paraffin, the paraffin becomes liquid after being heated and dissolved, the paraffin is solidified into solid at room temperature, the sealing performance is good, and in addition, the paraffin in solid state is very stable and is difficult to react with other substances; the sealing material can of course also be a mixture of paraffin wax and rosin or a mixture of butter and sodium polyacrylate water-absorbing resin.
According to the requirements of the test solution in the impermeability test, the test solution is water or one of various salt solutions, and preferably, 10% sodium sulfate solution is adopted.
Verification analysis:
and under the pressure of 1.2MP, carrying out water seepage experiments on four test pieces prepared under the same condition of the same water cement ratio in the same batch and the same time length by utilizing the existing steel mould, wherein the water seepage heights of the four test pieces are as shown in figures 3 to 6, and the water seepage heights of the four test pieces are uneven under the same pressure. The U-shaped distribution is formed approximately under the same permeation duration. The test piece shown in FIG. 6 is clearly shown to have little water penetration in the center portion. The water seepage height of the center part of the test piece shown in FIG. 5 only reaches 1.5-2 cm. The shape of the water seepage height of the test piece is related to the lifted height of the test piece in the impervious process, and the water seepage height of the test piece is reduced along with the increase of the lifted height of the test piece, so that the U-shaped distribution of the water seepage curve is more obvious.
And under the pressure of 3.6MP, performing water seepage experiments on two test pieces prepared under the same water cement ratio and the same condition in the same batch and the same time length by using the existing steel mould, wherein when the rising height of the test piece reaches more than 2cm, the upper surface of the test piece protrudes out of the steel mould, and the test piece is subjected to layering damage, as shown in figures 7 and 8 of the specification.
In order to simulate the stress process of the test block in the rising process of the water pressure effect, a contact extrusion model as shown in fig. 11 can be established by means of ANSYS finite element analysis software: the lower boundary of the steel mould is a fixed boundary, surface-surface contact is arranged between the test block and the steel mould, and water pressure is applied to the bottom surface of the test block. The main model parameters are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 finite element analysis fitting parameters for existing Steel die
The results obtained by numerical simulation are as follows:
as shown in fig. 12 of the accompanying drawings of the specification, the concrete test block generates larger horizontal compressive stress under the action of horizontal circumferential pressure, the compressive stress gradually increases from the upper part to the lower part of the concrete test block, the horizontal compressive stress at the lowest part can reach more than 20Mpa, and the distribution of the compressive stress at the lower part of the concrete test block also shows a middle large periphery small compressive stress distribution rule, which corresponds to the water seepage height distribution rule in fig. 3 to 6, and because the concrete at the lower part of the concrete test block has larger horizontal compressive stress under the action of the horizontal circumferential pressure, the horizontal compressive stress compacts pores, pores and microcracks in the concrete test block, thereby preventing water or solution from permeating to the upper part; the horizontal compressive stress at the edge of the test block is relatively small, so that the water seepage height is large, and the obtained water seepage height curves are all U-shaped distribution.
Fig. 9 shows the water seepage situation of a vertical section of a test piece after the test by using the existing steel die, and it can be seen that the middle part of the test piece in fig. 9 is severely affected by the circumferential pressure to perform water seepage normally. After the test device is adopted, the vertical upward water pressure is not balanced by the vertical component force of the vertical pressure of the steel mould to the concrete test block, but is directly or mostly balanced by the upper limiting device, so that the horizontal hoop pressure in the concrete is eliminated, the compressive stress in the horizontal direction is not received in the concrete, the vertical pores, gaps and microcracks of the concrete are kept to be compressed and compacted, the obtained water seepage height curve is basically a horizontal line (shown in fig. 10), and the water seepage speed is greatly improved compared with that of the original anti-seepage device.
Therefore, the traditional impermeability test device has the advantages that the measured impermeability of the concrete is obviously higher due to the existence of horizontal hoop pressure, the phenomenon that the impermeability is not satisfied is rarely found in the impermeability test of the concrete through the investigation of the inventor, and the problem of water seepage of an underground concrete structure in actual engineering is similar to that of the traditional impermeability test device, so that the seepage test device has a direct relation with the inherent defects of the traditional impermeability test device. By the method, the actual impermeability of the concrete can be obtained after the influence of horizontal hoop pressure is eliminated, and the hidden danger of water seepage in engineering is eliminated.
Claims (5)
1. The concrete impermeability test device for eliminating the horizontal hoop pressure comprises a steel mould (1), wherein the steel mould (1) is provided with an inner cavity with the same taper as that of a test piece, and the device is characterized by further comprising a limit adjusting mechanism (3); the upper section of the outer side wall of the steel die (1) is a straight wall section, and an external thread section (2) is arranged on the straight wall section;
the limiting and adjusting mechanism (3) comprises a rotary steel sleeve (4), a connecting rod (5) and a steel gasket (6), wherein the rotary steel sleeve (4) comprises an upper top plate (7) and a cylindrical coaming (8) which is enclosed on the outer circumference of the upper top plate (7) and extends downwards, and an inner thread section (9) matched with the outer thread section (2) is arranged on the inner wall of the coaming (8);
the steel washers (6) are coaxially arranged inside the steel mould (1), a plurality of connecting rods (5) are fixed on the steel washers (6), and the connecting rods (5) are annularly and equidistantly arranged by taking the axle center of the steel mould (1) as the center; the other end of the connecting rod (5) is fixedly connected to the lower end surface of the upper top plate (7); the thickness of the steel washer (6) is 16mm.
2. The concrete impermeability test apparatus for eliminating horizontal hoop pressure according to claim 1, wherein a through hole (10) is formed in the center of the upper top plate (7).
3. A concrete impermeability test apparatus for eliminating horizontal hoop pressure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said connecting rods (5) are provided in 6 numbers.
4. A method of performing a concrete permeation resistance test for eliminating horizontal hoop pressure using the concrete permeation resistance test apparatus for eliminating horizontal hoop pressure according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
s1: injecting the test solution into a water tank of the impermeability instrument to remove redundant air in the impermeability instrument;
s2: a steel gasket coaxial with the steel mould (1) is fixedly arranged at the upper part of the mould cavity center of the steel mould (1), and the steel gasket (6) is used for limiting the height of the upper end face of the test piece;
s3: uniformly coating the outer circumferential surface of the molded and maintained test piece with a sealing material to form a sealing layer, filling the sealing layer into a steel mould (1), and weighing the initial total weight T1;
s4: fixedly connecting a steel mould (1) provided with a test piece on a test platform of an impermeability instrument;
s5: setting the loaded water pressure, pressurizing to the set pressure at one time, opening a valve of a corresponding test piece, and performing an anti-seepage test;
s6: after a period of time, closing a valve of a corresponding test piece, detaching a steel mould (1) with the test piece, weighing the subsequent total weight T2, calculating the total water seepage weight T3 through the T2-T1, and recording;
s7: and (3) moving the test piece out of the steel mould (1), cutting the test piece by using a pressure testing machine to form a section, measuring the water seepage height and recording.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the test solution is water or one of a variety of salt solutions.
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| CN201811290658.5A CN109283113B (en) | 2018-10-31 | 2018-10-31 | Concrete impermeability test device and test method for eliminating horizontal hoop pressure |
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| CN112986093A (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2021-06-18 | 中冶武汉冶金建筑研究院有限公司 | Device and method for evaluating repair performance of concrete crack self-repairing material |
| CN114486678B (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2024-05-03 | 东南大学 | Device and method for rapidly detecting microscopic pore characteristics of concrete surface mortar |
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