CN109266370B - Progressive biomass high-efficiency energy-saving pyrolysis furnace - Google Patents
Progressive biomass high-efficiency energy-saving pyrolysis furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN109266370B CN109266370B CN201810932492.6A CN201810932492A CN109266370B CN 109266370 B CN109266370 B CN 109266370B CN 201810932492 A CN201810932492 A CN 201810932492A CN 109266370 B CN109266370 B CN 109266370B
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- pyrolysis
- flue gas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
Abstract
The utility model provides a progressive energy-efficient pyrolysis oven of living beings, is provided with inner tube (2) and urceolus (3) in furnace body (1), and the feed inlet that inner tube (2) top corresponds furnace body (1) is provided with toper tripper (4), is provided with pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis pipe (5) in inner tube (2), and the inner chamber of inner tube (2) and the inner chamber of pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis pipe (5) do not communicate, and pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis pipe (5) top is the export, and pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis pipe (5) bottom is the import, furnace body (1) upper portion be provided with pyrolysis gas export (6) and exhanst gas outlet (7), furnace body (1) lower part is provided with hot flue gas inlet (8), and pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis pipe (5) export communicates with pyrolysis gas outlet (6), exhanst gas outlet (7) and hot flue gas inlet (8) all communicate with inner tube (2) inner chamber. The heat transfer interaction, the heat utilization efficiency is high, and the energy gradient utilization is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a pyrolysis furnace, in particular to a progressive biomass high-efficiency energy-saving pyrolysis furnace, and belongs to the technical field of biomass energy.
Background
Biomass is an organic substance produced by absorbing carbon dioxide in the air through photosynthesis. It is widely distributed, available in large quantities, and is the only renewable, storable natural fuel containing hydrocarbon components and heat energy.
The biomass pyrolysis technology is a clean and efficient conversion technology, can be used for preparing different fuels such as biogas, bio-oil and biochar or chemical and material products, and is a key research direction in the world. At present, an external pyrolysis-charging replacement thermal process is generally adopted, and due to the fact that the material stays in a pyrolysis furnace for a short time and the heat exchange area between the material and a furnace body is small, pyrolysis is insufficient, reaction time is long, gas components are complex, the calorific value of fuel gas is not high, and the quality of liquid and solid products is low; therefore, the production efficiency is low, the devices are multiple and complex, the investment, operation and maintenance costs are high, and the popularization and application of the biomass pyrolysis technology are greatly limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a progressive biomass high-efficiency energy-saving pyrolysis furnace aiming at the problems of low production efficiency, more and complex devices, high cost and the like of the heat exchange process of the existing external pyrolysis device,
in order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the utility model provides a progressive energy-efficient pyrolysis oven of living beings, includes the furnace body, the furnace body top is provided with the feed inlet, and the middle part is provided with inner tube and urceolus in the furnace body, inner tube barrel cover put in the urceolus, the feed inlet that the inner tube top corresponds the furnace body is provided with the toper tripper, is provided with pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis pipe in the inner tube, the inner chamber of inner tube and pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis pipe's inner chamber do not communicate, pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis pipe top be the export, pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis bottom of tubes portion is the import, furnace body upper portion be provided with pyrolysis gas export and exhanst gas outlet, the furnace body lower part is provided with hot flue gas import, pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis pipe export and pyrolysis gas export intercommunication, exhanst gas outlet and hot flue gas.
Urceolus and inner tube between be provided with the spiral structure that the multiunit was crisscross formation from top to bottom by multilayer flue gas deflector, the flue gas deflector be both ends open-ended hollow plate, flue gas deflector one end opening and inner tube inner chamber UNICOM, cavity intercommunication between flue gas deflector other end opening and furnace body and the urceolus, every two-layer flue gas deflector is provided with outer guide baffle between furnace body and the urceolus, every two-layer flue gas deflector is provided with interior guide baffle between inner tube and the urceolus, and crisscross setting between outer guide baffle and the interior guide baffle, exhanst gas outlet and inner tube inner chamber between communicate through the superiors' flue gas deflector, hot flue gas import and inner tube inner chamber between communicate through the bottommost flue gas deflector.
The included angle between the upper and lower adjacent smoke guide plates in the same group is 10 degrees.
The gas guide plate is a hollow plate with two open ends, one end opening of the gas guide plate is communicated with the inner cavity of the pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis tube, and the other end opening of the gas guide plate is communicated with the cavity between the furnace body and the outer tube.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. in the invention, materials and products are fed in a spiral structure formed by a plurality of layers of smoke guide plates in a pyrolysis furnace in a winding manner by means of self weight and integral nonuniformity, so that the continuous production of the materials is realized by self gravity; the spiral structure that the multilayer flue gas deflector formed improves the heat transfer area of material, effectively promotes the gas calorific value, need not complicated mechanical operation device simultaneously, reduces energy consumption, improves the reliability of system safety and stability operation.
2. According to the invention, a spiral structure formed by multiple layers of smoke guide plates is adopted to increase the heat exchange area of materials and strengthen the internal and external reactions of the orbiting structure; the inside and outside heating is carried out by adopting a high-temperature flue gas baffling mode, so that the pyrolysis reaction of materials in the heating pipe is promoted, and the heat utilization efficiency is high. The problems of small heat exchange area and low gas value existing in the prior pyrolysis device adopting semi-gasification direct combustion and indirect external heating for heat exchange are solved.
3. According to the invention, materials are fully pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis furnace, pyrolysis gas is conveyed downwards and is cooled by being cooled by air, secondary pyrolysis reaction is carried out on the secondary pyrolysis tube of the pyrolysis gas under the influence of high temperature in the reaction zone, the trend of the pyrolysis gas is similar to a U shape, the overall heat exchange efficiency of the system is improved, the heat value of the fuel gas is effectively improved, and clean high-quality fuel gas is produced.
4. According to the invention, internal and external synchronous heating is carried out by adopting a high-temperature flue gas baffling heat exchange mode, the flue gas temperature of a lower layer hot flue gas inlet is high, so that materials are fully pyrolyzed, the temperature of upper layer flue gas is relatively low, so that the materials are subjected to primary reaction, the temperature of high-temperature flue gas is gradually reduced from bottom to top in a flue gas guide plate, and finally the high-temperature flue gas is conveyed to a drying furnace and a material lifting system to fully utilize waste heat; the pyrolysis gas is subjected to secondary reaction in the high-temperature section of the pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis pipe, heat is transferred to the outside of the pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis pipe in the upward discharging process, the temperature is gradually reduced, and finally the pyrolysis gas is conveyed to a combustion furnace, a boiler and a gas generator to supply power, heat and steam in multiple ways, so that the comprehensive utilization value is improved. Therefore, the whole pyrolysis furnace has the advantages of heat transfer interaction, high heat utilization efficiency and realization of gradient utilization of energy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the hot flue gas profile of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a hot inner barrel flue gas flow diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a hot flue gas flow diagram of the outer tub of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the trend of pyrolysis gas in the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the inner drum pyrolysis gas in the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a view showing the outer tub pyrolysis gas in the present invention.
In the figure, a furnace body 1, an inner cylinder 2, an outer cylinder 3, a conical distributor 4, a pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis tube 5, a pyrolysis gas outlet 6, a flue gas outlet 7, a hot flue gas inlet 8, a flue gas guide plate 9, a fuel gas guide plate 10, an outer guide partition plate 11, an inner guide partition plate 12, a wire material level meter 13, an expansion joint 14 and an ash cleaning hole 15.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following description of the drawings and the detailed description.
Referring to fig. 1, a progressive biomass high-efficiency energy-saving pyrolysis furnace comprises a furnace body 1, wherein a feed inlet is formed in the top of the furnace body 1. An inner cylinder 2 and an outer cylinder 3 are arranged in the middle of the furnace body 1, the cylinder body of the inner cylinder 2 is sleeved in the outer cylinder 3, and a conical material distributor 4 is arranged at the top of the inner cylinder 2 corresponding to the feed inlet of the furnace body 1. A pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis tube 5 is arranged in the inner tube 2, and the inner cavity of the inner tube 2 is not communicated with the inner cavity of the pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis tube 5; the top of the pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis tube 5 is an outlet, and the bottom of the pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis tube 5 is an inlet. The upper part of the furnace body 1 is provided with a pyrolysis gas outlet 6 and a flue gas outlet 7, the lower part of the furnace body 1 is provided with a hot flue gas inlet 8, the outlet of the pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis tube 5 is communicated with the pyrolysis gas outlet 6, and the flue gas outlet 7 and the hot flue gas inlet 8 are both communicated with the inner cavity of the inner cylinder 2.
Referring to fig. 1, specifically, a plurality of groups of spiral structures formed by vertically staggering a plurality of layers of flue gas guide plates 9 are arranged between the outer cylinder 3 and the inner cylinder 2; the flue gas deflector 9 be both ends open-ended hollow plate, flue gas deflector 9 one end opening and inner tube 2 inner chamber UNICOM, flue gas deflector 9 other end opening and the cavity intercommunication between furnace body 1 and urceolus 3. Outer guide partition plates 11 are arranged between the furnace body 1 and the outer cylinder 3 at intervals of two layers of flue gas guide plates 9, inner guide partition plates 12 are arranged between the inner cylinder 2 and the outer cylinder 3 at intervals of two layers of flue gas guide plates 9, and the outer guide partition plates 11 and the inner guide partition plates 12 are arranged in a staggered manner; the flue gas outlet 7 is communicated with the inner cavity of the inner barrel 2 through a topmost flue gas guide plate 9, and the hot flue gas inlet 8 is communicated with the inner cavity of the inner barrel 2 through a bottommost flue gas guide plate 9. Furthermore, the included angle between the upper and lower adjacent flue gas guide plates 9 in the same group is 10 degrees, so that the flue gas guide plates 9 in the same group are in a gradual multi-orbiting spiral structure on the whole.
Referring to fig. 1, specifically, a gas guide plate 10 is arranged between the outer cylinder 3 and the inner cylinder 2 corresponding to the outlet at the top of the pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis tube 5, the gas guide plate 10 is a hollow plate with two open ends, one open end of the gas guide plate 10 is communicated with the inner cavity of the pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis tube 5, and the other open end of the gas guide plate 10 is communicated with the cavity between the furnace body 1 and the outer cylinder 3. And an isolation guide plate is arranged between the inner cylinder 2 and the outer cylinder 3 corresponding to the gas guide plate 10 and the smoke guide plate 9.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the pyrolysis furnace exchanges heat for biomass materials through a flue gas guide plate 9 heated by high-temperature flue gas, so that pyrolysis of the biomass materials is realized; the flue gas deflector 9 of the hollow plate structure is used for passing hot flue gas and heating the hot flue gas. Hot flue gas of about 950 ℃ from a combustion furnace enters the pyrolysis furnace from a hot flue gas inlet 8, is discharged from a flue gas outlet 7, namely, high-temperature flue gas enters from the lower part of the pyrolysis section and goes out from the upper part of the pyrolysis section, the massive biomass raw material is heated and pyrolyzed gradually through heat conduction, and the final products are pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis carbon. An outer guide clapboard 11 between the inner cylinder 2 and the outer cylinder 3 directionally controls the circulation of the flue gas, thereby achieving the purpose of artificially controlling the heat exchange trend of the hot flue gas; the hot flue gas is heated from bottom to top according to the trend of the shape of the Chinese character 'Z', the biomass material is contacted with the heated flue gas guide plate 9 in a large area, and the heat transfer efficiency of the hot flue gas to the material in the flue gas guide plate 9 is effectively realized.
Referring to fig. 1, 5 to 7, the pyrolysis furnace is accompanied with the material to perform the material feeding in the pyrolysis furnace in an orbiting manner, and the generated pyrolysis gas is transferred downwards; the temperature of the flue gas is reduced under the influence of air cooling, and the temperature of the pyrolysis gas finally gathered at the lower part of the furnace body 1 is 300-400 ℃. The pyrolysis gas is gradually conveyed upwards in the pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis tube 5, the trend of the pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis tube is similar to a U shape, the high-temperature area of the secondary pyrolysis tube is 500-600 ℃, the pyrolysis gas is subjected to secondary pyrolysis, and the reaction is full; the pyrolysis gas continuously transfers heat to the pyrolysis furnace in the upward conveying process, the temperature is gradually reduced to about 400 ℃, and finally the pyrolysis gas is conveyed to equipment such as a combustion furnace, a boiler, a gas generator and the like from a pyrolysis gas outlet 6 to supply power, heat and steam in multiple ways, so that the comprehensive utilization value of the pyrolysis gas is improved.
Referring to fig. 1 to 7, during pyrolysis, firstly, biomass raw materials are put into a pyrolysis furnace to reach a conical distributor 4, and the biomass materials can uniformly fall into a cavity between a furnace body 1 and an outer cylinder 3 under the action of the conical distributor 4. The spiral structure formed by the multilayer smoke guide plates 9 in an up-and-down staggered manner greatly increases the contact area of materials in the pyrolysis furnace, so that the materials realize continuous reaction under the action of self gravity; meanwhile, the temperature of the flue gas guide plate 9 on the same layer is different, so that the reaction degree of the materials is different, the gravity of the materials is not uniform, the falling speed of the materials at different parts is different, and the blocking condition is avoided. The initial water content of the materials entering the pyrolysis furnace is about 15 percent, and the materials are heated to 400 ℃ of 300 ℃ under the action of the residual heat of the flue gas in the flue gas guide plate 9 and the gaseous product of the secondary pyrolysis tube in the secondary pyrolysis tube 5 of the pyrolysis gas through the primary reaction, so that the complete reaction of the materials is guaranteed; then the reaction is completed by the high temperature reaction of 500 ℃ and 600 ℃.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and it is not intended that the invention be limited to these specific details. For those skilled in the art to which the invention relates, several simple deductions or substitutions may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and the above-mentioned structures should be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. The progressive biomass high-efficiency energy-saving pyrolysis furnace is characterized in that: comprises a furnace body (1), a feed inlet is arranged at the top of the furnace body (1), an inner cylinder (2) and an outer cylinder (3) are arranged at the middle part in the furnace body (1), a cylinder body of the inner cylinder (2) is sleeved in the outer cylinder (3), a conical distributor (4) is arranged at the top of the inner cylinder (2) corresponding to the feed inlet of the furnace body (1), a pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis tube (5) is arranged in the inner cylinder (2), an inner cavity of the inner cylinder (2) is not communicated with an inner cavity of the pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis tube (5), the top of the pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis tube (5) is an outlet, the bottom of the pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis tube (5) is an inlet, a pyrolysis gas outlet (6) and a flue gas outlet (7) are arranged at the upper part of the furnace body (1), a hot flue gas inlet (8) is arranged at the lower part of the furnace body (1), and an outlet of, flue gas outlet (7) and hot flue gas inlet (8) all communicate with inner tube (2) inner chamber, urceolus (3) and inner tube (2) between be provided with the multiunit by crisscross helical structure who forms from top to bottom of multilayer flue gas deflector (9), flue gas deflector (9) be both ends open-ended hollow plate, flue gas deflector (9) one end opening and inner tube (2) inner chamber UNICOM, cavity intercommunication between flue gas deflector (9) other end opening and furnace body (1) and urceolus (3), furnace body (1) and urceolus (3) between every two-layer flue gas deflector (9) be provided with outer guide baffle (11), between inner tube (2) and urceolus (3) every two-layer flue gas deflector (9) be provided with interior guide baffle (12), and crisscross setting between outer guide baffle (11) and interior guide baffle (12), flue gas outlet (7) and inner tube (2) inner chamber between communicate through the superiors flue gas deflector (9), the hot flue gas inlet (8) is communicated with the inner cavity of the inner barrel (2) through a bottommost flue gas guide plate (9).
2. The progressive biomass energy-efficient pyrolysis furnace of claim 1, wherein: the included angle between the upper and lower adjacent smoke guide plates (9) in the same group is 10 degrees.
3. The progressive biomass energy-efficient pyrolysis furnace of claim 1, wherein: correspond pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis pipe (5) top export and be provided with gas deflector (10) between urceolus (3) and inner tube (2), gas deflector (10) be both ends open-ended hollow plate, gas deflector (10) one end opening and pyrolysis gas secondary pyrolysis pipe (5) inner chamber UNICOM, the cavity intercommunication between gas deflector (10) other end opening and furnace body (1) and urceolus (3).
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| CN201810932492.6A CN109266370B (en) | 2018-08-16 | 2018-08-16 | Progressive biomass high-efficiency energy-saving pyrolysis furnace |
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| CN109161389B (en) * | 2018-08-16 | 2023-11-03 | 湖北师范大学 | Self-weight spiral progressive biomass efficient energy-saving pyrolysis system |
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