CN109258266B - Efficient cultivation method for camphor tree oil forest - Google Patents
Efficient cultivation method for camphor tree oil forest Download PDFInfo
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- 241000723346 Cinnamomum camphora Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- CDOSHBSSFJOMGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N linalool Chemical compound CC(C)=CCCC(C)(O)C=C CDOSHBSSFJOMGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- 239000001490 (3R)-3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-ol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- CDOSHBSSFJOMGT-JTQLQIEISA-N (R)-linalool Natural products CC(C)=CCC[C@@](C)(O)C=C CDOSHBSSFJOMGT-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 229930007744 linalool Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 244000153665 Ficus glomerata Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000012571 Ficus glomerata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 7
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-XCBNKYQSSA-N (R)-camphor Chemical compound C1C[C@@]2(C)C(=O)C[C@@H]1C2(C)C DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-XCBNKYQSSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000013599 spices Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZMQAAUBTXCXRIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N safrole Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=C2OCOC2=C1 ZMQAAUBTXCXRIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000341 volatile oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- NQRLWRODNCDUHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-n,6-n,2-trimethylacridine-3,6-diamine Chemical compound C1=C(C)C(N)=CC2=NC3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3C=C21 NQRLWRODNCDUHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000218195 Lauraceae Species 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930008380 camphor Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229960000846 camphor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001256 steam distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0262—Mulches, i.e. covering material not-pre-formed in mats or sheets
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H4/00—Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques ; Tissue culture techniques therefor
- A01H4/008—Methods for regeneration to complete plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/006—Waste from chemical processing of material, e.g. diestillation, roasting, cooking
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/90—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting the nitrification of ammonium compounds or urea in the soil
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-efficiency cultivation method of camphor tree oil forest, which comprises the steps of nursery stock selection, site conditions, planting technology, density regulation, tree shape regulation, tending management, harvesting mode and the like. The method selects clonal cuttage container seedlings or tissue culture container seedlings, and strictly controls various parameter values of the seedlings, so that the oil content and the linalool content of camphor trees are ensured; by implementing secondary hardening-seedling, the survival rate of afforestation is greatly improved, and the branches and leaves of camphor trees are greatly increased by adopting the technical means of reasonable close planting, regulation and control of the clumpy trees, two harvests in one year and the like. The method also recycles the waste residue of the linalool extraction process as the camphor tree planting fertilizer, reduces the cost, reduces the environmental pollution caused by waste, reasonably collects camphor tree resources, avoids a predatory collection mode, and realizes the sustainable utilization of camphor tree resources.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency cultivation method of camphor tree leaf forests.
Background
Cinnamomum camphora (cinnamomum camphora) belongs to Lauraceae plants, belongs to national second class protective plants, grows well in deep fertile and moist acidic or neutral yellow soil and red soil, is not resistant to drought, barren and saline-alkali soil, has strong germination capacity, is resistant to pruning, has strong sulfur dioxide, ozone and smoke pollution resistance, and can absorb various toxic gases. The botanical pesticide is mainly distributed in southern provinces such as Jiangxi, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Fujian, Guizhou, Hainan and the like, is one of important tree species of evergreen broad-leaved forests in subtropical regions of China, and is also an important perfume raw material tree species. The camphor tree mainly contains natural spice compounds such as linalool, safrole, camphor and the like, is an important spice raw material in a plurality of industries such as medicine, chemical industry, food, cosmetics and the like, and plays a significant role in exporting and earning main spice varieties in China. The linalool spice has the widest application range and great comprehensive utilization and development values. The natural linalool is unique and pure, has mellow smell, and many medicines select levorotatory body in the natural linalool as a raw material, and the levorotatory-free artificially synthesized linalool cannot be compared.
Research shows that essential oil content and chemical composition of the cinnamomum camphora in different groups of the same tree species, different individuals of the same group and different organs of the same individual are obviously different. However, the traditional camphor tree planting method does not make good seed selection work, so that many planted camphor trees are hybrid camphor trees with low oil content and less linalool content, the cost for processing and separating linalool is greatly increased, and the economic benefit is seriously influenced. Although natural linalool is mainly extracted from camphor tree leaves, in order to increase the yield of linalool, a lot of natural linalool is obtained by randomly digging camphor trees, and using branches, leaves, trunks, roots and the like as raw materials to obtain primary linalool oil through steam distillation, so that the natural linalool is a predatory damage to camphor tree resources. Therefore, the development of the directed cultivation of the camphor tree oil forest, the provision of high-yield and high-quality camphor tree resources and the formation of a sustainable development mode are the main research contents at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of low oil content of camphor trees, low linalool content in essential oil and the like in the planting of the camphor tree oil forest, the invention provides the efficient cultivation method of the camphor tree oil forest.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a high-efficiency cultivation method of camphor tree oil forest comprises the following steps:
selecting nursery stocks:
selecting camphor trees with fresh leaf oil content of more than or equal to 1.5 percent and linalool content of more than or equal to 88 percent as mother trees, and culturing clone cuttage container seedlings or tissue culture container seedlings by a conventional method; selecting healthy cuttage container seedlings or tissue culture container seedlings which are 3-6 months old, 25-40cm high, more than or equal to 0.3cm in ground diameter, developed in root system, free of diseases and insect pests and free of damage as seedlings for afforestation and field planting;
(II) the conditions of the field:
in the camphor tree habitability area, plain or slope land with the gradient less than 15 degrees is selected, the irrigation and drainage conditions are good, the soil is loose and breathable, the soil layer is deep and fertile loam or sandy loam, and the transportation and management are convenient;
(III) planting the nursery stock
(1) Planting time: planting in the first ten days of 2 months to the middle ten days of 4 months in spring every year, and replanting in the rainy season of 5 months to 6 months; the place with less frost and more rainfall can be planted from 10 late months to 12 early months in winter;
(2) hardening seedlings: hardening seedlings for 2 times, wherein the first time is 15 days before field planting, gradually uncovering a film and a shadow net, and controlling water supply; the second time is 5 days before the fixed planting, the nursery stock is moved to the side of the forestation land, the hardening off is carried out for 5 days in the environment of the forestation land, and the water supply is controlled;
(3) digging the whole land: performing comprehensive soil preparation, wherein the soil preparation depth is 40-50cm, and the digging ridge specification is 50cm multiplied by 40 cm; applying 1000g of organic fertilizer and 50g of urea in each hole as base fertilizers;
(4) planting: removing the nutrition bag of the container seedling without breaking the container seedling matrix, placing the seedling in the hole, aligning the seedling front and back and left and right by visual inspection to form lines, earthing up, compacting along the periphery of the seedling, and covering with rice straw with thickness of 3-5 cm and humidity of more than 60%;
(IV) density regulation: the row spacing of plants is controlled between 1.0 and 1.5m, and the planting density is set to 10000 plants/hm24444 strains/hm2；
(V) tree type regulation: controlling the tree shape into a cluster tree shape by pinching and cutting the stems for multiple times, cutting the stems for the first time two months after planting, wherein the stem cutting position is 10cm away from the ground, and promoting new branches to grow; when the new branch grows to 15-20cm, selecting 6 main branches in different directions for pinching; when 6 main branches grow to 25-30 cm, pinching again, repeating for 3 times, and controlling the height of camphor tree at 1.6-2.0 m;
and (VI) tending management:
(1) weeding: weeding for 1 time every 1 month before canopy closure, and spreading the weeds under the forest for moisturizing after weeding;
(2) fertilizing: fertilizing for the first time after planting for 5 months in the current year of forestation, fertilizing for 2 times every year in the next year, wherein the first fertilizing time is 4 months, and the second fertilizing time is 9 months;
(seventh) harvesting mode:
(1) harvesting 2 times in one year in 6-7 months and 12-1 months respectively;
(2) during harvesting, harvesting and cutting the tree at a position 10cm away from the ground, and reserving 3 main branches in different directions for photosynthesis;
(3) after harvesting, 500g of compound fertilizer NPK and 100g of linalool extraction waste residue are applied, and straws are covered for shading and moisturizing.
Further, the organic fertilizer in the step (III) is prepared by mixing waste residues obtained by a conventional linalool extraction method and livestock manure according to the mass ratio of 2:1 and then composting.
Further, in the small seedling hardening step in the step (three), when the seedling is hardened for the first time for 1 to 5 days, the film and the shadow net are gradually uncovered every day until half of the film and the shadow net are uncovered; after 6-10 days, the whole film and the shadow mask are gradually uncovered.
Further, in the seedling exercising process in the step (III), when the temperature is higher than 30 ℃, water is sprayed for 2 times every day, namely 9 am and 17 pm; when the air temperature is lower than 30 ℃, spraying water at 9 am; in rainy days, no water is drenched.
Further, the planting density in the step (IV) is 10000 strains/hm28333 strains/hm26667 strains/hm24444 strains/hm2Middle ren of (1)Meaning a density of colonization.
Further, the fertilizer applied in the step (six) is the organic fertilizer used in the step (three).
Further, the nitrogen content of the compound fertilizer NPK in the step (VII) is 15-20%, the phosphorus content is 4-8%, and the potassium content is 15-20%; the linalool extraction waste residue is obtained by a conventional linalool extraction method.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention selects camphor trees with oil content of fresh leaves being more than or equal to 1.5 percent and linalool content being more than or equal to 88 percent as mother trees for cultivating clone cuttage container seedlings or tissue culture container seedlings, ensures that a large number of excellent camphor tree seedlings are cultivated for oil forest cultivation, strictly selects nursery stocks with the seedling age of 3-6 months, the height of 25-40cm, the ground diameter of more than or equal to 0.3cm and the like for afforestation cultivation, ensures the quality of the nursery stocks, and can improve the survival rate of the nursery stocks.
2. The invention provides a scheme of hardening seedlings twice in the seedling planting step, gradually changes the environmental conditions of the container seedlings, promotes the seedlings to be capable of rapidly adapting to the growth environment of the forest land after field planting, improves the survival rate of the seedlings and further improves the cultivation efficiency of camphor tree oil used forest.
3. The invention provides a method for promoting the growth of seedlings after field planting by applying a certain base fertilizer to each hole when digging ridges on the ground, wherein the used organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing waste residues obtained by a conventional linalool extraction method with livestock manure and then composting the mixture, and then mixing the obtained organic fertilizer with urea to obtain the base fertilizer; the linalool extraction waste residue contains a large amount of cellulose and microelements such as iron, manganese, nickel, zinc, cadmium, copper and the like, and can be used as a high-quality organic fertilizer to provide nutrients for the growth of camphor tree seedlings and supplement the microelements required by the growth of camphor tree seedlings after composting; meanwhile, the urea is added into the base fertilizer to provide sufficient nitrogen for the growth of seedlings, so that the growth of camphor tree leaves is promoted, the oil content and the linalool content of the camphor tree leaves are further improved, the humidity of the camphor tree growth environment is high, the urea in soil is easy to hydrolyze, the fertilizer efficiency is influenced, the inorganic metals such as nickel, copper and the like in the linalool extraction waste residues can inhibit the hydrolysis speed of the urea in the soil, the volatilization of ammonia to the atmosphere is reduced, the urea fertilizer efficiency is enhanced, the growth of the camphor tree leaves is promoted, and the oil content and the linalool content of the camphor tree leaves are improved.
4. The invention provides that after the nursery stock is fixedly planted, the periphery of the nursery stock is covered with straws, and the humidity of the straws is controlled to be more than 60 percent, so that the nursery stock can be effectively kept to grow in an environment with proper humidity.
5. The invention controls the row spacing and planting density of plants by density regulation; and the height of the camphor tree is controlled by cutting stems for multiple times, so that dwarfing and tree-shaped clustering of the camphor tree oil forest are realized, and the yield of camphor tree leaves is increased.
6. In the step (VI), the extracted weeds are reasonably utilized to moisturize the camphor trees; in the step (VII), the linalool extraction waste residues and the NPK compound fertilizer are mixed for use, the moisture absorption of cellulose in the waste residues is utilized to ensure that the soil humidity is suitable for the growth of camphor trees, and metals such as cadmium, zinc and the like in the waste residues have a certain nitrification inhibition effect, so that the absorption efficiency of the camphor trees on nitrogen elements in the compound fertilizer can be improved, and the growth of camphor tree leaves is promoted.
7. The method starts with the technical links of seedling selection, site conditions, planting technology, density regulation, tree shape regulation, tending management and the like, and aims to provide theoretical basis and application technology for the construction of camphor tree oil forest base; the camphor tree with high oil content and high linalool content can be cultivated by reasonably utilizing the linalool extraction waste residue as a camphor tree planting fertilizer, the camphor tree leaf yield of the camphor tree oil forest is improved, the raw material requirement of the natural linalool extraction industry is met, the linalool extraction cost is reduced, the predatory harvesting mode is avoided, and the sustainable development of camphor tree resources is realized.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention thereto. The specific experimental conditions and methods not indicated in the following examples are generally conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.
Example 1:
a high-efficiency cultivation method of camphor tree oil forest comprises the following steps:
selecting nursery stocks:
selecting camphor trees with fresh leaf oil content of more than or equal to 1.5 percent and linalool content of more than or equal to 88 percent as mother trees, and culturing clone cuttage container seedlings or tissue culture container seedlings by a conventional method; selecting healthy cuttage container seedlings or tissue culture container seedlings which are 3-6 months old, 25-40cm high, more than or equal to 0.3cm in ground diameter, developed in root system, free of diseases and insect pests and free of damage as seedlings for afforestation and field planting;
(II) the conditions of the field:
in the camphor tree habitability area, plain or slope land with the gradient less than 15 degrees is selected, the irrigation and drainage conditions are good, the soil is loose and breathable, the soil layer is deep and fertile loam or sandy loam, and the transportation and management are convenient;
(III) seedling planting:
(1) planting time: planting in the first ten days of 2 months to the middle ten days of 4 months in spring every year, and replanting in the rainy season of 5 months to 6 months; the place with less frost and more rainfall can be planted from 10 late months to 12 early months in winter;
(2) hardening seedlings: hardening off the seedlings for 2 times, wherein the first time is that the film and the shadow net are gradually uncovered every day from 15 days before the permanent planting when hardening off the seedlings for 1 to 5 days until half of the film and the shadow net are uncovered; gradually uncovering all the films and the shadow nets after 6-10 days; the second time is 5 days before the fixed planting, the nursery stock is moved to the side of the forestation land, and the hardening off is carried out for 5 days in the environment of the forestation land; in the whole seedling hardening process, when the temperature is higher than 30 ℃, water is sprayed for 2 times every day at 9 am and 17 pm respectively; when the air temperature is less than 30 ℃, spraying water at 9 am; in rainy days, the water is not drenched;
(3) digging the whole land: carrying out comprehensive soil preparation, and preparing soil depth: 40-50cm, digging ridge specification: 50cm × 50cm × 40 cm; applying 1000g of organic fertilizer and 50g of urea in each hole as base fertilizers, wherein the organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing waste residues obtained by a conventional linalool extraction method and livestock manure according to the mass ratio of 2:1 and composting;
(4) planting: removing the nutrition bag of the container seedling without breaking the container seedling matrix, placing the seedling in the hole, aligning the seedling front and back and left and right by visual inspection to form lines, earthing up, compacting along the periphery of the seedling, and covering with rice straw with thickness of 4cm and humidity of 80%;
(IV) density regulation, namely reasonably close planting, controlling the plant row spacing to be 1.0 × 1.0.0 m, and setting the planting density to be 10000 plants/hm2；
(V) tree type regulation: controlling the tree shape into a cluster tree shape by pinching and cutting the stems for multiple times, cutting the stems for the first time two months after planting, wherein the stem cutting position is 10cm away from the ground, and promoting new branches to grow; when the new branch grows to 15-20cm, selecting 6 main branches in different directions for pinching; when 6 main branches grow to 25-30 cm, pinching again, repeating for 3 times, and controlling the height of camphor tree at 1.6-2.0 m;
and (VI) tending management:
(1) weeding: weeding for 1 time every 1 month before canopy closure, and spreading the weeds under the forest for moisturizing after weeding;
(2) fertilizing: fertilizing for the first time after planting for 5 months in the current year of forestation, fertilizing for 2 times every year in the next year, wherein the first fertilizing time is 4 months, and the second fertilizing time is 9 months; the applied fertilizer is the organic fertilizer used in the step (three);
(seventh) harvesting mode:
(1) harvesting 2 times in one year in 6-7 months and 12-1 months respectively;
(2) during harvesting, harvesting and cutting the tree at a position 10cm away from the ground, and reserving 3 main branches in different directions for photosynthesis;
(3) after harvesting, topdressing 500g of compound fertilizer NPK and 100g of linalool extraction waste residue, and covering straws for shading and moisturizing; the NPK of the compound fertilizer contains 15-20% of nitrogen, 4-8% of phosphorus and 15-20% of potassium; the linalool extraction waste residue is obtained by a conventional linalool extraction method.
Example 2:
a high-efficiency cultivation method of camphor tree oil forest comprises the following steps:
selecting nursery stocks:
selecting camphor trees with fresh leaf oil content of more than or equal to 1.5 percent and linalool content of more than or equal to 88 percent as mother trees, and culturing clone cuttage container seedlings or tissue culture container seedlings by a conventional method; selecting healthy cuttage container seedlings or tissue culture container seedlings which are 3-6 months old, 25-40cm high, more than or equal to 0.3cm in ground diameter, developed in root system, free of diseases and insect pests and free of damage as seedlings for afforestation and field planting;
(II) the conditions of the field:
in the camphor tree habitability area, plain or slope land with the gradient less than 15 degrees is selected, the irrigation and drainage conditions are good, the soil is loose and breathable, the soil layer is deep and fertile loam or sandy loam, and the transportation and management are convenient;
(III) seedling planting:
(1) planting time: planting in the first ten days of 2 months to the middle ten days of 4 months in spring every year, and replanting in the rainy season of 5 months to 6 months; the place with less frost and more rainfall can be planted from 10 late months to 12 early months in winter;
(2) hardening seedlings: hardening off the seedlings for 2 times, wherein the first time is that the film and the shadow net are gradually uncovered every day from 15 days before the permanent planting when hardening off the seedlings for 1 to 5 days until half of the film and the shadow net are uncovered; gradually uncovering all the films and the shadow nets after 6-10 days; the second time is 5 days before the fixed planting, the nursery stock is moved to the side of the forestation land, and the hardening off is carried out for 5 days in the environment of the forestation land; in the whole seedling hardening process, when the temperature is higher than 30 ℃, water is sprayed for 2 times every day at 9 am and 17 pm respectively; when the air temperature is less than 30 ℃, spraying water at 9 am; in rainy days, the water is not drenched;
(3) digging the whole land: carrying out comprehensive soil preparation, and preparing soil depth: 40-50cm, digging ridge specification: 50cm × 50cm × 40 cm; applying 1000g of organic fertilizer and 50g of urea in each hole as base fertilizers, wherein the organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing waste residues obtained by a conventional linalool extraction method and livestock manure according to the mass ratio of 2:1 and composting;
(4) planting: removing the nutrition bag of the container seedling without breaking the container seedling matrix, placing the seedling in the hole, aligning the seedling front and back and left and right by visual inspection to form lines, earthing up, compacting along the periphery of the seedling, and covering with rice straw with thickness of 5cm and humidity of 90%;
(IV) density regulation, namely reasonably and densely planting, controlling the plant row spacing to be 1.0 × 1.2.2 m, and setting the planting density to be 8333 plants/hm2；
(V) tree type regulation: controlling the tree shape into a cluster tree shape by pinching and cutting the stems for multiple times, cutting the stems for the first time two months after planting, wherein the stem cutting position is 10cm away from the ground, and promoting new branches to grow; when the new branch grows to 15-20cm, selecting 6 main branches in different directions for pinching; when 6 main branches grow to 25-30 cm, pinching again, repeating for 3 times, and controlling the height of camphor tree at 1.6-2.0 m;
and (VI) tending management:
(1) weeding: weeding for 1 time every 1 month before canopy closure, and spreading the weeds under the forest for moisturizing after weeding;
(2) fertilizing: fertilizing for the first time after planting for 5 months in the current year of forestation, fertilizing for 2 times every year in the next year, wherein the first fertilizing time is 4 months, and the second fertilizing time is 9 months; the applied fertilizer is the organic fertilizer used in the step (three);
(seventh) harvesting mode:
(1) harvesting 2 times in one year in 6-7 months and 12-1 months respectively;
(2) during harvesting, harvesting and cutting the tree at a position 10cm away from the ground, and reserving 3 main branches in different directions for photosynthesis;
(3) after harvesting, topdressing 500g of compound fertilizer NPK and 100g of linalool extraction waste residue, and covering straws for shading and moisturizing; the NPK of the compound fertilizer contains 15-20% of nitrogen, 4-8% of phosphorus and 15-20% of potassium; the linalool extraction waste residue is obtained by a conventional linalool extraction method.
Example 3:
a high-efficiency cultivation method of camphor tree oil forest comprises the following steps:
selecting nursery stocks:
selecting camphor trees with fresh leaf oil content of more than or equal to 1.5 percent and linalool content of more than or equal to 88 percent as mother trees, and culturing clone cuttage container seedlings or tissue culture container seedlings by a conventional method; selecting healthy cuttage container seedlings or tissue culture container seedlings which are 3-6 months old, 25-40cm high, more than or equal to 0.3cm in ground diameter, developed in root system, free of diseases and insect pests and free of damage as seedlings for afforestation and field planting;
(II) the conditions of the field:
in the camphor tree habitability area, plain or slope land with the gradient less than 15 degrees is selected, the irrigation and drainage conditions are good, the soil is loose and breathable, the soil layer is deep and fertile loam or sandy loam, and the transportation and management are convenient;
(III) seedling planting:
(1) planting time: planting in the first ten days of 2 months to the middle ten days of 4 months in spring every year, and replanting in the rainy season of 5 months to 6 months; the place with less frost and more rainfall can be planted from 10 late months to 12 early months in winter;
(2) hardening seedlings: hardening off the seedlings for 2 times, wherein the first time is that the film and the shadow net are gradually uncovered every day from 15 days before the permanent planting when hardening off the seedlings for 1 to 5 days until half of the film and the shadow net are uncovered; gradually uncovering all the films and the shadow nets after 6-10 days; the second time is 5 days before the fixed planting, the nursery stock is moved to the side of the forestation land, and the hardening off is carried out for 5 days in the environment of the forestation land; in the whole seedling hardening process, when the temperature is higher than 30 ℃, water is sprayed for 2 times every day at 9 am and 17 pm respectively; when the air temperature is less than 30 ℃, spraying water at 9 am; in rainy days, the water is not drenched;
(3) digging the whole land: carrying out comprehensive soil preparation, and preparing soil depth: 40-50cm, digging ridge specification: 50cm × 50cm × 40 cm; applying 1000g of organic fertilizer and 50g of urea in each hole as base fertilizers, wherein the organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing waste residues obtained by a conventional linalool extraction method and livestock manure according to the mass ratio of 2:1 and composting;
(4) planting: removing the nutrition bag of the container seedling without breaking the container seedling matrix, placing the seedling in the hole, aligning the seedling front and back and left and right by visual inspection to form lines, earthing up, compacting along the periphery of the seedling, and covering with rice straw with thickness of 3cm and humidity of 75%;
(IV) density regulation, namely reasonably close planting, controlling the plant row spacing to be 1.2 × 1.5.5 m, and setting the planting density to be 5556 plants/hm2；
(V) tree type regulation: controlling the tree shape into a cluster tree shape by pinching and cutting the stems for multiple times, cutting the stems for the first time two months after planting, wherein the stem cutting position is 10cm away from the ground, and promoting new branches to grow; when the new branch grows to 15-20cm, selecting 6 main branches in different directions for pinching; when 6 main branches grow to 25-30 cm, pinching again, repeating for 3 times, and controlling the height of camphor tree at 1.6-2.0 m;
and (VI) tending management:
(1) weeding: weeding for 1 time every 1 month before canopy closure, and spreading the weeds under the forest for moisturizing after weeding;
(2) fertilizing: fertilizing for the first time after planting for 5 months in the current year of forestation, fertilizing for 2 times every year in the next year, wherein the first fertilizing time is 4 months, and the second fertilizing time is 9 months; the applied fertilizer is the organic fertilizer used in the step (three);
(seventh) harvesting mode:
(1) harvesting 2 times in one year in 6-7 months and 12-1 months respectively;
(2) during harvesting, harvesting and cutting the tree at a position 10cm away from the ground, and reserving 3 main branches in different directions for photosynthesis;
(3) after harvesting, topdressing 500g of compound fertilizer NPK and 100g of linalool extraction waste residue, and covering straws for shading and moisturizing; the NPK of the compound fertilizer contains 15-20% of nitrogen, 4-8% of phosphorus and 15-20% of potassium; the linalool extraction waste residue is obtained by a conventional linalool extraction method.
Example 4:
a high-efficiency cultivation method of camphor tree oil forest comprises the following steps:
selecting nursery stocks:
selecting camphor trees with fresh leaf oil content of more than or equal to 1.5 percent and linalool content of more than or equal to 88 percent as mother trees, and culturing clone cuttage container seedlings or tissue culture container seedlings by a conventional method; selecting healthy cuttage container seedlings or tissue culture container seedlings which are 3-6 months old, 25-40cm high, more than or equal to 0.3cm in ground diameter, developed in root system, free of diseases and insect pests and free of damage as seedlings for afforestation and field planting;
(II) the conditions of the field:
in the camphor tree habitability area, plain or slope land with the gradient less than 15 degrees is selected, the irrigation and drainage conditions are good, the soil is loose and breathable, the soil layer is deep and fertile loam or sandy loam, and the transportation and management are convenient;
(III) seedling planting:
(1) planting time: planting in the first ten days of 2 months to the middle ten days of 4 months in spring every year, and replanting in the rainy season of 5 months to 6 months; the place with less frost and more rainfall can be planted from 10 late months to 12 early months in winter;
(2) hardening seedlings: hardening off the seedlings for 2 times, wherein the first time is that the film and the shadow net are gradually uncovered every day from 15 days before the permanent planting when hardening off the seedlings for 1 to 5 days until half of the film and the shadow net are uncovered; gradually uncovering all the films and the shadow nets after 6-10 days; the second time is 5 days before the fixed planting, the nursery stock is moved to the side of the forestation land, and the hardening off is carried out for 5 days in the environment of the forestation land; in the whole seedling hardening process, when the temperature is higher than 30 ℃, water is sprayed for 2 times every day at 9 am and 17 pm respectively; when the air temperature is less than 30 ℃, spraying water at 9 am; in rainy days, the water is not drenched;
(3) digging the whole land: carrying out comprehensive soil preparation, and preparing soil depth: 40-50cm, digging ridge specification: 50cm × 50cm × 40 cm; applying 1000g of organic fertilizer and 50g of urea in each hole as base fertilizers, wherein the organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing waste residues obtained by a conventional linalool extraction method and livestock manure according to the mass ratio of 2:1 and composting;
(4) planting: removing the nutrition bag of the container seedling without breaking the container seedling matrix, placing the seedling in the hole, aligning the seedling front and back and left and right by visual inspection to form lines, earthing up, compacting along the periphery of the seedling, and covering with straw with thickness of 4.5cm and humidity of 70%;
(IV) density regulation, namely reasonably close planting, controlling the plant row spacing to be 1.5 × 1.5.5 m, and setting the planting density to be 4444 plants/hm2；
(V) tree type regulation: controlling the tree shape into a cluster tree shape by pinching and cutting the stems for multiple times, cutting the stems for the first time two months after planting, wherein the stem cutting position is 10cm away from the ground, and promoting new branches to grow; when the new branch grows to 15-20cm, selecting 6 main branches in different directions for pinching; when 6 main branches grow to 25-30 cm, pinching again, repeating for 3 times, and controlling the height of camphor tree at 1.6-2.0 m;
and (VI) tending management:
(1) weeding: weeding for 1 time every 1 month before canopy closure, and spreading the weeds under the forest for moisturizing after weeding;
(2) fertilizing: fertilizing for the first time after planting for 5 months in the current year of forestation, fertilizing for 2 times every year in the next year, wherein the first fertilizing time is 4 months, and the second fertilizing time is 9 months; the applied fertilizer is the organic fertilizer used in the step (three);
(seventh) harvesting mode:
(1) harvesting 2 times in one year in 6-7 months and 12-1 months respectively;
(2) during harvesting, harvesting and cutting the tree at a position 10cm away from the ground, and reserving 3 main branches in different directions for photosynthesis;
(3) after harvesting, topdressing 500g of compound fertilizer NPK and 100g of linalool extraction waste residue, and covering straws for shading and moisturizing; the NPK of the compound fertilizer contains 15-20% of nitrogen, 4-8% of phosphorus and 15-20% of potassium; the linalool extraction waste residue is obtained by a conventional linalool extraction method.
Example 5:
a high-efficiency cultivation method of camphor tree oil forest comprises the following steps:
(one) seedling selection
Selecting camphor trees with fresh leaf oil content of more than or equal to 1.5 percent and linalool content of more than or equal to 88 percent as mother trees, and culturing clone cuttage container seedlings or tissue culture container seedlings by a conventional method; selecting healthy cuttage container seedlings or tissue culture container seedlings which are 3-6 months old, 25-40cm high, more than or equal to 0.3cm in ground diameter, developed in root system, free of diseases and insect pests and free of damage as seedlings for afforestation and field planting;
(II) ground-erecting condition
In the camphor tree habitability area, plain or slope land with the gradient less than 15 degrees is selected, the irrigation and drainage conditions are good, the soil is loose and breathable, the soil layer is deep and fertile loam or sandy loam, and the transportation and management are convenient;
(III) planting the nursery stock
(1) Planting time: planting in the first ten days of 2 months to the middle ten days of 4 months in spring every year, and replanting in the rainy season of 5 months to 6 months; the place with less frost and more rainfall can be planted from 10 late months to 12 early months in winter;
(2) hardening seedlings: hardening off the seedlings for 2 times, wherein the first time is that the film and the shadow net are gradually uncovered every day from 15 days before the permanent planting when hardening off the seedlings for 1 to 5 days until half of the film and the shadow net are uncovered; gradually uncovering all the films and the shadow nets after 6-10 days; the second time is 5 days before the fixed planting, the nursery stock is moved to the side of the forestation land, and the hardening off is carried out for 5 days in the environment of the forestation land; in the whole seedling hardening process, when the temperature is higher than 30 ℃, water is sprayed for 2 times every day at 9 am and 17 pm respectively; when the air temperature is less than 30 ℃, spraying water at 9 am; in rainy days, the water is not drenched;
(3) digging the whole land: carrying out comprehensive soil preparation, and preparing soil depth: 40-50cm, digging ridge specification: 50cm × 50cm × 40 cm; applying 1000g of organic fertilizer and 50g of urea in each hole as base fertilizers, wherein the organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing waste residues obtained by a conventional linalool extraction method and livestock manure according to the mass ratio of 2:1 and composting;
(4) planting: removing the nutrition bag of the container seedling without breaking the container seedling matrix, placing the seedling in the hole, aligning the seedling front and back and left and right by visual inspection to form lines, earthing up, compacting along the periphery of the seedling, and covering with straw with thickness of 3.5cm and humidity of 85%;
(IV) density regulation, namely reasonably and densely planting, controlling the plant row spacing to be 1.0 × 1.5.5 m, and setting the planting density to be 6667 plants/hm2；
(V) tree type regulation: controlling the tree shape into a cluster tree shape by pinching and cutting the stems for multiple times, cutting the stems for the first time two months after planting, wherein the stem cutting position is 10cm away from the ground, and promoting new branches to grow; when the new branch grows to 15-20cm, selecting 6 main branches in different directions for pinching; when 6 main branches grow to 25-30 cm, pinching again, repeating for 3 times, and controlling the height of camphor tree at 1.6-2.0 m;
and (VI) tending management:
(1) weeding: weeding for 1 time every 1 month before canopy closure, and spreading the weeds under the forest for moisturizing after weeding;
(2) fertilizing: fertilizing for the first time after planting for 5 months in the current year of forestation, fertilizing for 2 times every year in the next year, wherein the first fertilizing time is 4 months, and the second fertilizing time is 9 months; the applied fertilizer is the organic fertilizer used in the step (three);
(seventh) harvesting mode:
(1) harvesting 2 times in one year in 6-7 months and 12-1 months respectively;
(2) during harvesting, harvesting and cutting the tree at a position 10cm away from the ground, and reserving 3 main branches in different directions for photosynthesis;
(3) after harvesting, topdressing 500g of compound fertilizer NPK and 100g of linalool extraction waste residue, and covering straws for shading and moisturizing; the NPK of the compound fertilizer contains 15-20% of nitrogen, 4-8% of phosphorus and 15-20% of potassium; the linalool extraction waste residue is obtained by a conventional linalool extraction method.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (3)
1. The high-efficiency cultivation method of the camphor tree oil forest is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
selecting nursery stocks:
selecting camphor trees with fresh leaf oil content of more than or equal to 1.5 percent and linalool content of more than or equal to 88 percent as mother trees, and culturing clone cuttage container seedlings or tissue culture container seedlings by a conventional method; selecting healthy cuttage container seedlings or tissue culture container seedlings which are 3-6 months old, 25-40cm high, more than or equal to 0.3cm in ground diameter, developed in root system, free of diseases and insect pests and free of damage as seedlings for afforestation and field planting;
(II) the conditions of the field:
in the camphor tree habitability area, plain or slope land with the gradient less than 15 degrees is selected, the irrigation and drainage conditions are good, the soil is loose and breathable, the soil layer is deep and fertile loam or sandy loam, and the transportation and management are convenient;
(III) seedling planting:
(1) planting time: planting in the first ten days of 2 months to the middle ten days of 4 months in spring every year, and replanting in the rainy season of 5 months to 6 months; the place with less frost and more rainfall can be planted from 10 late months to 12 early months in winter;
(2) hardening seedlings: hardening seedlings for 2 times, wherein the first time is 15 days before field planting, gradually uncovering a film and a shadow net, and controlling water supply; the second time is 5 days before the fixed planting, the nursery stock is moved to the side of the forestation land, the hardening off is carried out for 5 days in the environment of the forestation land, and the water supply is controlled;
gradually uncovering the film and the shade net every day when the seedlings are hardened for 1-5 days for the first time until half of the film and the shade net are uncovered; gradually uncovering all the films and the shadow nets after 6-10 days;
when the temperature is higher than 30 ℃, the water is sprayed for 2 times every day, namely 9 am and 17 pm; when the air temperature is lower than 30 ℃, spraying water at 9 am; in rainy days, the water is not drenched;
(3) digging the whole land: performing comprehensive soil preparation, wherein the soil preparation depth is 40-50cm, and the digging ridge specification is 50cm multiplied by 40 cm; applying 1000g of organic fertilizer and 50g of urea in each hole as base fertilizers;
the organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing waste residues obtained by a conventional linalool extraction method and livestock manure according to the mass ratio of 2:1 and then composting;
(4) planting: removing the nutrition bag of the container seedling without breaking the container seedling matrix, placing the seedling in the hole, aligning the seedling front and back and left and right by visual inspection to form lines, earthing up, compacting along the periphery of the seedling, and covering with rice straw with thickness of 3-5 cm and humidity of more than 60%;
(IV) density regulation: the row spacing of plants is controlled between 1.0 and 1.5m, and the planting density is set to 10000 plants/hm24444 strains/hm2；
(V) tree type regulation: controlling the tree shape into a cluster tree shape by pinching and cutting the stems for multiple times, cutting the stems for the first time two months after planting, wherein the stem cutting position is 10cm away from the ground, and promoting new branches to grow; when the new branch grows to 15-20cm, selecting 6 main branches in different directions for pinching; when 6 main branches grow to 25-30 cm, pinching again, repeating for 3 times, and controlling the height of camphor tree at 1.6-2.0 m;
and (VI) tending management:
(1) weeding: weeding for 1 time every 1 month before canopy closure, and spreading the weeds under the forest for moisturizing after weeding;
(2) fertilizing: fertilizing for the first time after planting for 5 months in the current year of forestation, fertilizing for 2 times every year in the next year, wherein the first fertilizing time is 4 months, and the second fertilizing time is 9 months;
(seventh) harvesting mode:
(1) harvesting 2 times in one year in 6-7 months and 12-1 months respectively;
(2) during harvesting, harvesting and cutting the tree at a position 10cm away from the ground, and reserving 3 main branches in different directions for photosynthesis;
(3) after harvesting, topdressing 500g of compound fertilizer NPK and 100g of linalool extraction waste residue, and covering straws for shading and moisturizing;
the NPK of the compound fertilizer contains 15-20% of nitrogen, 4-8% of phosphorus and 15-20% of potassium; the linalool extraction waste residue is obtained by a conventional linalool extraction method.
2. The method for efficiently cultivating the camphor tree oil forest according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the planting density in the step (four) is 10000 strains/hm28333 strains/hm26667 strains/hm24444 strains/hm2Any one of the colonization densities.
3. The method for efficiently cultivating the camphor tree oil forest according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the fertilizer applied in the step (six) is the organic fertilizer used in the step (three).
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Application publication date: 20190125 Assignee: Wuzhou Zhibang Agroforestry Technology Co.,Ltd. Assignor: GUANGXI ZHUANG AUTONOMOUS REGION FORESTRY Research Institute Contract record no.: X2023980045109 Denomination of invention: An Efficient Cultivation Method for Camphor Tree Oil Forest Granted publication date: 20200908 License type: Common License Record date: 20231031 |