CN109258000A - 一种水稻种子高效优化催芽及育苗方法 - Google Patents

一种水稻种子高效优化催芽及育苗方法 Download PDF

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CN109258000A
CN109258000A CN201811235715.XA CN201811235715A CN109258000A CN 109258000 A CN109258000 A CN 109258000A CN 201811235715 A CN201811235715 A CN 201811235715A CN 109258000 A CN109258000 A CN 109258000A
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seed
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张保刚
崔娟
宋永玉
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ANHUI ROYEE SEED Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开一种水稻种子高效优化催芽及育苗方法，包括以下步骤：S1：浸泡液浸种；所述浸泡液由1‑4％氯化钠、0.1‑0.5％高锰酸钾、2‑6％艾叶汁、1.4‑3％青蒿汁、0.5‑1.5％竹醋液、85‑95％水组成；S2：催芽助剂喷施稻种，并在磁场作用下进行催芽；所述催芽助剂包括以下浓度的水溶液：5‑硝基愈创木酚钠3mg/L、蜂花醇5mg/L、α‑萘乙酸钠50mg/L、细胞***素35mg/L、赤霉素60mg/L；S3：播种并喷施复合杀虫除草剂；所述复合杀虫除草剂包括以下浓度的水溶液：伊维菌素25mg/L、双丙胺膦35mg/L、氯吡硫磷40mg/L、印楝素30mg/L；S4：育苗管理。本发明结合浸种催芽、变温催芽、辅助磁场处理等三种方法对稻种进行催芽处理，有助于打破种子休眠状态，诱导种子萌发，发芽率和成苗率更高。

Description

一种水稻种子高效优化催芽及育苗方法
技术领域
本发明属于种植技术领域，具体涉及一种水稻种子高效优化催芽及育苗方法。
背景技术
水稻是世界面积和总产量仅次于小麦的第二大粮食作物,世界上约有55.9％的人口以稻米为主。据***粮食及农业组织统计，2014年度世界水稻播种面积约16325万公顷，总产量约74096万吨。水稻的催芽及育苗技术是水稻种植过程中的关键之处，直接决定了水稻秧苗移栽后的成活率及有效单株分蘖数，但传统水浸催芽及育苗的方法前处理时间长，种子萌发率低，新生苗抗逆性差，移栽后缓慢周期长，生长速率慢，延长新季水稻的上市时间，降低水稻产量。如申请号为CN201710449318.1的专利，公开水稻的育苗方法，晒种和浸种时间长达120h，加大水稻种植的时间成本，此外，浸种时间过长易造成稻种内的养分溶解损失，影响种子萌发率和水稻的成苗率；如申请号为CN201310753418.5的专利，公开水稻种子通气浸种催芽法，浸种时间长达144h，同样也存在以上问题。因此，提供一种高发芽率、高成苗率的水稻种子催芽及育苗方法对于推动水稻种植技术的进步有着重要意义。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足之处，本发明的目的在于提供一种水稻种子高效优化催芽及育苗方法。
本发明的技术方案概述如下：
一种水稻种子高效优化催芽及育苗方法，包括以下步骤：
S1：浸种：将水稻种子置于40℃浸泡液中，浸泡0.5h，去除秕种，继续浸渍12-18h,完成吸胀和消毒过程，再采用清水搓洗1-3次，去除种子表面杂质；
所述浸泡液包括以下重量比的组分：氯化钠1-4％、高锰酸钾0.1-0.5％、艾叶汁2-6％、青蒿汁1.4-3％、竹醋液0.5-1.5％、水85-95％；
S2：催芽：将浸泡后稻种平铺于湿布表面，每铺一层时，喷施一次催芽助剂，待稻种总厚度至1-2cm，停止喷施，覆盖稻草，在0.2-0.3T磁场环境中，控制温度为30-34℃、湿度为85-90％，催芽至85％种子露白，在0.1-0.15T磁场环境中，控制温度为21-25℃、湿度为80-85％，继续催芽至胚根生长至0.4-0.6cm时，停止催芽，室温下炼芽12-18h；
所述催芽助剂包括以下浓度的水溶液：5-硝基愈创木酚钠3mg/L、蜂花醇5mg/L、α-萘乙酸钠50mg/L、细胞***素35mg/L、赤霉素60mg/L；
S3：播种：按0.2-0.3kg/m2的播种量将催芽后稻种均匀撒在育苗基质表面，再覆盖0.5-1cm厚的过筛细土，喷施复合杀虫除草剂，覆盖聚乙烯薄膜；
所述复合杀虫除草剂包括以下浓度的水溶液：伊维菌素25mg/L、双丙胺膦35mg/L、氯吡硫磷40mg/L、印楝素30mg/L；
S4：育苗管理：播种到出苗期，控制白天苗床温度为25-30℃,控制夜间苗床温度为18-22℃，进行炼苗，待出苗率≥85％时，揭开聚乙烯薄膜，喷洒一次清水，待第一真叶全部抽出后，浇透水。
优选的是，所述催芽助剂的喷施量为50-100ml/m2。
优选的是，所述育苗基质包括以下重量份的原料：砂壤土100份、草木灰15-20份、硝酸铵5-10份、过磷酸钙4-6份、腐熟有机肥10-15份、水30-40份。
优选的是，所述腐熟有机肥由牛粪、鸭粪、稻草、麦秸中的任意两种或两种以上混合发酵而成。
优选的是，所述复合杀虫除草剂的喷施量为100-150ml/m2。本发明的有益效果：
(1)本发明结合浸种催芽、变温催芽、辅助磁场处理等三种方法对稻种进行催芽处理，有助于打破种子休眠状态，诱导种子萌发，在外加磁场的作用下，种子内酶活性更高，贮藏物质的转化速度更快，相比于传统浸种催芽法，种子活力更强、催芽速度更快、发芽率更高，无需晒种过程，前处理时间更短，在保证稻种体内水分含量充足的前提下，大大缩减浸种时间，避免在浸泡过程中稻种内养分的溶解流失。
(2)本发明的浸泡液以氯化钠、高锰酸钾、艾叶汁、青蒿汁、竹醋液、水为原料，主要功能是筛除秕种、消灭稻种表面病菌、促进种子发芽生根。
(3)本发明以5-硝基愈创木酚钠、蜂花醇、α-萘乙酸钠、细胞***素、赤霉素为原料复配催芽助剂，喷施于稻种表面，明显促进种子萌发，打破休眠，提高发芽率和发芽势，使发芽时间更集中。
(4)本发明明显缩短催芽周期，并提高成苗率，节省育苗种子用量，培育出的秧苗根系发达、分蘖数多、结实率高、抗逆性强。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明，以令本领域技术人员参照说明书文字能够据以实施。
本发明提供一实施例的一种水稻种子高效优化催芽及育苗方法，包括以下步骤：
S1：配制试剂及育苗基质：
a.按以下重量比的组分配制浸泡液：氯化钠1-4％、高锰酸钾0.1-0.5％、艾叶汁2-6％、青蒿汁1.4-3％、竹醋液0.5-1.5％、水85-95％；
b.按以下浓度的水溶液配制催芽助剂：5-硝基愈创木酚钠3mg/L、蜂花醇5mg/L、α-萘乙酸钠50mg/L、细胞***素35mg/L、赤霉素60mg/L；
c.按以下浓度的水溶液配制复合杀虫除草剂：伊维菌素25mg/L、双丙胺膦35mg/L、氯吡硫磷40mg/L、印楝素30mg/L；
d.按以下重量份的原料配制育苗基质：砂壤土100份、草木灰15-20份、硝酸铵5-10份、过磷酸钙4-6份、腐熟有机肥10-15份、水30-40份；所述腐熟有机肥由牛粪、鸭粪、稻草、麦秸中的任意两种或两种以上堆肥发酵而成；
S2：浸种：将水稻种子置于40℃浸泡液中，浸泡0.5h，去除秕种，继续浸渍12-18h,完成吸胀和消毒过程，再采用清水搓洗1-3次，去除种子表面杂质；
S3：催芽：将浸泡后稻种平铺于湿布表面，每铺一层时，按50-100ml/m2的量喷施一次催芽助剂，待稻种总厚度至1-2cm，停止喷施，覆盖稻草，在0.2-0.3T磁场环境中，控制温度为30-34℃、湿度为85-90％，催芽至85％种子露白，在0.1-0.15T磁场环境中，控制温度为21-25℃、湿度为80-85％，继续催芽至胚根生长至0.4-0.6cm时，停止催芽，室温下炼芽12-18h；
S4：播种：按0.2-0.3kg/m2的播种量将催芽后稻种均匀撒在育苗基质表面，再覆盖0.5-1cm厚的过筛细土，按100-150ml/m2的量喷施复合杀虫除草剂，覆盖聚乙烯薄膜；
S5：育苗管理：播种到出苗期，控制白天苗床温度为25-30℃,控制夜间苗床温度为18-22℃，进行炼苗，待出苗率≥85％时，揭开聚乙烯薄膜，喷洒一次清水，待第一真叶全部抽出后，浇透水。
实施例1配制试剂及育苗基质
(1)按以下重量比的组分配制浸泡液：氯化钠2.5％、高锰酸钾0.3％、艾叶汁4％、青蒿汁2.2％、竹醋液1％、水90％；
(2)按以下浓度的水溶液配制催芽助剂：5-硝基愈创木酚钠3mg/L、蜂花醇5mg/L、α-萘乙酸钠50mg/L、细胞***素35mg/L、赤霉素60mg/L；
(3)按以下浓度的水溶液配制复合杀虫除草剂：伊维菌素25mg/L、双丙胺膦35mg/L、氯吡硫磷40mg/L、印楝素30mg/L；
(4)按以下重量份的原料配制育苗基质：砂壤土100份、草木灰18份、硝酸铵8份、过磷酸钙5份、腐熟有机肥12份、水35份；所述腐熟有机肥由牛粪、鸭粪、稻草按2:1:1的质量比混合发酵而成。
实施例2浸种及催芽
(1)浸种：将水稻种子置于40℃浸泡液中，浸泡0.5h，去除秕种，继续浸渍15h,完成吸胀和消毒过程，再采用清水搓洗2次，去除种子表面杂质；
(2)催芽：将浸泡后稻种平铺于湿布表面，每铺一层时，按75ml/m2的量喷施一次催芽助剂，待稻种总厚度至1.5cm，停止喷施，覆盖稻草，在0.25T磁场环境中，控制温度为32℃、湿度为88％，催芽至85％种子露白，在0.13T磁场环境中，控制温度为23℃、湿度为83％，继续催芽至胚根生长至0.5cm时，停止催芽，室温下炼芽15h。
表1列出本发明催芽方法的催芽时间与发芽率的关系
表1：
表2列出普通催芽方法的催芽时间与发芽率的关系
表2：
综合表1和表2可知：催芽时间为60h时，本发明方法的催芽率为96.1％，即达到95％播种标准，而对比例的催芽率仅为88.2％，同时，本发明方法在24-36h时间段，发芽率呈现***式地增长，而对比例在36-48h时间段，稻种才开始大量发芽，即本发明方法的催芽时间比对比例减少12h，催芽速率更快、效率更高。
实施例3播种及育苗
(1)播种：按0.25kg/m2的播种量将催芽后稻种均匀撒在育苗基质表面，再覆盖0.75cm厚的过筛细土，按125ml/m2的量喷施复合杀虫除草剂，覆盖聚乙烯薄膜；
(2)育苗管理：播种到出苗期，控制白天苗床温度为28℃,控制夜间苗床温度为20℃，进行炼苗，待出苗率≥85％时，揭开聚乙烯薄膜，喷洒一次清水，待第一真叶全部抽出后，浇透水。
表3列出本发明育苗方法和普通育苗方法(对比例)培育出的水稻秧苗的成苗率、分蘖数、结实率及田间发病率
表3：
由表3可知，本发明方法培育出的水稻秧苗的成苗率、分蘖数、结实率远远优于对比例，即普通育苗方法，同时，具有极高的抗虫害性能，田间发病率低于2％。
尽管本发明的实施方案已公开如上，但其并不仅仅限于说明书和实施方式中所列运用，它完全可以被适用于各种适合本发明的领域，对于熟悉本领域的人员而言，可容易地实现另外的修改，因此在不背离权利要求及等同范围所限定的一般概念下，本发明并不限于特定的细节。

Claims (5)

1.一种水稻种子高效优化催芽及育苗方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1：浸种：将水稻种子置于40℃浸泡液中，浸泡0.5h，去除秕种，继续浸渍12-18h,完成吸胀和消毒过程，再采用清水搓洗1-3次，去除种子表面杂质；
所述浸泡液包括以下重量比的组分：氯化钠1-4％、高锰酸钾0.1-0.5％、艾叶汁2-6％、青蒿汁1.4-3％、竹醋液0.5-1.5％、水85-95％；
S2：催芽：将浸泡后稻种平铺于湿布表面，每铺一层时，喷施一次催芽助剂，待稻种总厚度至1-2cm，停止喷施，覆盖稻草，在0.2-0.3T磁场环境中，控制温度为30-34℃、湿度为85-90％，催芽至85％种子露白，在0.1-0.15T磁场环境中，控制温度为21-25℃、湿度为80-85％，继续催芽至胚根生长至0.4-0.6cm时，停止催芽，室温下炼芽12-18h；
所述催芽助剂包括以下浓度的水溶液：5-硝基愈创木酚钠3mg/L、蜂花醇5mg/L、α-萘乙酸钠50mg/L、细胞***素35mg/L、赤霉素60mg/L；
S3：播种：按0.2-0.3kg/m2的播种量将催芽后稻种均匀撒在育苗基质表面，再覆盖0.5-1cm厚的过筛细土，喷施复合杀虫除草剂，覆盖聚乙烯薄膜；
所述复合杀虫除草剂包括以下浓度的水溶液：伊维菌素25mg/L、双丙胺膦35mg/L、氯吡硫磷40mg/L、印楝素30mg/L；
S4：育苗管理：播种到出苗期，控制白天苗床温度为25-30℃，控制夜间苗床温度为18-22℃，进行炼苗，待出苗率≥85％时，揭开聚乙烯薄膜，喷洒一次清水，待第一真叶全部抽出后，浇透水。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种水稻种子高效优化催芽及育苗方法，其特征在于，所述催芽助剂的喷施量为50-100ml/m2。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种水稻种子高效优化催芽及育苗方法，其特征在于，所述育苗基质包括以下重量份的原料：砂壤土100份、草木灰15-20份、硝酸铵5-10份、过磷酸钙4-6份、腐熟有机肥10-15份、水30-40份。
4.根据权利要求3所述一种水稻种子高效优化催芽及育苗方法，其特征在于，所述腐熟有机肥由牛粪、鸭粪、稻草、麦秸中的任意两种或两种以上混合发酵而成。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种水稻种子高效优化催芽及育苗方法，其特征在于，所述复合杀虫除草剂的喷施量为100-150ml/m2。
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