CN109252134A - 铁素体氮碳共渗车辆部件及其制造和使用方法 - Google Patents
铁素体氮碳共渗车辆部件及其制造和使用方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109252134A CN109252134A CN201810728912.9A CN201810728912A CN109252134A CN 109252134 A CN109252134 A CN 109252134A CN 201810728912 A CN201810728912 A CN 201810728912A CN 109252134 A CN109252134 A CN 109252134A
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- Prior art keywords
- nitride layer
- vehicle part
- brake
- iron
- compound area
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000005256 carbonitriding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000002783 friction material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- -1 N4N nitride Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 31
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- 229910000727 Fe4N Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 abstract description 86
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 18
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
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- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
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- CMLFRMDBDNHMRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-1,2-benzoxazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CNOC2=C1 CMLFRMDBDNHMRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NYNKCGWJPNZJMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Clebopride malate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O.COC1=CC(N)=C(Cl)C=C1C(=O)NC1CC[NH+](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)CC1 NYNKCGWJPNZJMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous cyanic acid Natural products OC#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YYXHRUSBEPGBCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidyneiron Chemical compound [N].[Fe] YYXHRUSBEPGBCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
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- NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxido(oxo)titanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical compound C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- C23C8/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- C23C8/28—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in one step
- C23C8/30—Carbo-nitriding
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- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T1/00—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles
- B60T1/02—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels
- B60T1/06—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels acting otherwise than on tread, e.g. employing rim, drum, disc, or transmission or on double wheels
- B60T1/065—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels acting otherwise than on tread, e.g. employing rim, drum, disc, or transmission or on double wheels employing disc
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/04—Treatment of selected surface areas, e.g. using masks
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
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- C23C8/34—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in more than one step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/36—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases using ionised gases, e.g. ionitriding
- C23C8/38—Treatment of ferrous surfaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/40—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions
- C23C8/52—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions more than one element being applied in one step
- C23C8/54—Carbo-nitriding
- C23C8/56—Carbo-nitriding of ferrous surfaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/40—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions
- C23C8/58—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions more than one element being applied in more than one step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/60—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
- C23C8/72—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using solids, e.g. powders, pastes more than one element being applied in one step
- C23C8/74—Carbo-nitriding
- C23C8/76—Carbo-nitriding of ferrous surfaces
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Abstract
若干变型可包括铁素体氮碳共渗车辆部件，其包括化合物区以及位于该化合物区的外边缘处的摩擦表面，其中摩擦表面被配置成用于与相应的摩擦材料相接合，且其中化合物区包括包含ε‑氮化铁(Fe3N)以及γ′‑氮化铁(Fe4N)的氮化物层。
Description
技术领域
本公开总体上涉及的领域包括车辆部件及其制造和使用方法。
背景技术
当前，某些车辆部件可包括在转子中，并可进行铁素体氮碳共渗处理。
发明内容
本发明的一个变型示出了一种产品，该产品包括铁素体氮碳共渗车辆部件，其包括：化合物区以及位于该化合物区的外边缘处的摩擦表面，其中摩擦表面被配置成用于与相应的摩擦材料相接合，且其中化合物区包括包含ε-氮化铁(Fe3N)以及γ′-氮化铁(Fe4N)的氮化物层。
本发明的另一变型示出了一种方法，其包括：提供车辆部件；对车辆部件进行铁素体氮碳共渗处理以形成化合物区以及位于该化合物区的外边缘处的摩擦表面，其中摩擦表面被配置成用于与相应的摩擦材料相接合，且其中化合物区包括包含ε-氮化铁(Fe3N)以及γ′-氮化铁(Fe4N)的氮化物层。
从下文提供的详细描述中将更清楚本发明的其他说明性变型。应理解的是，虽然详细描述以及具体示例公开了本发明的任选变型，但其仅旨在用于说明的目的，而并不旨在限制本发明的范围。
附图说明
通过详细描述以及附图，将更加充分地理解本发明的变型的精选示例。在这些附图中：
图1是示出了根据若干变型的FNC压板的微结构的显微照片。
图2是示出了在不同的氮化电势以及氮化温度下铁中的相稳定性的示意图。
图3是示出了包含摩擦材料的盘式制动器组件的透视图；
图4是示出了包含摩擦材料的鼓式制动器组件的侧视图；
图5是示出了帽状旋转构件的透视图；
图6示出了离合器组件的部分。
图7示出了离合器组件的部分。
图8是示出了本公开的示例中的化合物层上的传递层在微观放大水平下的示意性剖视图；
图9示出了根据若干变型的具有粘附至其上的制动衬块的盘式制动器背板，其中包括向外延伸的邻接件的背板不受腐蚀影响。
图10示出了FNC背板相对于非FNC背板的改善腐蚀测试结果。
图11示出了根据若干变型的具有不受腐蚀影响的相对抵接表面的FNC背板。
具体实施方式
以下关于变型的描述本质上仅仅是说明性的，其决不旨在限制本发明或其应用或用途。
铁素体氮碳共渗(FNC)是一种将氮和碳引入至铁质材料的表面中的热化学扩散工艺。FNC处理可在固态、液态或气态介质中执行。经FNC处理的典型材料包括锻钢和铸钢、可锻不锈钢和铸造不锈钢，以及灰铸铁和球墨铸铁。压板通常由煅钢制造而成。FNC处理通常产生表面硬化区，该表面硬化区的深度为3.8～25μm，其中指定深度通常为10～20μm。表面硬化区由化合物区或白色层以及扩散区组成。化合物区通常包含ε-碳氮化物相(Fe2-3，(C，N))、一些γ′-氮化物(Fe4N)、渗碳体(Fe3C)以及各种合金碳化物和合金氮化物。扩散区(位于化合物区下方)由溶解氮以及氮化铁组成。化合物区通常可改善耐磨损性能以及耐腐蚀性能。扩散区可改善疲劳强度。另外，据观察，氮碳共渗部件在摩擦系数方面有一定程度的降低。压板的微结构如图1所示。
用于将氮、碳引入至表面中的FNC工艺包括温度低于590℃的气体介质、盐浴介质或流化床介质。碳、氮的典型来源包括烃气以及氨。
由于铁-氮相、ε-碳氮化物相(Fe2-3，(C，N))以及一些γ′-氮化物(Fe4N)具有亚稳定性，因此化合物层中会出现孔隙。这些相的亚稳定性会导致其分解为Fe和N2(气体)。孔隙的控制可通过控制FNC工艺中的氮量来实现。一旦氮在合金中达到其最大饱和度，则氮气将会在晶粒边界中以及晶粒内形成孔隙。通过降低工艺温度或氮化电势，可减少孔隙的量。
图2是示出了在不同的氮化电势以及氮化温度下铁中的相稳定性的莱勒图。莱勒图可用于设置FNC工艺参数。
铁素体氮碳共渗车辆部件2示出在图3～7中。在若干变型中，铁素体氮碳共渗车辆部件2可在旋转组件4中用作为制动器10中的制动部件。制动器10可为用于使车辆减速、停止或保持不动的能量转换***。在某些实施例中，制动器10可用于使轮式车辆的至少一个车轮相对于表面减速、停止或保持不动。车辆制动器10可为盘式制动器20、鼓式制动器50或其组合，或可为另一类型的车辆制动器。在盘式制动器20中，如图3所示，旋转构件12(其可被称为制动器转子39)能够可拆卸地附接至轮毂40处的车轮。制动器转子39可包括单个环形圆盘部分，或可包括两个环形圆盘部分，其中间隔开的叶片在该两个环形圆盘部分之间延伸以形成通风槽38，从而改善冷却性能。当液压流体在制动软管34中加压时，卡钳28的活塞壳体32内的活塞致使卡钳28在制动衬块36之间挤压制动器转子39。制动衬块36可包括铁素体氮碳共渗车辆部件2，该铁素体氮碳共渗车辆部件可包括或可联接至摩擦表面82，该摩擦表面在盘式制动器20接合时与制动器转子39的摩擦表面46相接触。在若干变型中，铁素体氮碳共渗车辆部件2可为用于制动器10的压板2。在若干变型中，压板2可包括或可联接至摩擦表面82。移动车辆的动能可通过制动衬块36与制动器转子39之间的摩擦来转换成热量。某些热能可使制动器转子39的温度暂时升高。
参照图4，示出了鼓式制动器50。旋转构件12’可为制动鼓56。制动鼓56能够可拆卸地固定至车轮，并可包括用于改善冷却性能并增大制动鼓50的硬度的散热片68。当液压流体在轮缸52内加压时，活塞54致使制动蹄或铁素体氮碳共渗车辆部件2(其可包括或可联接至摩擦表面82’上)压靠在制动鼓56的摩擦表面46’上，进而使鼓式制动器50进行接合。可选地，鼓式制动器56可通过致动紧急制动杆来进行机械接合，进而致使铁素体氮碳共渗车辆部件2’紧贴在制动鼓56的摩擦表面82’上。在若干变型中，铁素体氮碳共渗车辆部件2’可为用于制动器10的制动蹄压板2’，并可包括制动衬片66。在若干变型中，压板2’或制动衬片66可包括或可联接至摩擦表面82’。当接合时，移动车辆的动能可通过压板2’与制动鼓56之间的摩擦来转换成热量。某些热能可使制动鼓56的温度暂时升高。
盘式制动器20可与鼓式制动器相结合。如图5所示，帽形鼓式制动片旋转构件12”可以以组合的形式包括在本文中。在帽形鼓式制动器中，较小的制动蹄可机械致动/线缆致动为紧急制动器，而凸缘部分则用作为典型的盘式制动器。
再次参照图3～4，制动器旋转构件12、12’、12”包括在摩擦表面82、82’处接合制动衬块36或制动蹄62的铁素体氮碳共渗车辆部件(压板)2、2’的摩擦表面46、46’。当制动器10接合时，机械磨损和热量可导致少量的摩擦表面82、82’以及铁素体氮碳共渗车辆部件2、2’被磨损掉。可能的是，旋转构件摩擦表面82、82’或铁素体氮碳共渗车辆部件2、2’的磨损速率可通过降低这两者之间的摩擦系数来获得降低；然而，较低的摩擦系数可能会导致制动器在接合方面以及使车辆减速、保持不动或停车方面的有效性变差。
在若干变型中，铁素体氮碳共渗车辆部件2可在旋转组件4’中使用来作为离合器组件120中的离合器部件。图6～7示出了根据若干变型的包括氮碳共渗车辆部件2的离合器组件120。在若干变型中，离合器组件120能够可旋转地联接至发动机曲轴组件122以及变速器输入轴124。在若干变型中，离合器组件120可包括飞轮组件126，该飞轮组件可通过螺栓连接至曲轴组件122，并由其进行驱动。在若干变型中，离合器组件120可包括压板组件130，该压板组件可通过螺栓连接至飞轮组件126，并由其进行驱动。在若干变型中，离合器盘组件132可安装在飞轮组件126与压板组件130之间。在若干变型中，离合器盘组件132可通过花键连接至变速器输入轴24。在若干变型中，离合器组件120还可包括围绕着其他部件并安装在发动机(未示出)与变速器(未示出)之间的离合器壳体133。在若干变型中，飞轮组件126可包括飞轮摩擦构件128。在若干变型中，飞轮摩擦构件128可包括飞轮摩擦构件摩擦表面134，该摩擦表面可为添加在铝的顶部上面的极薄钢层。在若干变型中，该摩擦表面134可邻近并面向离合器盘组件132。在若干变型中，该摩擦表面134可为包括如下材料中的至少一种的摩擦材料：软钢、碳钢、不锈钢或其组合，或由树脂结合的多种纤维和微粒。
在若干变型中，如图7所示，压板组件130可包括通过螺栓连接至飞轮组件126的盖罩136，并可包括被安装成邻近离合器盘组件132的铁素体氮碳共渗车辆部件2”或压板摩擦构件138。在若干变型中，压板摩擦构件138可为氮碳共渗车辆部件2”。在若干变型中，弹簧140可安装在盖罩136与摩擦构件138之间，以偏置摩擦构件138使其远离盖罩136，并使其与离合器盘组件132相接触。在若干变型中，摩擦构件138可包括摩擦表面82”，该摩擦表面可为添加在铝的顶部上面的极薄层，该极薄层由软钢、碳钢、不锈钢或其组合构成。在若干变型中，可在氮碳共渗车辆部件2”上将摩擦表面82”涂覆在氮碳共渗车辆部件2”邻近并面向离合器盘组件132的部位处。
在若干变型中，以压板2、制动蹄2’或离合器压板2”的形式存在的铁素体氮碳共渗车辆部件可由灰铸铁、不锈钢、钢或另一类似的功能材料或聚合物制成，并可具有延展性。在若干变型中，钢可为热轧钢或冷轧钢。将理解的是，铁素体氮碳共渗车辆部件2、2’、2”可由金属粉末或通过任何合适的成形工艺进行铸造、冲压、锻造以及成形。将理解的是，在铁素体氮碳共渗车辆部件2、2’、2”的生产过程中，石墨片可嵌入摩擦表面82、82’、82”中。石墨片可具有如下优点：机械加工性、耐磨性、阻尼容量、凝固期间的低收缩特性以及操作期间通常较高的导热性。石墨片可为腐蚀的起始位点，原因在于其可能会发生移位并使摩擦表面82、82’、82”暴露出来，从而导致这些表面具有坑洞，并***糙。石墨片还可导致相应的铁素体氮碳共渗车辆部件2、2’、2”发生腐蚀。将理解的是，当插置于滑动表面之间时，石墨通常具有较高的润滑性。此外，该润滑性可在制动器或离合器的接合期间降低铁素体氮碳共渗车辆部件2、2’、2”与摩擦表面82、82’、82”之间的摩擦系数。
铁素体氮碳共渗(FNC)一直都被用于生产可进行表面硬化并可抗腐蚀和磨损的氮碳共渗车辆部件2、2’、2”和/或摩擦表面82、82’、82”。铁素体氮碳共渗可用于将化合物区70沉积在氮碳共渗车辆部件2、2’、2”和/或摩擦表面82、82’、82”上，如图8所示。将理解的是，旋转构件氮碳共渗车辆部件2、2’、2”并不需要用于制动操作，但其可为旋转组件4、4’中的任何部件(其他部件未示出)。某些变型包括离合器组件圆盘或其他能够进行铁素体氮碳共渗处理的部件。某些变型包括车轴锁定件或其他能够进行铁素体氮碳共渗处理的部件。在若干变型中，工艺可涉及对铸铁或碳钢铁质制动器转子进行氮碳共渗处理。在若干变型中，氮碳共渗车辆部件2、2’、2”可在空气中预热，随后在预定时间内于较高的亚临界温度下浸入熔融氮碳共渗盐浴中。接着，取出氮碳共渗车辆部件2、2’、2”，并在第二停留时间内于略高于氮碳共渗盐浴的温度下将其直接浸入至氧化盐浴中。随后，取出氮碳共渗车辆部件2、2’、2”，并通过洒水或在空气中缓慢冷却来使其进一步冷却至室温。该化合物区70可为最初通过铁质材料的铁与存在于氮碳共渗盐浴中的氮、碳物质之间的反应形成的铁质材料的外部部分。铁素体氮碳共渗的变型可在第2013/0000787A1号美国专利申请中找到。在各种变型中，氮碳共渗车辆部件2、2’、2”可通过气体氮碳共渗工艺、等离子体氮碳共渗工艺、盐浴氮碳共渗工艺、流化床氮碳共渗工艺或另一种方法来进行铁素体氮碳共渗处理。化合物区70可包括氮化铁层74以及表面氧化物层72，该氮化铁层包含ε-氮化铁(Fe3N)以及较少量的通过氮碳共渗盐浴、气体工艺或其他工艺形成的γ′-氮化铁(Fe4N)，且该表面氧化物层可在浸入氧化盐浴期间或在另一氧化气氛或环境中形成，其中氧化物层72可包括氧化氮碳共渗铁(Fe3O4)。在若干变型中，化合物区70的厚度可在5μm至30μm之间的范围内，且氧化物层72的厚度可在化合物区的10％至50％之间的范围内。扩散层77可在氮化铁层74下方，并可为氮化铁层74与旋转构件的未经铁素体氮碳共渗处理的部分之间的过渡层。氮化铁层74可具有较低的摩擦系数。扩散层77中的氮浓度可小于化合物区70的位于氧化物层72下方的氮化铁层74中的氮浓度。氧化物层72的孔隙率可高于氮化铁层74。氮化铁层74的表面75可基本上不含有石墨片，或可不具有暴露出来的石墨片。
在若干变型中，氮化铁层74可进行修饰。
当旋转组件4、4’的氮碳共渗车辆部件2、2’、2”与摩擦表面82、82’、82”在制动器的接合期间发生接触时，会出现一种对制动器性能具有显著影响的复杂摩擦界面。摩擦表面82、82’、82”可因铁素体氮碳共渗而发生表面硬化，且制动器性能可为所选的铁素体氮碳共渗车辆部件2、2’、2”及其与摩擦表面82、82’、82”之间的相应交互的函数。铁素体氮碳共渗车辆部件2、2’、2”可在摩擦表面82、82’、82”上涂覆有或设有车辆部件摩擦层90、90’、90”。在若干变型中，铁素体氮碳共渗车辆部件摩擦层90、90’、90”可由石棉、有机材料、陶瓷材料或半金属材料制成，或可为另一类型的摩擦层。在某些变型中，还可在铁素体氮碳共渗车辆部件摩擦层90、90’、90”中使用陶瓷化合物、铜纤维、芳纶纤维或其他聚合物材料。半金属制动衬块可包括钢绒或钢丝、铁粉、铜、石墨或无机填料，或可包括其他类似的功能材料。无石棉有机物制动衬块可包括玻璃、橡胶、碳、凯夫拉尔纤维、填充材料、高温树脂或磨料，或可包括其他类似的功能材料。此类高温树脂可包括聚酰亚胺、苯并嗪、双马来酰亚胺、酚、氰酸酯或类似的功能材料。此类填充材料可包括重晶石、石灰、金属硫化物、钢绒、钛酸钾或类似的功能材料。此类磨料可包括黄铜碎屑、烟煤、玻璃纤维、金属氧化物、无机物或类似的功能材料。陶瓷制动衬块可包括陶瓷纤维、非铁填充材料、粘合剂或金属填料，或可包括其他类似的功能材料。铁素体氮碳共渗车辆部件摩擦层90、90’、90”可由较软的侵蚀性化合物制成，或可由较硬且耐用性较好的非侵蚀性化合物制成。被选择用于摩擦材料的化合物可根据个人喜好、驾驶风格、操作温度或制动器的衰退变化而改变。
在一个变型中，在铁素体氮碳共渗车辆部件摩擦层90、90’、90”中使用非侵蚀性无石棉有机物(NAO)衬片。在若干变型中，铁素体氮碳共渗车辆部件摩擦层90、90’、90”早在制动器10的初始接合时就已经开始起作用。铁素体氮碳共渗车辆部件摩擦层90、90’、90”可包括玻璃、橡胶、炭、凯夫拉尔纤维、填充材料或高温树脂，或可包括其他类似的功能材料。
在若干变型中，可利用组成满足表1所示的要求的低碳钢基体。高于0.008％的含钒合金对延展性具有不利影响，因此不在此处列举出来。
表1
在若干变型中，FNC部件(例如，板)可在比FNC温度高20℃的温度下卸去应力，以提高尺寸控制。在若干变型中，10～15μm的FNC表面深度可提供较高的疲劳强度、较好的耐腐蚀性能以及较低的摩擦系数。在若干变型中，可提供值为化合物区深度的10～70％的孔隙率。在若干变型中，可提供值为化合物区深度的10～50％的孔隙率。在若干变型中，可提供约为化合物区深度的30％的孔隙率，以确保摩擦材料的充分粘合。在若干变型中，可涂覆额外的富锌或聚合物涂层以进一步增强耐腐蚀性能。
图9示出了包括盘式制动器背板904的产品900，其中该盘式制动器背板具有两个通过胶粘剂905粘附至其上的制动衬块902。背板904包括两个向外延伸的邻接件906，该邻接件可在允许制动衬块自由滑动的同时对制动扭矩作出反应。在背板904进行FNC处理的情况下，邻接件906即使在长期使用之后也不会出现生锈的现象。这是有益的，原因在于自由滑动的衬块组件可更好地将夹紧负载传递至制动器转子，并在制动施加之后回撤衬块，进而提供更好的制动感觉，并减少制动阻力。如本文所述的，对于经过FNC处理的背板904的表面，其改善的孔隙率使得制动衬块902能够更好地粘附至背板904。
图10示出了滑动卡钳托架中的示例性制动衬块，其示出了通过FNC处理可避免发生腐蚀粘结的相关邻接表面。该区域的腐蚀生长将使得衬块无法自由地滑动，进而导致产生制动阻力。
图11示出了对置活塞卡钳中的示例性制动衬块，其中衬块的侧面上的平坦边缘即为通过FNC避免发生腐蚀粘结的相关邻接表面。该区域的腐蚀生长将使得衬块无法自由地滑动，进而导致产生制动阻力。
数值数据已在本文中以范围形式呈现出。将理解的是，使用这样的范围形式仅仅是出于方便和简洁的目的，而且该范围形式应被灵活地解释为不仅包括明确地描述为范围的界限的数值，而且还包括包含在该范围内的所有单独数值或子范围，就像各数值和子范围被明确地列举一样。
以下关于变体的描述仅仅说明了被视为处于本发明的范围之内的部件、元件、动作、产品以及方法，但其决不旨在通过具体公开或未明确阐述的内容限制该范围。除了本文所明确地描述的以外，如本文所描述的部件、元件、动作、产品以及方法还可组合并重新布置，并仍被视为处于本发明的范围之内。
变型1可包括一种产品，包括铁素体氮碳共渗车辆部件，其包括：化合物区以及位于该化合物区的外边缘处的摩擦表面，其中摩擦表面被配置成用于与相应的摩擦材料相接合，且其中化合物区包括包含ε-氮化铁(Fe3N)以及γ′-氮化铁(Fe4N)的氮化物层。
变型2可包括根据变型1所述的产品，其中铁素体氮碳共渗车辆部件包括用于制动鼓、盘式制动器转子、帽形鼓式制动片、离合器组件或其组合中的至少一个的压板。
变型3可包括根据变型1～2中任一项所述的产品，其中铁素体氮碳共渗车辆部件进一步包括铁、碳钢、钢或不锈钢。
变型4可包括根据变型1～3中任一项所述的产品，其中氮化物层包括表面，该表面包括摩擦表面。
变型5可包括根据变型1～4中任一项所述的产品，其中化合物区进一步包括覆盖在氮化物层上的氧化铁层，氮化物层包括摩擦表面。
变型6可包括根据变型1～5中任一项所述的产品，其中氮化物层的深度至少为10μm。
变型7可包括根据变型1～6中任一项所述的产品，其中氮化物层的孔隙率在约10％至约70％之间。
变型8可包括根据变型1～6中任一项所述的产品，其中氮化物层的孔隙率为0％。
变型9可包括一种方法，其包括：提供车辆部件；对车辆部件进行铁素体氮碳共渗处理以形成化合物区以及位于该化合物区的外边缘处的摩擦表面，其中摩擦表面被配置成用于与相应的摩擦材料相接合，且其中化合物区包括包含ε-氮化铁(Fe3N)以及γ′-氮化铁(Fe4N)的氮化物层。
变型10可包括根据变型9所述的方法，其中铁素体氮碳共渗处理包括气体氮碳共渗工艺、等离子体氮碳共渗工艺、流化床氮碳共渗工艺或盐浴氮碳共渗工艺。
变型11可包括根据变型9～10中任一项所述的方法，其中车辆部件由灰铸铁、钢、碳钢或不锈钢制成。
变型12可包括根据变型9～11中任一项所述的方法，其中车辆部件包括用于制动鼓、盘式制动器转子、帽形鼓式制动片、离合器组件或其组合中的至少一个的压板。
变型13可包括根据变型9～12中任一项所述的方法，其中氮化物层包括表面，该表面包括摩擦表面。
变型14可包括根据变型9～13中任一项所述的方法，其中对车辆部件进行铁素体氮碳共渗处理的步骤进一步包括在化合物区中形成覆盖在氮化物层上的氧化铁层，其中氧化铁层包括表面，该表面包括摩擦表面。
变型15可包括根据变型9～14中任一项所述的方法，其中氮化物层的深度至少为10μm。
变型16可包括根据变型9～15中任一项所述的方法，其中氮化物层的孔隙率在约10％至约70％之间。
变型17可包括根据变型9～15中任一项所述的方法，其中氮化物层的孔隙率为0％。
变型18可包括根据变型9～17中任一项所述的方法，其中对车辆部件进行铁素体氮碳共渗处理的步骤包括在混合物中于富含氮、碳的气氛中对车辆部件进行热处理。
变型19可包括根据变型9～18中任一项所述的方法，其中氧化铁层包括式Fe3O4的氧化氮碳共渗铁。
变型20可包括根据变型9～19中任一项所述的方法，其中氮化物层的组成通过表面分析以及扫描电子显微镜能量分散光谱法进行检查以验证氮化物层的性能。
上述关于本发明的精选示例的描述本质上仅仅是示例性的；因此，这些示例的变型或变体不应被认为偏离本发明的精神及范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种产品，其包括：
铁素体氮碳共渗车辆部件，包括化合物区以及位于所述化合物区的外边缘处的摩擦表面，其中所述摩擦表面被配置成用于与相应的摩擦材料相接合，且其中所述化合物区包括包含ε-氮化铁(Fe3N)以及γ′-氮化铁(Fe4N)的氮化物层，其中所述铁素体氮碳共渗车辆部件包括用于制动鼓、盘式制动器转子、帽形鼓式制动片、离合器组件或其组合中的至少一个的压板。
2.根据权利要求1所述的产品，其中所述铁素体氮碳共渗车辆部件进一步包括铁、碳钢、钢或不锈钢。
3.根据权利要求1所述的产品，其中所述氮化物层包括表面，其中所述表面包括所述摩擦表面。
4.根据权利要求1所述的产品，其中所述化合物区进一步包括覆盖在所述氮化物层上的氧化铁层，所述氮化物层包括所述摩擦表面。
5.根据权利要求1所述的产品，其中所述氮化物层的深度至少为10μm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的产品，其中所述氮化物层的孔隙率在约10％至约70％之间。
7.根据权利要求4所述的产品，其中所述氮化物层的孔隙率为0％。
8.根据权利要求1所述的产品，其中所述氮化物层的孔隙率在约30％至约50％之间。
9.一种方法，其包括：
提供车辆部件；
对所述车辆部件进行铁素体氮碳共渗处理以形成化合物区以及位于所述化合物区的外边缘处的摩擦表面，其中所述摩擦表面被配置成用于与相应的摩擦材料相接合，且其中所述化合物区包括包含ε-氮化铁(Fe3N)以及γ′-氮化铁(Fe4N)的氮化物层，其中所述氮化物层的孔隙率在10％至70％之间的范围内，且其中所述铁素体氮碳共渗车辆部件包括用于制动鼓、盘式制动器转子、帽形鼓式制动片、离合器组件或其组合中的至少一个的压板。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其中所述氮化物层的孔隙率在约30％至约50％之间。
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115003912A (zh) * | 2019-12-31 | 2022-09-02 | 伊顿智能动力有限公司 | 双向摆线泵*** |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2020176645A1 (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2020-09-03 | Somnio Global Holdings, Llc | Wheel and brake assemblies |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20150159710A1 (en) * | 2013-12-06 | 2015-06-11 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Friction material and methods of making and using the same |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US8287667B2 (en) | 2006-06-29 | 2012-10-16 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Salt bath ferritic nitrocarburizing of brake rotors |
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2017
- 2017-07-14 US US15/650,013 patent/US20190017161A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2018
- 2018-07-04 CN CN201810728912.9A patent/CN109252134A/zh active Pending
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Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20150159710A1 (en) * | 2013-12-06 | 2015-06-11 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Friction material and methods of making and using the same |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| （苏）利亚霍维奇（ЛЯХОВИЧ，Л.С.）主编；孙一唐译: "《金属和合金的化学热处理手册》", 30 May 1986 * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115003912A (zh) * | 2019-12-31 | 2022-09-02 | 伊顿智能动力有限公司 | 双向摆线泵*** |
| US11859614B2 (en) | 2019-12-31 | 2024-01-02 | Eaton Intelligent Power Limited | Reversible gerotor pump system |
| CN115003912B (zh) * | 2019-12-31 | 2024-03-01 | 伊顿智能动力有限公司 | 双向摆线泵*** |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20190017161A1 (en) | 2019-01-17 |
| DE102018116849A1 (de) | 2019-01-17 |
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