CN109239731B - Device and method for realizing detection and amplification of spatial weak signal based on spontaneous Brillouin scattering - Google Patents
Device and method for realizing detection and amplification of spatial weak signal based on spontaneous Brillouin scattering Download PDFInfo
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- CN109239731B CN109239731B CN201811102885.0A CN201811102885A CN109239731B CN 109239731 B CN109239731 B CN 109239731B CN 201811102885 A CN201811102885 A CN 201811102885A CN 109239731 B CN109239731 B CN 109239731B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S17/08—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only
- G01S17/32—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated
- G01S17/34—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated using transmission of continuous, frequency-modulated waves while heterodyning the received signal, or a signal derived therefrom, with a locally-generated signal related to the contemporaneously transmitted signal
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
- G01S7/4818—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements using optical fibres
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Abstract
A device and a method for realizing detection and amplification of a spatial weak signal based on spontaneous Brillouin scattering relate to the technology for realizing detection and amplification of the spatial weak signal based on spontaneous Brillouin scattering, and aim to solve the problem that the detection signal intensity of a frequency modulation continuous wave radar is weak in spatial long-distance ranging. The auxiliary interferometer is used for generating a clock signal and sending the clock signal to a clock end of the data acquisition card; the signal amplification optical path is used for generating a spontaneous Brillouin scattering amplification region; the light path of the main interferometer comprises intrinsic reference light and detection light; the detection light is incident to a space object, diffuse reflection light of the space object enters a spontaneous Brillouin scattering amplification region to be subjected to spontaneous Brillouin scattering amplification, and beat frequency coherence is generated between the diffuse reflection amplification light and intrinsic reference light; the data acquisition card is used for acquiring beat frequency coherent signals and sending the beat frequency coherent signals to the calculation module; and the calculation module is used for calculating according to the beat frequency coherent signal. The invention is suitable for detecting and amplifying the spatial weak signals.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of nonlinear optics, in particular to a technology for realizing detection and amplification of a spatial weak signal based on spontaneous Brillouin scattering.
Background
The frequency modulation continuous wave technology is realized in the first 70 s, is mainly applied to remote target discovery and distance measurement and speed measurement, and is widely applied to the application fields of continuous wave height meters, automobile anti-collision radars, vehicle-mounted automatic driving radars and the like. Frequency modulated continuous wave technology has gained widespread interest since the 80 s. The method has the advantages of mature technology, good compatibility, small radiation power, high precision of distance measurement and speed measurement, no distance blind area and the like.
The existing frequency modulation continuous wave technology mainly detects elastic scattering (Rayleigh scattering) and reflection, and for weak signal scattering signals in space ranging application, such as diffuse scattering of dust in air and reflection of objects within several kilometers, the detection capability of the technology is improved for the power of a transmitter and the sensitivity performance of a receiver, and the cost of an instrument is greatly improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the detection signal intensity of a frequency-modulated continuous wave radar is weak in long-distance spatial distance measurement, and provides a device and a method for realizing detection and amplification of a spatial weak signal based on spontaneous Brillouin scattering.
The device for detecting and amplifying the spatial weak signal based on the spontaneous Brillouin scattering comprises a tunable laser 1, an auxiliary interferometer, a signal amplification light path, a main interferometer, a data acquisition card 16 and a calculation module 17;
laser output by the tunable laser 1 is respectively incident to the auxiliary interferometer, the signal amplification light path and the main interferometer;
the auxiliary interferometer is used for generating a clock signal and sending the clock signal to the clock end of the data acquisition card 16;
the signal amplification optical path is used for generating a spontaneous Brillouin scattering amplification area;
the light path of the main interferometer comprises intrinsic reference light and detection light; the detection light is incident to a space object, diffuse reflection light of the space object enters a spontaneous Brillouin scattering amplification region to carry out spontaneous Brillouin scattering amplification, and beat frequency coherence is generated between the diffuse reflection amplified light and intrinsic reference light;
the data acquisition card 16 is used for acquiring beat frequency coherent signals and sending the beat frequency coherent signals to the calculation module 17;
and the calculating module 17 is configured to perform calculation according to the beat frequency coherent signal.
Preferably, the laser output by the tunable laser 1 is divided into two paths of light by the first coupler 2-1, one path of light is incident to the auxiliary interferometer, the other path of light is divided into two paths of light by the second coupler 2-2, one path of light is incident to the signal amplification optical path, and the other path of light is incident to the main interferometer.
Preferably, the auxiliary interferometer comprises a fourth coupler 2-4, a first Faraday rotator mirror 7-1, a second Faraday rotator mirror 7-2, a first time delay fiber 8-1 and a TTL clock circuit 14;
one path of light output by the first coupler 2-1 is divided into two paths through the fourth coupler 2-4, one path of light is reflected by the first Faraday rotator mirror 7-1 and then coupled into the fourth coupler 2-4, the other path of light is reflected by the first time delay optical fiber 8-1 and then enters the second Faraday rotator mirror 7-2, the other path of light is reflected by the second Faraday rotator mirror 7-2 and then is coupled into the fourth coupler 2-4, the fourth coupler 2-4 outputs beat frequency coherent signals, and then square wave signals are generated through the TTL clock circuit 14, wherein the square wave signals are clock signals.
Preferably, the signal amplification optical path comprises a second optical fiber amplifier 6-2, an optical fiber circulator 10, an amplification optical fiber 13 and an isolator 12;
one path of light output by the second coupler 2-2 enters the port 1 of the optical fiber circulator 10 after being amplified by the second optical fiber amplifier 6-2, enters the amplifying optical fiber 13 from one end of the amplifying optical fiber through the port 2 of the optical fiber circulator 10, a spontaneous Brillouin scattering amplifying region is formed in the amplifying optical fiber 13, and the other end of the amplifying optical fiber 13 is provided with an isolator 12.
Preferably, the main interferometer comprises a first polarization controller 3-1, a second polarization controller 3-2, a modulator, a microwave source 5, a third coupler 2-3, a first optical fiber amplifier 6-1, a first collimation beam expander 9-1, a second collimation beam expander 9-2, a second time delay optical fiber 8-2, a fifth coupler 2-5 and a balanced detector 15;
the other path of light output by the second coupler 2-2 is incident to the modulator after passing through the first polarization controller 3-1, the microwave source 5 outputs a radio frequency signal to drive the modulator, the frequency shift of the radio frequency signal is Brillouin frequency shift of the amplification optical fiber 13, and the light output by the modulator is divided into two paths of light by the third coupler 2-3;
one path of light is used as detection light, after being amplified by a first optical fiber amplifier 6-1, the detection light is incident to a space object 11 from a first collimation beam expander 9-1, diffuse reflection light of the space object 11 is received by a second collimation beam expander 9-2 and then enters from the other end of an amplification optical fiber 13 through an isolator 12, and the diffuse reflection amplification light output by the amplification optical fiber 13 enters a port 2 of an optical fiber circulator 10 and is coupled into an input port of a fifth coupler 2-5 from a port 3;
the other path of light is used as intrinsic reference light, enters a second time delay optical fiber 8-2 after passing through a second polarization controller 3-2, and then enters the other input port of the fifth coupler 2-5;
the diffuse reflection amplified light and the intrinsic reference light are subjected to beat frequency coherence and are output to a balance detector 15 from 2 output ends of the fifth coupler 2-5, and the output end of the balance detector 15 is connected with the acquisition signal input end of a data acquisition card 16.
Preferably, the modulator is implemented using an electro-optic modulator 4.
Preferably, the calculating module 17 performs calculation according to the beat frequency coherent signal, specifically:
and performing fast Fourier transform processing on the beat frequency coherent signal to obtain information of the beat frequency coherent signal on a time domain, converting the information into distance domain information on spatial ranging, and obtaining position information of the spatial object 11 from the distance domain.
The invention relates to a method for realizing detection and amplification of a spatial weak signal based on spontaneous Brillouin scattering, which comprises the following steps:
starting the linear sweep frequency output of the tunable laser 1, and outputting a trigger signal by the tunable laser 1 to trigger the data acquisition card 16 for data acquisition preparation;
the auxiliary interferometer generates a clock signal, and transmits the clock signal to the data acquisition card 16, so that the data acquisition card 16 performs equal-frequency interval acquisition on beat frequency signals of the diffuse reflection amplified light and the intrinsic reference light;
the signal amplification optical path generates a spontaneous brillouin scattering amplification region in the amplification optical fiber 13;
the light of the main interferometer is modulated by the modulator, then undergoes Brillouin frequency shift of the frequency shift amplification optical fiber 13, and is divided into intrinsic reference light and detection light; the detection light is incident to a space object 11 from a first collimation beam expander 9-1, diffuse reflection light of the space object 11 is received by a second collimation beam expander 9-2 and enters an amplifying optical fiber 13 for spontaneous Brillouin scattering amplification, beat frequency coherence is generated between the diffuse reflection amplifying light and intrinsic reference light, and the diffuse reflection amplifying light and the intrinsic reference light are transmitted to a data acquisition card 16 from a balance detector 15;
the data acquisition card 16 acquires beat frequency coherent signals;
the calculation module 17 stores the beat frequency coherent signal and performs fast fourier transform processing on the beat frequency coherent signal to obtain the position information of the spatial object 11.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention can be used for realizing the detection and amplification of spatial weak signals, effectively amplifies the weak signals by utilizing the spontaneous Brillouin scattering in the optical fiber, and can effectively improve the distance of spatial distance measurement by adopting the frequency modulation continuous wave technology.
2. The invention is applied to the widely used frequency modulation continuous wave radar technology at present, can expand the space ranging range and the corresponding dynamic range of the system, reduce the requirement of the transmitting power of the transmitter, and also can reduce the aperture of the receiving mirror of the receiver and reduce the requirement of the cost.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for detecting and amplifying a spatial weak signal based on spontaneous brillouin scattering according to a third embodiment.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: specifically describing the present embodiment with reference to fig. 1, the apparatus for detecting and amplifying a spatial weak signal based on spontaneous brillouin scattering according to the present embodiment includes a tunable laser 1, an auxiliary interferometer, a signal amplification optical path, a main interferometer, a data acquisition card 16, and a calculation module 17;
laser output by the tunable laser 1 is respectively incident to the auxiliary interferometer, the signal amplification optical path and the main interferometer;
the auxiliary interferometer is used for generating a clock signal and sending the clock signal to the clock end of the data acquisition card 16;
the signal amplification optical path is used for generating a spontaneous Brillouin scattering amplification region;
the light path of the main interferometer comprises intrinsic reference light and detection light; the detection light is incident to a space object, diffuse reflection light of the space object enters a spontaneous Brillouin scattering amplification region to carry out spontaneous Brillouin scattering amplification, and beat frequency coherence is generated between the diffuse reflection amplified light and intrinsic reference light;
the data acquisition card 16 is used for acquiring beat frequency coherent signals and sending the beat frequency coherent signals to the calculation module 17;
and the calculating module 17 is configured to perform calculation according to the beat frequency coherent signal.
The device is divided into three paths, the upper path is used as an auxiliary interferometer to realize compensation of nonlinear tuning of the light source, the middle path is used as a signal amplification light path based on nonlinear spontaneous Brillouin scattering, and the lower path is used as a main interferometer to realize distance measurement of space signals. The optical fiber is a single mode optical fiber, and a tunable laser with the wavelength near 1550nm is used as a light source.
In the present embodiment, the laser light output from the tunable laser 1 passes through 99:1, a first coupler 2-1 of the optical coupler 1 is divided into two paths of light, 1% of one path of light is incident to the auxiliary interferometer, and 99% of the other path of light passes through a 95: the second coupler 2-2 of 5 is divided into two paths of light, 5% of one path of light is incident to the signal amplification light path, and 95% of the other path of light is incident to the main interferometer.
In the present embodiment, the auxiliary interferometer has a michelson structure;
the auxiliary interferometer comprises a fourth coupler 2-4, a first Faraday rotation mirror 7-1, a second Faraday rotation mirror 7-2, a first time delay optical fiber 8-1 and a TTL clock circuit 14;
one path of light output by the first coupler 2-1 is divided into two paths through a fourth coupler 2-4, one path of light is reflected by a first Faraday rotating mirror 7-1 and then coupled to enter the fourth coupler 2-4, the other path of light is reflected by a first time delay optical fiber 8-1 and then enters a second Faraday rotating mirror 7-2, the other path of light is reflected by the second Faraday rotating mirror 7-2 and then is coupled to enter the fourth coupler 2-4, the fourth coupler 2-4 outputs beat frequency coherent signals, and then square wave signals are generated through a TTL clock circuit 14 and serve as an external clock of a data acquisition card 16 and are input to a clock end of the data acquisition card 16.
In the embodiment, the signal amplification light path comprises a second optical fiber amplifier 6-2, an optical fiber circulator 10, an amplification optical fiber 13 and an isolator 12;
one path of light output by the second coupler 2-2 enters the port 1 of the optical fiber circulator 10 after being amplified by the second optical fiber amplifier 6-2, enters the amplifying optical fiber 13 from one end of the port 2 of the optical fiber circulator 10, forms a spontaneous Brillouin scattering amplifying region in the amplifying optical fiber 13 after the power reaches a certain value, and is provided with an isolator 12 at the other end of the amplifying optical fiber 13.
In the embodiment, the main interferometer comprises a first polarization controller 3-1, a second polarization controller 3-2, a modulator, a microwave source 5, a third coupler 2-3, a first optical fiber amplifier 6-1, a first collimation beam expander 9-1, a second collimation beam expander 9-2, a second time delay optical fiber 8-2, a fifth coupler 2-5 and a balanced detector 15; the space distance measurement adopts a receiving and transmitting separately-arranged device;
the other path of light output by the second coupler 2-2 is incident to the modulator after the polarization state is adjusted by the first polarization controller 3-1, the microwave source 5 outputs a radio frequency signal to drive the modulator, the frequency shift of the radio frequency signal is the brillouin frequency shift of the amplification optical fiber 13, and the light output by the modulator is 90:10 the third coupler 2-3 splits into two paths of light;
after being amplified by a first optical fiber amplifier 6-1, 10% of one path of light is used as detection light and is incident to a space object 11 from a first collimating beam expander 9-1, diffuse reflection light of the space object 11 is received by a second collimating beam expander 9-2 and then enters from the other end of an amplifying optical fiber 13 with a certain length through an isolator 12, and the diffuse reflection amplifying light output by the amplifying optical fiber 13 enters a port 2 of an optical fiber circulator 10 and is coupled into an input port of a fifth coupler 2-5 from a port 3;
90% of the other path of light is used as intrinsic reference light, is adjusted by the polarization state of the second polarization controller 3-2, then enters the second time delay optical fiber 8-2, and then enters the other input port of the fifth coupler 2-5;
the diffuse reflection amplified light and the intrinsic reference light are subjected to beat frequency coherence and are output to a balance detector 15 through 2 output ends of a fifth coupler 2-5, the balance detector 15 detects and converts the beat frequency into voltage, the output end of the balance detector 15 is connected with the acquisition signal input end of a data acquisition card 16, and the voltage is converted into a data voltage value from analog voltage to realize acquisition and storage. The auxiliary interferometer is used for collecting coherent signals of the main interferometer detected by the balance detector through the data collection card and storing the coherent signals to the calculation module 17 for data processing.
The coupling ratios of the first coupler 2-1, the second coupler 2-2 and the third coupler 2-3 need to be determined according to the output power measurement of the actual light source. The length of the first time delay optical fiber 8-1 needs to be adjusted according to the range of actual space ranging; the length of the second delay fiber 8-2 needs to be adjusted in length according to the length of the amplifying fiber 13 and the bandwidth parameters of the balanced detector 15.
The embodiment provides a technology based on spontaneous brillouin scattering in an optical fiber, which realizes the detection and amplification of a spatial weak signal by a frequency modulated continuous wave, thereby further improving the capacity and advantages of the frequency modulated continuous wave on spatial distance measurement, widening the range of the spatial distance measurement and the corresponding dynamic range of a system, further reducing the requirement of the transmitting power of a transmitter, and also reducing the aperture of a receiving mirror of a receiver and reducing the requirement of cost.
The second embodiment is as follows: in this embodiment, the device for detecting and amplifying a spatial weak signal based on spontaneous brillouin scattering according to a first embodiment is further described, in this embodiment, the amplifying optical fiber 13 is a common single-mode optical fiber with a certain length or a special optical fiber with a high nonlinear coefficient, and both can realize brillouin amplification of a spatial weak signal; the length can be adjusted according to actual conditions.
The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment is specifically described with reference to fig. 1, and the present embodiment further describes an apparatus for detecting and amplifying a spatial weak signal based on spontaneous brillouin scattering in the first embodiment, where the modulator is implemented by using an electro-optical modulator 4.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the method for detecting and amplifying the spatial weak signal based on the spontaneous brillouin scattering in the embodiment includes:
setting system parameters of the tunable laser 1, setting a tuning range and setting a tuning rate, starting linear sweep frequency output of the tunable laser 1, and outputting a trigger signal by the tunable laser 1 to trigger a data acquisition card 16 for data acquisition preparation;
the auxiliary interferometer generates a clock signal, and transmits the clock signal to the data acquisition card 16, so that the data acquisition card 16 performs equal-frequency interval acquisition on beat frequency signals of the diffuse reflection amplified light and the intrinsic reference light;
the signal amplification optical path generates a spontaneous brillouin scattering amplification region in the amplification optical fiber 13;
the light of the main interferometer is modulated by the modulator, then undergoes Brillouin frequency shift of the frequency shift amplification optical fiber 13, and is divided into intrinsic reference light and detection light; the detection light is incident to a space object 11 from a first collimation beam expander 9-1, diffuse reflection light of the space object 11 is received by a second collimation beam expander 9-2 and enters an amplifying optical fiber 13 for spontaneous Brillouin scattering amplification, beat frequency coherence is generated between the diffuse reflection amplifying light and intrinsic reference light, and the diffuse reflection amplifying light and the intrinsic reference light are transmitted to a data acquisition card 16 from a balance detector 15;
the data acquisition card 16 acquires beat frequency coherent signals;
the calculation module 17 stores the beat frequency coherent signal and performs fast fourier transform processing on the beat frequency coherent signal to obtain the position information of the spatial object 11;
the present embodiment is implemented based on the device for detecting and amplifying a spatial weak signal based on spontaneous brillouin scattering according to any one of the above embodiments.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (6)
1. A device for realizing detection and amplification of a spatial weak signal based on spontaneous Brillouin scattering is characterized by comprising a tunable laser (1), an auxiliary interferometer, a signal amplification light path, a main interferometer, a data acquisition card (16) and a calculation module (17);
laser output by the tunable laser (1) is respectively incident to the auxiliary interferometer, the signal amplification light path and the main interferometer;
the auxiliary interferometer is used for generating a clock signal and sending the clock signal to a clock end of the data acquisition card (16);
the signal amplification optical path is used for generating a spontaneous Brillouin scattering amplification region;
the light path of the main interferometer comprises intrinsic reference light and detection light; the detection light is incident to a space object, diffuse reflection light of the space object enters a spontaneous Brillouin scattering amplification region to carry out spontaneous Brillouin scattering amplification, and beat frequency coherence is generated between the diffuse reflection amplified light and intrinsic reference light;
the data acquisition card (16) is used for acquiring beat frequency coherent signals and sending the beat frequency coherent signals to the calculation module (17);
a calculation module (17) for performing a calculation based on the beat frequency coherent signal;
laser output by the tunable laser (1) is divided into two paths of light through the first coupler (2-1), one path of light is incident to the auxiliary interferometer, the other path of light is divided into two paths of light through the second coupler (2-2), one path of light is incident to the signal amplification light path, and the other path of light is incident to the main interferometer;
the auxiliary interferometer comprises a fourth coupler (2-4), a first Faraday rotation mirror (7-1), a second Faraday rotation mirror (7-2), a first time delay optical fiber (8-1) and a TTL clock circuit (14);
one path of light output by the first coupler (2-1) is divided into two paths through the fourth coupler (2-4), one path of light is reflected by the first Faraday rotating mirror (7-1) and then coupled into the fourth coupler (2-4), the other path of light is reflected by the second Faraday rotating mirror (7-2) and then coupled into the fourth coupler (2-4) after being incident into the second Faraday rotating mirror (8-1), the other path of light is reflected by the second Faraday rotating mirror (7-2) and then coupled into the fourth coupler (2-4), the fourth coupler (2-4) outputs beat frequency coherent signals, and then square wave signals are generated through the TTL clock circuit (14), and the square wave signals are clock signals.
2. The device for realizing the detection and amplification of the spatial weak signal based on the spontaneous brillouin scattering according to claim 1, wherein the signal amplification optical path comprises a second optical fiber amplifier (6-2), an optical fiber circulator (10), an amplification optical fiber (13) and an isolator (12);
one path of light output by the second coupler (2-2) enters a port 1 of the optical fiber circulator (10) after being amplified by the second optical fiber amplifier (6-2), enters from one end of the amplifying optical fiber (13) through a port 2 of the optical fiber circulator (10), a spontaneous Brillouin scattering amplification region is formed in the amplifying optical fiber (13), and an isolator (12) is arranged at the other end of the amplifying optical fiber (13).
3. The device for realizing the detection and amplification of the spatial weak signal based on the spontaneous brillouin scattering according to claim 2, wherein the main interferometer comprises a first polarization controller (3-1), a second polarization controller (3-2), a modulator, a microwave source (5), a third coupler (2-3), a first fiber amplifier (6-1), a first collimated beam expander (9-1), a second collimated beam expander (9-2), a second time-delay fiber (8-2), a fifth coupler (2-5) and a balanced detector (15);
the other path of light output by the second coupler (2-2) is incident to the modulator after passing through the first polarization controller (3-1), the microwave source (5) outputs a radio frequency signal to drive the modulator, the frequency shift of the radio frequency signal is the Brillouin frequency shift of the amplification optical fiber (13), and the light output by the modulator is divided into two paths of light through the third coupler (2-3);
one path of light is used as detection light, after being amplified by a first optical fiber amplifier (6-1), the detection light is incident to a space object (11) through a first collimation beam expander (9-1), diffuse reflection light of the space object (11) is received by a second collimation beam expander (9-2), then enters from the other end of an amplification optical fiber (13) through an isolator (12), and the diffuse reflection amplification light output by the amplification optical fiber (13) enters a port 2 of an optical fiber circulator (10) and is coupled into an input port of a fifth coupler (2-5) from a port 3;
the other path of light is used as intrinsic reference light, enters a second time delay optical fiber (8-2) after passing through a second polarization controller (3-2), and then enters the other input port of the fifth coupler (2-5);
the diffuse reflection amplified light and the intrinsic reference light are subjected to beat frequency coherence and are output to a balance detector (15) from 2 output ends of the fifth coupler (2-5), and the output end of the balance detector (15) is connected with the acquisition signal input end of a data acquisition card (16).
4. The device for realizing the detection and amplification of the spatial weak signal based on the spontaneous brillouin scattering according to claim 3, wherein the modulator is realized by an electro-optical modulator (4).
5. The device for detecting and amplifying the spatial weak signal based on the spontaneous brillouin scattering according to claim 1, wherein the calculating module (17) performs calculation according to the beat frequency coherent signal, specifically:
and performing fast Fourier transform processing on the beat frequency coherent signal to obtain information of the beat frequency coherent signal on a time domain, converting the information into distance domain information on spatial ranging, and obtaining the position information of the spatial object (11) from the distance domain.
6. A method for realizing detection and amplification of a spatial weak signal based on spontaneous Brillouin scattering is characterized by comprising the following steps:
starting the linear sweep frequency output of the tunable laser (1), and triggering a data acquisition card (16) to prepare for data acquisition by the output of a trigger signal of the tunable laser (1);
the auxiliary interferometer generates a clock signal, and the clock signal is transmitted to the data acquisition card (16), so that the data acquisition card (16) performs equal frequency interval acquisition on beat frequency signals of the diffuse reflection amplified light and the intrinsic reference light;
the signal amplification optical path generates a spontaneous Brillouin scattering amplification area in the amplification optical fiber (13);
the light of the main interferometer is modulated by a modulator, then undergoes Brillouin frequency shift of a frequency shift amplification optical fiber (13), and is divided into intrinsic reference light and detection light; the detection light is incident to a space object (11) through a first collimation beam expander (9-1), diffuse reflection light of the space object (11) is received by a second collimation beam expander (9-2) and enters an amplification optical fiber (13) to be subjected to spontaneous Brillouin scattering amplification, beat frequency coherence is generated between the diffuse reflection amplification light and intrinsic reference light, and the beat frequency coherence is transmitted to a data acquisition card (16) through a balanced detector (15);
the data acquisition card (16) acquires beat frequency coherent signals;
the calculation module (17) stores the beat frequency coherent signal and performs fast Fourier transform processing on the beat frequency coherent signal to obtain the position information of the space object (11);
the method is realized based on the device for realizing the detection and amplification of the spatial weak signal based on the spontaneous brillouin scattering according to claim 3 or 4.
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