CN103323041A - Distributed Brillouin optical fiber sensing system based on coherent detection - Google Patents
Distributed Brillouin optical fiber sensing system based on coherent detection Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A distributed Brillouin optical fiber sensing system based on coherent detection comprises a pump laser and couplers. Lasers emitted by the pump laser are divided into two routes of detecting light through the first coupler. The first route of detecting light enters a Brillouin optical fiber annular laser device of a lower arm light path, and output Brillouin lasers serve as local oscillation light. The second route of detecting light enters a distributed Brillouin optical fiber sensor of an upper arm light path, and obtained backward Brillouin signal light with temperature and strain information serves as scattered light. After frequency mixing is conducted on the Brillouin signal light and the Brillouin lasers through the second coupler, the Brillouin signal light and the Brillouin lasers are connected to a photo-electric detector to undergo photo-electric conversion. The distributed Brillouin optical fiber sensing system based on coherent detection has the advantages that high nonlinearity optical fibers are adopted in the Brillouin optical fiber annular laser device, the output Brillouin lasers are small in line width and stable in frequency, and sensing precision is increased; the distributed Brillouin optical fiber sensor can measure temperature and strain signals at the same time, and therefore high-frequency detection is converted to low-frequency detection, cost is greatly saved, and system complexity is lowered.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to sensory field of optic fibre, be specifically related to a kind of based on the relevant distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor system that detects.
Background technology
Distributed fiberoptic sensor is based on a kind of sensing mode of the principle of measuring the scattered light that produces when light wave is propagated in optical fiber.Distributed fiberoptic sensor is compared with traditional method for sensing has more advantage, and main manifestations is for can obtain simultaneously measured space distribution state and time dependent information; Can on whole fiber lengths, carry out continuous coverage to the environmental parameter along fiber distribution; In theory can be measured function as fiber position length, thus the resolution of arbitrary size obtained; The array that can replace with an optical fiber sensor of traditional hundreds of dot matrix formation; Can replace the Complex Electrical System that formed by many cables and control center at different levels by optical fiber and simple controller.
Optical fiber sensing technology based on the BOTDR technology is to grow up on traditional OTDR basis, in the OTDR system, one end of light pulse injection fibre system, dorsad Rayleigh scattering light in the optical fiber is as the function of time, while is with the information of optical fiber temperature/Strain Distribution along the line, time delay between scattered light and the pulsed light provides the measurement to the positional information of optical fiber, and the scattering light intensity provides the measurement to the decay of optical fiber.In BOTDR, because Brillouin scattering is subjected to the impact of temperature and strain, therefore just can obtain temperature and strain information by measuring Brillouin scattering.
Brillouin optical fiber laser is that optical fiber is placed in the resonator cavity, utilizes the brillouin gain of optical fiber and lasing.Brillouin fiber ring laser has the advantages such as narrow linewidth, frequency stabilization, gain direction sensitivity, is the focus that people study therefore always.Traditional BOTDR adopts pump light as local oscillator light, and the signal frequency behind the beat frequency is about 11GHz, and bandwidth and the sensitivity of photodetector has all been proposed very high requirement, has increased detection difficulty.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, there is the high above-mentioned deficiency of detection difficulty for bandwidth in the existing distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor system and sensitivity detection, provide a kind of based on the relevant distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor system that detects, Brillouin laser line width, the frequency stabilization of output increase sensing accuracy.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme that adopts to be:
A kind of based on the relevant distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor system that detects, comprise pump laser and coupling mechanism, the laser that pump laser sends is divided into two-way through coupling mechanism and surveys light, the first via is surveyed light and is entered in the brillouin fiber ring laser of underarm light path, and the Brillouin laser of brillouin fiber ring laser output is as local oscillator light; The second the tunnel surveys light enters in the distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor of upper arm light path, obtains containing the dorsad Brillouin flashlight of temperature and strain information as scattered light; Brillouin's flashlight (scattered light) of described upper arm light path is undertaken being connected to photodetector after the mixing by the second photo-coupler with the Brillouin laser (local oscillator light) of underarm light path, carry out opto-electronic conversion, extract the temperature and the strain information that contain on the optical fiber link, measure when realizing length apart from temperature and stress.
Press such scheme, described brillouin fiber ring laser comprises the first optical circulator, highly nonlinear optical fiber, the first photo-coupler and Polarization Controller, and the described first via is surveyed light from the A of the first optical circulator port, enters brillouin fiber ring laser; One end of described highly nonlinear optical fiber links to each other with the B port of the first optical circulator, and the other end is connected to coupling mechanism; The C port of described the first optical circulator also is connected to the first photo-coupler by Polarization Controller; The Brillouin laser that brillouin fiber ring laser produces is from the output of the first photo-coupler and enter the second photo-coupler.
Press such scheme, described distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor comprises electrooptic modulator, the EDFA that links to each other successively, optical filter, the second optical circulator and single mode sensor fibre, described the second the tunnel surveys light is modulated to pulse signal through electrooptic modulator, uses EDFA to amplify, and behind optical filter filtering ASE noise, enter the single mode sensor fibre through the B of the second optical circulator port, obtain containing Brillouin's flashlight (dorsad Brillouin scattering) of temperature and strain information; Simultaneously, the C port of the second optical circulator links to each other with described the second photo-coupler, and the second photo-coupler is exported and entered to Brillouin's flashlight that distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor produces by the C port of the second optical circulator.
Press such scheme, this distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor system also comprises the electric spectrometer that links to each other with photodetector, and described electric spectrometer is used for showing resulting temperature and strain information.
Press such scheme, described pump laser is Distributed Feedback Laser, is used for being respectively brillouin fiber ring laser and distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor provides pump light.
Press such scheme, Brillouin's flashlight of described upper arm light path and the Brillouin laser of underarm light path carry out frequency range after the mixing in the frequency range of 0.3 ~ 0.5GHz(difference frequency signal by the second photo-coupler (12)).
Brillouin fiber ring laser provided by the invention adopts one section linear optical fiber that soars as gain media, need not the media such as Er-doped fiber or semiconductor optical amplifier, and the length of highly nonlinear optical fiber is shorter, and this will make whole equipment comparatively easily integrated; Use the nonlinear effect in the optical fiber---excited Brillouin gain amplifying optical signals, principle according to the excited Brillouin gain, its excited Brillouin gain amplifying optical signals only occurs in dorsad, so when the A of the first optical circulator port input pumping light, obtain dorsad brillouin scattering signal at the B of the first optical circulator port, the brillouin scattering signal of B port output causes that the excited Brillouin gain in the highly nonlinear optical fiber is further amplified, export from the C port, reenter in the brillouin fiber ring laser, as the seed light of amplifying next time, again export from the B port; Above process repeats, when brillouin fiber ring laser concussion at first, the excited Brillouin gain signal whenever turns around and all is exaggerated; When the process regular hour, when the gain of pump light equaled loss, brillouin fiber ring laser reached a stable state; In brillouin fiber ring laser, add simultaneously a Polarization Controller, control its polarization state, so that the more stable work of brillouin fiber ring laser; Because the one direction of the first optical circulator is passed through characteristic in the brillouin fiber ring laser, therefore also just limited the generation of second order excited Brillouin gain, and because the live width compression of stimulated Brillouin scattering, make brillouin fiber ring laser produce light signal stable, narrow linewidth, live width satisfies very many-sided application much smaller than the live width of original pump laser.
Brillouin fiber ring laser provided by the invention is by the first photo-coupler Output of laser, this first photo-coupler is the ordinary optic fibre coupling mechanism, the coupling ratio of the first photo-coupler can swash the needs of penetrating condition and output power according to practical laser and select, under the prerequisite that guarantees the Brillouin optical fiber laser steady operation, adopt different coupling ratios, to regulate the output power of brillouin fiber ring laser.
In the distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor provided by the invention, modulator is modulated into continuous remaining pump light the pulse signal of the rectangle of certain intervals; The pulse interval of modulators modulate is decided by the length of single mode sensor fibre; The pulse width size of modulation has then determined the size of distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor spatial resolution; The extinction ratio of modulator then has a great impact the performance of system; Therefore, the choose reasonable modulator, and it is great to set the rational modulation parameter meaning.
Flashlight through modulators modulate is inputted from the A port of the second optical circulator, and enters the single mode sensor fibre from the output of B port.Because spontaneous brillouin scattering signal occurs in dorsad, therefore containing in the single mode sensor fibre Brillouin's flashlight of temperature and strain information just inputs from the B port of the second optical circulator, from the output of C port, its transducing signal with respect to detectable signal the frequency displacement relevant with temperature and strain has occured and intensity changes.
The present invention will input photodetector by the second photo-coupler simultaneously from the Brillouin's flashlight (scattered light) that contains temperature and strain of the C port output of the second optical circulator of distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor and the Brillouin laser (local oscillator light) of exporting from brillouin fiber ring laser, because scattered light, local oscillator light both passes through Brillouin shift, undertaken interfering after the mixing by the second photo-coupler, produce and frequency and difference frequency signal, because and the frequency of frequency signal has surpassed the responsive bandwidth of photodetector, therefore in photodetector, can only receive difference frequency signal, the frequency range of difference frequency signal is at 0.3 ~ 0.5GHz, only need the low-frequency acquisition device just can well detect transducing signal, process through the signal of electric spectrometer again, just can analyze the temperature and the strain information that wherein comprise, and determine the positional information of occurrence temperature and STRESS VARIATION according to the time that pulsed light is input to detector.
The beneficial effect that the present invention compared with prior art has:
1, the invention provides a kind of brillouin fiber ring laser, lower to the linewidth requirements of pump laser, general Distributed Feedback Laser just can meet the demands preferably, and the device of use is simple;
2, adopt highly nonlinear optical fiber to produce Laser output, utilize Polarization Controller, so that the Brillouin laser line width of output, stable, the frequency of last difference frequency signal is 0.3 ~ 0.5GHz, greatly reduced detection difficulty, the Brillouin laser of narrow linewidth has also increased the precision of sensing simultaneously as local oscillator light;
3, common single mode sensor fibre just can be used as gain media, does not need expensive Er-doped fiber;
4, use the characteristic of the frequency displacement of Brillouin optical fiber laser, make high-frequency detection be converted to low-frequency acquisition, thereby do not need the but optics frequency-shift equipment of less stable of expensive high-frequency photodetector or complex structure, greatly saved cost, and reduced the complexity of system.
5, the electric spectrometer that receives owing to extrapolation is realized along the temperature of the long range distribution of optical fiber and high resolving power, the while sensor measuring of strain information.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is general structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
Among the figure, 1-pump laser, 2-coupling mechanism, the 3-modulator, 4-EDFA, 5-optical filter, 6-the second optical circulator, 7-single mode sensor fibre, 8-the first optical circulator, the 9-highly nonlinear optical fiber, 10-the first photo-coupler, 11-Polarization Controller, 12-the second photo-coupler, the 13-photodetector, 14-electricity spectrometer.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing technical scheme of the present invention is described further.
With reference to shown in Figure 1, of the present invention based on the relevant distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor system that detects, comprise pump laser 1 and coupling mechanism 2, the laser that pump laser 1 sends is divided into two-way through coupling mechanism 2 and surveys light, the first via is surveyed light and is entered in the brillouin fiber ring laser of underarm light path, and the Brillouin laser of brillouin fiber ring laser output is as local oscillator light; The second the tunnel surveys light enters in the distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor of upper arm light path, obtains containing the dorsad Brillouin flashlight of temperature and strain information as scattered light; Brillouin's flashlight (scattered light) of described upper arm light path is undertaken being connected to photodetector 13 after the mixing by the second photo-coupler 12 with the Brillouin laser (local oscillator light) of underarm light path, carry out opto-electronic conversion, extract the temperature and the strain information that contain on the optical fiber link, measure when realizing length apart from temperature and stress.
Described brillouin fiber ring laser comprises the first optical circulator 8, highly nonlinear optical fiber 9, the first photo-coupler 10 and Polarization Controller 11, and the described first via is surveyed light from the A port of the first optical circulator 8, enters brillouin fiber ring laser; One end of described highly nonlinear optical fiber 9 links to each other with the B port of the first optical circulator 8, and the other end is connected to coupling mechanism 10; The C port of described the first optical circulator 8 also is connected to the first photo-coupler 10 by Polarization Controller 11; The Brillouin laser that brillouin fiber ring laser produces is from 10 outputs of the first photo-coupler and enter the second photo-coupler 12.
Described distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor comprises electrooptic modulator 3, the EDFA4 that links to each other successively, optical filter 5, the second optical circulator 6 and single mode sensor fibre 7, described the second the tunnel surveys light is modulated to pulse signal through electrooptic modulator 3, use EDFA4 to amplify, and behind optical filter 5 filtering ASE noises, enter single mode sensor fibre 7 through the B port of the second optical circulator 6, obtain containing Brillouin's flashlight (dorsad Brillouin scattering) of temperature and strain information; Simultaneously, the C port of the second optical circulator 6 links to each other with described the second photo-coupler 12, and the second photo-coupler 12 is exported and entered to Brillouin's flashlight that distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor produces by the C port of the second optical circulator 6.
This distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor system also comprises the electric spectrometer 14 that links to each other with photodetector 13, and described electric spectrometer 14 is used for showing resulting temperature and strain information.
Described pump laser 1 is Distributed Feedback Laser, is used for being respectively brillouin fiber ring laser and distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor provides pump light.
Brillouin fiber ring laser provided by the invention adopts one section linear optical fiber 9 that soars as gain media, need not the media such as Er-doped fiber or semiconductor optical amplifier, and the length of highly nonlinear optical fiber 9 is shorter, and this will make whole equipment comparatively easily integrated; Use the nonlinear effect in the optical fiber---excited Brillouin gain amplifying optical signals, principle according to the excited Brillouin gain, its excited Brillouin gain amplifying optical signals only occurs in dorsad, so when the A port input pumping light of the first optical circulator 8, obtain dorsad brillouin scattering signal at the B port of the first optical circulator 8, the brillouin scattering signal of B port output causes that the excited Brillouin gain in the highly nonlinear optical fiber 9 is further amplified, export from the C port, reenter in the brillouin fiber ring laser, as the seed light of amplifying next time, again export from the B port; Above process repeats, when brillouin fiber ring laser concussion at first, the excited Brillouin gain signal whenever turns around and all is exaggerated; When the process regular hour, when the gain of pump light equaled loss, brillouin fiber ring laser reached a stable state; In brillouin fiber ring laser, add simultaneously a Polarization Controller 11, control its polarization state, so that the more stable work of brillouin fiber ring laser; Because the one direction of the first optical circulator 8 is passed through characteristic in the brillouin fiber ring laser, therefore also just limited the generation of second order excited Brillouin gain, and because the live width compression of stimulated Brillouin scattering, make brillouin fiber ring laser produce light signal stable, narrow linewidth, live width satisfies very many-sided application much smaller than the live width of original pump laser 1.
Brillouin fiber ring laser provided by the invention is by the first photo-coupler 10 Output of lasers, this first photo-coupler 10 is the ordinary optic fibre coupling mechanism, the coupling ratio of the first photo-coupler 10 can swash the needs of penetrating condition and output power according to practical laser and select, under the prerequisite that guarantees the Brillouin optical fiber laser steady operation, adopt different coupling ratios, to regulate the output power of brillouin fiber ring laser.
In the distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor provided by the invention, modulator 3 is modulated into continuous remaining pump light the pulse signal of the rectangle of certain intervals; The pulse interval of modulator 3 modulation is decided by the length of single mode sensor fibre 7; The pulse width size of modulation has then determined the size of distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor spatial resolution; The extinction ratio of modulator then has a great impact the performance of system; Therefore, the choose reasonable modulator, and it is great to set the rational modulation parameter meaning.
Flashlight through modulator 3 modulation is inputted from the A port of the second optical circulator 6, and enters single mode sensor fibre 7 from the output of B port.Because spontaneous brillouin scattering signal occurs in dorsad, therefore containing in the single mode sensor fibre 7 Brillouin's flashlight of temperature and strain information just inputs from the B port of the second optical circulator 6, from the output of C port, its transducing signal with respect to detectable signal the frequency displacement relevant with temperature and strain has occured and intensity changes.
The present invention will input photodetector 13 by the second photo-coupler 12 simultaneously from the Brillouin's flashlight (scattered light) that contains temperature and strain of the C port output of the second optical circulator 6 of distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor and the Brillouin laser (local oscillator light) of exporting from brillouin fiber ring laser, because scattered light, local oscillator light both passes through Brillouin shift, undertaken interfering after the mixing by the second photo-coupler 12, produce and frequency and difference frequency signal, because and the frequency of frequency signal has surpassed the responsive bandwidth of photodetector 13, therefore in photodetector 13, can only receive difference frequency signal, the frequency range of difference frequency signal is at 0.3 ~ 0.5GHz, only need low-frequency acquisition device 13 just can well detect transducing signal, process through the signal of electric spectrometer 14 again, just can analyze the temperature and the strain information that wherein comprise, and determine the positional information of occurrence temperature and STRESS VARIATION according to the time that pulsed light is input to detector.
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limiting the present invention, all any modifications of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, is equal to and replaces and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. one kind based on the relevant distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor system that detects, comprise pump laser (1) and coupling mechanism (2), it is characterized in that: the laser that pump laser (1) sends is divided into two-way through coupling mechanism (2) and surveys light, the first via is surveyed light and is entered in the brillouin fiber ring laser of underarm light path, and the Brillouin laser of brillouin fiber ring laser output is as local oscillator light; The second the tunnel surveys light enters in the distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor of upper arm light path, obtains containing the dorsad Brillouin flashlight of temperature and strain information as scattered light; Brillouin's flashlight of described upper arm light path and the Brillouin laser of underarm light path are undertaken being connected to photodetector (13) after the mixing by the second photo-coupler (12).
2. as claimed in claim 1 based on the relevant distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor system that detects, it is characterized in that: described brillouin fiber ring laser comprises the first optical circulator (8), highly nonlinear optical fiber (9), the first photo-coupler (10) and Polarization Controller (11), the described first via is surveyed light from the A port of the first optical circulator (8), enters brillouin fiber ring laser; One end of described highly nonlinear optical fiber (9) links to each other with the B port of the first optical circulator (8), and the other end is connected to coupling mechanism (10); The C port of described the first optical circulator (8) also is connected to the first photo-coupler (10) by Polarization Controller (11); The second photo-coupler (12) is exported and entered to the Brillouin laser that brillouin fiber ring laser produces from the first photo-coupler (10).
3. as claimed in claim 1 based on the relevant distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor system that detects, it is characterized in that: described distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor comprises the electrooptic modulator (3) that links to each other successively, EDFA(4), optical filter (5), the second optical circulator (6) and single mode sensor fibre (7), described the second the tunnel surveys light is modulated to pulse signal through electrooptic modulator (3), use EDFA(4) amplify, and behind optical filter (5) filtering ASE noise, B port through the second optical circulator (6) enters single mode sensor fibre (7), obtains containing Brillouin's flashlight (dorsad Brillouin scattering) of temperature and strain information; Simultaneously, the C port of the second optical circulator (6) links to each other with described the second photo-coupler (12), and the second photo-coupler (12) is exported and entered to Brillouin's flashlight that distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor produces by the C port of the second optical circulator (6).
4. as claimed in claim 1 based on the relevant distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor system that detects, it is characterized in that: this distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor system also comprises the electric spectrometer (14) that links to each other with photodetector (13), and described electric spectrometer (14) is used for showing resulting temperature and strain information.
5. as claimed in claim 1 based on the relevant distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor system that detects, it is characterized in that: described pump laser (1) is Distributed Feedback Laser, is used for being respectively brillouin fiber ring laser and distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor provides pump light.
6. as claimed in claim 1 based on the relevant distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor system that detects, it is characterized in that: Brillouin's flashlight of described upper arm light path and the Brillouin laser of underarm light path carry out frequency range after the mixing at 0.3 ~ 0.5GHz by the second photo-coupler (12).
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| CN104776871A (en) * | 2015-01-30 | 2015-07-15 | 佛山科学技术学院 | Optical fiber Brillouin distributed type measuring light path, device and method |
| CN109239731A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2019-01-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of device and method of detection and amplification that realizing spatial weak signal based on spontaneous brillouin scattering |
| CN111678601A (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2020-09-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Coherent spectrum analysis device and method based on optical fiber Brillouin scattering |
| CN111829657A (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2020-10-27 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Coherent spectrum analysis device and method based on optical fiber Rayleigh scattering |
| CN114088124A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-02-25 | 南京航空航天大学 | Brillouin optical time domain reflectometer based on double-sideband modulation |
| CN114778879A (en) * | 2022-04-11 | 2022-07-22 | 中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所 | Speed measuring device and method based on optical fiber stimulated Brillouin scattering |
| CN117387792A (en) * | 2023-10-12 | 2024-01-12 | 华中科技大学 | Device for simultaneously monitoring temperature and stress, monitoring method and measuring method |
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| CN114778879A (en) * | 2022-04-11 | 2022-07-22 | 中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所 | Speed measuring device and method based on optical fiber stimulated Brillouin scattering |
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| CN117387792A (en) * | 2023-10-12 | 2024-01-12 | 华中科技大学 | Device for simultaneously monitoring temperature and stress, monitoring method and measuring method |
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