CN109215826B - High-strength aluminum conductor and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

High-strength aluminum conductor and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN109215826B
CN109215826B CN201710530674.6A CN201710530674A CN109215826B CN 109215826 B CN109215826 B CN 109215826B CN 201710530674 A CN201710530674 A CN 201710530674A CN 109215826 B CN109215826 B CN 109215826B
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powder
aluminum
aluminum conductor
sintering
mixing
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CN109215826A (en
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庄红芳
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Jiangsu Qidi Alloy Co ltd
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Jiangsu Qidi Alloy Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
    • H01B1/023—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/0408—Light metal alloys
    • C22C1/0416—Aluminium-based alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C26/00—Alloys containing diamond or cubic or wurtzitic boron nitride, fullerenes or carbon nanotubes
    • C22C2026/002—Carbon nanotubes

Abstract

A high-strength aluminium wire is prepared through ball grinding aluminium powder, Wc powder, NiAl powder and carbon nanotubes, dispersing, mixing to obtain mixed powder, pre-pressing, sintering, hot extruding and drawing. The aluminum conductor prepared by the formula and the preparation process has the same conductive effect and density as pure aluminum wires, the tensile strength is twice of that of pure aluminum, the conductive performance is the same as that of pure aluminum, the conductive requirement of a power transmission line can be met, the tensile strength is doubled, a steel core of the high-voltage transmission aluminum conductor can be omitted, and the conductor cost is reduced. In addition, the density of steel is 3 times of that of steel, so that the weight of a lead with a steel core is generally reduced by half, the weight of the lead is greatly reduced, the load of a transmission tower is reduced, and the occurrence of catastrophic accidents such as tower collapse caused by ice and snow weather is reduced.

Description

High-strength aluminum conductor and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-strength aluminum wire and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a chemical composition and a preparation method of the high-strength aluminum wire.
Background
The aluminum conductor is usually used as a high-voltage transmission line, has the advantages of small resistivity and good corrosion resistance, but has low strength, and if the aluminum conductor is only used as the high-voltage transmission line, the aluminum conductor can be broken under severe natural conditions such as wind and snow, and the like, so that a steel core (wire) is required to be arranged in the middle of the aluminum conductor used in general engineering to improve the tensile strength of the conductor. Because the steel core has poor corrosion resistance, the service life of the steel core is prolonged by thickening in engineering, so that the weight of the aluminum conductor is increased, the power transmission load of the aluminum conductor is reduced, and the load of a power transmission tower is increased. Therefore, the high-strength aluminum alloy wire is developed, and has great practical significance for improving the power transmission amount and reducing the self weight of the power transmission line, thereby reducing the tower load and the cost of the power transmission line. In the process of developing the high-strength aluminum conductor, people find that if elements such as Ni, W, Si and the like are added into aluminum, the strength of the aluminum conductor can be improved, but the electrical conductivity of the aluminum is reduced due to the generation of a second phase, aiming at the conditions, the invention provides a formula and a preparation method of the high-strength aluminum conductor, wherein the physical properties such as the electrical conductivity, the elongation and the like are similar to those of the aluminum conductor, but the tensile strength of the high-strength aluminum conductor is more than twice that of the conventional aluminum conductor, the aluminum conductor does not change the original design of the power transmission performance of the conductor, the steel core of a power transmission line can be saved, and the effects of reducing the self weight of.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-strength aluminum wire and a preparation method thereof.
The strength of the aluminum wire is improved by adding Wc, the conductivity is improved by adding the carbon nano tube to make up for the reduction of the conductivity after adding Wc into aluminum, and the problems of poor dispersion and easy agglomeration of the carbon nano tube and Wc in aluminum powder are solved by adding NiAl powder as a dispersing agent. The reasonable proportion of several additives effectively achieves the effect that the electrical conductivity of the aluminum conductor is not reduced and the tensile strength is improved.
The high-strength aluminum conductor raw material adopts a formula which comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
0.3-0.5wt.% carbon nanotubes;
wc powder 0.15-0.3 wt.%;
NiAl powder 0.25-0.4 wt.%;
the balance of Al powder.
Taking industrial grade high-purity aluminum powder, wherein the average particle size is about 30 mu m, and the purity is more than 98.5 wt.%. Purity of Wc powder>99.9wt.%, average particle size of 40 μm, Al content of 0.5-0.7wt.% in NiAl powder, average particle size of 30-45 μm, carbon nanotube diameter of 100-150nm, length of 10-50 μm, purity>99wt.%, specific surface area>60m2G, density>2.0g/cm3。
The invention also aims to provide a preparation process of the high-strength aluminum conductor.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that aluminum powder, Wc, NiAl and carbon nano tubes are mixed, pre-pressed, molded, sintered and drawn to obtain the power transmission high-strength aluminum wire meeting the requirements of power transmission lines.
The invention is carried out according to the following steps: firstly, selecting and proportioning; the raw materials weighed according to the proportion are put into a ball mill for mixing, a ball mill tank body is made of ceramic materials, a grinding ball is made of ZrO materials, in order to prevent the ball milling process from being oxidized due to too high temperature, a certain amount of ethanol is added into the ball mill tank after the raw materials are loaded, the volume ratio of powder to the ethanol is 2:1, inert gas (such as Ar) is introduced for protection, the mixing speed is 200rpm, and the mixing time is 2 hours; after the mixing is finished, pre-pressing the mixed powder in a die to form a column shape; and then placing the material into a hot pressing furnace for sintering at the sintering temperature of 600-630 ℃, under the sintering pressure of 28-32Mpa for 1h, finally placing the sintered material into hot extrusion equipment for preheating at the temperature of 400-430 ℃, and extruding and drawing the material to obtain the high-strength aluminum wire with the required diameter, wherein the extrusion ratio is less than 15: 1.
The aluminum conductor prepared by the formula and the preparation process has the same conductive effect and density as pure aluminum wires, the tensile strength is twice of that of pure aluminum, the conductive performance is the same as that of pure aluminum, the conductive requirement of a power transmission line can be met, the tensile strength is doubled, and a steel core of the high-voltage power transmission aluminum conductor can be omitted, so that the conductor cost is reduced; in addition, the density of steel is 3 times of that of steel, so that the weight of a lead with a steel core is generally reduced by half, the weight of the lead is greatly reduced, the load of a transmission tower is reduced, and the occurrence of catastrophic accidents such as tower collapse caused by ice and snow weather is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph comparing the tensile strength curves of samples prepared according to the present invention with those of prior art products.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples and embodiments.
The preparation method of the high-strength aluminum wire is realized by adding the reinforcing phase Wc, the wire phase carbon nano tube and NiAl powder with the dispersing function into aluminum. The addition of aluminum increases the strength of pure aluminum due to the high strength of Wc, but decreases the elongation and conductivity of the aluminum wire. The addition of the carbon nano tube improves the strength, the elongation and the conductivity of the aluminum wire, and makes up for the loss of the conductivity and the elongation after the Wc is added. In order to prevent the problem of uneven dispersion of the added materials, by means of the principle that the NiAl powder is good in compatibility with the Al powder and the Wc powder, and the carbon nano tube is good in compatibility with the Wc powder, several kinds of powder can be uniformly dispersed in the material mixing process. Thereby achieving the elongation and the conductivity similar to those of the aluminum wire and the tensile strength higher than that of the common aluminum wire. The aluminum conductor can save a steel core in the existing high-voltage aluminum power transmission line, can reduce the weight of the conductor and reduce the load of a high-voltage electric wire tower.
Example 1
Firstly, selecting materials and reasonably preparing the materials. Selecting industrial grade high-purity aluminum powder with average particle size of about 30 μm and purity of more than 98.5 wt.%. Purity of Wc powder>99.9wt.%, average particle size of 40 μm, Al content of 0.5-0.7wt.% in NiAl powder, average particle size of 30-45 μm, carbon nanotube diameter of 100-150nm, length of 10-50 μm, purity>99wt.%, specific surface area>60m2G, density>2.0g/cm3。
The formula of the raw materials is as follows:
0.3wt.% carbon nanotubes;
wc powder 0.15 wt.%;
NiAl powder 0.25 wt.%;
the balance of Al powder.
The raw materials weighed according to the proportion are put into a ball mill for mixing, a ball mill tank body is made of ceramic materials, a grinding ball is made of ZrO materials, in order to prevent the ball milling process from being oxidized due to too high temperature, a certain amount of ethanol is added into the ball mill tank after the raw materials are loaded, the volume ratio of powder to the ethanol is 2:1, then Ar is introduced for protection, the mixing speed is 200rpm, and the mixing time is 2 hours; after the mixing is finished, pre-pressing the mixed powder in a die to form a column shape; sintering in a hot pressing furnace at 600 deg.C under 30Mpa for 1 hr, preheating in a hot extrusion device at 400 deg.C under an extrusion ratio of less than 15:1, and extruding and drawingΦ3mm to the maximum.
Through tests, the conductivity of the pure aluminum wire obtained in the embodiment is 58.06% IACX, the elongation is 29.85%, and the tensile strength is 127.5MPa, the conductivity of the high-strength aluminum wire prepared by the invention is 59.84% IACS, the elongation is 26.8%, and the tensile strength is 248.5 MPa, so that the high-strength aluminum wire can completely meet the use requirement of a high-voltage wire.
Example 2
Selecting industrial grade high-purity aluminum powder with average particle size of about 30 μm and purity of more than 98.5 wt.%. Purity of Wc powder>99.9wt.%, the average particle size is 40 μm, the Al content in the NiAl powder is 0.5-0.7wt.%, the average particle size is 30-45 μm, the diameter of the carbon nano tube is 100-150nm, and the length is 10-50 μm, purity>99wt.%, specific surface area>60m2G, density>2.0g/cm3。
The formula of the raw materials is as follows:
0.4wt.% carbon nanotubes;
wc powder 0.2 wt.%;
NiAl powder 0.3 wt.%;
the balance of Al powder.
The raw materials weighed according to the proportion are put into a ball mill for mixing, a ball mill tank body is made of ceramic materials, a grinding ball is made of ZrO materials, in order to prevent the ball milling process from being oxidized due to too high temperature, a certain amount of ethanol is added into the ball mill tank after the raw materials are loaded, the volume ratio of powder to the ethanol is 2:1, then Ar is introduced for protection, the mixing speed is 200rpm, and the mixing time is 2 hours; after the mixing is finished, pre-pressing the mixed powder in a die to form a column shape; sintering in hot pressing furnace at 610 deg.C under 30Mpa for 1 hr, preheating in hot extrusion equipment at 420 deg.C, extruding at a ratio of less than 15:1, and drawingΦ3mm to the maximum.
Through tests, the conductivity of the pure aluminum wire obtained in the embodiment is 58.05% IACX, the elongation is 29.9%, and the tensile strength is 128 MPa, the conductivity of the high-strength aluminum wire prepared by the invention is 59.83% IACS, the elongation is 26.9%, and the tensile strength is 248 MPa, so that the high-strength aluminum wire can completely meet the use requirements of high-voltage wires.
Example 3
Selecting industrial grade high-purity aluminum powder with average particle size of about 30 μm and purity of more than 98.5 wt.%. Purity of Wc powder>99.9wt.%, average particle size of 40 μm, Al content of 0.5-0.7wt.% in NiAl powder, average particle size of 30-45 μm, carbon nanotube diameter of 100-150nm, length of 10-50 μm, purity>99wt.%, specific surface area>60m2G, density>2.0g/cm3。
The formula of the raw materials is as follows:
0.5wt.% carbon nanotubes;
wc powder 0.3 wt.%;
NiAl powder 0.4 wt.%;
the balance of Al powder.
The raw materials weighed according to the proportion are put into a ball mill for mixing, a ball mill tank body is made of ceramic materials, a grinding ball is made of ZrO materials, in order to prevent the ball milling process from being oxidized due to too high temperature, a certain amount of ethanol is added into the ball mill tank after the raw materials are loaded, the volume ratio of powder to the ethanol is 2:1, then Ar is introduced for protection, the mixing speed is 200rpm, and the mixing time is 2 hours; after the mixing is finished, pre-pressing the mixed powder in a die to form a column shape; sintering in hot pressing furnace at 630 deg.C under 30Mpa for 1 hr, preheating at 430 deg.C in hot extrusion equipment, extruding at a ratio of less than 15:1, and drawingΦ3mm to the maximum.
Through tests, the conductivity of the pure aluminum wire obtained in the embodiment is 58.08% IACX, the elongation is 29.8%, and the tensile strength is 127 MPa, the conductivity of the high-strength aluminum wire prepared by the invention is 59.82% IACS, the elongation is 26.8%, and the tensile strength is 249 MPa, so that the high-strength aluminum wire can completely meet the use requirements of high-voltage wires.

Claims (4)

1. A high-strength aluminum conductor is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight:
0.3-0.5wt.% of carbon nanotubes
Wc powder 0.15-0.3wt. -%)
NiAl powder 0.25-0.4wt. -%)
The balance of Al powder;
the average particle size of the Al powder is 26-34 μm, the purity is greater than 98.5 wt.%;
wc powder purity >99.9wt.%, average particle size 40 μ ι η;
the content of Al in the NiAl powder is 0.5-0.7wt.%, and the average grain diameter is 30-45 μm;
the carbon nano-tube has the diameter of 100-150nm, the length of 10-50 μm and the purity>99wt.%, specific surface area>60m2G, density>2.0g/cm3。
2. A method for preparing a high-strength aluminum conductor according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
putting the raw materials into a ball mill for mixing, wherein a ball mill tank body is made of ceramic materials, and grinding balls are made of ZrO materials; after the raw materials are loaded, adding ethanol into a ball milling tank, wherein the volume ratio of total powder to ethanol is 2:1, introducing inert gas for protection, and mixing at the rotation speed of 200rpm for 2 hours;
after the mixing is finished, pre-pressing the mixed powder in a die to form a column shape;
and then placing the aluminum conductor into a hot pressing furnace for sintering, finally placing the sintered material into hot extrusion equipment for preheating, and then extruding and drawing according to the required pressure intensity to obtain the high-strength aluminum conductor.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein: the sintering temperature of the sintering is 600-630 ℃, the pressure of the sintering is 28-32Mpa, and the time is 1 h.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein: when the sintered material is placed into hot extrusion equipment for preheating, the preheating temperature is 400-430 ℃, and the extrusion ratio is less than 15: 1.
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CN110129606B (en) * 2019-05-23 2021-02-09 昆明理工大学 Preparation method of directionally arranged carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum-based composite wire

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CN103205589A (en) * 2013-04-25 2013-07-17 株洲硬质合金集团有限公司 Hard alloy taking Ni-Al intermetallic compound as binding phase and preparation method thereof
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102154582A (en) * 2011-05-27 2011-08-17 株洲硬质合金集团有限公司 Hard alloy taking nickel-aluminium intermetallic compound Ni3Al as binding phase and preparation method
CN103205589A (en) * 2013-04-25 2013-07-17 株洲硬质合金集团有限公司 Hard alloy taking Ni-Al intermetallic compound as binding phase and preparation method thereof
CN103276269A (en) * 2013-05-13 2013-09-04 东华大学 Carbon nano-tube-tungsten carbide composite material preparation method
CN105551567A (en) * 2016-02-01 2016-05-04 安徽渡江电缆集团有限公司 High-strength cable
CN106498313A (en) * 2016-11-23 2017-03-15 西安理工大学 High-strength high ductility CNTs SiCp reinforced aluminum matrix composites and preparation method thereof

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