CN109211087B - Foundation pit deformation measuring device and method - Google Patents

Foundation pit deformation measuring device and method Download PDF

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CN109211087B
CN109211087B CN201811156026.XA CN201811156026A CN109211087B CN 109211087 B CN109211087 B CN 109211087B CN 201811156026 A CN201811156026 A CN 201811156026A CN 109211087 B CN109211087 B CN 109211087B
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measuring
foundation pit
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deformation
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CN109211087A (en
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王浩
卫俊岭
茅建校
张一鸣
赵亚宁
沈惠军
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Southeast University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
    • G01B7/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge

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Abstract

The invention relates to a foundation pit deformation measuring device and a foundation pit deformation measuring method, wherein the foundation pit deformation measuring device comprises a measuring structure body, a working cement block is pre-buried to fix the measuring structure body at a contact point close to a foundation pit to be detected, a probe system is arranged on one side of the measuring structure body close to the contact point, and the displacement deformation of the foundation pit is obtained by measuring the distance between a probe of the probe system and the contact point; the inclination measuring device is rotatably arranged in the measuring structure body and is used for correcting a measuring error caused by inclination of the measuring structure body; the invention can measure the deformation of the foundation pit efficiently in real time and solves the problem of the hysteresis of the measurement result in the conventional foundation pit deformation measurement.

Description

Foundation pit deformation measuring device and method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a foundation pit deformation measuring device and a foundation pit deformation measuring method, and belongs to the technical field of foundation pit construction engineering.
Background
At present, the infrastructure of China enters the construction peak period and is rapidly developed, and the construction of foundation pit excavation is carried out in most engineering projects; in the excavation process of the foundation pit, a large amount of materials are stacked around the foundation pit due to the limitation of the field, the height of the pit bottom is uneven due to layered excavation, or the foundation pit is in an asymmetric stress state due to the change of geological conditions of an excavation section, so that the foundation pit is not uniformly deformed.
The foundation pit is usually accompanied with strong environmental effect in the construction, and the foundation pit excavation easily causes the change of the stress field of the surrounding rock and soil mass. The soil body is greatly deformed, so that uneven settlement of surrounding buildings, underground pipelines, roads and the like or unstable damage of foundation pits per se is caused, and certain social influence is caused. Therefore, the method has important significance in controlling and monitoring the deformation of the foundation pit in the construction process.
At present, a total station is mostly used for carrying out manual monitoring on foundation pit deformation monitoring, when the total station is used for measuring, the instrument needs to be frequently erected, the calculation of interior and exterior is complicated, the monitoring is carried out on the foundation pit deformation monitoring in different time periods, and the deformation condition of the foundation pit cannot be reflected in time; the invention fills the blank field, can measure the deformation of the foundation pit efficiently in real time and ensures the safety of the foundation pit in the construction process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a foundation pit deformation measuring device and a foundation pit deformation measuring method, which can measure the deformation of a foundation pit efficiently in real time and solve the problem of hysteresis of a measuring result in the conventional foundation pit deformation measurement.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a foundation pit deformation measuring device comprises a measuring structure body, wherein a working cement block is pre-buried to fix the measuring structure body at a contact point close to a foundation pit to be detected, a probe system is arranged on one side of the measuring structure body close to the contact point, and displacement deformation of the foundation pit is obtained by measuring the distance between a probe of the probe system and the contact point;
the inclination measuring device is rotatably arranged in the measuring structure body and is used for correcting a measuring error caused by inclination of the measuring structure body;
as a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the measuring structure body includes an outer cylinder, wherein a central axis of the outer cylinder is arranged parallel to the ground; the inclination measuring device comprises an inner cylinder which is rotatably arranged in the outer cylinder and is coaxial with the outer cylinder, openings at two ends of the inner cylinder are closed, and electrolyte is filled in the inner cylinder; openings at two ends of the outer cylinder are closed through side plates, a probe system is arranged on the side plate close to the contact point, and an electrode rod is arranged at one end, far away from the probe system, of the inner cylinder and clings to the inner side wall;
as a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the probe system includes at least one probe structure fixed on a side plate close to the contact point, the probe structure is a small probe system cylinder with openings at two ends, a round block is fixed at a middle position in the small probe system cylinder, one side of the round block opposite to the contact point is connected to one side of a round slider through a spring, the probe is fixed on the other side of the round slider and extends out of the small probe system cylinder, and a micro distance measuring sensor receiving device is fixed on one side of the round block opposite to the contact point; at least one miniature distance measuring sensor transmitting device is arranged on the inner side of the other side plate far away from the contact point, and the positions of the miniature distance measuring sensor transmitting device are matched with the positions of the miniature distance measuring sensor receiving devices in number;
as a further preferred aspect of the present invention, both ends of the inner cylinder are rotatably connected in the outer cylinder through steel rollers, and steel balls of the steel rollers are arranged in the steel rollers;
as a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the probe system includes four probe structures, which are uniformly distributed on a side plate close to the contact point;
as a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the probe card further comprises a probe buckle, wherein a groove is formed on the surface of the outer cylinder wall close to the contact point side, and the probe buckle is installed in the groove, contacts with a spring of the probe system, and presses the spring to be in a compressed state;
a measuring method of a foundation pit deformation measuring device comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: determining the deformation displacement of the foundation pit, horizontally fixing the measuring structure body at the contact point of the foundation pit to be detected through the pre-buried working cement block, pre-applying spring force to the probes of the four probe structures to enable the probes to be in contact with the contact point, and reading out the distances measured by the transmitting device and the receiving device of the micro distance measuring sensor, wherein the distances are L respectively1、L2、L3、L4When the foundation pit is deformed, the probe horizontally moves or stretches along with the deformation of the pit wall, and the distances measured by the miniature distance measuring sensor transmitting device and the miniature distance measuring sensor receiving device at the moment are read out and are respectively l1、l2、l3、l4And measuring the deformation displacement of the foundation pit in four directions at the moment, wherein the deformation displacement is respectively as follows: l1-L1＝a1，l2-L2＝b2，l3-L3＝c3，l4-L4＝d4；
The second step is that: determining an inclination angle, and defining a to-be-measured inclination angle generated by a measuring device along with the horizontal direction of the embedded working cement block as theta1The horizontal length of the inner cylinder is l, and the internal resistance is Ri＝RjR, current magnitude I in initial state1Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0001818973540000021
a horizontal inclination angle theta occurs1Then, the length of the electrode rod immersed in the internal electrolyte is changed, and the current at this time is changed as follows:
Figure BDA0001818973540000022
further obtaining a change in height Δ H of the electrode rod immersed in the electrolyte of
Figure BDA0001818973540000023
Where ρ is the resistivity of the electrode rod, and the dip angle θ is obtained at this time1Is composed of
Figure BDA0001818973540000024
Wherein l is the transverse horizontal length of the inner cylinder;
thirdly, measuring the accurate value of the displacement of each contact point, delta l1、Δl2、Δl3、Δl4Comprises the following steps: Δ l1＝a1×cosθ1，Δl2＝b2×cosθ1，Δl3＝c3×cosθ1，Δl4＝d4×cosθ1。
Through the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the device has a remarkable effect on measuring the deformation of the foundation pit, the horizontal displacement of the foundation pit is measured by the contact of the probe and the contact point, and the measurement error caused by the inclination of the device is reduced by the inclination measuring device.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
Fig. 1 is a left side view of the overall construction of a foundation pit deformation measuring device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line I-I in a left side view of the overall construction of the foundation pit deformation measuring device of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view II-II in the left side view of the overall construction of the foundation pit deformation measuring device of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a working diagram of the foundation pit deformation measuring device according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, which is horizontally fixed by embedding a working cement block;
FIG. 5 is a layout view of a probe according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a detail view of the probe system of the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a detail view of a steel roller according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a current loop formed by immersing the electrode rod of the inclination measuring device in the electrolyte in the preferred embodiment of the invention.
In the figure: 1 is the outer cylinder, 2 is miniature range finding sensor emitter, 3 is the probe, 4 is interior cylinder, 5 is the electrode bar, 6 is the steel roller bearing steel ball, 7 is electrolyte, 8 is miniature range finding sensor receiving arrangement, 9 is the spring, 10 is the little drum of probe system, 11 is the probe buckle, 12 is circular slider, 13 is fixed little round block, 14 is pre-buried work cement piece.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are simplified schematic views illustrating only the basic structure of the present invention in a schematic manner, and thus show only the constitution related to the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1-8, the present invention includes the following features: 1 is the outer cylinder, 2 is miniature range finding sensor emitter, 3 is the probe, 4 is interior cylinder, 5 is the electrode bar, 6 is the steel roller bearing steel ball, 7 is electrolyte, 8 is miniature range finding sensor receiving arrangement, 9 is the spring, 10 is the little drum of probe system, 11 is the probe buckle, 12 is circular slider, 13 is fixed little round block, 14 is pre-buried work cement piece.
The foundation pit deformation measuring device comprises a measuring structure body, wherein a working cement block is embedded to fix the measuring structure body at a contact point close to a foundation pit to be detected, a probe system is arranged on one side of the measuring structure body close to the contact point, and the displacement deformation of the foundation pit is obtained by measuring the distance between a probe of the probe system and the contact point;
the inclination measuring device is rotatably arranged in the measuring structure body and is used for correcting a measuring error caused by inclination of the measuring structure body;
as a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the measuring structure body includes an outer cylinder, wherein a central axis of the outer cylinder is arranged parallel to the ground; the inclination measuring device comprises an inner cylinder which is rotatably arranged in the outer cylinder and is coaxial with the outer cylinder, openings at two ends of the inner cylinder are closed, and electrolyte is filled in the inner cylinder; openings at two ends of the outer cylinder are closed through side plates, a probe system is arranged on the side plate close to the contact point, and an electrode rod is arranged at one end, far away from the probe system, of the inner cylinder and clings to the inner side wall;
as shown in fig. 6, as a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the probe system includes at least one probe structure fixed on a side plate close to the contact point, the probe structure is a small probe system cylinder with openings at two ends, a round block is fixed at a middle position in the small probe system cylinder, one side of the round block opposite to the contact point is connected to one side of a round slider through a spring, the probe is fixed on the other side of the round slider and extends out of the small probe system cylinder, and a micro distance measuring sensor receiving device is fixed on one side of the round block opposite to the contact point; at least one miniature distance measuring sensor transmitting device is arranged on the inner side of the other side plate far away from the contact point, and the positions of the miniature distance measuring sensor transmitting device are matched with the positions of the miniature distance measuring sensor receiving devices in number;
as shown in FIG. 7, as a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, two ends of the inner cylinder are rotatably connected to the inside of the outer cylinder through steel rollers, and steel balls are arranged in the steel rollers;
as a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the probe system includes four probe structures, which are uniformly distributed on a side plate close to the contact point;
as a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the probe card further comprises a probe buckle, wherein a groove is formed on the surface of the outer cylinder wall close to the contact point side, and the probe buckle is installed in the groove, contacts with a spring of the probe system, and presses the spring to be in a compressed state;
a measuring method of a foundation pit deformation measuring device comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: determining the deformation displacement of the foundation pit, horizontally fixing the measuring structure body at the contact point of the foundation pit to be detected through the pre-buried working cement block, pre-applying spring force to the probes of the four probe structures to enable the probes to be in contact with the contact point, and reading out the distances measured by the transmitting device and the receiving device of the micro distance measuring sensor, wherein the distances are L respectively1、L2、L3、L4When the foundation pit is deformed, the probe horizontally moves or stretches along with the deformation of the pit wall, and the distances measured by the miniature distance measuring sensor transmitting device and the miniature distance measuring sensor receiving device at the moment are read out and are respectively l1、l2、l3、l4And measuring the deformation displacement of the foundation pit in four directions at the moment, wherein the deformation displacement is respectively as follows: l1-L1＝a1，l2-L2＝b2，l3-L3＝c3，l4-L4＝d4；
The second step is that: determining an inclination angle, and defining a to-be-measured inclination angle generated by a measuring device along with the horizontal direction of the embedded working cement block as theta1The horizontal length of the inner cylinder is l, and the internal resistance is Ri＝RjR, current magnitude I in initial state1Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0001818973540000041
a horizontal inclination angle theta occurs1Then, the length of the electrode rod immersed in the internal electrolyte is changed, and the current at this time is changed as follows:
Figure BDA0001818973540000051
further obtaining a change in height Δ H of the electrode rod immersed in the electrolyte of
Figure BDA0001818973540000052
Where ρ is the resistivity of the electrode rod, and the dip angle θ is obtained at this time1Is composed of
Figure BDA0001818973540000053
Wherein l is the transverse horizontal length of the inner cylinder;
thirdly, measuring the accurate value of the displacement of each contact point, delta l1、Δl2、Δl3、Δl4Respectively as follows: Δ l1＝a1×cosθ1，Δl2＝b2×cosθ1，Δl3＝c3×cosθ1，Δl4＝d4×cosθ1。
In the embodiment shown in fig. 1-5, the outer cylinder is fixed at the contact point of the foundation pit to be detected by embedding the working cement block, the central shaft is arranged parallel to the ground, the two ends of the inner cylinder are closed, the two ends are rotatably arranged in the outer cylinder through steel rolling shafts and are coaxial with the outer cylinder, electrolyte is filled in the probe system, openings at two ends of the outer cylinder are sealed by side plates, four probe structures are uniformly distributed on the side plate close to the contact point along the circumference, one end of the inner cylinder far away from the probe system is tightly attached to the inner side wall to install electrode bars, as shown in figure 6, the probe structure is a small cylinder of the probe system with openings at two ends, a round block is fixed in the middle of the small cylinder of the probe system, one side of the round block, which is opposite to the contact point, is connected with one side of a round sliding block through a spring, the probe is fixed on the other side of the round sliding block and extends out of the small cylinder of the probe system, and a micro distance measuring sensor receiving device is fixed on one side of the round block, which is opposite to the contact point; four miniature distance measuring sensor emitting devices are arranged on the inner side of the other side plate far away from the contact point, and the positions of the miniature distance measuring sensor emitting devices are matched with the positions of the miniature distance measuring sensor receiving devices in number; a groove is formed in the surface of the outer cylinder wall close to the contact point side, a probe buckle is installed in the groove and is in contact with a spring of a probe system, and the spring is pressed to be in a compressed state;
as shown in FIG. 7, as a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, two ends of the inner cylinder are rotatably connected to the inside of the outer cylinder through steel rollers, and steel balls are arranged in the steel rollers;
the measuring method based on the foundation pit deformation measuring device comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: determining the deformation displacement of the foundation pit, horizontally fixing the measuring structure body at the contact point of the foundation pit to be detected through an embedded working cement block, defining a probe which is arranged on a side plate close to the contact point and is positioned at the topmost part of the position in figure 5 as a, defining other four probes as d, b and c in the clockwise direction by taking the a as a starting point, pre-applying spring force to the probes of the four probe structures to enable the probes to be in contact with the contact point, reading the distances measured by a transmitting device of the micro distance measuring sensor and a receiving device of the micro distance measuring sensor, wherein the distances are L respectively1、L2、L3、L4When the foundation pit is deformed, the probe horizontally moves or stretches along with the deformation of the pit wall, and the distances measured by the miniature distance measuring sensor transmitting device and the miniature distance measuring sensor receiving device at the moment are read out and are respectively l1、l2、l3、l4And measuring the deformation displacement of the foundation pit in four directions, wherein the deformation displacement of the foundation pit towards the outside of the pit is defined as: l1-L1＝a1，l2-L2＝b2And the deformation displacement of the foundation pit into the pit is defined as: l3-L3＝c3，l4-L4＝d4；
The second step is that: determining an inclination angle, in order to reduce a measurement error caused by the horizontal inclination of the whole measuring device, the inclination measuring device measures the change of the inclination angle of the whole measuring device by the change of the current caused by the change of the immersion length of the electrode rod in the electrolyte, and as shown in fig. 8, defining a to-be-measured inclination angle generated by the measuring device along the horizontal direction of the embedded working cement block as theta1The horizontal length of the inner cylinder is l, and the internal resistance is Ri＝RjR, current magnitude I in initial state1Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0001818973540000061
a horizontal inclination angle theta occurs1Then, the length of the electrode rod immersed in the internal electrolyteThe current changes to:
Figure BDA0001818973540000062
further obtaining a change in height Δ H of the electrode rod immersed in the electrolyte of
Figure BDA0001818973540000063
Where ρ is the resistivity of the electrode rod, and the dip angle θ is obtained at this time1Is composed of
Figure BDA0001818973540000064
Wherein l is the transverse horizontal length of the inner cylinder;
thirdly, measuring the accurate displacement values of the four contact points, delta l1、Δl2、Δl3、Δl4Respectively as follows: Δ l1＝a1×cosθ1，Δl2＝b2×cosθ1，Δl3＝c3×cosθ1，Δl4＝d4×cosθ1。
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
The meaning of "and/or" as used herein is intended to include both the individual components or both.
The term "connected" as used herein may mean either a direct connection between components or an indirect connection between components via other components.
In light of the foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content of the specification, and must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims (5)

1. The utility model provides a foundation ditch deformation measuring device which characterized in that: the measuring structure comprises a measuring structure body, wherein a working cement block is pre-buried to fix the measuring structure body at a contact point close to a foundation pit to be detected, a probe system is arranged on one side of the measuring structure body close to the contact point, and displacement deformation of the foundation pit is obtained by measuring the distance between a probe of the probe system and the contact point;
the inclination measuring device is rotatably arranged in the measuring structure body and is used for correcting a measuring error caused by inclination of the measuring structure body;
the measuring structure body comprises an outer cylinder, wherein the central axis of the outer cylinder is arranged in parallel with the ground; the inclination measuring device comprises an inner cylinder which is rotatably arranged in the outer cylinder and is coaxial with the outer cylinder, openings at two ends of the inner cylinder are closed, and electrolyte is filled in the inner cylinder; openings at two ends of the outer cylinder are closed through side plates, a probe system is arranged on the side plate close to the contact point, and an electrode rod is arranged at one end, far away from the probe system, of the inner cylinder and clings to the inner side wall;
the probe system comprises at least one probe structure which is fixed on a side plate close to a contact point side, the probe structure is a probe system small cylinder with openings at two ends, a round block is fixed at the middle position in the probe system small cylinder, one side of the round block, which is opposite to the contact point, is connected with one side of a round sliding block through a spring, the probe is fixed at the other side of the round sliding block and extends out of the probe system small cylinder, and a micro distance measuring sensor receiving device is fixed on one side of the round block, which is opposite to the contact point; at least one miniature distance measuring sensor transmitting device is installed on the inner side of the other side plate far away from the contact point, and the positions of the miniature distance measuring sensor transmitting device and the miniature distance measuring sensor receiving device are matched in number.
2. The foundation pit deformation measuring device according to claim 1, wherein: two ends of the inner cylinder are rotatably connected in the outer cylinder through steel rolling shafts, and steel balls of the steel rolling shafts are distributed in the steel rolling shafts.
3. The foundation pit deformation measuring device according to claim 1, wherein: the probe system comprises four probe structures which are uniformly distributed on a side plate close to the contact point.
4. The foundation pit deformation measuring device according to claim 1, wherein: the probe clamping device is characterized by further comprising a probe clamp, wherein a groove is formed in the surface of the outer cylinder wall close to the contact point side, the probe clamp is installed in the groove and is in contact with a spring of a probe system, and the spring is pressed to be in a compression state.
5. A measuring method based on the foundation pit deformation measuring device provided by claim 3, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: determining the deformation displacement of the foundation pit, horizontally fixing the measuring structure body at the contact point of the foundation pit to be detected through the pre-buried working cement block, pre-applying spring force to the probes of the four probe structures to enable the probes to be in contact with the contact point, and reading out the distances measured by the transmitting device and the receiving device of the micro distance measuring sensor, wherein the distances are L respectively1、L2、L3、L4When the foundation pit is deformed, the probe horizontally moves or stretches along with the deformation of the pit wall, and the distances measured by the miniature distance measuring sensor transmitting device and the miniature distance measuring sensor receiving device at the moment are read out and are respectively l1、l2、l3、l4And measuring the deformation displacement of the foundation pit in four directions at the moment, wherein the deformation displacement is respectively as follows: l1-L1＝a1，l2-L2＝b2，l3-L3＝c3，l4-L4＝d4；
The second step is that: determining an inclination angle, and defining a to-be-measured inclination angle generated by a measuring device along with the horizontal direction of the embedded working cement block as theta1The horizontal length of the inner cylinder is l, and the internal resistance includes RiAnd Rj，RjIs the resistance of the electrode rod, R in the initial statei＝RjR, current magnitude I in initial state1Comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0002536356560000021
a horizontal inclination angle theta occurs1Then, the length of the electrode rod immersed in the internal electrolyte is changed, and the current at this time is changed as follows:
Figure FDA0002536356560000025
Rj' is the resistance after the length of the electrode rod is changed, and further obtains the height change Delta H of the electrode rod immersed in the electrolyte
Figure FDA0002536356560000023
Where ρ is the resistivity of the electrode rod, and the dip angle θ is obtained at this time1Is composed of
Figure FDA0002536356560000024
Wherein l is the transverse horizontal length of the inner cylinder;
thirdly, measuring the accurate value of the displacement of each contact point, delta l1、Δl2、Δl3、Δl4Comprises the following steps: Δ l1＝a1×cosθ1，Δl2＝b2×cosθ1，Δl3＝c3×cosθ1，Δl4＝d4×cosθ1。
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