CN109184765B - Detachable hydraulic anchor rod capable of yielding and releasing energy in steady state and supporting method thereof - Google Patents
Detachable hydraulic anchor rod capable of yielding and releasing energy in steady state and supporting method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109184765B CN109184765B CN201810880036.1A CN201810880036A CN109184765B CN 109184765 B CN109184765 B CN 109184765B CN 201810880036 A CN201810880036 A CN 201810880036A CN 109184765 B CN109184765 B CN 109184765B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- hydraulic
- anchor rod
- constant
- piston
- resistance
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000009421 Myristica fragrans Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 electricity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001115 mace Substances 0.000 description 1
- PYLLWONICXJARP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese silicon Chemical compound [Si].[Mn] PYLLWONICXJARP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003781 tooth socket Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0093—Accessories
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a detachable hydraulic anchor rod capable of yielding and releasing energy in a stable state and a supporting method thereof, wherein the anchor rod comprises an anchor rod body and a hydraulic constant resistance device, the hydraulic constant resistance device comprises a hydraulic cylinder barrel and a piston, the piston divides the front part and the rear part of the hydraulic cylinder barrel into a cavity and a hydraulic oil cavity, a telescopic transmission shaft is arranged in the cavity along the axial direction of the hydraulic cylinder barrel, a connecting rod is fixedly arranged in the hydraulic oil cavity along the reverse extension direction of the telescopic transmission shaft, the farthest end of the connecting rod penetrates through an orifice of a hydraulic cylinder and is in threaded connection with the front end of the anchor rod body, the connecting rod is in sealed sleeve joint with the orifice of the hydraulic cylinder, an automatic liquid discharging device is arranged near the orifice of the hydraulic cylinder, a liquid injection device is also arranged on the. The connecting rod drives the piston to slide towards the hydraulic oil cavity, so that the telescopic transmission shaft extends along with the movement of the piston, the constant-resistance large-deformation yielding energy release is realized, and the anchor rod can be detached after being used, and is convenient to reuse.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mine support, and particularly relates to a detachable hydraulic anchor rod capable of yielding and releasing energy in a steady state and a support method of the anchor rod.
Background
Underground engineering excavation such as roadway cave destroys the stress balance state of the original rock and damages the surrounding rock, the surrounding rock moves and deforms under the action of concentrated stress, and the unstable engineering damage is easily caused if effective supporting is not carried out in time. Practice shows that compared with passive support modes such as shed support (U-shaped steel and I-shaped steel) and bricklaying support, the anchor rod support can obviously improve the stability of surrounding rocks due to active prestress application, and has the advantages of simple operation, low labor intensity and low cost, thereby being widely applied on site. Deep mining has become a new norm for mining development as the exploitation of shallow resources is depleted. However, environmental features such as high deep stress, strong disturbance and strong aging, and disasters such as rock burst (rock burst) and large deformation derived from the environmental features, present a serious challenge to conventional rigid bolting.
According to the existing actual measurement results, the ground stress of the super-kilometer deep-buried engineering reaches 50-135 MPa, the maximum deformation of the soft rock surrounding rock exceeds 500mm, and the elastic energy storage of the hard rock reaches 105J/m3The above. Therefore, the rheological property of deep soft rock and the rock burst tendency of hard rock require that the anchor rod not only has enough elongation rate to coordinate large deformation of surrounding rock, but also has certain impact resistance to slowly release high-elasticity energy storage of the surrounding rock. Therefore, Cone anchor rods, Garford anchor rods, Durabar anchor rods, Yielding Secura anchor rods, Roofex anchor rods, Mace anchor rods and the like are developed in succession abroad, and some anchor rods for controlling surrounding rock large deformation, rock explosion prevention and other disasters are also developed domestically and comprise energy absorption (release) anchor rods, pressure Yielding anchor rods, impact prevention anchor rods, large deformation anchor rods, constant resistance anchor rods and the like. However, these anchor rods mainly realize extension (generally less than 200mm) in different degrees through principles such as elastic-plastic deformation and sliding friction of members such as rod bodies, and the like, and the support resistance often shows the characteristics of resistance increase or resistance reduction, so that the double characteristics of constant resistance and large deformation cannot be really realized, the purpose of steady state yielding and energy release cannot be achieved, and the anchor rods are extremely easy to damage or lose efficacy in the using process. For example, chinese patent publication No. CN101858225A discloses a constant-resistance large-deformation anchor rod, which is deformed by friction sliding between a built-in thread structure of a constant-resistance device and a rod body, and is subject to the stress of non-uniform surrounding rock, so that the constant-resistance device is difficult to generate uniform elastic deformation in the radial direction of the full-length range and to maintain the constant-resistance characteristic. CN107227967A discloses a constant-resistance large-deformation yielding anchor rod or anchor cable, when the end part is anchored, the first-stage constant-resistance hydraulic device is not fixed in the drill hole and can not run, when the stress of the anchor rod reaches the designated working tension of the second-stage constant-resistance yielding device, the first-stage constant-resistance hydraulic device moves together with the anchor rod (cable), so that the yielding function can not be exerted, and the second-stage constant-resistance yielding device and the anchor rod (cable) are yielded by friction sliding, so that the impact dynamic load lower pole is impactedThe volatile effect is destroyed. Other related patents, such as CN203531938U, CN102286975A, CN107893673A and CN103603685A, all have the above drawbacks, and are difficult to satisfy the safety requirements of deep-buried engineering.
In addition, the existing stock in mine is mostly disposable consumptive material, and the unable dismantlement of tunnel cave abandonment back is retrieved, causes a large amount of wasting of resources and potential safety hazard. Therefore, the development of a novel anchor rod which can adapt to the large deformation of the deep surrounding rock, inhibit the transient release of elastic strain energy and be recycled is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems in the prior art, a first object of the present invention is to provide a detachable hydraulic anchor rod capable of steady state yielding and energy releasing, wherein a connecting rod drives a piston to slide towards a hydraulic oil cavity, so that a telescopic transmission shaft extends along with the movement of the piston, and an automatic liquid discharging device automatically discharges liquid when the hydraulic oil cavity is extruded, so as to achieve steady state yielding and energy releasing with constant resistance and large deformation, and the detachable hydraulic anchor rod has a simple structure, is convenient to operate, and can be repeatedly used for many times. Another object of the invention is to provide a bolting method which is low cost and efficient.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a detachable hydraulic anchor rod capable of yielding and releasing energy in a stable state comprises an anchor rod body and a hydraulic constant-resistance device, wherein the hydraulic constant-resistance device comprises a hydraulic cylinder barrel and a piston which is sleeved in the hydraulic cylinder barrel in a sealing mode and can move freely back and forth, the front space and the rear space of the piston respectively correspond to a cavity and two cavities of a hydraulic oil cavity, a telescopic transmission shaft is arranged in the cavity along the axial direction of the hydraulic cylinder barrel, one end of the telescopic transmission shaft is fixedly connected with the front end face of the piston, the other end of the telescopic transmission shaft is fixedly arranged on the other inner side face, opposite to the front end face of the piston, in the cavity, the rear end face of the piston is fixedly provided with a connecting rod along the reverse extension direction of the telescopic transmission shaft, the farthest end of the connecting rod penetrates through a hydraulic cylinder orifice arranged at, the piston is driven by the connecting rod to slide towards the hydraulic oil cavity, so that the telescopic transmission shaft extends along with the movement of the piston, and meanwhile, the automatic liquid discharging device automatically discharges liquid when the hydraulic oil cavity is extruded, so that constant resistance and large deformation are realized to give way to pressure and release energy; the hydraulic cylinder column barrel is also provided with a liquid injection device which is used for supplementing hydraulic oil into the hydraulic oil cavity; the anchor rod body rear end is fixed with the stirring head, and the fixed tight end that sets up in pneumatic cylinder column casing front end makes the connecting rod separate with the anchor rod body of anchoring in the drilling through at tight end loading external force to demolish the hydraulic pressure constant resistance device, still include by setting gradually at the anterior nut of pneumatic cylinder column casing and tray after going to.
Preferably, a manual liquid discharging device is further arranged on the hydraulic cylinder column casing. More preferably, the automatic tapping device, the liquid injection device and the manual tapping device are integrated into a three-way valve, which corresponds to a safety valve, a one-way valve and an unloading valve of the three-way valve respectively.
Preferably, the most distal end of the connecting rod is in threaded connection with the front end of the anchor rod body. More preferably, the anchor rod further comprises a connecting sleeve, the farthest end of the connecting rod is in threaded connection with the front end of the anchor rod body through the connecting sleeve, the most preferred scheme is that the connecting sleeve is fixed at the front end of the anchor rod body, a threaded structure is arranged in the connecting sleeve, and the farthest end of the connecting rod is correspondingly provided with an external thread matched with the internal thread of the connecting sleeve.
Preferably, the energy absorbing plate is arranged in front of the cylinder barrel and adjacent to the rear side of the pallet, and is preferably made of foamed aluminum material.
Preferably, at least 2O-shaped sealing rings are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the piston.
Preferably, the telescopic drive shaft comprises a plurality of sections of shaft joints, each of which is splined.
Preferably, the head and tail parts of the positions where the splines of the adjacent shaft joints are located are respectively and correspondingly subjected to diameter changing treatment.
Preferably, the stirring head is in a twist shape.
A supporting method of a detachable hydraulic anchor rod capable of yielding pressure and releasing energy in a steady state comprises the following steps:
(S1) drilling a supporting borehole adaptive to the working environment and the hydraulic constant-resistance device according to the measured hole distribution position, and cleaning the borehole;
(S2) injecting liquid into the hydraulic constant resistance device through the liquid injection device until the designed pressure is reached;
(S3) assembling the anchor rod;
(S4) filling an anchoring agent into a drilled hole, then pushing the drilled hole into an assembled anchor rod, screwing a nut after the anchoring agent at the bottom of the hole is solidified, applying pretightening force to a hydraulic constant-resistance device to keep the hydraulic constant-resistance device at a certain working resistance, when the deformation force of the deep surrounding rock exceeds the working resistance, transmitting the pulling force borne by the rod body of the anchor rod to a piston through a connecting rod and driving the piston to extrude and slide towards a hydraulic oil cavity, triggering an automatic liquid discharging device to automatically discharge liquid and relieve pressure, and simultaneously extending a telescopic transmission shaft along with the movement of the piston to realize constant-resistance energy release and automatically adapt to the deformation of the surrounding rock;
(S5) after the underground engineering activity is finished, disassembling the nut, the tray and the hydraulic constant-resistance device, and sorting and stacking for reuse.
Preferably, the step (S5) further includes an operation of manually unloading the residual hydraulic oil in the detached hydraulic constant resistance device, so as to improve the storage and use safety of the hydraulic constant resistance device.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) in the process of bolting, the automatic liquid discharging device can automatically discharge liquid when a hydraulic oil cavity is extruded, so that the pressure in the cavity is kept constant, the automatic liquid discharging device is effectively combined with hydraulic damping and telescopic transmission, the adjustability of the telescopic quantity, the shock resistance and the working resistance of the hydraulic constant-resistance device is improved, the device can adapt to and control the deformation of surrounding rocks under the condition of keeping the supporting strength unchanged, high-elasticity energy storage in the surrounding rocks is released in a stable state, the constant-resistance large deformation of the bolting is realized, the device can be used for controlling the deformation of the surrounding rocks of the mine roadway and effectively releasing energy, has better supporting effect and power type disaster prevention and control capability for tunnels, slopes, dam bodies and the like in traffic engineering, and can be combined with the supporting modes of metal nets, concrete and the like to carry out anchor net supporting, anchor spray supporting, anchor net spray supporting and the like on rock-soil bodies.
(2) The anchor rod body and the hydraulic constant-resistance device are in threaded connection and can be detached after use, and the liquid injection device can repeatedly supplement liquid and is convenient to reuse.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a hydraulic constant resistance device;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a retractable transmission shaft;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 3;
fig. 5 is a sectional view B-B of fig. 3.
In the figure: 1-a hydraulic constant-resistance device, 2-an anchor rod body, 3-a stirring head, 4-a connecting sleeve, 5-a fastening end, 6-a nut, 7-a tray, 8-an energy absorption plate, 11-a hydraulic cylinder barrel, 111-a cavity, 112-a hydraulic oil cavity, 113-a hydraulic oil cylinder orifice, 1131-a second sealing ring and 114-a first external thread; 12-telescopic transmission shaft, 121-first shaft joint, 122-second shaft joint, 123-third shaft joint, 1201-internal spline, 1202-external spline, 13-piston, 131-first sealing ring, 14-connecting rod, 141-second external thread; 15-three-way valve.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1-5, a preferred embodiment of the present invention is a detachable hydraulic anchor rod capable of steady state yielding and releasing energy. The method specifically comprises the following steps: nut 6, tray 7, energy-absorbing board 8, adapter sleeve 4, the stock body of rod 2, stirring head 3 and hydraulic pressure constant resistance device 1.
The connecting sleeve 4 and the stirring head 3 are respectively welded at the front end and the rear end of the anchor rod body 2, in the embodiment, the stirring head 3 is in a twist shape, the contact area with the anchoring agent is increased, the rapid stirring of the anchoring agent and the coupling of the anchoring agent and the rod body are facilitated, and the anchoring force between the rear end of the anchor rod body 2 and surrounding rock is improved. An internal thread is arranged at one end of the connecting sleeve 4 far away from the stirring head 3 and is used for being in threaded connection with the rear end of the hydraulic constant-resistance device 1.
The hydraulic constant-resistance device 1 comprises a hydraulic cylinder column 11, a piston 13, a telescopic transmission shaft 12 and a connecting rod 14, and further comprises an automatic liquid discharging device, a liquid injection device and a manual liquid discharging device which are integrated into a three-way valve 15, wherein the automatic liquid discharging device, the liquid injection device and the manual liquid discharging device respectively correspond to a safety valve, a one-way valve and an unloading valve in the three-way valve 15. The three-way valve 15 is arranged on the hydraulic cylinder column barrel 11 close to the orifice 113 of the hydraulic cylinder, wherein the one-way valve is used for injecting high-pressure anti-wear hydraulic oil into the hydraulic oil cavity 112, and the injection oil pressure is set according to the working resistance; the safety valve is used for keeping constant-resistance working characteristics, and when the surrounding rock is greatly deformed or the energy of the surrounding rock is suddenly released, the stable sliding of the piston 13 can be realized through slow liquid discharge of the safety valve, and the constant working resistance is kept; after the hydraulic constant-resistance device 1 is dismantled, hydraulic oil is discharged through the unloading valve, so that the safety of the hydraulic constant-resistance device 1 is ensured, and the maintenance is facilitated. The piston 13 is sleeved in the hydraulic cylinder barrel 11 in a sealing mode, the hydraulic cylinder barrel 11 is divided into a cavity 111 and a hydraulic oil cavity 112, the cavity 111 is vacuum and is located in the front space of the piston 13, and high-pressure anti-wear hydraulic oil is filled in the hydraulic oil cavity 112 and is located in the rear space of the piston 13. The front end face and the rear end face of the piston 13 are respectively welded with a telescopic transmission shaft 12 and a connecting rod 14 along the axial direction of the hydraulic cylinder, and two first sealing rings 131 are arranged along the annular direction of the piston 13 at intervals. The connecting rod 14 is arranged in the reverse extending direction of the telescopic transmission shaft 12, the farthest end of the connecting rod 14 is correspondingly provided with a second external thread 141 matched with the internal thread of the connecting sleeve 4, the connecting rod 14 penetrates through the hydraulic oil cylinder hole 113 and then is in threaded connection with the connecting sleeve 4, the second sealing ring 1131 is arranged at the position of the hydraulic oil cylinder hole 113, and the first sealing ring and the second sealing ring are both O-shaped sealing rings, so that the sealing performance of the hydraulic oil cavity 112 can be effectively guaranteed. It should be noted that the O-ring is only one embodiment of the present invention, and the sliding connection may be realized by other methods such as disposing a copper layer at the interface.
In this embodiment, the retractable transmission shaft 12 includes three sections, namely a first shaft joint 121, a second shaft joint 122, and a third shaft joint 123, a front end of the first shaft joint 121 is welded to the foremost side surface in the cavity 111, and a rear end of the third shaft joint 123 is welded to the front end surface of the piston 13. The front end of the hydraulic cylinder column barrel 11 is welded with a fastening end 5 for loading external force, and the external force is loaded on the fastening end 5 to separate the connecting rod 14 from the anchor rod body 2 anchored in the drill hole, so that the hydraulic constant-resistance device 1 is detached from the drill hole after anchor rod supporting is completed. The structure of the fastening end 5 is not particularly limited, and the existing part which is convenient for bearing external force, such as a hexagonal head or a square head, can be adopted, on the other hand, the detachable connection mode of the connecting rod and the anchor rod body is not limited, the embodiment adopts the threaded connection, so as to meet the connection strength and reduce the processing cost, and besides, various modes, such as rotary clamping or press clamping or combination of the bayonet bulb and the lamp holder, can be adopted. The foremost end of the hydraulic cylinder column tube 11 is provided with a first external thread 114, the energy absorption plate 8 with the through hole and the tray 7 are sequentially sleeved at the front part of the hydraulic cylinder column tube 11 from back to front, and the nut 6 is screwed on the first external thread 114 and is adjacent to the front side of the tray 7 to complete the assembly of the anchor rod. The energy absorption plate 8 is preferably made of foamed aluminum material, and has the advantages of low density, strong impact resistance, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and the like. The telescopic transmission shaft 12 stretches along with the movement of the piston 13, the rotating torque acted on the nut 6 or the fastening end 5 by the anchor rod machine is sequentially transmitted to the piston 13 and the connecting rod 14, so that the installation or the disassembly of the anchor rod is respectively realized, in addition, in the anchor rod supporting process, the deformation force of the deep surrounding rock is transmitted to the piston 13 from the anchor rod body 2 through the connecting rod 14 and drives the piston 13 to extrude and slide towards the hydraulic oil cavity 112, at the moment, the safety valve slowly discharges liquid, so that the telescopic transmission shaft 12 extends along with the movement of the piston 13, and the constant-resistance deformation in the supporting process is realized. For improving the flexible volume of stock to prevent that adjacent coupling from breaking away from in flexible in-process tooth socket, each coupling all sets up the spline on length direction, and adjacent coupling head and the tail part corresponds respectively and carries out reducing processing. In practical application, the number and the length of the sections of the transmission shaft joints are set as required, and then the telescopic amount of the anchor rod is regulated and controlled to meet the design requirement. If the length of each section is 20-40 cm, the expansion amount of the anchor rod can reach more than 120cm through reasonable matching of the outer diameter of the shaft joint and the number of sections.
The larger the sectional area of the hydraulic oil cavity is, the smaller the required liquid injection pressure is, the more favorable the long-term safe use of the hydraulic constant-resistance device is, and the sectional area of the hydraulic oil cavity is determined by the diameter difference between the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder and the connecting rod, so that on the premise of meeting the design requirement, the radial size of the hydraulic constant-resistance device can be properly increased or the diameter of the connecting rod can be reduced, correspondingly, the hole diameter of a drill hole changes along with the change of the outer diameter of the hydraulic constant-resistance device in the same direction, and particularly, the optimal hole diameter is 4-10 mm.
The specific application of this preferred embodiment will be described below by taking an embodiment as an example.
In this scheme, the stock body of rod 2 is the good levogyration of extensibility does not have and indulges rib screw-thread steel stock, and length 1.0 ~ 1.8m specifically determines according to surrounding rock looseness circle thickness. The diameter of the cross section of the anchor rod body 2 is 18mm, the length of the twisted stirring head is 15-30 cm, and the left-handed twisted twisting angle is 540 degrees/mm. The anchor rod body and the twisted stirring head are made of Q235 common steel. The length of the connecting sleeve 5 is 10cm, the inner diameter is 18mm, and full-length threads are arranged in the connecting sleeve, so that the connecting force of the connecting rod 14 and the connecting sleeve 5 is greater than the ultimate tensile strength of the anchor rod body.
In the hydraulic constant-resistance device 1, the hydraulic cylinder barrel 11 is 90cm long, the outer diameter is 48mm, the wall thickness is 5mm, the diameter of the piston 13 is 38mm, the thickness is 20mm, the circumferential groove depth is 5mm, an O-shaped sealing ring is arranged in the circumferential groove depth, the length of the connecting rod is 70-90 cm, the length of the external thread section is 10cm, the diameter of the connecting rod 14 is consistent with that of the anchor rod body 2, the length of the external thread is 10cm is arranged at the foremost end of the hydraulic cylinder barrel 11, the hexagonal head is adopted at the fastening end, the nominal diameter. High-pressure anti-wear hydraulic oil is injected into the hydraulic oil cavity 112 through the three-way valve 15, and the theoretical working resistance generated by the constant-resistance hydraulic device can be calculated to be 150-250 kN according to the yield strength of the material of the hydraulic constant-resistance device. In practical application, the diameters of the anchor rod body 2 and the connecting rod are not limited to the above dimensions, and the diameters of the anchor rod body 2 and the connecting rod can be changed according to different outer diameters of the drilling hole and the hydraulic constant-resistance device, for example, the common dimensions of mines are 16 mm, 18mm, 20mm and 22mm, of course, the diameter of the connecting rod and the anchor rod body can be different, under the condition of the same working resistance, the effective sectional area in a hydraulic oil cavity can be increased by designing the diameter of the connecting rod to be smaller or designing the diameter of a cylinder barrel of a hydraulic cylinder to be larger, and the service life of the hydraulic constant-resistance device is prevented from.
In order to enable connection stress to be uniform, 3 sections of transmission shaft joints are connected through rectangular splines, the length of each transmission shaft joint is 30cm, the telescopic quantity is 60cm, the first shaft joint 121 only comprises an internal spline 1201, the wall thickness is 5mm, the third shaft joint 123 is a solid column comprising an external spline 1202, and the diameter variation of the head and tail parts of adjacent shaft joints is 1-2 mm. The nut 6 is an M48 hexagon nut, and the connection strength of the nut and the hydraulic constant-resistance device 1 is greater than the tensile strength of the anchor rod body. The tray 7 is a metal butterfly tray, the size is 120mm multiplied by 10mm, and the diameter of the central circular through hole is 60 mm. The foamed aluminum energy absorption plate has the dimensions of 200mm multiplied by 40mm, and the diameter of a central circular through hole is 60 mm.
In order to meet the performance requirements of wear resistance, durability, pressure resistance and corrosion resistance, the O-shaped sealing ring is made of a nano ceramic material, and a metal component of the hydraulic constant-resistance device is cast by a brand-new 27 silicon-manganese material.
The support method of the anchor rod comprises the following steps:
(S1) preparing equipment for rock drilling, supporting and the like, connecting required pipelines for water, electricity, gas and the like after the equipment is in place on site, marking a hole position according to a position surveyed in advance, drilling a circular drilled hole with the diameter of 56mm by using an anchor rod drilling machine, designing the drilling depth and the length of an anchor rod according to the thickness of a specific surrounding rock loosening ring, adapting the diameter of the drilled hole to the outer diameter of a hydraulic constant-resistance device, preferably 4-10 mm larger than the outer diameter of the hydraulic constant-resistance device, and after the drilling is finished, cleaning rock debris in the hole by using high-pressure air and checking the quality of the formed hole;
(S2) injecting liquid into the hydraulic constant-resistance device through the three-way valve until the design pressure is reached;
(S3) assembling the anchor rod body, the hydraulic constant-resistance device, the energy absorption plate, the tray and the nut into the anchor rod according to the structure;
(S4) after 2-3 rolls of resin or cement mortar anchoring agent are loaded into the drill hole at a preset position according to an end anchoring mode, the assembled anchor rod is pushed into the drill hole through a nut by means of an anchor rod machine and the anchoring agent is stirred for 20-30S, and after the hole bottom anchoring agent is solidified, the nut on the hydraulic constant-resistance device is screwed down to apply a certain pretightening force to the hole bottom anchoring agent;
(S5) after underground engineering such as tunnel cave is abandoned, an anchor rod nut, a tray and an energy absorption plate are sequentially disassembled by an anchor rod drilling machine, the fastening end is rotated, torque is transmitted to the connecting sleeve through the telescopic transmission rod, the piston and the connecting rod, the hydraulic constant-resistance device is separated from the anchor rod body, then liquid is discharged from the hydraulic constant-resistance device, and members are dismantled and classified to be stacked for reuse and maintenance.
In the normal supporting process of the anchor rod, when the deformation force of the deep surrounding rock exceeds the rated working resistance of the hydraulic constant-resistance device, the pulling force borne by the rod body of the anchor rod is transmitted to the piston through the connecting rod and drives the piston to extrude and slide towards the hydraulic oil cavity, and at the moment, the three-way valve slowly unloads hydraulic yielding pressure along with the sliding of the piston, so that the anchor rod keeps constant working resistance and continuously adapts to and controls the deformation of the surrounding rock along with the automatic extension of the hydraulic constant-resistance device until the piston slides to the orifice of the hydraulic oil cylinder; when high elastic energy storage in deep surrounding rock is suddenly released, impact energy acting on the anchor rod body is transferred to high-pressure anti-wear hydraulic oil in the hydraulic oil cavity to be buffered and absorbed. When the energy is large and the buffer is difficult to be completely realized, the piston slides rapidly under the dynamic load and compresses the hydraulic oil cavity, and the three-way valve automatically discharges the liquid to realize the stable release of the energy. Meanwhile, part of energy is transmitted to the energy absorption plate outside the hole to be absorbed in a buffering mode, and the anchor rod tray outside the hole and the nut are prevented from being damaged by impact.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limited thereto, and any modification or equivalent replacement without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a stable state lets detachable hydraulic pressure stock of pressure release, includes the stock body of rod and the constant resistance device of hydraulic pressure, its characterized in that:
the hydraulic constant-resistance device comprises a hydraulic cylinder barrel and a piston which is sleeved in the hydraulic cylinder barrel in a sealing manner and can freely move back and forth, the front space and the rear space of the piston respectively correspond to a cavity and a hydraulic oil cavity, a telescopic transmission shaft is arranged in the cavity along the axial direction of the hydraulic cylinder barrel, one end of the telescopic transmission shaft is fixedly connected with the front end surface of the piston, the other end of the telescopic transmission shaft is fixedly arranged at the other inner side surface opposite to the front end surface of the piston in the cavity, a connecting rod is fixedly arranged at the rear end surface of the piston along the reverse extension direction of the telescopic transmission shaft, the farthest end of the connecting rod penetrates through a hydraulic oil cylinder orifice arranged at the tail end of the hydraulic cylinder barrel and is detachably connected with the front end of an anchor rod body, the connecting rod is sleeved with the orifice of the hydraulic oil cylinder in a sealing manner, an automatic liquid discharging device is, the constant-resistance large-deformation yielding energy release is realized, and the column cylinder of the hydraulic cylinder is also provided with a liquid injection device for supplementing hydraulic oil into the hydraulic oil cavity;
the hydraulic constant-resistance device is characterized in that a stirring head is fixedly arranged at the rear end of the anchor rod body, a fastening end is fixedly arranged at the front end of the hydraulic cylinder column casing, the connecting rod is separated from the anchor rod body anchored in the drilled hole by loading external force on the fastening end, so that the hydraulic constant-resistance device is removed, and the hydraulic constant-resistance device also comprises a nut and a tray which are sequentially arranged at the front part of the hydraulic cylinder column casing from front to back;
the telescopic transmission shaft comprises a plurality of shaft joints, and the shaft joints are in key joint through splines.
2. The steady state yield energy release detachable hydraulic anchor rod is characterized in that a manual liquid discharging device is further arranged on the hydraulic cylinder column barrel.
3. The detachable hydraulic anchor rod capable of yielding pressure and releasing energy in a steady state according to claim 2, wherein the automatic liquid discharging device, the liquid injecting device and the manual liquid discharging device are integrated into a three-way valve, which corresponds to a safety valve, a one-way valve and an unloading valve in the three-way valve respectively.
4. The steady state yield energy release detachable hydraulic anchor rod of claim 1, wherein the farthest end of the connecting rod is in threaded connection with the front end of the anchor rod body.
5. The steady-state yielding and energy-releasing detachable hydraulic anchor rod as claimed in claim 4, further comprising a connecting sleeve, wherein the farthest end of the connecting rod is in threaded connection with the front end of the anchor rod body through the connecting sleeve.
6. The steady state yield energy release detachable hydraulic anchor rod is characterized by further comprising an energy absorption plate arranged at the front part of the hydraulic cylinder column barrel and adjacent to the rear side of the tray.
7. The detachable hydraulic anchor rod capable of yielding and releasing energy in a steady state according to claim 1, is characterized in that the head and tail parts of the positions where adjacent shaft joint splines are located are respectively and correspondingly subjected to diameter-reducing treatment.
8. The steady state yield energy release detachable hydraulic anchor rod as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stirring head is twist-shaped.
9. A supporting method of a detachable hydraulic anchor rod capable of yielding pressure and releasing energy in a steady state is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(S1) drilling a supporting borehole adapted to the working environment and the hydraulic constant resistance device according to the measured hole arrangement position, and cleaning the borehole;
(S2) injecting liquid into the hydraulic constant resistance device through the liquid injection device until the designed pressure is reached;
(S3) assembling the anchor rod;
(S4) filling an anchoring agent into a drilled hole, then pushing the drilled hole into an assembled anchor rod, screwing a nut after the anchoring agent at the bottom of the hole is solidified, applying pretightening force to the hydraulic constant-resistance device to keep a certain working resistance, when the deformation force of the deep surrounding rock exceeds the working resistance, transmitting the pulling force borne by the rod body of the anchor rod to a piston through a connecting rod and driving the piston to extrude and slide towards a hydraulic oil cavity, triggering an automatic liquid discharging device to automatically discharge liquid and relieve pressure, and simultaneously extending a telescopic transmission shaft along with the movement of the piston to realize constant-resistance energy release and automatically adapt to the deformation of the surrounding rock;
(S5) after the underground engineering activity is finished, disassembling the nut, the tray and the hydraulic constant-resistance device, and sorting and stacking for reuse.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810880036.1A CN109184765B (en) | 2018-08-03 | 2018-08-03 | Detachable hydraulic anchor rod capable of yielding and releasing energy in steady state and supporting method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810880036.1A CN109184765B (en) | 2018-08-03 | 2018-08-03 | Detachable hydraulic anchor rod capable of yielding and releasing energy in steady state and supporting method thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109184765A CN109184765A (en) | 2019-01-11 |
| CN109184765B true CN109184765B (en) | 2020-06-16 |
Family
ID=64920140
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810880036.1A Active CN109184765B (en) | 2018-08-03 | 2018-08-03 | Detachable hydraulic anchor rod capable of yielding and releasing energy in steady state and supporting method thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN109184765B (en) |
Families Citing this family (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109736864B (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2020-07-24 | 河南理工大学 | Mining hydraulic constant-resistance deformation automatic pressure relief anchor rod and working method thereof |
| CN109653199A (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2019-04-19 | 吉林建筑大学 | The partition method of cement base Prestressed Rock soil anchor bolt and anchor rod anchored section and free segment |
| CN109763851B (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2020-05-22 | 中国矿业大学 | Anchor with anchoring force grading early warning function and reciprocating flexible deformation yielding characteristic and method |
| CN110067582B (en) * | 2019-05-05 | 2020-04-21 | 中国矿业大学 | Anchor rod for surrounding rock supporting and instability monitoring and mounting method thereof |
| CN110030025B (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2024-01-30 | 东北大学 | Self-expansion type pipe joint anchor rod for surrounding rock large deformation and preparation and use methods thereof |
| CN110145350A (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2019-08-20 | 北京矿冶科技集团有限公司 | A kind of pulling force dispersing type twin-stage constant-resistance stress release anchor pole |
| CN110794423A (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2020-02-14 | 重庆大学 | Rigid-flexible hybrid connection self-adaptive device for vehicle-mounted laser radar |
| CN110778347B (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2024-06-18 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Yielding anchor rod with adjustable yielding parameters |
| CN110761820B (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2020-12-08 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Yielding anchor rod design method suitable for large deformation of weak surrounding rock |
| CN110924389B (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2021-08-03 | 华北水利水电大学 | Anchor rod capable of controlling multistage stress and displacement in extension and monitoring acoustic emission |
| CN111828065B (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2022-03-15 | 宜昌鑫隆达矿山工程有限公司 | Detachable anchor rod supporting structure for roadway support |
| CN112627871B (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2023-03-14 | 上海应用技术大学 | Telescopic automatic pressure relief type anchor rod |
| CN113187533B (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2023-05-09 | 南通理工学院 | Large-stroke recyclable hydraulic yielding anchor rod |
| CN113417682A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2021-09-21 | 安徽理工大学 | non-Newtonian fluid lets presses and struts stock |
| CN113417681A (en) * | 2021-08-12 | 2021-09-21 | 安徽理工大学 | non-Newtonian fluid yielding support anchor rod and use method thereof |
| CN113958349A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-01-21 | 天地科技股份有限公司 | Anchor rod pre-tightening auxiliary device |
| CN116263053B (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2024-06-18 | 中国五冶集团有限公司 | Vacuum suction type anti-floating anchor rod |
| CN116906100B (en) * | 2023-09-12 | 2023-11-28 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Intelligent pre-tightening yielding anchor cable and application method |
Citations (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2010090500A2 (en) * | 2009-02-09 | 2010-08-12 | 주식회사 상신산업 | Expandable rock bolt tube |
| KR20100101901A (en) * | 2009-03-10 | 2010-09-20 | 전평근 | Temporary anchor |
| CN103573279A (en) * | 2013-11-14 | 2014-02-12 | 山东科技大学 | Mining telescopic energy adsorption anti-impact viscous damping anchor rod and supporting method thereof |
| CN204267066U (en) * | 2014-11-29 | 2015-04-15 | 湖南科技大学 | A kind of constant-resistance anchor rod pallet board |
| CN205089342U (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2016-03-16 | 河南工业和信息化职业学院 | Stock is warp to soft rock roadway support constant -resistance |
| CN205370615U (en) * | 2016-01-21 | 2016-07-06 | 山东科技大学 | Hydraulic pressure lets pressure stock |
| CN205422770U (en) * | 2016-03-15 | 2016-08-03 | 中国矿业大学 | Recoverable anchor rope of constant -resistance large deformation |
| CN205689229U (en) * | 2016-06-06 | 2016-11-16 | 贵州理工学院 | A kind of recyclable pressure-release anchor cable |
| CN106285738A (en) * | 2016-09-28 | 2017-01-04 | 山东科技大学 | A kind of " steel reinforced concrete hydraulic pressure " roadside support device for deep tunnel and method for protecting support |
| CN206257152U (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2017-06-16 | 周明和 | Flexible power transmission shaft |
| CN107227967A (en) * | 2017-07-10 | 2017-10-03 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of constant resistance and large deformation pressure-relieving achor bar or anchor cable |
| CN207348886U (en) * | 2017-04-09 | 2018-05-11 | 贵州理工学院 | A kind of high-strength corrosion-proof recoverable anchor rod |
-
2018
- 2018-08-03 CN CN201810880036.1A patent/CN109184765B/en active Active
Patent Citations (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2010090500A2 (en) * | 2009-02-09 | 2010-08-12 | 주식회사 상신산업 | Expandable rock bolt tube |
| KR20100101901A (en) * | 2009-03-10 | 2010-09-20 | 전평근 | Temporary anchor |
| CN103573279A (en) * | 2013-11-14 | 2014-02-12 | 山东科技大学 | Mining telescopic energy adsorption anti-impact viscous damping anchor rod and supporting method thereof |
| CN204267066U (en) * | 2014-11-29 | 2015-04-15 | 湖南科技大学 | A kind of constant-resistance anchor rod pallet board |
| CN205089342U (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2016-03-16 | 河南工业和信息化职业学院 | Stock is warp to soft rock roadway support constant -resistance |
| CN205370615U (en) * | 2016-01-21 | 2016-07-06 | 山东科技大学 | Hydraulic pressure lets pressure stock |
| CN205422770U (en) * | 2016-03-15 | 2016-08-03 | 中国矿业大学 | Recoverable anchor rope of constant -resistance large deformation |
| CN205689229U (en) * | 2016-06-06 | 2016-11-16 | 贵州理工学院 | A kind of recyclable pressure-release anchor cable |
| CN106285738A (en) * | 2016-09-28 | 2017-01-04 | 山东科技大学 | A kind of " steel reinforced concrete hydraulic pressure " roadside support device for deep tunnel and method for protecting support |
| CN206257152U (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2017-06-16 | 周明和 | Flexible power transmission shaft |
| CN207348886U (en) * | 2017-04-09 | 2018-05-11 | 贵州理工学院 | A kind of high-strength corrosion-proof recoverable anchor rod |
| CN107227967A (en) * | 2017-07-10 | 2017-10-03 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of constant resistance and large deformation pressure-relieving achor bar or anchor cable |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN109184765A (en) | 2019-01-11 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN109184765B (en) | Detachable hydraulic anchor rod capable of yielding and releasing energy in steady state and supporting method thereof | |
| CN109723480B (en) | Tension-compression coupling yielding energy-absorbing grouting anchor rod for large deformation of surrounding rock and working method | |
| CN104265339B (en) | A kind of extruding, friction-type energy-absorption anchor rod | |
| CN103573279B (en) | Mining telescopic energy adsorption anti-impact viscous damping anchor rod and supporting method thereof | |
| WO2018095014A1 (en) | Self-drilling and self-anchoring anchor bolt capable of being lengthened and suitable for weak coal, and anchoring method thereof | |
| US11008861B2 (en) | Rapid construction method of pipe jacking for underground rescue tunnel with large section | |
| CN107130988B (en) | Liquid carbon dioxide blasting anti-reflection grouting composite anchor rod | |
| CN109026070B (en) | Near-field stress regulation and control method for surrounding rock of deep-buried roadway cave | |
| CN108222990B (en) | M-shaped energy release anchor rod | |
| CN109209457A (en) | A kind of energy-absorbing erosion control anchor cable and its application method | |
| CN203669901U (en) | Mining telescopic energy absorption and scour prevention viscous damping anchor rod | |
| CN109751067B (en) | Method for improving pre-pulling force of anchor rod | |
| CN108868856B (en) | Energy-absorbing anchoring method of high-impact-resistant large-deformation energy-absorbing anchoring tray assembly | |
| CN110924389B (en) | Anchor rod capable of controlling multistage stress and displacement in extension and monitoring acoustic emission | |
| CN112177648B (en) | Novel anti-shearing large-deformation energy-absorbing anchor rod | |
| CN113250723A (en) | Monitoring and coupling integrated protection device for rock burst of deep mine | |
| CN102536280B (en) | Resistance-increasing yielding anchor rod | |
| CN108979691A (en) | A kind of multistage pressure-relieving achor bar | |
| CN109869173B (en) | Flexible anchor rod | |
| CN204082188U (en) | A kind of extruding, friction-type energy-absorption anchor rod | |
| CN218177258U (en) | Constant-resistance yielding anchor rod | |
| CN109057843B (en) | High-elongation impact-resistant anchor rod of anchoring section and anchoring method thereof | |
| CN218376526U (en) | Self-drilling hollow grouting constant-resistance anchor rod for soft rock roadway | |
| CN115126518B (en) | Resistance-increasing energy-absorbing anchor rod | |
| CN217872867U (en) | Screw-in inverted wedge type surface grouting anchor rod |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |