CN109179363A - A kind of charcoal and preparation method thereof of Screw Extrusion processing - Google Patents
A kind of charcoal and preparation method thereof of Screw Extrusion processing Download PDFInfo
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- CN109179363A CN109179363A CN201810866400.9A CN201810866400A CN109179363A CN 109179363 A CN109179363 A CN 109179363A CN 201810866400 A CN201810866400 A CN 201810866400A CN 109179363 A CN109179363 A CN 109179363A
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- charcoal
- plant fiber
- screw extrusion
- barrel
- screw
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
Abstract
The present invention relates to charcoal technical fields, more particularly, to a kind of charcoal and preparation method thereof of Screw Extrusion processing, using plant fibers such as stalks as raw material, plant fiber is squeezed out by screw compression, then the shaped fibers material of extrusion is directly sent into carbonizing apparatus heating charing.The present invention realizes continuous extrusion, continuously carbonizing, the effect of continuous production；Simultaneously carbonated material quality of finished can be controlled by adjusting carbonization temperature.Carbonated material obtained has high absorption property, can be widely used in sewage purification, and the fields such as human and animal excreta processing have good promotional value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to charcoal technical fields, more particularly, to the charcoal and its system of a kind of processing of Screw Extrusion
Preparation Method.
Background technique
There is the generation of the agricultural fibres waste such as a large amount of stalk, straw in China as a large agricultural country every year.These
Waste is not handled largely well, and a part is deposited in field and occupies land resource, and another part is direct
On-site incineration generates a large amount of greenhouse gases, pollutes atmospheric environment.
Carbonated material is bio-organic materials in anoxic or anoxybiotic environment, and the solid-state generated after high temperature pyrolysis produces
Object.It can not only be used for the high-quality energy, soil conditioner, also can be used as reducing agent, fertilizer slow release carrier and carbon dioxide sequestration agent
Deng being widely used to carbon fixation and emission reduction, water source purifying, heavy metal adsorption and soil improvement etc., can to a certain extent be weather
The whole world hot issues deeply concerned such as variation, environmental pollution and soil function degeneration provide solution.In sewage purification, dung polluted water
Just the fields such as processing, China needs the carbonated material of a large amount of high absorption properties every year, and the agriculture and forestry organic waste materials such as stalk, straw are one
The good carbonated material source of kind.
By the agriculture and forestry organic waste materials such as stalk, straw prepare high absorption property and the stable biological carbon materials of performance have it is important
Meaning.Material is thermally dried currently, the carbonizing apparatus for preparing carbonated material relies primarily on burner, fires material anoxic
Fire standby carbonated material.This production method has the disadvantage that
(1) cannot continue to process, this production method must be waited after material carbonize completely in furnaces and after cooling down and will be carbonized again
Material takes out, and then just can be carried out and produces next time, affects production efficiency；
(2) it cannot be guaranteed that properties of product, due to needing to guarantee anaerobic environment in carbonization process, carbonizing apparatus is closed state,
It can not know the degree of carbonization of material；If it is improper to hold to the reaction time, stops heating in advance and open carbonizing apparatus, will affect
Carbonated material end properties.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide for the deficiency of biological carbon materials and technology of preparing in the prior art
A kind of charcoal of Screw Extrusion processing, the charcoal have good suction using agriculture and forestry organic waste materials such as stalk, straw as raw material
Attached performance, and quality is stablized.
Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the preparation method of the charcoal of the Screw Extrusion processing is provided, it will
The comprehensive utilization of the agriculture and forestry organic waste materials such as straw, stalk, and preparation process is simple, it can be achieved that continuous extrusion, continuously carbonizing are continuous raw
It produces, finished product is stably and controllable, and absorption property is good.
The present invention also technical problems to be solved are to provide the device for realizing the preparation method.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of charcoal of Screw Extrusion processing, is made of the following components: plant fiber, glycerol, paraffin and heavy diesel fuel,
Qualities of glycerin is the 1~10% of plant fiber quality, and Quality of Paraffin Waxes is the 1~10% of plant fiber quality, and heavy diesel fuel quality is
The 1~10% of plant fiber quality.
Preferably, qualities of glycerin is the 3% of plant fiber quality, and Quality of Paraffin Waxes is the 3% of plant fiber quality, heavy diesel fuel
Quality is the 3% of plant fiber quality.
The present invention improves plant fiber in screw extruder barrel by the way that glycerol and paraffin are added in plant fiber
Mobility；By the way that heavy diesel fuel is added in plant fiber, fiber surface and screw extruder after fiber and charing ensure that
Lubricity between material tube inner wall.Meanwhile compared with light diesel fuel, heavy diesel fuel burning point is higher, can guarantee plant fiber at high temperature
It is not oxidized, improve fiber charred effect.When adding heavy diesel fuel, if heavy diesel fuel excessively will affect charing efficiency, cause
Charing is not thorough；If heavy diesel fuel is very few, it will lead to charing unevenly, influence charcoal absorption property.
Further, plant fiber is gramineae stalk fiber, includes one in straw, cornstalk or kaoliang stalk
Kind is several, and the plant fiber length is less than 10mm, moisture content≤8%.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation methods of above-mentioned charcoal, comprising the following steps:
S1. it after choosing plant fiber crushing, then is dried；
S2. the plant fiber and glycerol that will be handled well in step S1, paraffin and heavy diesel fuel are uniformly mixed；
S3. the material mixed in step S2 is subjected in Screw Extrusion carbonizing apparatus charing process, obtains charcoal system
Product.
Further, plant fiber is gramineae stalk fiber in step S1, includes straw, cornstalk and sorghum
One or more of bar.
Further, broken plant fiber length is less than 10mm in step S1, and drying mode is drying, plant fiber
Moisture content is no more than 8% after drying process.
Further, the extruded velocity of screw extruder is 0.1~0.2m/min in step S3.
Further, in step S3 carbonizing apparatus carbonization temperature be 350~600 DEG C, the charing process time be 10~
60min。
Preferably, the carbonization temperature of carbonizing apparatus is 400 DEG C in step S3, and the charing process time is 10min.
Further, material extruded velocity is 0.05~0.25m/min in step S3.
Preferably, material extruded velocity is 0.1~0.2m/min in step S3.
The present invention also provides a kind of Screw Extrusion carbonizing apparatus for realizing the preparation method, the Screw Extrusion charcoal makeup
Setting includes driving device, barrel and retort；Driving device is located at barrel one end, and barrel is equipped with feed hopper, sets in barrel
Have screw rod and barrel clearance fit, screw rod is connect with driving device, and retort is mounted on barrel discharge port, retort feed inlet with
Barrel discharge port is connected, and round mandrel is equipped with inside retort, and retort surface is equipped with heater.
Further, the clearance distance between screw rod and barrel is 0.1~1mm, and the spiral groove depth of screw rod is screw diameter
0.1~0.3 times, the angle of screw channel lift angle is 20~45 °.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
Charcoal absorption property provided by the invention is good, and performance is stablized, and can be efficiently applied to sewage purification, at human and animal excreta
The fields such as reason have high promotional value.Charcoal after absorption, can be as organic fertilizer for giving birth to after dry deodorizing process
State organic agriculture,
The present invention is using agriculture and forestry organic waste material as main raw material(s), after mixing with glycerol, rosin and sucrose, combines in spiral plunger
The effect of extrusion fiber carbonizing apparatus pushes charing of contracing, and realizes the recycling to agriculture and forestry organic waste material, and preparation process is simple.
The present invention keeps fibre density uniform by first carrying out screw extruding to plant fiber；By the way that carbonizing apparatus is fed
End is connected with barrel discharge end, and the fiber after screw extruding is directly entered charing in carbonizing apparatus, realizes sustainable production；It is logical
The degree of carbonization for crossing observation carbonizing apparatus outlet end finished product, can understand the charing situation in furnace in time, and charing is adjusted when needing
Unit temp guarantees the quality stability of charcoal finished product.The present invention no setting is required combustion chamber simultaneously, homogeneous heating is quick, mentions
High carbonizing apparatus production capacity, has no adverse effects to environment.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is Screw Extrusion carbonizing apparatus structural schematic diagram.
Wherein, 1 is driving device, and 2 be hopper, and 3 be barrel, and 4 be plant fiber, and 5 be screw rod, and 6 be retort, and 7 be circle
Shape plug, 8 be heater, and 9 be biological carbon product.
Specific embodiment
Further illustrate the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment, but embodiment the present invention is not done it is any type of
It limits.Unless stated otherwise, the present invention uses reagent, method and apparatus is the art conventional reagents, method and apparatus.
Unless stated otherwise, following embodiment agents useful for same and material are commercially available.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, the present embodiment provides a kind of Screw Extrusion carbonizing apparatus, Screw Extrusion carbonizing apparatus can be used for preparing
Charcoal.Screw Extrusion carbonizing apparatus includes driving device 1, barrel 3 and retort 6.
Driving device 1 is located at 3 one end of barrel, and barrel 3 is equipped with a hopper 2, is used as feed inlet.Spiral shell is equipped with inside barrel 3
Bar 5, screw rod 5 and 3 clearance fit of barrel.Gap between screw rod 5 and barrel 3 keeps 0.1-1mm, and screw rod 5 is equipped with screw channel, spiral shell
Groove depth is 0.1~0.3 times of screw diameter, and screw channel lift angle is more than or equal to 20 degree, is less than or equal to 45 degree.
Screw rod 5 is directly connected to driving device 1, and driving device 1 has the characteristics of high starting torque, high power, the slow-speed of revolution,
Screw rod 5 can be driven to rotate.Retort 6 is mounted on barrel discharge port, and carbonizing apparatus feed inlet is connected with barrel discharge port.Retort
6 feed inlet internal diameters are consistent with barrel internal diameter, then reduce gradually, form a taper mouth mold, and conial vertex angle, which is less than, waits 90
Degree.Retort inner conical mouth mold apex is equipped with round mandrel 7, and one end of round mandrel 7 connect with screw rod 5, round mandrel 7 and
6 length of retort is identical and runs through retort 6 by taper mouth mold, and round mandrel diameter is determined by actual needs.Charing
Furnace 6 is from taper mouth mold terminates place, until exit, internal diameter are gradually expanded, is designed to that trumpet type exports, trumpet type oblique angle is small
In being equal to 3 degree, it is mainly used for reducing the frictional resistance after fiber carbonizes in extrusion process between retort inner wall.The present embodiment
It is preferred that screw diameter is 50mm, spiral groove depth 5.5mm, screw channel lift angle is 25 °, and carbonizing apparatus taper mouth mold apex angle is 30 °, core
Stick diameter is 2mm, and horn mouth oblique angle is 1 °.
It is equipped with heating device 8 on 6 surface of retort, heating devices heat mode can be Resistant heating, electromagnetic heating
With infrared heating any one, the present embodiment is preferably more efficient Resistant heating.
Screw Extrusion carbonizing apparatus provided in this embodiment is used to plant fiber material being processed into biological carbon materials, work
It is as follows to make process: the plant fiber mixed is delivered to the gap of screw rod 5 Yu barrel 3 from hopper 2, starts 1 band of driving device
Dynamic screw rod 5 rotates, and plant fiber is fed forward in compression.When plant fiber 4 is transported to 3 end of barrel, in retort 6
Under taper mouth mold and the collective effect of round mandrel 7, plant fiber 4 is slowly compressed into the bar of central hollow.It opens simultaneously
Heating device 8, the plant fiber in retort 6 is forwarded while carbonizing at high temperature to be squeezed out, and is finally discharged from retort 6
Mouth squeezes out, and obtains high absorption property biology carbon product 9.In carbonization process, temperature is kept for 350~600 DEG C in carbonizing apparatus, charing
Time is no less than 10 minutes.
Embodiment 2:
The present embodiment provides a kind of methods of spiral squeezing processing charcoal, comprising the following steps:
S1. straw is broken into the rice-straw fibre that length is 5mm, is 8% by rice-straw fibre drying to moisture content；
S2. the rice-straw fibre handled well in 100kg step S1 is taken, 1kg glycerol, 1kg paraffin, 1kg heavy diesel fuel, mixing is added
Uniformly；
S3. Screw Extrusion carbonizing apparatus described in embodiment 1 is added in the material mixed in step S2 to carbonize, object
Material extruded velocity is 0.05m/min, and charing process temperature is 350 DEG C, and carbonization time is 60 minutes.
Embodiment 3:
The present embodiment provides a kind of methods of spiral squeezing processing charcoal, comprising the following steps:
S1. cornstalk is broken into the cornstalk fiber that length is 5mm, is 8% by cornstalk fiber drying to moisture content；
S2. the cornstalk fiber handled well in 100kg step S1 is taken, 2kg glycerol, 2kg paraffin is added, 2kg heavy diesel fuel mixes
It closes uniform；
S3. Screw Extrusion carbonizing apparatus described in embodiment 1 is added in the material mixed in step S2 to carbonize, object
Material extruded velocity is 0.1m/min, and charing process temperature is 400 DEG C, and carbonization time is 40 minutes.
Embodiment 4:
The present embodiment provides a kind of methods of spiral squeezing processing charcoal, comprising the following steps:
S1. kaoliang stalk is broken into the sorghum rod fibers that length is 8mm, is 5% by kaoliang stalk fiber drying to moisture content；
S2. the sorghum rod fibers handled well in 100kg step S1 are taken, 5kg glycerol, 5kg paraffin is added, 5kg heavy diesel fuel mixes
It closes uniform；
S3. Screw Extrusion carbonizing apparatus described in embodiment 1 is added in the material mixed in step S2 to carbonize, object
Material extruded velocity is 0.25m/min, and charing process temperature is 500 DEG C, and carbonization time is 20 minutes.
Embodiment 5:
The present embodiment provides a kind of methods of spiral squeezing processing charcoal, comprising the following steps:
S1. kaoliang stalk is broken into the sorghum rod fibers that length is 8mm, is 5% by kaoliang stalk fiber drying to moisture content；
S2. the sorghum rod fibers handled well in 100kg step S1 are taken, 10kg glycerol, 10kg paraffin, 10kg weight bavin is added
Oil is uniformly mixed；
S3. Screw Extrusion carbonizing apparatus described in embodiment 1 is added in the material mixed in step S2 to carbonize, object
Material extruded velocity is 0.2m/min, and charing process temperature is 600 DEG C, and carbonization time is 15 minutes.
Embodiment 6:
The present embodiment provides a kind of methods of spiral squeezing processing charcoal, comprising the following steps:
S1. kaoliang stalk is broken into the sorghum rod fibers that length is 8mm, is 0% by kaoliang stalk fiber drying to moisture content；
S2. the sorghum rod fibers handled well in 100kg step S1 are taken, 3kg glycerol, 3kg paraffin is added, 3kg heavy diesel fuel mixes
It closes uniform；
S3. Screw Extrusion carbonizing apparatus described in embodiment 1 is added in the material mixed in step S2 to carbonize, object
Material extruded velocity is 0.2m/min, and charing process temperature is 400 DEG C, and carbonization time is 10 minutes.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example provides a kind of method of Screw Extrusion processing charcoal, with implementation referring to the operating procedure of embodiment 6
Example 6 the difference is that: in step S1, fiber moisture 10%.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example provides a kind of method of Screw Extrusion processing charcoal, with implementation referring to the operating procedure of embodiment 6
Example 6 the difference is that: in step S2, heavy diesel fuel is replaced with into light diesel fuel.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example provides a kind of method of Screw Extrusion processing charcoal, with implementation referring to the operating procedure of embodiment 6
Example 6 the difference is that: in step S2, heavy diesel fuel is not added.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example provides a kind of method of Screw Extrusion processing charcoal, with implementation referring to the operating procedure of embodiment 6
Example 6 the difference is that: in step S3, carbonization temperature be 700 DEG C.
Comparative example 5
This comparative example provides a kind of method of Screw Extrusion processing charcoal, with implementation referring to the operating procedure of embodiment 6
Example 6 the difference is that: in step S3, carbonization temperature be 200 DEG C.
Comparative example 6
This comparative example provides a kind of method of Screw Extrusion processing charcoal, with implementation referring to the operating procedure of embodiment 6
Example 6 the difference is that: in step S3, carbonization time be 5 minutes.
The properties of embodiment 2~6 and the biological carbon product of comparative example 1~5 are as shown in table 1.
Table 1
It is analyzed by comparative example 1 it is found that charcoal absorption property prepared by comparative example 1 is declined.The reason is that right
1 moisture content of ratio is excessively high, and fiber generates a large amount of vapor in carbonization process, influences to carbonize efficiency and quality, will affect simultaneously
The service life of equipment.During the present invention prepares charcoal, the moisture content of plant fiber is strict controlled in no more than 8%.
It is analyzed by comparative example 2 it is found that charcoal absorption property prepared by comparative example 2 is declined.The reason is that
With light diesel fuel instead of heavy diesel fuel in comparative example 1, the burning point of light diesel fuel is lower, cannot play and protect plant fiber at high temperature
Effect, facilitates plant fiber instead and burns in carbonisation, destroy the absorption property of charcoal.
It is analyzed by comparative example 3 it is found that charcoal absorption property prepared by comparative example 3 is declined.The reason is that right
Heavy diesel fuel is not added in ratio 3, lacks the protective effect of heavy diesel fuel, plant fiber can be by direct oxidation, nothing in carbonization process
Method forms the charcoal with absorption property；And lacked the lubricating action of heavy diesel fuel, it will affect Screw Extrusion speed, reduce
Production efficiency.
By the analysis of comparative example 4~6 it is found that charcoal absorption property prepared by comparative example 4~6 is declined.Its reason
It is, in the present invention, when carrying out charing process, carbonization process is influenced by many factors.The temperature of charing process, time
The performance of charcoal will be influenced.Carbonization temperature is excessively high in comparative example 4, then may cause fibrous inside non-uniform temperature, lead
It causes to carbonize phenomena such as uneven, carbonization temperature is too low in comparative example 5, then charing rate is too low, and be easy to cause charing half-cooked
The phenomenon that, influence the absorption property of charcoal；Carbonization time is too short in comparative example 6, and plant fiber charing is insufficient, also will affect
The absorption property of charcoal.
Obviously, above-described embodiment is only intended to clearly illustrate technical solution of the present invention example, and is not
Restriction to embodiments of the present invention.For those of ordinary skill in the art, on the basis of the above description also
It can make other variations or changes in different ways.There is no necessity and possibility to exhaust all the enbodiments.It is all
Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc. within the spirit and principles in the present invention should be included in right of the present invention and want
Within the protection scope asked.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of charcoal of Screw Extrusion processing, which is characterized in that the charcoal is made of the following components: plant fiber,
Glycerol, paraffin and heavy diesel fuel, the qualities of glycerin are the 1 ~ 10% of plant fiber quality, and the Quality of Paraffin Waxes is plant fiber matter
The 1 ~ 10% of amount, the heavy diesel fuel quality are the 1 ~ 10% of plant fiber quality.
2. the charcoal of Screw Extrusion processing according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the qualities of glycerin is that plant is fine
The 3% of quality is tieed up, the Quality of Paraffin Waxes is the 3% of plant fiber quality, and the heavy diesel fuel quality is the 3% of plant fiber quality.
3. the charcoal of Screw Extrusion processing according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the plant fiber is standing grain
Graminaceous plant stalk fibre, includes one or more of straw, cornstalk or kaoliang stalk, and the plant fiber length is less than
10mm, moisture content≤8%.
4. Screw Extrusion described in claim 1 ~ 3 any one processing charcoal preparation method, it is characterised in that: including with
Lower step:
S1. it after choosing plant fiber crushing, then is dried；
S2. the plant fiber and glycerol that will be handled well in step S1, paraffin and heavy diesel fuel are uniformly mixed；
S3. the material mixed in step S2 is added in Screw Extrusion carbonizing apparatus and is squeezed out, then charing process, obtains charcoal
Product.
5. the preparation method of the charcoal of Screw Extrusion processing according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: institute in step S1
Stating plant fiber is gramineae stalk fiber, includes one or more of straw, cornstalk or kaoliang stalk.
6. the preparation method of the charcoal of Screw Extrusion processing according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: institute in step S1
It states length after plant fiber crushes and is less than 10mm；The drying mode is drying, moisture content≤8% after plant fiber is dry.
7. the preparation method of Screw Extrusion charcoal according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: material squeezes out in step S3
Speed is 0.05 ~ 0.25m/min.
8. the preparation method of the charcoal of Screw Extrusion processing according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: institute in step S3
It is as follows to state charing process technological parameter: carbonization temperature is 350 ~ 600 DEG C, and the time is 10 ~ 60min.
9. a kind of Screw Extrusion carbonizing apparatus for realizing preparation method described in claim 4, which is characterized in that the Screw Extrusion
Carbonizing apparatus includes driving device, barrel and retort；The driving device is located at barrel one end, the barrel be equipped with into
Hopper, the barrel is interior to be equipped with screw rod and barrel clearance fit, and the screw rod is connect with driving device, and the retort is mounted on
Barrel discharge port, the retort feed inlet are connected with barrel discharge port, and round mandrel, the charcoal are equipped in the retort
Change furnace surface and heater is housed.
10. Screw Extrusion carbonizing apparatus according to claim 9, which is characterized in that between the screw rod and barrel
For stand-off distance from for 0.1 ~ 1mm, the spiral groove depth of the screw rod is 0.1 ~ 0.3 times of screw diameter, and the angle of the screw channel lift angle is
20~45°。
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| CN201810866400.9A CN109179363A (en) | 2018-08-01 | 2018-08-01 | A kind of charcoal and preparation method thereof of Screw Extrusion processing |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112779015A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-11 | 湖北聚海环境科技有限公司 | Technology and method for preparing soil conditioner by combining phosphogypsum with biomass fuel tailings |
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Application publication date: 20190111 |
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| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |