CN109169308A - 一种羊养殖用发酵床垫料的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种羊养殖用发酵床垫料的制备方法,由泥沙、锯屑、蒙脱石、新鲜番茄、果蔬废弃物、豆粕、玉米粉、维生素E、乳酸菌粉等原料制成,本发明发酵床垫料充分考虑羊的生理习性,将垫料分两层组合,为其提供了一定的营养,从而减少了精饲料的供应,从新鲜番茄中经多步加工获得强抗氧化性能的番茄红素,与维生素E复配添加进垫料中,番茄红素能够通过提供电子来清除自由基或恢复维生素E的抗氧化功能,进而与维生素E表现出协同作用,通过羊的翻食提高机体肌肉的抗氧化能力,达到改善肌肉嫩度的作用,本发明材料来源广泛,制备方法简单,在降低养殖成本,优化养殖环境的同时大幅提高了羊肉品质,对羊养殖的经济效益提升显著。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及羊养殖技术领域,尤其涉及一种羊养殖用发酵床垫料的制备方法。
背景技术
规模化、集约化生产已成为我国生羊生产的必然发展趋势。我国养羊业近年来发展迅速且规模不断扩大,这种生产方式在提高养羊场的生产管理水平、劳动生产率和经济效益的同时,也使羊场粪尿和冲栏废水过度集中大量排放,给环境造成很大压力,如不合理处理,势必严重污染环境和水源,也影响自身的正常生产。但是,采用传统生产方式的养羊场,粪尿的处理难度大,处理成本很高。因此,现有的羊场粪污染处理技术推广难度极大,制约着规模化集约化养殖的发展。
发酵床养殖技术是基于控制畜禽粪便排放与污染的一种生态养殖方式,其基本理念是实现畜禽废弃物零排放,在畜禽健康养殖和污染防治等方面具有重要意义。发酵床垫料是发酵床养羊关键的部分,对垫料原料进行科学组合,能达到减少管理强度,增加养羊效益等目的。而目前发酵床养羊技术还不完善,发酵床内有益微生物的不能正常生长,粪便的发酵、降解缓慢,使得羊舍内有害气体增多,影响羊的生长发育。
在动物生产中,由于受养殖条件、宰前环境、运输应激等各种因素的影响,会引起机体内的自由基浓度过高,导致动物发生氧化应激,对动物健康、生产性能及产品品质等造成不利影响。氧化应激可使肌肉发生氧化变质,表现为变色、变味,甚至形成有毒物质,保质期降低,营养物质和嫩度变差,色泽稳定性降低,肉品货架期缩短。因此,调节动物机体的抗氧化性能,进而提高肉类品质,以增加经济效益,而这类研究应用于发酵床垫料的报道较少。
发明内容
本发明目的就是为了弥补已有技术的缺陷,提供一种羊养殖用发酵床垫料的制备方法。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种羊养殖用发酵床垫料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将蒙脱石浸渍于1.5-3.5mol/L的硅酸溶液中,保持16-24小时后抽滤,用清水冲洗至中性,烘干后粉碎过80-100目筛,得改性蒙脱石备用;
(2)将新鲜番茄打浆粉碎,加碱调节pH至7.5-8.5,之后加热至50-60℃,搅拌4-6小时,完成后过滤除去表皮、纤维、种子等残渣,收集提取液,再向提取液中加酸调整pH至4-4.5,静置沉淀90-120分钟,虹吸除去上部浑浊液,得沉淀浓缩干燥备用;
(3)将果蔬废弃物用清水冲洗干净,用双螺杆脱水机脱去水分,并通过90-110℃蒸汽灭菌,所得产物与牧草按质量比1:(2-4)混合置于发酵池中,常温发酵5-8天,将发酵料先以微波处理,再放入干燥炉中,于45-60℃干燥60-90分钟,得干料备用;
(4)将泥沙洗净后晾干,与锯屑按质量比(2-4):1混合后作为垫料下层,再取豆粕、玉米粉、步骤3所得干料按质量比(10-15):(7-9):(56-64)混合作为垫料上层;
(5)将步骤2所得产物、维生素E、乳酸菌粉、两歧双歧杆菌菌剂、枯草芽孢杆菌菌剂按质量比(3-5):(1-3):(2-4):(1-1.5):(1-2)混匀后撒施于垫料表层,并轻翻5-10厘米,即得本发明发酵床垫料。
所述步骤2中所用碱为碳酸氢钠,所用酸为醋酸。
所述步骤3中脱水后保持果蔬废弃物中的水分含量不超过40%。
所述步骤3中微波处理时间为15-25分钟,计量为1-2千瓦/千克。
所述步骤4中垫料下层厚度控制在25-35厘米,垫料上层厚度控制在20-25厘米。
所述步骤5中混合料的添加量为垫料总质量的1-1.5%。
本发明的优点是:
本发明发酵床垫料充分考虑羊的生理习性,将垫料分两层组合,下层为基础软层,上层为可食用性原料,其与粪便和残饲料的混和物经发酵后,分解或降解出很多有益物质,如长出的放线菌菌丝、微量元素、蛋白质等,而且锯屑中的木质纤维和半纤维也可被降解转化成易发酵的糖类,这些都对羊的成长起到很好的促进作用,羊通过翻扒食用,为其提供了一定的营养,从而减少了精饲料的供应,改性蒙脱石的使用能有效杀灭垫料中的霉菌,起到较好的防霉效果,延长垫料的使用周期,从新鲜番茄中经多步加工获得强抗氧化性能的番茄红素,与维生素E复配添加进垫料中,其中维生素E作为生育酚类化合物,具有抗氧化、促生长和提高繁殖力等多种生物学功能,可以通过清除自由基来保护细胞膜的结构与功能,而番茄红素能够通过提供电子来清除自由基或恢复维生素E的抗氧化功能,进而与维生素E表现出协同作用,通过羊的翻食提高机体肌肉的抗氧化能力,抑制活性氧、活性氮等自由基对肌肉中蛋白质、酶和脂肪的氧化,保护肌肉中蛋白质与酶结构和功能的完整性,从而达到改善肌肉嫩度的作用,本发明材料来源广泛,制备方法简单,在降低养殖成本,优化养殖环境的同时大幅提高了羊肉品质,对羊养殖的经济效益提升显著。
具体实施方式
一种羊养殖用发酵床垫料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将蒙脱石浸渍于2.5mol/L的硅酸溶液中,保持20小时后抽滤,用清水冲洗至中性,烘干后粉碎过80目筛,得改性蒙脱石备用;
(2)将新鲜番茄打浆粉碎,加碳酸氢钠调节pH至8.0,之后加热至55℃,搅拌5小时,完成后过滤除去表皮、纤维、种子等残渣,收集提取液,再向提取液中加醋酸调整pH至4.0,静置沉淀120分钟,虹吸除去上部浑浊液,得沉淀浓缩干燥备用;
(3)将果蔬废弃物用清水冲洗干净,用双螺杆脱水机脱去水分,保持果蔬废弃物中的水分含量不超过40%,并通过100℃蒸汽灭菌,所得产物与牧草按质量比1:3混合置于发酵池中,常温发酵7天,将发酵料先以微波处理,处理时间为20分钟,计量为1.5千瓦/千克,再放入干燥炉中,于55℃干燥75分钟,得干料备用;
(4)将泥沙洗净后晾干,与锯屑按质量比3:1混合后作为垫料下层,再取豆粕、玉米粉、步骤3所得干料按质量比12:8:60混合作为垫料上层,垫料下层厚度控制在30厘米,垫料上层厚度控制在20厘米;
(5)将步骤2所得产物、维生素E、乳酸菌粉、两歧双歧杆菌菌剂、枯草芽孢杆菌菌剂按质量比4:2:3:1:1.5混匀后撒施于垫料表层,混合料的添加量为垫料总质量的1.2%,并轻翻5-10厘米,即得本发明发酵床垫料。
Claims (6)
1.一种羊养殖用发酵床垫料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将蒙脱石浸渍于1.5-3.5mol/L的硅酸溶液中,保持16-24小时后抽滤,用清水冲洗至中性,烘干后粉碎过80-100目筛,得改性蒙脱石备用;
(2)将新鲜番茄打浆粉碎,加碱调节pH至7.5-8.5,之后加热至50-60℃,搅拌4-6小时,完成后过滤除去表皮、纤维、种子等残渣,收集提取液,再向提取液中加酸调整pH至4-4.5,静置沉淀90-120分钟,虹吸除去上部浑浊液,得沉淀浓缩干燥备用;
(3)将果蔬废弃物用清水冲洗干净,用双螺杆脱水机脱去水分,并通过90-110℃蒸汽灭菌,所得产物与牧草按质量比1:(2-4)混合置于发酵池中,常温发酵5-8天,将发酵料先以微波处理,再放入干燥炉中,于45-60℃干燥60-90分钟,得干料备用;
(4)将泥沙洗净后晾干,与锯屑按质量比(2-4):1混合后作为垫料下层,再取豆粕、玉米粉、步骤3所得干料按质量比(10-15):(7-9):(56-64)混合作为垫料上层;
(5)将步骤2所得产物、维生素E、乳酸菌粉、两歧双歧杆菌菌剂、枯草芽孢杆菌菌剂按质量比(3-5):(1-3):(2-4):(1-1.5):(1-2)混匀后撒施于垫料表层,并轻翻5-10厘米,即得本发明发酵床垫料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的羊养殖用发酵床垫料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2中所用碱为碳酸氢钠,所用酸为醋酸。
3.根据权利要求1所述的羊养殖用发酵床垫料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤3中脱水后保持果蔬废弃物中的水分含量不超过40%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的羊养殖用发酵床垫料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤3中微波处理时间为15-25分钟,计量为1-2千瓦/千克。
5.根据权利要求1所述的羊养殖用发酵床垫料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤4中垫料下层厚度控制在25-35厘米,垫料上层厚度控制在20-25厘米。
6.根据权利要求1所述的羊养殖用发酵床垫料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤5中混合料的添加量为垫料总质量的1-1.5%。
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