CN109168910A - The method that sugar orange excess load result regulation young fruit falls off - Google Patents
The method that sugar orange excess load result regulation young fruit falls off Download PDFInfo
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- CN109168910A CN109168910A CN201811183295.5A CN201811183295A CN109168910A CN 109168910 A CN109168910 A CN 109168910A CN 201811183295 A CN201811183295 A CN 201811183295A CN 109168910 A CN109168910 A CN 109168910A
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- fruit
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses the methods that a kind of sugar orange excess load result regulation young fruit falls off, comprising the following steps: 1) in the sugar orange physiological fallen fruit later period, to its applied nitrogen；2) for same day June 28 current year and before all tender summer shoots for sprouting all erase, sprouted later to late summer shoot；3) when that night summer shoot grows to certain length, the relatively strong late summer shoot of 2-3 item is selected and remain on every branch, remaining is erased；4) it is routinely managed after.The present invention passes through by the end of June by promoting to put appropriate late summer shoot, and select the mode appropriate for selecting and remain late summer shoot, effectively promote part young fruit Automatic-falling, on the one hand, significantly reduce a large amount of labours needed for traditional artificial fruit thinning and reduce production cost, on the other hand, blade quantity is increased again while suitably reducing result quantities, and fruit is just entering rapid expanding stage at this time, obtains sufficient nutrition supply, growth and development is normal, effectively improves in subsequent picking fruit, big fruit accounting.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultural methods of sugar orange, and in particular to a kind of sugar orange excess load result regulation young fruit falls off
Method.
Background technique
The small natural Fruit-setting rate of sugar orange fruit is relatively low, to obtain high yield other than reinforcing fertilizer and water management in production, often
By reinforce implement fruit retention technical measures come improve Fruit-setting rate increase yield, existing common fruit retention technology first is that complete in summer
Portion erases summer shoot, until autumn temporarily puts autumn growth, so will not just cause a large amount of sheddings.
Up to the present, sugar orange after the physiological fallen fruit phase when result still excessive (i.e. excess load result), still
The methods and techniques measure for not having open report makes part young fruit Automatic-falling, in this case, the processing method of orchard worker
There are two types of usually, one is allow it to continue excess load as a result, this method causes fruit to obtain in middle and later periods growth and development process
Less than sufficient nutrition supply, fruit generally becomes smaller, and commodity fruit rate is low, simultaneously because tree body excess load result and it is weak, further
Cause next year flower amount few, low output.Another method be then spend a large amount of labours to carry out artificial fruit thinning (including autumn growth is put in trimming
And the excessive fruit in part is artificially wiped out in combination with trimming), due to needing to wipe out the more heavy workloads of fruit number, on the one hand need
A large amount of labour is expended, cost is caused to steeply rise, on the other hand due to rural laborer's shortage, artificial fruit thinning is caused to become
Increasingly can not.Therefore, it is necessary to a kind of new method for regulating and controlling young fruit in sugar orange excess load result and falling off is provided, with
Solve the deficiencies in the prior art.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide one kind to effectively improve while reducing labour and production cost
The method that the sugar orange excess load result regulation young fruit of commodity fruit rate falls off.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the method that sugar orange excess load result regulation young fruit provided by the invention falls off, packet
Include following steps:
1) in the sugar orange physiological fallen fruit later period, to its applied nitrogen；
2) for same day June 28 current year and before all tender summer shoots for sprouting all erase, sprouted later to late summer shoot
Hair；
3) when that night summer shoot grows to certain length, the relatively strong late summer shoot of 2-3 item is selected and remain on every branch, remaining is smeared
It removes；
4) it is routinely managed after.
In the step 1) of the above method, the sugar orange physiological fallen fruit later period refers to June 20 to July 10.
In the step 1) of the above method, the nitrogenous fertilizer is preferably applied near sugar orange hat width drip.The use of nitrogenous fertilizer
Measure it is same as the prior art, usually according to sugar orange hat width diameter calculation, such as when sugar orange hat width diameter be 0.8-1.5m when,
Nitrogen fertilizer amount is usually 100-200g；When sugar orange hat width diameter is 1.8-2.8m, nitrogen fertilizer amount is usually 200-300g.Institute
The selection for stating nitrogenous fertilizer is same as the prior art, specifically can be ammoniacal nitrogen fertilizer, ammonium fertilizer, nitrate fertilizer, ammonium and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer, cyanogen
Ammoniacal nitrogen fertilizer and amide nitrogen fertilizer, preferably amide nitrogen fertilizer, more preferably urea.When the form of nitrogenous fertilizer is solid-state, preferably
It is the form application that nitrogenous fertilizer is made into aqueous solution, is more preferably made into the aqueous solution form that mass concentration is 0.3-0.4% and applies.
In the step 1) of the above method, the time that the application opportunity of nitrogenous fertilizer can be such that late summer shoot sprouts as needed carries out true
Fixed, the time usually sprouted in determining late summer shoot is administered for first 7-10 days.In the application, preferably June 20
To June 28 to sugar orange applied nitrogen.
In the step 3) of the above method, carry out selecting and remain 2-3 item when preferably that night summer shoot grows to 4-6cm relatively strong
Late summer shoot, remaining operation erased.
In the step 4) of the above method, be routinely managed after late summer shoot is aging (be included in late summer shoot it is aging after and
When put the subsequent Routine Management such as autumn growth).
Unmentioned every management is same as the prior art in the method for the invention.
Compared with prior art, present invention is characterized in that
1, by putting appropriate late summer shoot by rush by the end of June, and the mode appropriate for selecting and remain late summer shoot is selected, effectively promoted
Make part young fruit Automatic-falling, on the one hand, significantly reduce a large amount of labours needed for traditional artificial fruit thinning and reduce production
On the other hand cost increases blade quantity while suitably reducing result quantities again, fruit just enters and expands rapidly at this time
Phase obtains sufficient nutrition supply, and growth and development is normal, effectively improves in subsequent picking fruit, big fruit accounting.
2, the method for the invention is simple to operation, and required labour is few, at low cost, while guaranteeing yield also
In capable of effectively improving, the ratio of big fruit, effectively improve the income of orchard worker.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail combined with specific embodiments below, content to better understand the invention, but
The present invention is not limited to following embodiments.
Embodiment 1
1, material and method
1.1 for trying orchard:
Test garden is located at the graduate sugar orange orchard of Guangxi special crop (in October, 2011 orchard establishment), and mountainous region gentle slope is red
Loam, the field planting of spring in 2012, trifoliate orange anvil, seeding row spacing 2m × 3m enter fruiting period in 2014.
Carry out the test that regulation young fruit falls off using the method for the invention in 2017, chooses lifes in 6 years of the 4th annual bearing
Tree (tree for being 11-12:1 through statistics leaf-fruit ratio) more than (hat width diameter is in 2.4-2.8m), result quantities, is tested for 12 plants totally.
1.2 rush young fruits fall off test:
1.2.1 development in 2017 is tested, and test sets 4 processing:
Processing 1: late summer shoot all stays, and does not remove.
Processing 2: late summer shoot it is long to 4-6cm when, select and remain on every branch 2-3 item (diameter≤0.4cm branch stays 2,
The branch of diameter > 0.4cm stays 3) relatively strong late summer shoot, remaining late summer shoot removes.
Processing 3: late summer shoot it is long to 4-6cm when, select and remain 1 relatively strong late summer shoot on every branch, remaining late summer
The tip removes.
Processing 4 i.e. control (CK): all late summer shoots of erasing.
Each processing is tree-plot, is repeated three times, random alignment.
Each processing second of physiological fallen fruit latter stage, that is, June 24 applies urea, and (dosage is 250g/ plants, is to be made into matter
The aqueous solution that amount concentration is 0.3% is applied near sugar orange hat width drip), July 2, evening summer shoot started to sprout, and August 14th
It is aging, beginning shedding on July 11, until August shedding on the 3rd terminates.
1.2.2 statistical method:
Strain fruiting quantities are counted before putting late summer shoot, every plant of tree chooses a bough group, counts branch group blade quantity and branch group
Fruiting quantities, late summer shoot count every plant of shedding quantity after sprouting daily.Complete stool evening summer shoot quantity, branch group are counted after late summer shoot is aging
Late summer shoot blade quantity and fruiting quantities, statistics complete stool autumn growth quantity after autumn growth is aging, the final stage tip (late summer shoot+autumn growth) quantity,
By Guangxi sugar orange producing region Xuan Guo factory fruit classification standard (by diameter) big fruit when fruit picking: > 5.4cm, middle fruit: 3.8~
5.4, fruitlet: < 3.8 carries out the large, medium and small fruit quantity of hierarchical statistics and weight, and statistics complete stool has colored end before next year blossom in April
Grade tip quantity.According to the following formula (falling) fruit rate, final stage tip abloom rate and leaf-fruit ratio.
(falling) fruit rate=(falling) fruit quantity ÷ (fruit quantity+shedding quantity) × 100%.
Final stage tip abloom rate=have colored final stage tip quantity ÷ final stage tip total quantity × 100%.
Leaf-fruit ratio=group the fruiting quantities of branch group blade quantity ÷.
2, result and analysis
2.1 different disposals, which put late summer shoot, influences shedding, leaf-fruit ratio and abloom rate
Table 1 the result shows that, processing 1,2,3 and CK fruit drop rate be respectively 44.73%, 13.99%, 5.76% and
0.18%, handle 1 fruit drop rate it is extremely significant be greater than processing 2,3 and CK, processing 2 again it is extremely significant be greater than CK, processing 2 and 3 between nothing
Difference.Fruit-setting rate after handling 1,2,3 and CK shedding is respectively 55.28%, 86.01%, 94.24% and 99.82%, processing 1
Extremely significant to be lower than other processing and CK, processing 2 is significantly higher than 1 and substantially less than CK of processing.Table 2 the result shows that, sprout the late summer
It is respectively 455,332,148 and 0 that tip quantity, which handles 1,2,3 and CK, puts autumn growth after late summer shoot is aging again, sprouts autumn growth
Quantity CK is 134, and the medium or slightly weak late summer shoot respectively handled no longer sprouts autumn growth, and stronger evening summer shoot has sprouted 1-3 autumn
The tip, 1,2,3 difference 98,77,79 of autumn growth quantity processing.By putting the tip, the final stage tip (late summer shoot+autumn growth) of formation twice
Handling 1,2,3 and CK is respectively 509,369,203 and 134, is in extremely significant difference between each processing and CK.The final stage tip at
It is respectively 95.33%, 76.83%, 64.59%, 48.23% that flower rate, which handles 1,2,3 and CK, is in extremely significant difference between each processing and CK
It is different.Leaf-fruit ratio before putting late summer shoot is 11-12:1, processing 1,2,3 put leaf-fruit ratio after late summer shoot be respectively increased 28.4:1,
17.0:1,13.8:1, CK are remained unchanged.Based on the above results, 1 fruit drop rate of processing is high, and Fruit-setting rate is low, and final stage tip quantity is most,
Abloom rate is high, and 2 fruit drop rates of processing are lower, and Fruit-setting rate is higher, and final stage tip quantity is more, and abloom rate is higher, handles 3 and CK fruit drop rate
Low, Fruit-setting rate is high, and final stage tip quantity is few and abloom rate is lower.
Sugar orange tree vigo(u)r is medium but rudiment ability and, late April to late June in physiological fallen fruit peak period strong at principal stresses
Often sprout a large amount of summer shoots, if processing summer shoot can induce young fruit and largely fall off not in time, take erase or kill summer shoot or
It controls summer shoot sprouting and growth is one of main fruit retention technical measures of sugar orange, be transferred to after second of physiological fallen fruit peak period
Physiological fallen fruit latter stage, that is, late June shedding amount is few, until physiological fallen fruit is fully completed at the beginning of mid-July, mid-August fruit fruit it is steady
Fixed, shedding will not be caused by putting autumn growth at this time, so late June is to being to be transferred to the mistake for stablizing not shedding by the physiological fallen fruit phase by the end of July
It crosses the phase, during this period according to normal field management, fruit be will not fall off, and fruiting quantities are stablized, still, and during the transitional period, evening
The sprouting of summer shoot has part fruit abscission, this provides possibility, this test result to reduce the artificial adjustment of excess load result quantities
Further proof is obtained.During transition, late summer shoot is put in a limited degree, is increased tree body leaf area, is promoted certain amount fruit
It falls off, mitigates tree body burden, enhance tree vigo(u)r, while increasing next year bearing basal shoot quantity, lay a solid foundation for high and stable yield.
Table 1: sugar orange puts shedding, leaf-fruit ratio and the abloom rate of late summer shoot
Note: significant (P < 0.05) with lowercase letter indication differences different after column of figure, different capitalizations indicate difference pole
Significantly (P < 0.01).
Table 2: sugar orange puts the leaf-fruit ratio and abloom rate of late summer shoot
Note: significant (P < 0.05) with lowercase letter indication differences different after column of figure, different capitalizations indicate difference pole
Significantly (P < 0.01).
2.2 different disposals, which put late summer shoot, influences yield, single fruit weight, fruit size
Table 3 the result shows that, processing 1,2,3 and CK yield is respectively 24.33kg, 34.09kg, 32.86kg and 31.58kg,
2 yield highests are handled, processing 1 is minimum, and Analysis of variance processing 2 and 3 is significantly higher than processing 1,4 indifferences of processing 1 and processing.Strain
It is respectively 32.35g, 28.35g, 26.91g, 23.05g that mean fruit weight, which handles 1,2,3 and CK, and processing 1 is extremely significant to be greater than other
Processing and CK, processing 2 are noticeably greater than 3 and CK of processing again, and processing 3 and CK difference is not significant.Big fruit quantity and weight processing 1 is 22
A 1.50kg, processing 2 are 8 0.47kg, and 3 and CK of processing does not have big fruit.Middle fruit quantity and weight handles 1,2,3 and CK
559 19.33kg, 843 27.52kg, 770 23.53kg, 665 19.33kg, processing 2 in fruit quantity and weight it is most,
1 and CK is significantly more than handled, is handled between 1,3 and CK without significant difference.Fruitlet quantity and weight, processing 1,2,3 and CK difference
For 172 3.51kg, 350 6.09kg, 457 9.33kg, 707 12.24kg, CK fruitlet quantity, extremely significant be more than handles 1
With 2, and it is significantly more than processing 3, CK fruitlet weight, it is extremely significant to be higher than processing 1, and it is significantly higher than processing 2.It percentagewises,
The quantity and weight that big fruit handles 1,2,3 and CK accounts for 3.10% and 6.17%, 0.64% and 1.38%, 0.00% and respectively
0.00%, 0.00% and 0.00%, the quantity and weight that middle fruit handles 1,2,3 and CK accounts for 77.65% and 79.45% respectively,
70.19% and 80.77%, 62.77% and 71.61%, 48.48% and 61.23%, fruitlet handle 1,2,3 and CK quantity and
Weight accounts for 23.88% and 14.43%, 29.17% and 17.87%, 37.23% and 28.39%, 51.52% and respectively
38.77%.
The above result shows that 1 yield of processing and large and small fruit yield are minimum, 2 yield highests are handled, middle fruit yield also highest,
The medium fruitlet yield highest of CK yield.Processing 2 retains certain amount evening summer shoot, and part young fruit is promoted to fall off, swollen rapidly in fruit
The big phase increases leaf-fruit ratio, can effectively promote Fruit, improves yield, and fruit yield in increase improves commodity fruit rate.
Table 3: sugar orange puts strain yield, strain single fruit weight and the fruit size of late summer shoot
Note: significant (P < 0.05) with lowercase letter indication differences different after column of figure, different capitalizations indicate difference pole
Significantly (P < 0.01).
3, conclusion and discussion
This test result shows effectively promote second physiological fallen fruit latter stage by the end of June to late summer shoot is put at the beginning of 7 months
Make tree crown part fruit abscission, the late summer shoot quantity of sprouting is more, and shedding is more, controls shedding by controlling late summer shoot quantity
How much, every tip selects and remain 2-3 item evening summer shoot, and fruit drop rate is 14% or so, and late summer shoot reservation quantity is more, in addition the autumn of sprouting
The tip, bud differentiation is good, and abloom rate reaches 76.83%, lays a solid foundation for next year high yield.Late summer shoot aging time is mid-August, is increased
Add tree crown blade quantity, leaf-fruit ratio increases to 17:1 from 11~12:1, autumn growth and the rapid expanding stage of fruit is put at a time when this, to fruit
It expands in fact and reinforces tree vigo(u)r and play timely facilitation, yield is high, and middle fruit ratio is more, and fruitlet ratio is few.Sugar orange is super negative
Lotus bearing-age tree puts late summer shoot to the significant effect for improving fruit ratio in yield increase, saves labour and cost instead of artificial fruit thinning.
Claims (6)
1. the method that sugar orange excess load result regulation young fruit falls off, comprising the following steps:
1) in the sugar orange physiological fallen fruit later period, to its applied nitrogen；
2) for same day June 28 current year and before all tender summer shoots for sprouting all erase, sprouted later to late summer shoot；
3) when that night summer shoot grows to certain length, the relatively strong late summer shoot of 2-3 item is selected and remain on every branch, remaining is erased；
4) it is routinely managed after.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized by: the sugar orange physiological fallen fruit later period is June in step 1)
20 to July 10.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized by: the nitrogen application is dripped in sugar orange hat width in step 1)
Near waterline.
4. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized by: in step 1), in June 20 to June 28 to sugar orange
Applied nitrogen.
5. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized by: the nitrogenous fertilizer is urea in step 1).
6. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized by: nitrogenous fertilizer is applied in form of an aqueous solutions in step 1).
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| CN105580595A (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2016-05-18 | 于辉 | New flower and fruit retention technique of oranges |
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2018
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103416272A (en) * | 2012-05-24 | 2013-12-04 | 韦秀文 | Dwarfing high-yield planting method for Bing Tang tangerine |
| CN104770261A (en) * | 2014-01-11 | 2015-07-15 | 龚镔 | Pollution-free orange production method |
| CN105580595A (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2016-05-18 | 于辉 | New flower and fruit retention technique of oranges |
| CN104782434A (en) * | 2015-03-24 | 2015-07-22 | 崔涵宇 | Sugar orange planting method |
| CN105145227A (en) * | 2015-07-10 | 2015-12-16 | 吴伦忠 | Method for culturing and managing Shatang oranges |
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