CN109156286A - A kind of greenhouse gardening method of sweet No. 12 muskmelons in osmanthus - Google Patents

A kind of greenhouse gardening method of sweet No. 12 muskmelons in osmanthus Download PDF

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CN109156286A
CN109156286A CN201811022939.2A CN201811022939A CN109156286A CN 109156286 A CN109156286 A CN 109156286A CN 201811022939 A CN201811022939 A CN 201811022939A CN 109156286 A CN109156286 A CN 109156286A
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parts
melon
sweet
fertilizer
muskmelons
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雷善兴
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Hengxian School Chair Supply And Marketing Defense Civilian Breeding And Raising Professional Cooperative Association
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Hengxian School Chair Supply And Marketing Defense Civilian Breeding And Raising Professional Cooperative Association
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
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    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
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    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
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Abstract

The invention belongs to agricultural plant field of planting, more particularly to a kind of greenhouse gardening method of sweet No. 12 muskmelons in osmanthus, including fertilizer and water management (6) training management (7) Trivhosantnes Kirilouii Manim (8) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control after (1) selection of land site preparation (2) presoaking and germinating (3) seeding and seedling raising (4) field planting (5) field planting, the greenhouse gardening method of sweet No. 12 muskmelons in osmanthus of the present invention is by the way of greenhouse gardening, better life condition is created for plant, follow the growth cycle and habit of sweet No. 12 muskmelons in osmanthus, whole rule cultivation, fertilising is reasonable, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is proper, it is good to improve quality effect, method is simple, it is at low cost；Using this method sweet No. 12 muskmelons in osmanthus are planted with the incidence for not only effectively reducing pest and disease damage, and safety and environmental protection, it will not cause soil deterioration, hardened phenomenon, improve the yield of sweet No. 12 muskmelons in osmanthus, the melon fruit planted is full, meat is more, thin skin, mouthfeel is fresh and crisp, sugar foot, quality is excellent, reaches real green ecological plantation.

Description

A kind of greenhouse gardening method of sweet No. 12 muskmelons in osmanthus
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural plant field of planting, and in particular to a kind of greenhouse gardening method of sweet No. 12 muskmelons in osmanthus.
Background technique
Muskmelon is also known as sweet melon or muskmelon.Muskmelon is gained the name because sweet, and since faint scent attacks people, it is also known as muskmelons.Latin language Name: Cucumis melo, English name: Muskmelon, Curcurbitaceae Cucumis are a kind of typical annual tendril class draft plants Object.Fruit is fragrant and sweet, and rich in sugar, starch, there are also a small amount of protein, minerals and other vitamins.Muskmelon world temperate zone to the torrid zone Regional cultivation extensively is utilized as the melon of fruit in also cultivation extensively all over China for China, muskmelon is long-drawn-out because of this kind of cultivation earliest Long, various in style, fruit shapes, color, size and taste are also different because of kind, dozens of strain are divided on gardening, such as general Logical muskmelon, muskmelon, honey dew melon etc. belong to different strains, and fruit is the important fruit in midsummer, and herb is medicinal, scorching Toxin-Vanquishing of dispelling, Emetic, dehumidifying, removing jaundice subcutaneous ulcer and other effects.Muskmelon is generally cultivated throughout our country, and by botany classification method, muskmelon is divided into 8 Mutation: netted melon (var.reticulatus), rock melon var.cantalupensis), winter melon (var.inodorus), muskmelon (seeing melon) (var.dudain), lemon melon (var.chito), snakelike muskmelon (snake melon) are watched (var.flexuosus), 8 mutation such as muskmelon (var.makuwa) and snake melon (var.cocomon).The melon variety in China Resourceful, planting type is varied.In cultivation muskmelon, due to area of origin difference, by ecological characteristics, China is usually again Muskmelon is divided into thick-skinned melon and two kinds of Melon.
" osmanthus honey 12 " is the thick-skinned melon variety that Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences's Vegetable Research Institute is cultivated, and is first, Guangxi dew Ground and greenhouse dual-purpose, can Long summer cultivation, crispy-flesh thick-skinned melon variety, at present my area various regions and Guangdong, Guizhou, There are plantation in the provinces such as Hunan, Jiangxi.Variety certification time and number: on June 4th, 2012 passes through Guangxi Crop breed audit, Melon 2012002 is examined in osmanthus." osmanthus honey 12 " spring planting breeding time is about 105 days, summer and autumn plant breeding time is about 80 days, fruit development Phase about 35 days, oval, fruit shape index 1.28, melon skin was golden yellow, and smooth or with unstable dilute reticulate pattern, pulp is orange, About 3.3 centimetres of meat thickness, meat is sharp and clear, and sweet, soluble solid content gradient is small, center soluble solid content 14%- 17%, edible fruit rate nearly 70%；It is 1.5 kilograms, every 667 square metres 1600-2200 kilograms of yield that single melon, which weighs about,.
Osmanthus No. 12 muskmelons of honey are one of fruit varieties welcome currently on the market, and are had very high nutritive value, standby Liked, osmanthus No. 12 muskmelons of honey are suitble to greenhouse and outdoor cropping, and the sweet No. 12 Muskmelon Planting technologies in existing osmanthus are all according to forefathers Implantation methods slightly improve to operate.With the adjustment of crop mix and the fast development of high-efficiency agriculture, plant hut, Middle canopy, greenhouse, greenhouse melon area increase year by year, since continuous cropping year after year is planted, pathogeny worm sources accumulate year by year, cause disease pest kind Class increases year by year, and the extent of injury aggravates year by year, such as the anthracnose of muskmelon, epidemic disease, wilt disease, aphid, red spider pest and disease damage exist Growing area happens occasionally, and causes the muskmelon underproduction in 20-30% or so, and quality reduces, economic benefit is reduced, and is directed at present The prevention and treatment of pest and disease damage is to rely on chemical agent, but this measure not only further enhances the anti-medicine of pest and disease damage in the long run Property and cause disease pest type to increase, and also have certain harm to the foodsafety of muskmelon.And due to Muskmelon Planting process In unreasonable fertilising, cause soil deterioration, hardened phenomenon obvious, the sweet No. 12 muskmelon mouths in osmanthus that the use of a large amount of chemical fertilizer plants out Sense and quality variation, have continuous worsening phenomenon, have seriously affected the comprehensive benefit of Muskmelon Planting.
Due in terms of there are planting types improper, misoperation, fertilizing management during sweet No. 12 melon wilts in osmanthus The raising that the problems such as generation of unreasonable and various pest and disease damages not only constrains sweet No. 12 melon yields in osmanthus also affects muskmelon Quality, therefore, the method for studying a kind of sweet No. 12 muskmelons in suitable cultivation osmanthus, to the yield and product for improving sweet No. 12 muskmelons in osmanthus Matter has great importance.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of greenhouse gardening methods of sweet No. 12 muskmelons in osmanthus, using this method to osmanthus honey 12 Number muskmelon is planted the incidence for not only effectively reducing pest and disease damage, but also safety and environmental protection, will not cause soil deterioration, plate Phenomenon is tied, the yield of sweet No. 12 muskmelons in osmanthus is improved, the melon fruit planted is full, and meat is more, and thin skin, mouthfeel is fresh and crisp, sugar Divide foot, quality is excellent, by greenhouse gardening, reduces the generation of pest and disease damage, no Pesticide use reaches real green ecological kind It plants.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of greenhouse gardening method of sweet No. 12 muskmelons in osmanthus, includes the following steps:
(1) selection of land site preparation: selection selection face south plot, irrigation and drainage are convenient, the soil is porous, fertile, soil pH value 6.5-7.5 it Between plot, and plough deeply plantation field；
(2) presoaking and germinating: the seed of full grains is selected, is first dried seed 2 days before sowing, is avoided the seed that is exposed to the sun, first use quality Percentage composition be 0.1% liquor potassic permanganate impregnate 10min, then use 45-50 DEG C of water seed soaking 3h, taking-up, dry moisture, so Afterwards by towel it is soaked after wring out the seed for packaging and impregnating to not dripping and be placed in plastic casing and carry out vernalization, the accumulative height of seed Less than 2 centimetres, germination temperature control keeps seed wet during 28-30 DEG C, vernalization, can broadcast when 2/3 seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally Kind；
(3) seeding and seedling raising: the seed after vernalization be seeded in nutritive cube, and matrix components are according to parts by weight in nutritive cube It consists of the following compositions: 35-50 parts of land；10-20 parts of leaf mould；7-10 parts of decomposed cow dung；10-20 parts of turf；By each group Divide after mixing loaded in nutritive cube；After planting, seedbed day temperature is made to be maintained at 25-30 DEG C, 18-20 DEG C of night；
(4) be colonized: can be colonized when seedling age 35-45 days, be colonized the previous moon, in melon ground progress depth of soil up to 25~ 30cm's digs, then in the soil by 1500~2000kg/ mus of well-rotted farmyard manure, 50 kg/ mus of special melon fertilizer application；It pours Vola water, is ploughed deeply, and harrows thin leveling, builds greenhouse, the high 2m of greenhouse on the ground in melon within field planting first 15 days；It is colonized line-spacing 65cm, spacing in the rows 60cm is watered with root water after field planting；
(5) fertilizer and water management after being colonized: field planting started to apply first time liquid manure using the method for trickle irrigation after 10 days, in Fruit early period Using method root application liquid manure 2 times of trickle irrigation, in seedling stage, stretches the climing phase and first fruiting period respectively sprays a muskmelon special foliar fertilizer, opening It respectively applies to fruit expanding period special melon fertilizer 1 time before spending with Xie Huahou, is applied from 15 centimeters cave of plant, it is special to apply muskmelon per acre With fertile 40-45 kilograms；
(6) training management: in 23-28 DEG C, 15-20 DEG C of night, relative air humidity is remained for day temperature control in greenhouse 50%~60%；Build " well " word facade frame, hanging tendril restocking when main stem long 30-40cm, with lifting rope the climing winding restocking of melon, in time Training reason is climing, erases the intrafoliaceous lateral bud of main stem, and fruit section 12-18 is stayed to save；Main stem pinching when seedling length to 4 true leaves, selects and remain 3 The healthy and strong son of item is climing, wherein a strip is climing to stay melon on the climing section of son, the another climing 3-4 leaf pinching of two strips respectively stays a grandson is climing to stay melon, 3-4 piece leaf pinching is stayed before melon；
(7) Trivhosantnes Kirilouii Manim: summer and autumn high temperature is pollinated by manually wiping female chapiter with male flower stamen point；When young fruit grows to 250-500g Trivhosantnes Kirilouii Manim is carried out, is directly to melon handle close to the position of fruit by cloth, the other end ties on the iron wire of traction, and melon, which is hung, to be made to tie Fruit is climing to be in a horizontal state；
(8) it the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: is carried out before flowering and with Biocidal fungicide spraying prevention and treatment pest and disease damage after bearing fruit, in fruit In garden, and fly net is set in greenhouse ventilation.The Biocidal fungicide the preparation method comprises the following steps: take it is dry after black false hellebore, powder Broken, by weight plus 8-10 times is measured the ethyl alcohol that volumetric concentration is 65-75%, is impregnated 3-5 hours, then heating and refluxing extraction 3 times, often Secondary 0.5-1.0 h, filtration, merging filtrate obtain black false hellebore extracting solution；According to sapindoside: nimbin: black false hellebore extracting solution=1: Sapindoside and nimbin are added in black false hellebore extracting solution and are mixed to get Biocidal fungicide by the ratio of 1:30, use When the Biocidal fungicide is watered 600~700 times of liquid are made after reuse.
The greenhouse gardening method of sweet No. 12 muskmelons in above-mentioned osmanthus, liquid manure described in step (5) the preparation method comprises the following steps: will be according to People and animals are urinated 40-60 parts by parts by weight；40-50 parts of tea seed cake；25-40 parts of peanut press pulp；10-20 parts of plant ash；Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 3-5 Part；0.1-0.5 parts of 3-5 parts of ammonium humate and seven water manganese sulfate are put into fermentation vat, the injection of said mixture material per kilogram raw material 60-70 kg of water is obtained by filtration for fermentation 10 days or more.
Muskmelon special foliar fertilizer described in step (5) the preparation method comprises the following steps: according to parts by weight by 10-15 parts of urea；Phosphorus 8-10 parts of sour hydrogen dipotassium；3-5 parts of ammonium humate；5-8 parts of molasses；0.3-0.5 parts of honey element；0.5-1 parts of citric acid；Magnesium sulfate 0.5-1 parts；0.5-1 parts of zinc sulfate；0.5-1 parts and water 500-700 parts of boric acid are mixed to get.
The greenhouse gardening method of sweet No. 12 muskmelons in above-mentioned osmanthus, the special melon fertilizer the preparation method comprises the following steps:
1. taking following raw material for standby in parts by weight: 35-50 parts of chicken manure；30-45 parts of agricultural residues powder；20-45 parts of manioc waste； 20-40 parts of peanut press pulp；15-35 parts of edible fungi residues；2-5 parts of bentonite；10-20 parts of urea；8-10 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate；Calcium superphosphate 5-7 parts；5-10 parts of ammonium humate；0.5-1 parts of expanded vermiculite powder；Middle trace element fertilizer 1-3 parts；3-5 parts of cane molasses；Biological bacteria 0.5-1 parts；
2. by chicken manure, agricultural residues powder, manioc waste, peanut press pulp, edible fungi residues, bentonite, calcium superphosphate, ammonium humate, sweet Cane molasses, expanded vermiculite powder, biological bacteria are placed in fermentation vat by weight ratio, are stirred evenly, control material moisture in 60-65%, 55-60 DEG C of temperature, turning when temperature rises to 60 DEG C fermentation one month or more, obtains fermentation materials；
3. fermentation materials are uniformly mixed with urea, calcium magnesium phosphate and middle trace element fertilizer, special melon fertilizer can be obtained.
In the preparation method of the special melon fertilizer, the middle microelement be containing magnesium, zinc, manganese, iron, boron, calcium fertilizer Material；Wherein each element and weight ratio are as follows: magnesium: zinc: manganese: iron: boron: calcium=1:0.6:0.7:0.5:0.5:1, these elements difference From magnesium sulfate, lignin sulfonic acid zinc, manganese sulfate, fulvic acid diamines iron, boric acid and calcium silicates.
In the preparation method of the special melon fertilizer, the biological bacteria be bacillus subtilis, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete, Actinomyces, nitrogen-fixing bacteria mix by weight 1:1:1:1:1, and the content specification of each microorganism fungus kind is all every gram 100,000,000 A above effective active bacterium, the biological bacteria need to activate before use, activation process are as follows: by biological bacteria by weight 1:100 Ratio be put into 25-30 DEG C of warm water, stand 3-5h to get to activation biological bacteria.
Tea seed cake used in liquid manure is prepared in the present invention, is remaining slag after the oil expression of Wild camellia seed oil fruit, is contained 12- in tea seed cake 18% Tea Saponin.Tea seed cake is a kind of efficient organic fertilizer, it can voluntarily be decomposed, and non-toxic remaining on human body without influence, uses peace Entirely.Tea seed cake liquid has good stomach toxicity and action of contace poison to pest, can be extensively in vegetables, tea tree, fruit tree, tealeaves, flowers and other crops Upper use prevents and treats snail, river snail, leech, planthopper, rice leafhopper, the first-class pest of sweet potato baby elephant.Tea seed cake is used to prepare dedicated water Fertilizer, not only increase liquid manure nutrient can also effectively preventing muskmelon pest and disease damage generation.The present invention by the way that people and animals are urinated, tea The substances such as withered, peanut press pulp, ammonium humate carry out fermentation and prepare liquid manure, containing various nutrients needed for muskmelon in liquid manure obtained, And poured by the way of trickle irrigation, there is time saving, water-saving, saving of labor, efficient purpose, sprayed using the liquid manure, have and promote Into root system development, chlorophyll content is improved, increases photosynthesis and improves the advantages of melon yield improves muskmelon quality.
The present invention joined honey element in prepared muskmelon special foliar fertilizer, and honey element is a kind of common sweetener, Its sugariness is 30-40 times of sucrose, after honey element is added in prepared leaf fertilizer raw material, can assist increasing sugar, in first fruit Phase is sprayed on blade face, can improve the sweet taste and mouthfeel of muskmelon, greatly improve quality.
Special melon fertilizer used in planting process of the present invention be with chicken manure, agricultural residues powder, manioc waste, peanut press pulp, What the raw materials such as edible fungi residues, 2-5 parts of bentonite, expanded vermiculite powder obtained after everfermentation, it can reduce using these raw materials useless The pollution on the environments such as gurry, the biological bacteria for realizing the purpose of utilization of waste as resource, and using is withered grass bud Spore bacillus (Bacillus subtilis), lactic acid bacteria ((Lactobacillus Beijerinck, 1901), saccharomycete (Yeast), actinomyces (Classification system: Actinobacteria), nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Classification system Latin Name Azotobacter Sp it) is mixed by weight 1:1:1:1:1, can promote that organic materials is mineralization and humification: material during the fermentation By mineralization, nutrient becomes available state and quick-acting states from the gentle state of invalid state；It can produce a variety of special efficacy metabolism by humification Object is such as: carbohydrase, protease, amylase, lipase can largely decompose glucose, amino acid necessary to crop, vitamin Group, auxin isoreactivity substance and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, microelement promote crop growth, improve disease-resistant, drought resisting, cold-resistant energy Power increases base soil nutrient, improves soil microbial activities, increases crop yield, improves quality, reduces cost.It is obtained after fermentation Special melon fertilizer rich in muskmelon production needed for organic matter, middle microelement, nutrient efficient, can provide muskmelon growth needed for Nutrient, promote the growth of muskmelon.
And expanded vermiculite powder is used in preparing special melon fertilizer as raw material, there is vermiculite good cation to hand over Transsexual and adsorptivity, can improve the structure of soil, and water storage soil moisture conservation improves the gas permeability and the property of water-bearing of soil, becomes acid soil For neutral soil；Vermiculite may also function as buffer function, hinder the rapid variation of pH value, keep fertilizer slow in plant growth medium Release, and allow slightly excessively to be safe from harm to plant using fertilizer；Vermiculite can also be provided to crop the K, Mg itself contained, The elements such as Ca, Fe and micro Mn, Cu, Zn.Expanded vermiculite powder is added in the present invention as one of the ingredient in special fertilizer, The nutriment contained in fertilizer can be made more slowly to discharge, extend the fertilizer efficiency duration of fertilizer, improve the benefit of fertilizer With rate, and the comprehensive fertility of soil can be improved, is conducive to save fertile volume increase, reduces production cost.
Biocidal fungicide used in the present invention is mixed to get by sapindoside, nimbin and black false hellebore extracting solution 's.Black false hellebore is Liliaceae Veratrum black false hellebore Veratrum nigrum L., is used as medicine with root or whole herb with root.Black false hellebore, which has, goes out The effect of lice, and closely to kill mosquitos and flies and its larva, also make agricultural chemical insecticide and animal doctor makees emetic use.Black false hellebore is containing a variety of Steroid alkaloid, such as be situated between fragrant alkali, pseudojervine, jervine amine.Black false hellebore extract jervine is Study of Natural Plant Pesticides, right People and animals' low toxicity, is plant insecticide, has to insect and tags and stomach poison function.It can be used for preventing and treating housefly, blattaria, lice etc. to defend Raw pest, it can also be used to prevent and treat the agricultural pests such as cabbage caterpillar, aphid, leafhopper, thrips and stinkbug, there is nuisanceless, pollution-free, nothing The features such as residual hazard, long drug effect phase, and it is improved plant part immune function, promote crop growth and to the simultaneous work controlled of disease pest With.
Sapindoside (Soapnut Saponin) is wild deciduous tree soapberry (Sapindus mukorossi Gareth.) the extract of pericarp, major surfactant ingredient are triterpene saponin (I), sequiterpene glycoside (II), fat oil And protein, it is a kind of natural nonionic surface active agent, all-natural product, no added any artificial synthetic detergent, Essence, pigment and preservative have the function of very strong reduction surface tension, nothing as natural activity machine pollutant solubilizer Suffer from sub- saponin(e as farm chemical emulgent, has preferable killing effect to cotton aphid, red spider and sweet potato Jinhua worm etc..
Nimbin is the seed or tree by deciduous tree print chinaberry (Classification system Azadirachta Indica A.Juss) The tetracyclic triterpenoid extracted in skin.Nimbin class compound and the intracorporal steroids of insect and steroid etc. Hormonal substance is closely similar, thus pest be not easily distinguishable they be in vivo it is intrinsic or it is extraneous force, so they were both It is able to enter a life process of interference pest in pest body, to kill off the insect pests, and pest is not easy to cause and develops drug resistance.Through Modern research shows that the nimbin that extracts is wide spectrum recognized in the world, efficient, less toxic, degradable, nothing from print chinaberry fruit Remaining insecticide.It generates Antifeedant Effects by destroying the chemical co-ordination organ of insect mouthpart；By to midgut digestive enzymes The nutrition conversion deficiency so that food is acted on, the vitality of insect is influenced；The feeding rate of insect can also be reduced and food is turned Change utilization rate, insect hormone in vivo balance is influenced, thus interference insect growth and development.
The Biocidal fungicide that the present invention is mixed to get using sapindoside, nimbin and black false hellebore extracting solution is to sweet tea Melon carries out that prevention and treatment pest and disease damage pesticide-germicide range is wide, and pesticide-germicide drug effect is high, and it is long that control period is sterilized in insect prevention, can be in nature after application It degrades in environment, no pollution to the environment, and pesticide residue will not be caused to muskmelon, safety and environmental protection can effectively inhibit aphid, powder The generation of the pest and disease damages such as lice, pathogenicity test, red spider, blight dis-ease, powdery mildew helps to improve the yield and quality of muskmelon.
The invention has the benefit that
1, the greenhouse gardening method of sweet No. 12 muskmelons in osmanthus of the present invention follows the life of sweet No. 12 muskmelons in osmanthus by the way of greenhouse gardening Long period and habit are reasonably applied fertilizer for the different growth period of sweet No. 12 muskmelons in osmanthus, and utilization rate of fertilizer is high.The present invention In underground spring, water quality is good at water source used in planting process, is sprayed using liquid manure, has and promotes root system development, improves Chlorophyll content increases the growth of sweet No. 12 muskmelons in photosynthesis promotion osmanthus, and by spraying the homemade osmanthus honey 12 of the present invention Number muskmelon special foliar fertilizer, containing N P and K and middle microelement needed for muskmelon growth in foliar fertilizer, by Foliage Absorption, Effective rate of utilization is high, can effectively supplement the deficiency of muskmelon root fertilising, especially big in the muskmelon fertilizer requirements such as yield positive results In period, nutrient required for muskmelon can effectively be supplemented by spraying foliar fertilizer, to guarantee sweet No. 12 muskmelons in osmanthus in suitable rich water Under the conditions of, normal growth and development is carried out, is achieved the goal of high yield and high quality, while melon and fruit appearance color can be increased by spraying foliar fertilizer Pool improves sugariness, tarts up.
2, the present invention has made sweet No. 12 special melon fertilizers in osmanthus, the sweet tea by oneself according to the growth cycle and habit of osmanthus No. 12 muskmelons of honey Melon specific fertilizer is rich in organic matter needed for muskmelon production, middle microelement, nutrient efficient, battalion needed for can providing muskmelon growth Element is supported, the growth of muskmelon is promoted.It is applied fertilizer using the special melon fertilizer to muskmelon, not only increases soil with organic matter Content provides various nutrients abundant for muskmelon, improves the quality of muskmelon, and can improve soil physical property and structure, mention High soil fertilizer feeder capability.
3, the present invention is in terms of the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control of sweet No. 12 muskmelons in osmanthus, the present invention use sapindoside, nimbin with And the Biocidal fungicide that is mixed to get of black false hellebore extracting solution carries out that prevention and treatment pest and disease damage pesticide-germicide range is wide, and desinsection is killed to muskmelon Bacterium drug effect is high, and insect prevention sterilization control period is long, can degrade in the natural environment after application, no pollution to the environment, and will not be to fruit tree Pesticide residue is caused, safety and environmental protection can effectively inhibit the pest and disease damages such as aphid, aleyrodid, pathogenicity test, red spider, blight dis-ease, powdery mildew Generation, help to improve the yield and quality of muskmelon.Safety and environmental protection in terms of the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control of the present invention, unharmful substance are residual It stays, and preventing disease and pest effect is obvious, is conducive to the healthy growth of muskmelon, improve the quality of fruit.
4, the greenhouse gardening method of sweet No. 12 muskmelons in osmanthus provided by the invention, educates from selection of land site preparation, presoaking and germinating, sowing The whole rule cultivation of fertilizer and water management, training management, Trivhosantnes Kirilouii Manim, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control etc., applies fertilizer rationally after seedling, field planting, field planting, disease Pest control is proper, and muskmelon anti-disaster ability is enhanced, and improves that quality effect is good, and method is simple, at low cost；Use this Method is planted the incidence for not only effectively reducing pest and disease damage, but also safety and environmental protection, Bu Huiyin to sweet No. 12 muskmelons in osmanthus Soil deterioration, hardened phenomenon are played, improves the yield of sweet No. 12 muskmelons in osmanthus, the melon fruit planted is full, and meat is more, skin Thin, mouthfeel is fresh and crisp, and sugar foot, quality is excellent, by greenhouse gardening, creates better life condition for plant, reduces pest and disease damage Generation, no Pesticide use reaches the plantation of real green ecological.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of greenhouse gardening method of sweet No. 12 muskmelons in osmanthus, includes the following steps:
(1) selection of land site preparation: selection selection face south plot, irrigation and drainage are convenient, the soil is porous, fertile, soil pH value 6.5-7.5 it Between plot, and plough deeply plantation field；
(2) presoaking and germinating: the seed of full grains is selected, is first dried seed 2 days before sowing, is avoided the seed that is exposed to the sun, first use quality Percentage composition be 0.1% liquor potassic permanganate impregnate 10min, then use 45 DEG C of water seed soaking 3h, taking-up, dry moisture, then By towel it is soaked after wring out the seed for packaging and impregnating to not dripping and be placed in plastic casing and carry out vernalization, the accumulative height of seed is small In 2 centimetres, germination temperature control keeps seed wet during 28-30 DEG C, vernalization, can sow when 2/3 seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally；
(3) seeding and seedling raising: the seed after vernalization be seeded in nutritive cube, and matrix components are according to parts by weight in nutritive cube It consists of the following compositions: 35 parts of land；10 parts of leaf mould；7 parts of decomposed cow dung；10 parts of turf；It is loaded on after each component is mixed In nutritive cube；After planting, seedbed day temperature is made to be maintained at 25-30 DEG C, 18-20 DEG C of night；
(4) it is colonized: can be colonized when seedling age 35 days, be colonized the previous moon, depth of soil turning over up to 25cm is carried out in melon ground Soil, then in the soil by 1500kg/ mus of well-rotted farmyard manure, 50 kg/ mus of special melon fertilizer application；It is watered with bottom water, is ploughed deeply, is harrowed Thin leveling builds greenhouse, the high 2m of greenhouse in melon in field planting first 15 days on the ground；It is colonized line-spacing 65cm, spacing in the rows 60cm, it is fixed to be watered with after field planting Root water；
(5) fertilizer and water management after being colonized: field planting started to apply first time liquid manure using the method for trickle irrigation after 10 days, in Fruit early period Using method root application liquid manure 2 times of trickle irrigation, the liquid manure the preparation method comprises the following steps: 40 parts will be urinated people and animals according to parts by weight；Tea Withered 40 parts；25 parts of peanut press pulp；10 parts of plant ash；3 parts of Diammonium phosphate (DAP)；0.1 part of 3 parts of ammonium humate and seven water manganese sulfates are put into fermentation In pond, said mixture material per kilogram raw material injects 60 kg of water, and fermentation is obtained by filtration for 10 days；In seedling stage, climing phase and first fruit are stretched Phase respectively sprays a muskmelon special foliar fertilizer, the muskmelon special foliar fertilizer the preparation method comprises the following steps: according to parts by weight by urea 10 parts；8 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate；3 parts of ammonium humate；5 parts of molasses；0.3 part of honey element；0.5 part of citric acid；0.5 part of magnesium sulfate；Sulphur 0.5 part of sour zinc；0.5 part and 500 parts of water of boric acid is mixed to get；It is special that muskmelon is respectively applied with Xie Huahou to fruit expanding period before flowering With fertilizer 1 time, is applied from 15 centimeters cave of plant, apply 40 kilograms of special melon fertilizer per acre；
(6) training management: in 23-28 DEG C, 15-20 DEG C of night, relative air humidity is remained for day temperature control in greenhouse 50%；Build " well " word facade frame, hanging tendril restocking when main stem long 30cm, with lifting rope the climing winding restocking of melon, training reason is climing in time, The intrafoliaceous lateral bud of main stem is erased, 12 section of fruit section is stayed；Seedling it is long to 4 true leaves when main stem pinching, it is climing to select and remain 3 healthy and strong sons, Wherein a strip is climing stays melon on the climing section of son, and the another climing 3-4 leaf pinching of two strips respectively stays a grandson is climing to stay melon, 3-4 piece is stayed before melon Leaf pinching；
(7) Trivhosantnes Kirilouii Manim: summer and autumn high temperature is pollinated by manually wiping female chapiter with male flower stamen point；Young fruit grows to 250g when progress Cloth is directly to melon handle close to the position of fruit by Trivhosantnes Kirilouii Manim, and the other end ties on the iron wire of traction that hanging melon makes fruiting vine It is in a horizontal state；
(8) it the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: is carried out before flowering and with Biocidal fungicide spraying prevention and treatment pest and disease damage after bearing fruit, in orchard In, and fly net is set in greenhouse ventilation.The Biocidal fungicide the preparation method comprises the following steps: take it is dry after black false hellebore, crush, By weight plus 8 times of amount volumetric concentrations are 75% ethyl alcohol, are impregnated 3 hours, then heating and refluxing extraction 3 times, every time 0.5 h, filter It crosses, merging filtrate, obtains black false hellebore extracting solution；According to sapindoside: nimbin: black false hellebore extracting solution=1:1:30 ratio, it will Sapindoside and nimbin, which are added in black false hellebore extracting solution, is mixed to get Biocidal fungicide, by the Biocidal when use Fungicide is watered 600 times of liquid are made after reuse.
The greenhouse gardening method of sweet No. 12 muskmelons in above-mentioned osmanthus, the special melon fertilizer the preparation method comprises the following steps:
1. taking following raw material for standby in parts by weight: 35 parts of chicken manure；30 parts of agricultural residues powder；20 parts of manioc waste；Peanut press pulp 20 Part；15 parts of edible fungi residues；2 parts of bentonite；10 parts of urea；8 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate；5 parts of calcium superphosphate；5 parts of ammonium humate；Expand leech 0.5 part of mountain flour；1 part of middle trace element fertilizer；3 parts of cane molasses；0.5 part of biological bacteria；
The middle microelement be containing magnesium, zinc, manganese, iron, boron, calcium fertilizer；Wherein each element and weight ratio are as follows: magnesium: zinc: Manganese: iron: boron: calcium=1:0.6:0.7:0.5:0.5:1, these elements are respectively derived from magnesium sulfate, lignin sulfonic acid zinc, sulfuric acid Manganese, fulvic acid diamines iron, boric acid and calcium silicates；The biological bacteria be bacillus subtilis, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete, actinomyces, Nitrogen-fixing bacteria mix by weight 1:1:1:1:1, and the content specification of each microorganism fungus kind, which is all 100,000,000 every gram or more, to be had Active bacteria is imitated, the biological bacteria needs to activate before use, activation process are as follows: by biological bacteria by weight biological bacteria: water=1: 100 ratio is put into 25 DEG C of warm water, stands 5h to get the biological bacteria of activation is arrived；
2. by chicken manure, agricultural residues powder, manioc waste, peanut press pulp, edible fungi residues, bentonite, calcium superphosphate, ammonium humate, sweet Cane molasses, expanded vermiculite powder, biological bacteria are placed in fermentation vat by weight ratio, are stirred evenly, and control material moisture is 60%, temperature 55-60 DEG C of degree, turning when temperature rises to 60 DEG C ferment one month, obtain fermentation materials；
3. fermentation materials are uniformly mixed with urea, calcium magnesium phosphate and middle trace element fertilizer, special melon fertilizer can be obtained.
Embodiment 2
A kind of greenhouse gardening method of sweet No. 12 muskmelons in osmanthus, includes the following steps:
(1) selection of land site preparation: selection selection face south plot, irrigation and drainage are convenient, the soil is porous, fertile, soil pH value 6.5-7.5 it Between plot, and plough deeply plantation field；
(2) presoaking and germinating: the seed of full grains is selected, is first dried seed 2 days before sowing, is avoided the seed that is exposed to the sun, first use quality Percentage composition be 0.1% liquor potassic permanganate impregnate 10min, then use 48 DEG C of water seed soaking 3h, taking-up, dry moisture, then By towel it is soaked after wring out the seed for packaging and impregnating to not dripping and be placed in plastic casing and carry out vernalization, the accumulative height of seed is small In 2 centimetres, germination temperature control keeps seed wet during 28-30 DEG C, vernalization, can sow when 2/3 seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally；
(3) seeding and seedling raising: the seed after vernalization be seeded in nutritive cube, and matrix components are according to parts by weight in nutritive cube It consists of the following compositions: 45 parts of land；15 parts of leaf mould；8 parts of decomposed cow dung；15 parts of turf；It is loaded on after each component is mixed In nutritive cube；After planting, seedbed day temperature is made to be maintained at 25-30 DEG C, 18-20 DEG C of night；
(4) it is colonized: can be colonized when seedling age 40 days, be colonized the previous moon, depth of soil turning over up to 28cm is carried out in melon ground Soil, then in the soil by 1800kg/ mus of well-rotted farmyard manure, 50 kg/ mus of special melon fertilizer application；It is watered with bottom water, is ploughed deeply, is harrowed Thin leveling builds greenhouse, the high 2m of greenhouse in melon in field planting first 15 days on the ground；It is colonized line-spacing 65cm, spacing in the rows 60cm, it is fixed to be watered with after field planting Root water；
(5) fertilizer and water management after being colonized: field planting started to apply first time liquid manure using the method for trickle irrigation after 10 days, in Fruit early period Using method root application liquid manure 2 times of trickle irrigation, the liquid manure the preparation method comprises the following steps: 50 parts will be urinated people and animals according to parts by weight；Tea Withered 45 parts；35 parts of peanut press pulp；15 parts of plant ash；4 parts of Diammonium phosphate (DAP)；0.3 part of 4 parts of ammonium humate and seven water manganese sulfates are put into fermentation In pond, said mixture material per kilogram raw material injects 65 kg of water, and fermentation is obtained by filtration after 15 days；In seedling stage, stretch the climing phase and just Fruiting period respectively sprays a muskmelon special foliar fertilizer, the muskmelon special foliar fertilizer the preparation method comprises the following steps: according to parts by weight will urine 13 parts of element；9 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate；4 parts of ammonium humate；7 parts of molasses；0.4 part of honey element；0.7 part of citric acid；0.8 part of magnesium sulfate； 0.7 part of zinc sulfate；0.6 part and 600 parts of water of boric acid is mixed to get；Muskmelon is respectively applied with Xie Huahou to fruit expanding period before flowering It special fertilizer 1 time, is applied from 15 centimeters cave of plant, applies 42 kilograms of special melon fertilizer per acre；
(6) training management: in 23-28 DEG C, 15-20 DEG C of night, relative air humidity is remained for day temperature control in greenhouse 55%；Build " well " word facade frame, hanging tendril restocking when main stem long 35cm, with lifting rope the climing winding restocking of melon, training reason is climing in time, The intrafoliaceous lateral bud of main stem is erased, 16 section of fruit section is stayed；Seedling it is long to 4 true leaves when main stem pinching, it is climing to select and remain 3 healthy and strong sons, Wherein a strip is climing stays melon on the climing section of son, and the another climing 3-4 leaf pinching of two strips respectively stays a grandson is climing to stay melon, 3-4 piece is stayed before melon Leaf pinching；
(7) Trivhosantnes Kirilouii Manim: summer and autumn high temperature is pollinated by manually wiping female chapiter with male flower stamen point；Young fruit grows to 350g when progress Cloth is directly to melon handle close to the position of fruit by Trivhosantnes Kirilouii Manim, and the other end ties on the iron wire of traction that hanging melon makes fruiting vine It is in a horizontal state；
(8) it the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: is carried out before flowering and with Biocidal fungicide spraying prevention and treatment pest and disease damage after bearing fruit, in orchard In, and fly net is set in greenhouse ventilation.The Biocidal fungicide the preparation method comprises the following steps: take it is dry after black false hellebore, crush, By weight plus 9 times of amount volumetric concentrations are 70% ethyl alcohol, are impregnated 4 hours, then heating and refluxing extraction 3 times, every time 0.8 h, filter It crosses, merging filtrate, obtains black false hellebore extracting solution；According to sapindoside: nimbin: black false hellebore extracting solution=1:1:30 ratio, it will Sapindoside and nimbin, which are added in black false hellebore extracting solution, is mixed to get Biocidal fungicide, by the Biocidal when use Fungicide is watered 650 times of liquid are made after reuse.
The greenhouse gardening method of sweet No. 12 muskmelons in above-mentioned osmanthus, the special melon fertilizer the preparation method comprises the following steps:
1. taking following raw material for standby in parts by weight: 45 parts of chicken manure；40 parts of agricultural residues powder；35 parts of manioc waste；Peanut press pulp 30 Part；25 parts of edible fungi residues；4 parts of bentonite；15 parts of urea；9 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate；6 parts of calcium superphosphate；7 parts of ammonium humate；Expand leech 0.8 part of mountain flour；2 parts of middle trace element fertilizer；4 parts of cane molasses；0.7 part of biological bacteria；
The middle microelement be containing magnesium, zinc, manganese, iron, boron, calcium fertilizer；Wherein each element and weight ratio are as follows: magnesium: zinc: Manganese: iron: boron: calcium=1:0.6:0.7:0.5:0.5:1, these elements are respectively derived from magnesium sulfate, lignin sulfonic acid zinc, sulfuric acid Manganese, fulvic acid diamines iron, boric acid and calcium silicates；In the preparation method of the special melon fertilizer, the biological bacteria is withered grass bud Spore bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete, actinomyces, nitrogen-fixing bacteria mix by weight 1:1:1:1:1, each microorganism fungus kind Content specification be all 100,000,000 every gram or more effective active bacterium, the biological bacteria needs to activate before use, activation process are as follows: Biological bacteria is put into 28 DEG C of warm water by weight the ratio of 1:100, stands 4h to get the biological bacteria of activation is arrived；
2. by chicken manure, agricultural residues powder, manioc waste, peanut press pulp, edible fungi residues, bentonite, calcium superphosphate, ammonium humate, sweet Cane molasses, expanded vermiculite powder, biological bacteria are placed in fermentation vat by weight ratio, are stirred evenly, and control material moisture is 62%, temperature 55-60 DEG C of degree, turning when temperature rises to 60 DEG C fermentation one month or more, obtain fermentation materials；
3. fermentation materials are uniformly mixed with urea, calcium magnesium phosphate and middle trace element fertilizer, special melon fertilizer can be obtained.
Embodiment 3
A kind of greenhouse gardening method of sweet No. 12 muskmelons in osmanthus, includes the following steps:
(1) selection of land site preparation: selection selection face south plot, irrigation and drainage are convenient, the soil is porous, fertile, soil pH value 6.5-7.5 it Between plot, and plough deeply plantation field；
(2) presoaking and germinating: the seed of full grains is selected, is first dried seed 2 days before sowing, is avoided the seed that is exposed to the sun, first use quality Percentage composition be 0.1% liquor potassic permanganate impregnate 10min, then use 50 DEG C of water seed soaking 3h, taking-up, dry moisture, then By towel it is soaked after wring out the seed for packaging and impregnating to not dripping and be placed in plastic casing and carry out vernalization, the accumulative height of seed is small In 2 centimetres, germination temperature control keeps seed wet during 28-30 DEG C, vernalization, can sow when 2/3 seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally；
(3) seeding and seedling raising: the seed after vernalization be seeded in nutritive cube, and matrix components are according to parts by weight in nutritive cube It consists of the following compositions: 50 parts of land；20 parts of leaf mould；10 parts of decomposed cow dung；20 parts of turf；It is loaded on after each component is mixed In nutritive cube；After planting, seedbed day temperature is made to be maintained at 25-30 DEG C, 18-20 DEG C of night；
(4) it is colonized: can be colonized when seedling age 45 days, be colonized the previous moon, depth of soil turning over up to 30cm is carried out in melon ground Soil, then in the soil by 2000kg/ mus of well-rotted farmyard manure, 50 kg/ mus of special melon fertilizer application；It is watered with bottom water, is ploughed deeply, is harrowed Thin leveling builds greenhouse, the high 2m of greenhouse in melon in field planting first 15 days on the ground；It is colonized line-spacing 65cm, spacing in the rows 60cm, it is fixed to be watered with after field planting Root water；
(5) fertilizer and water management after being colonized: field planting started to apply first time liquid manure using the method for trickle irrigation after 10 days, in Fruit early period Using method root application liquid manure 2 times of trickle irrigation, the liquid manure the preparation method comprises the following steps: 60 parts will be urinated people and animals according to parts by weight；Tea Withered 50 parts；40 parts of peanut press pulp；20 parts of plant ash；5 parts of Diammonium phosphate (DAP)；0.5 part of 5 parts of ammonium humate and seven water manganese sulfates are put into fermentation In pond, said mixture material per kilogram raw material injects 70 kg of water, is obtained by filtration within fermentation 10 days or more；In seedling stage, stretch the climing phase and First fruiting period respectively sprays a muskmelon special foliar fertilizer, the muskmelon special foliar fertilizer the preparation method comprises the following steps: according to parts by weight will 15 parts of urea；10 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate；5 parts of ammonium humate；8 parts of molasses；0.5 part of honey element；1 part of citric acid；1 part of magnesium sulfate； 1 part of zinc sulfate；1 part and 700 parts of water of boric acid is mixed to get；It is dedicated that muskmelon is respectively applied with Xie Huahou to fruit expanding period before flowering Fertilizer 1 time, is applied from 15 centimeters cave of plant, applies 45 kilograms of special melon fertilizer per acre；
(6) training management: in 23-28 DEG C, 15-20 DEG C of night, relative air humidity is remained for day temperature control in greenhouse 60%；Build " well " word facade frame, hanging tendril restocking when main stem long 40cm, with lifting rope the climing winding restocking of melon, training reason is climing in time, The intrafoliaceous lateral bud of main stem is erased, 18 section of fruit section is stayed；Seedling it is long to 4 true leaves when main stem pinching, it is climing to select and remain 3 healthy and strong sons, Wherein a strip is climing stays melon on the climing section of son, and the another climing 3-4 leaf pinching of two strips respectively stays a grandson is climing to stay melon, 3-4 piece is stayed before melon Leaf pinching；
(7) Trivhosantnes Kirilouii Manim: summer and autumn high temperature is pollinated by manually wiping female chapiter with male flower stamen point；Young fruit grows to 500g when progress Cloth is directly to melon handle close to the position of fruit by Trivhosantnes Kirilouii Manim, and the other end ties on the iron wire of traction that hanging melon makes fruiting vine It is in a horizontal state；
(8) it the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: is carried out before flowering and with Biocidal fungicide spraying prevention and treatment pest and disease damage after bearing fruit, in orchard In, and fly net is set in greenhouse ventilation.The Biocidal fungicide the preparation method comprises the following steps: take it is dry after black false hellebore, crush, By weight plus 10 times of amount volumetric concentrations are 65% ethyl alcohol, are impregnated 5 hours, then heating and refluxing extraction 3 times, every time 1.0 h, filter It crosses, merging filtrate, obtains black false hellebore extracting solution；According to sapindoside: nimbin: black false hellebore extracting solution=1:1:30 ratio, it will Sapindoside and nimbin, which are added in black false hellebore extracting solution, is mixed to get Biocidal fungicide, by the Biocidal when use Fungicide is watered 700 times of liquid are made after reuse.
The greenhouse gardening method of sweet No. 12 muskmelons in above-mentioned osmanthus, the special melon fertilizer the preparation method comprises the following steps:
1. taking following raw material for standby in parts by weight: 50 parts of chicken manure；45 parts of agricultural residues powder；45 parts of manioc waste；Peanut press pulp 40 Part；35 parts of edible fungi residues；5 parts of bentonite；20 parts of urea；10 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate；7 parts of calcium superphosphate；10 parts of ammonium humate；Expansion 1 part of vermiculite power；3 parts of middle trace element fertilizer；5 parts of cane molasses；1 part of biological bacteria；
The middle microelement be containing magnesium, zinc, manganese, iron, boron, calcium fertilizer；Wherein each element and weight ratio are as follows: magnesium: zinc: Manganese: iron: boron: calcium=1:0.6:0.7:0.5:0.5:1, these elements are respectively derived from magnesium sulfate, lignin sulfonic acid zinc, sulfuric acid Manganese, fulvic acid diamines iron, boric acid and calcium silicates；The biological bacteria be bacillus subtilis, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete, actinomyces, Nitrogen-fixing bacteria mix by weight 1:1:1:1:1,
The content specification of each microorganism fungus kind is all 100,000,000 every gram or more effective active bacterium, and the biological bacteria is before use It needs to activate, activation process are as follows: be put into 30 DEG C of warm water biological bacteria by weight the ratio of 1:100, stand 3h to get work is arrived The biological bacteria of change；
2. by chicken manure, agricultural residues powder, manioc waste, peanut press pulp, edible fungi residues, bentonite, calcium superphosphate, ammonium humate, sweet Cane molasses, expanded vermiculite powder, biological bacteria are placed in fermentation vat by weight ratio, are stirred evenly, and control material moisture is 65%, temperature 55-60 DEG C of degree, turning when temperature rises to 60 DEG C ferment 40 days, obtain fermentation materials；
3. fermentation materials are uniformly mixed with urea, calcium magnesium phosphate and middle trace element fertilizer, special melon fertilizer can be obtained.
Application effect
Disease pest of sweet No. 12 muskmelons in osmanthus planted using the greenhouse gardening method of No. 12 muskmelons of osmanthus honey of the present invention in planting process The fruit quality that evil situation and plantation obtain is as shown in table 1 below:
It is above-mentioned as it can be seen that obvious using the greenhouse gardening method plantation muskmelon preventing disease and pest effect of osmanthus of the present invention No. 12 muskmelons of honey, drop The low incidence of pest and disease damage, and safety and environmental protection, unharmful substance residual, green ecological plantation, the muskmelon fruit planted Real full, meat is more, and thin skin, mouthfeel is fresh and crisp, and sugar foot, center soluble solid content is high, and quality is excellent, and single fruit weight is high, yield Height is compared with previous Muskmelon Planting method, improves 15% or more, and planting cost using this method plantation melon yield It substantially reduces.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of greenhouse gardening method of sweet No. 12 muskmelons in osmanthus, which comprises the steps of:
(1) selection of land site preparation: plot, irrigation and drainage are conveniently on the sunny side, the soil is porous, fertile, soil pH value is in 6.5-7.5 for selection selection Between plot, and plough deeply plantation field；
(2) presoaking and germinating: the seed of full grains is selected, is first dried seed 2 days before sowing, is avoided the seed that is exposed to the sun, first use matter Measure percentage composition be 0.1% liquor potassic permanganate impregnate 10min, then use 45-50 DEG C of water seed soaking 3h, taking-up, dry moisture, Then by towel it is soaked after wring out the seed for packaging and impregnating to not dripping and be placed in plastic casing and carry out vernalization, the accumulative height of seed Degree is less than 2 centimetres, and germination temperature control keeps seed wet during 28-30 DEG C, vernalization, when 2/3 seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally Sowing；
(3) seeding and seedling raising: the seed after vernalization be seeded in nutritive cube, and matrix components are in parts by weight in nutritive cube Meter consists of the following compositions: 35-50 parts of land；10-20 parts of leaf mould；7-10 parts of decomposed cow dung；10-20 parts of turf；It will be each Loaded in nutritive cube after component mixing；After planting, seedbed day temperature is made to be maintained at 25-30 DEG C, 18-20 DEG C of night；
(4) be colonized: can be colonized when seedling age 35-45 days, be colonized the previous moon, in melon ground progress depth of soil up to 25~ 30cm's digs, then in the soil by 1500~2000kg/ mus of well-rotted farmyard manure, 50 kg/ mus of special melon fertilizer application；It pours Vola water, is ploughed deeply, and harrows thin leveling, builds greenhouse, the high 2m of greenhouse on the ground in melon within field planting first 15 days；It is colonized line-spacing 65cm, spacing in the rows 60cm is watered with root water after field planting；
(5) fertilizer and water management after being colonized: field planting started to apply first time liquid manure using the method for trickle irrigation after 10 days, before Fruit Phase uses method root application liquid manure for 2 times of trickle irrigation, in seedling stage, stretches the climing phase and first fruiting period respectively sprays a muskmelon special foliar fertilizer, It is respectively applied to fruit expanding period special melon fertilizer 1 time before blooming with Xie Huahou, is applied from 15 centimeters cave of plant, apply muskmelon per acre 40-45 kilograms of special fertilizer；
(6) training management: in 23-28 DEG C, 15-20 DEG C of night, relative air humidity is remained for day temperature control in greenhouse 50%~60%；Build " well " word facade frame, hanging tendril restocking when main stem long 30-40cm, with lifting rope the climing winding restocking of melon, in time Training reason is climing, erases the intrafoliaceous lateral bud of main stem, and fruit section 12-18 is stayed to save；Main stem pinching when seedling length to 4 true leaves, selects and remain 3 The healthy and strong son of item is climing, wherein a strip is climing to stay melon on the climing section of son, the another climing 3-4 leaf pinching of two strips respectively stays a grandson is climing to stay melon, 3-4 piece leaf pinching is stayed before melon；
(7) Trivhosantnes Kirilouii Manim: summer and autumn high temperature is pollinated by manually wiping female chapiter with male flower stamen point；When young fruit grows to 250-500g Trivhosantnes Kirilouii Manim is carried out, is directly to melon handle close to the position of fruit by cloth, the other end ties on the iron wire of traction, and melon, which is hung, to be made to tie Fruit is climing to be in a horizontal state；
(8) it the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: is carried out before flowering and with Biocidal fungicide spraying prevention and treatment pest and disease damage after bearing fruit, in orchard In, and fly net is set in greenhouse ventilation.
2. the greenhouse gardening method of sweet No. 12 muskmelons in osmanthus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described in step (5) Liquid manure the preparation method comprises the following steps: will according to parts by weight, by people and animals urinate 40-60 parts；40-50 parts of tea seed cake；25-40 parts of peanut press pulp；Grass 10-20 parts of wood ash；3-5 parts of Diammonium phosphate (DAP)；0.1-0.5 parts of 3-5 parts of ammonium humate and seven water manganese sulfate are put into fermentation vat, above-mentioned Mixed material per kilogram raw material injects 60-70 kg of water, is obtained by filtration within fermentation 10 days or more.
3. the greenhouse gardening method of sweet No. 12 muskmelons in osmanthus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described in step (5) Muskmelon special foliar fertilizer the preparation method comprises the following steps: according to parts by weight by 10-15 parts of urea；8-10 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate；Humic acid 3-5 parts of ammonium；5-8 parts of molasses；0.3-0.5 parts of honey element；0.5-1 parts of citric acid；0.5-1 parts of magnesium sulfate；0.5-1 parts of zinc sulfate； 0.5-1 parts and water 500-700 parts of boric acid are mixed to get.
4. the greenhouse gardening method of sweet No. 12 muskmelons in osmanthus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the special melon fertilizer The preparation method comprises the following steps:
1. taking following raw material for standby in parts by weight: 35-50 parts of chicken manure；30-45 parts of agricultural residues powder；20-45 parts of manioc waste； 20-40 parts of peanut press pulp；15-35 parts of edible fungi residues；2-5 parts of bentonite；10-20 parts of urea；8-10 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate；Calcium superphosphate 5-7 parts；5-10 parts of ammonium humate；0.5-1 parts of expanded vermiculite powder；Middle trace element fertilizer 1-3 parts；3-5 parts of cane molasses；Biological bacteria 0.5-1 parts；
2. by chicken manure, agricultural residues powder, manioc waste, peanut press pulp, edible fungi residues, bentonite, calcium superphosphate, ammonium humate, sweet Cane molasses, expanded vermiculite powder, biological bacteria are placed in fermentation vat by weight ratio, are stirred evenly, control material moisture in 60-65%, 55-60 DEG C of temperature, turning when temperature rises to 60 DEG C fermentation one month or more, obtains fermentation materials；
3. fermentation materials are uniformly mixed with urea, calcium magnesium phosphate and middle trace element fertilizer, special melon fertilizer can be obtained.
5. the greenhouse gardening method of sweet No. 12 muskmelons in osmanthus according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the special melon fertilizer Preparation method in, the middle microelement be containing magnesium, zinc, manganese, iron, boron, calcium fertilizer；Wherein each element and weight ratio Are as follows: magnesium: zinc: manganese: iron: boron: calcium=1:0.6:0.7:0.5:0.5:1, these elements are respectively derived from magnesium sulfate, sulfomethylated lignin Sour zinc, manganese sulfate, fulvic acid diamines iron, boric acid and calcium silicates.
6. the greenhouse gardening method of sweet No. 12 muskmelons in osmanthus according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the special melon fertilizer Preparation method in, the biological bacteria is bacillus subtilis, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete, actinomyces, nitrogen-fixing bacteria by weight 1: 1:1:1:1 is mixed, and the content specification of each microorganism fungus kind is all 100,000,000 every gram or more effective active bacterium, the life Object bacterium needs to activate before use, activation process are as follows: biological bacteria is put into 25-30 DEG C of warm water by weight the ratio of 1:100, 3-5h is stood to get the biological bacteria of activation is arrived.
7. the greenhouse gardening method of sweet No. 12 muskmelons in osmanthus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described in step (8) Biocidal fungicide the preparation method comprises the following steps: take it is dry after black false hellebore, crush, by weight plus 8-10 times to measure volumetric concentration be 65- 75% ethyl alcohol impregnates 3-5 hours, then heating and refluxing extraction 3 times, each 0.5-1.0 h, and filtration, merging filtrate obtains Chenopodiaceae Reed extracting solution；According to sapindoside: nimbin: black false hellebore extracting solution=1:1:30 ratio, by sapindoside and nimbin It is added in black false hellebore extracting solution and is mixed to get Biocidal fungicide, which is watered by when use is made 600 It is reused after~700 times of liquid.
CN201811022939.2A 2018-09-04 2018-09-04 A kind of greenhouse gardening method of sweet No. 12 muskmelons in osmanthus Pending CN109156286A (en)

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CN111492908A (en) * 2020-05-25 2020-08-07 广西农业职业技术学院 Cultivation method for interplanting melons and peppers
CN116649163A (en) * 2023-05-17 2023-08-29 宁海县蔬菜瓜果产业协会 High-quality cultivation process of greenhouse muskmelon

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