CN104885761A - Cultivation method of conservation rock-desertification area sechium edule - Google Patents
Cultivation method of conservation rock-desertification area sechium edule Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method of conservation rock-desertification area sechium edule. The cultivation method is characterized in that the variety of the cultivated sechium edule is 'fuyou'. The cultivation method includes the steps of seedling culture, field planting, pruning and shaping, fertilizer and water management, field management and pest control. By the method, continuous expansion of the rock desertification area is prevented effectively, and water retaining and water loss and soil erosion reduction effects on soil of the conservation rock-desertification area are achieved. Meanwhile, the sechium edule of the variety 'fuyou' is popularized and planted in the conservation rock-desertification area for the first time, and the planted sechium edule has the advantages of low fruit-bearing sections, early fruit bearing, high yield, good quality and the like, and great economic and social benefits are obtained.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultivation method of economic crops, particularly conserve the cultivation method of Karst Mountains Desertification Area chocho.
Background technology
Chocho
(Sechium edule), be commonly called as falcon people melon, Annan's melon, longevity melon, be a kind of Curcurbitaceae chocho platymiscium, originate in Mexico, Central America and the West Indies, within 1915, import China into, be with plantation at China Chiang-Nan one, maximum with Yunnan, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Taiwan.Chocho is clear and melodious, containing abundant nutrition.Containing 5 grams, protein, 1 gram, fat, cellulose 30 grams, 77 grams, carbohydrate in every kilogram of fresh melon, also containing Catergen 20 milligrams, 0.1 milligram, vitamin b3, calcic 500 milligrams, P 32 0 milligram, iron 40 milligrams.Chocho both can be cooked, and can work as again fruit and eat something rare.Add that curcumbitate such as two palms are puted the palms together before one, have the meaning of Buddhism blessing, be loved by the people.
Fruit of Sechium Edule, young stem and leaf, tendril, underground block root all can cook dish, are pollution-free vegetables worthy of the name.Huge stem is climing capable of using as feed; The climing source that can be used as strong fiber of melon, is used for processing rope.Fruit is higher containing zinc, obvious to the intelligence development of children, both sexes aphoria, especially male's sexual decline curative effect, can alleviate the elderly's blurring of image.The tender melon calcic of growth 20d is higher than cucumber, wax gourd and custard squash more than 2 times, and iron content is 4 times of pumpkin, 12 times of cucumber, with white or cream-colored variety and quality the best.Fruit type is graceful, is applicable to flower garden plantation, can for viewing and admiring and greening of shading.The main medical value of chocho is: 1. chocho is in gourd vegetables Middle nutrition comprehensive and abundant, and normal food is useful to the ability strengthening human body resist the disease.2. the content of chocho protein and calcium be the 2-3 of cucumber doubly, vitamin and content of mineral substances are also significantly higher than that other are melon, and heat is very low, is again low-sodium diet, is the health-care vegetable of cardiopathy, patients with hypertension.Often eat chocho and diuresis can arrange sodium, have the function of hemangiectasis, step-down.3. according to National Nutrient association, zinc is comparatively large on children ' s intelligence development impact, and normal food contains the more chocho of zinc, contributes to improving intelligence.4. the traditional Chinese medical science thinks that it has regulating the flow of Qi and the middle Jiao, the effect of soothing the liver cough-relieving, is suitable for indigestion, inflatable uncomfortable in chest, vomiting, stomachache due to emotional depression and the hyperactive liver-qi attacking the stomach and tracheitis cough ant phlegm person edible.5. the content of chocho seedling selenium every 100 grams up to 30.58-53.01 microgram, be that various vegetables can not be compared.Modern medicine proves, selenium element is the indispensable trace element of human body, and the intake of each adult every day should be 30-50 microgram, and selenium element has stronger antioxidation, the 26S Proteasome Structure and Function of Cell protection film can exempt from infringement etc.6. the sterility that causes because of nutrition men and women of chocho, especially has good curative effect to male's sexual decline.According to National Nutrient association, zinc is comparatively large on children ' s intelligence development impact, and normal food contains the more chocho of zinc, contributes to improving intelligence.The traditional Chinese medical science thinks that it has regulating the flow of Qi and the middle Jiao, the effect of soothing the liver cough-relieving, is suitable for indigestion, inflatable uncomfortable in chest, vomiting, stomachache due to emotional depression and the hyperactive liver-qi attacking the stomach and tracheitis cough ant phlegm person edible.
The a lot of provinces, cities and autonomous regions of south China, much conserve mountain areas as the ground such as Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangdong, Jiangxi have.The feature of self-restraint mountain areas is that the water with corrosion power carries out the general name that corrosion etc. acts on earth's surface and the underground form formed, also known as karst features to solublerock.Except corrosion, also comprise the erosion of flowing water, erosion of diving, and the mechanical erosion process such as to collapse.Before centuries, the self-restraint mountain areas rainfall of south China is abundant, have abundant water resources, virgin forest coverage rate is high, aboundresources, beautiful scenery, but along with the growth of entrance, the mankind are in self-restraint mountain areas Fast Activities, just cause the destruction of mountain areas forest, the Karst Desertification in current Southwestern China self-restraint area has been current global the most serious one of environment and socioeconomic problem, when we are having a taste of self-restraint peak forest in different poses and with different expressions and stone forest wonder, after the superb craftsmanship of admiration the Nature, hardly realize that our home is engulfed in self-restraint stony desertification just gradually, threaten our production and life.Under the fragile ecological environment in self-restraint area, because locals is to the unreasonable exploitation of land resources, cause vegetation deterioration, water and soil loss, land capability decline or lose, rock is exposed gradually, and earth's surface presents similar desertscape.At present, the Rocky desertification hazard of China nearly more than 70% is mainly distributed in southern 8 provinces (district, city) such as Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Chongqing, Sichuan, Guangdong centered by Guizhou Plateau, stony desertification area reaches 12.96 ten thousand square kilometres, annual land area of approximately engulfing 1856 square kilometres, overall in aggravation trend.
For intensity Rocky Desertification Region, due to the relation numerous imbalances of human and environment, the mankind lack basic life condition, therefore the ecology strategy based on clear-cutting forestland is mainly taked to the improvement of stony desertification, except planned, do systematically Ecological Immigration, the measure such as take to close hillsides to facilitate afforestation progressively recovers vegetation, and the eco-tour of reasonable development self-restraint.For moderate Rocky Desertification Region, mainly take to administer into main ecology strategy, by conceding the land to forestry, developing, the measures such as farm forestry are actively administered.For slight Rocky Desertification Region; mainly taking to administer is ecology strategy that is main, that strengthen prevention; carry out the Comprehensive ecological control of the ecological agriculture, courtyard economy; strengthen farmland capital construction, rural energy construction and man and livestock drinking water project construction; protect existing soil and vegetation cover, prevent new stony desertification soil.
Carry out studying becoming focus gradually for self-restraint Karst Mountains Desertification Area exploitation long-term cropping, as authorized publication number being: the invention of CN102907249B: the cultivation method of the mulberry tree of self-restraint Karst Mountains Desertification Area, adopting " Gui Sang excellent 62 " mulberry tree breed as stock, " No. 10, farming and sericulture " mulberry tree breed is as scion, cultivation method comprises wholely, nursery and grafting, seedling treatment, plantation, pruner cuts down, field management, the steps such as the extermination of disease and insect pest, the mulberry tree breed of the present invention's cultivation has well developed root system, water moisture self restraint, tree-like larger, branch is many, joint shape is given prominence to, accessory bud is many greatly, leaf oblong, dark green leaf color, blade face is flat and smooth, gloss is stronger, mesophyll is thick, for the high-quality mulberry leaf of breeding silkworms, can also as cowboying, the excellent food of sheep raising, give self-restraint mountain areas Revegetation of Eco-environment and increase income to mass peasants.
On this basis, inventor tests various crop again, find the extra earning that not only can realize economic benefit at self-restraint Karst Mountains Desertification Area plantation chocho, the continuation that can also improve severe ecotope worsens, to self-restraint Karst Mountains Desertification Area soil, there is water-retaining effect, reduce the effect of water and soil loss.Chocho strong adaptability, economize in Yunnan Province of China, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Taiwan etc. and all can plant, chocho requires strict to soil, sandy soil, loam, husky earth all can be planted, and happiness temperature, heat-resisting, resistance to lean, be planting trees on barren hills, the fine tree species of the environment that conserves water and soil, improves.But under self-restraint stony desertification condition, plant chocho, how to overcome moisture and lack, the problems such as soil condition is poor, soil water-reataining fertilizer-keeping ability, meanwhile, select which kind of kind plantation to be also the problem needing to need further to solve.
Summary of the invention
The object of invention is to provide a kind of cultivation method conserving Karst Mountains Desertification Area chocho, not only can planting trees on barren hills, conserve water and soil, improve environment; Can also economic benefit be created at self-restraint Karst Mountains Desertification Area plantation chocho, for peasant increases production extra earning, walk Sustainable Development Road and foundation is provided.
The cultivation method of self-restraint Karst Mountains Desertification Area chocho of the present invention comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting kind: " bliss " is a kind of chocho, is that Fujian Province's Youxi County Institute of agricultural sciences is bred as, and is that a kind of kind is then when producing the fruit and vegetable received for many years per year, nutritive value is higher, and many containing potassium, few containing sodium, delicious meat, taste is unique, and crude fiber content is lower, protein and moisture high, and be rich in multivitamin and mineral matter, substantially not having disease worm to cause harm, is a kind of typical pollution-free high-quality fruit and vegetable, very popular.Have following biological property: bliss chocho well developed root system, distribution is wide, main root 2-4m, and main climing more than 10m, joint has branch, and every branch 3-5 level side shoot, climing slightly rounded, look green, has unconspicuous vertical rib, stipes has tendril.Blade alternate, in palmate pentagon, central one jiao point is long especially, and green to strong green, blade face is more coarse, slightly gloss, and blade, petiole are all had fine hair.Synoecy, male flower is raceme, inflorescence axial length 8-19c m, female flower Dan Sheng, and corolla equal 5 splits, and pattern is yellowish, cross pollination.Fruit resembles a pear in shape, obvious longitudinal furrow 5, top suture l bar, surface smoother, there is hard thorn in part melon face, the green white of epidermis, melon meat white, fiber is few, has fragrant, fruit look by green to milky, summer melon (Autumnal Equinox before product melon) single fruit weight 180-300g, after autumn melon (, the melon produced after the Autumnal Equinox) 250-400g, ripe kind more than melon 500g, bearing capacity is extremely strong, general 200-700, individual plant knot melon.Every melon is containing 1 seed, and pulp and seed coat fit tightly, not easily separated, and seed is avette, flat.Whole kind of melon is propagating materials, without resting stage, if gather not in time after ripe, and easy vivipary.
(2) nursery: select large in fruit, profile neat, do to plant a melon without the fruit of disability parasitosis, kind of a melon newspaper is wrapped, keeps higher air humidity, prevent melon bud from thirsting or melon skin drying shrinkage, being placed in greenhouse by solar heat, is vernalization under the condition of 15 ~ 20 DEG C in temperature; After 20 ~ 30 days, when the long 2 ~ 3cm of chocho bud, bastem portion have the fibrous root of 4 ~ 5cm to send, can in good time field planting.
(3) field planting: according to spacing in the rows 3m × 3.5m, 30 ~ 35 plants/acre of specifications dig cave field planting, and every cave length and width are 90cm × 90cm × 70cm deeply; First the table soil dug out first is put into plant hole before field planting, then add base manure, base manure is mixed evenly with table soil and is added a small amount of earth again, and expanded to surrounding by seedling fibrous root during field planting, with fine earth, Baconic treads, and a little higher than ground of last earthing, waters after plantation, then earth up; After field planting, in cave, week plugs in pole and covers straw or film.
(4) pruning: after chocho field planting survives, plant take out climing be 30 ~ 40cm to main climing length time carry out first time pinching, stay 3 sub climing continued growths of stalwartness and put up a shed in time, 1 ~ 2 pinching is carried out when growing to 2 ~ 3m after main climing upper canopy, to promote multiple branch, increase knot melon number, make that melon is climing to be radially uniformly distributed on frame; Enter vigorous period easily mutually to shelter from heat or light, occur the climing overlap of leaf, withered and fruit drop phenomenon, most of male flower and overstocked branches and leaves can be extractd, reduce nutrient consumption, increase permeability, keep robust plant in great numbers.
(5) rich water quality management: the base manure executed in the hole, cave dug before field planting be become thoroughly decomposed pig chicken manure 5 ~ 10kg, 3 ~ 4% urea 2kg, superphosphate 0.5 ~ 1kg, and use 200 ~ 300 grams of water-loss reducers and 1 ~ 2kg compound pesticide fertilizer; When starting rudiment after plant is pruned and melon is real topdresses when starting hypertrophy, topdress every year 2 ~ 3 times, manure use is main, coordinates and imposes appropriate compound organic and inorganic fertilizer; Timely draining is irrigated, and accomplishes not flooded not non-irrigated; To shedding withholding period after chocho tree is just spent, every spray in 15 ~ 20 days foliage fertilizer, connect spray 2 ~ 3 times.
(6) field management: control shoot grows, the flower bud phase supplements potash fertilizer in time, and the florescence supplements boron fertilizer, flower thinning bud picking; In flowering stage, each brachyplast only stays 1 ~ 2 flower, and remaining will be removed, and is all removed by the spring bud on trunk and large branch; Timely pruning is spent to malformed fruit, sick fruit disease; Find that there is and be short of seedling, should reseed in time, the plant reseeded will be strengthened management.
(7) extermination of disease and insect pest is the control to yellow twig, anthracnose, shot hole, Sooty mould, trialeurodes vaporariorum, aphid, scale insect, two spotted spider mite; Use the insect pest of botanical insect-proof agent control chocho; Use harmless bactericidal agent for preventing and treating chocho disease.
Above-described fertilizer, after saccharomyces cerevisiae, microbial fermentation inoculum, general calcium being mixed, adds water and stir, convert into mother liquor, then add in mother liquor sugar mill mud, ash, algae, peanut press pulp to stir soak, ferment 5 ~ 10 days, to obtain final product.
Above-described water-loss reducer is one or more in acrylamide, hydroxy-ethyl acrylate, ferrous sulfate, acrylic acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ferrous sulfate or zeolite.
The above compound organic and inorganic fertilizer contains inorganic fertilizer, fertilizer, compound amino acid, moderate-element and trace element; The percentage by weight that its each component accounts for Chemical Mixed Fertilizer gross weight is: inorganic fertilizer N+P2O5+K2O total nutrient 44%-45%, organic >=18%, compound amino acid 4% ~ 8%, moderate-element 0.4% ~ 0.8% and trace element 0.1% ~ 0.2%;
Above-described fertilizer is by Wastage of food industry, sugar mill mud, culture propagation waste liquid and molasses alcohol waste liquid, add zymophyte again to ferment the product obtained, wherein culture propagation waste liquid accounts for the 5-10% of fertilizer gross weight, and molasses alcohol waste liquid accounts for 15 ~ 20% of fertilizer gross weight.
Above-described compound pesticide fertilizer contains insecticide nimbin, pyrethrosin and sumicidin percentage by weight and is respectively 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.5%, and N P and K weight ratio is 20:5:20.
Above-described foliage fertilizer is uniformly mixed plant amino acid, humic acid urea iron, protolysate, trace element, humus, chitin and probio, ferments 3 ~ 5 days, to obtain final product; Foliage fertilizer is diluted with water to 200 times to spray.
The material composition of above-described botanical insect-proof agent and parts by weight are: Folium Meliae 30 ~ 40 parts, pine tree leaf 15 ~ 20 parts, tarragon 5 ~ 10 parts, wash one's hands fruit soak 0.5 part, using method is smashed by above-mentioned material, adds 5 ~ 10 times of water, boil half an hour, get filtrate sprinkling.
Folium Meliae is the leaf of Meliaceae plant chinaberry (Melia azedarach L) and melia toosendan (M.toosendan Sieb.Et Zucc), the whole year all can gather, using fresh herb or dry, and is a kind of Chinese traditional herbs of China, in China, most area has distribution, is the plant that a kind of resource is very abundant; Folium Meliae is to insect, and such as two spotted spider mite, white moth plant hopper etc., have very strong food refusal, deterrent effect, be developed as a kind of novel vegetable insecticide, when using as Chinese medicine, polygonum flaccidum is used for heat-clearing and damp-drying drug, promoting qi circulation and relieving pain, eczema itch, sore tinea scabies leprosy, snake bite and insect sting, trichomonas vaginitis, hernia pain, treating swelling and pain by traumatic injury.
Thing pine tree (
pinus) leaf in containing the composition such as australene, amphene, nopinene, α-terpinolene, bornyl acetate, trans-caryophyllene, two ring germacrenes, α-amorphene, δ-cadinene, α-cadinene, these compositions all have avoidance effect in various degree to the insect such as Homoptera, Lepidoptera, have kill activity to mite class.
Tarragon be feverfew Chinese mugwort (
artemisia argyi Levl. et Vant.) dried leaves, all produce in most of China area.Be good with Hubei Qi Zhou (local of Li Shizhen (1518-1593 A.D.)) product person, claim " Chinese mugwort ", because it obtains rustic suitable, leaf is thick and suede is many, and as the material of moxibustion treatment, power is maximum.Pluck when summer, flower was not opened, removing impurity, dries or dries in the shade.Tarragon taste is pungent, bitter, warm in nature, has warming channel for arresting bleeding, eliminating cold to stop pain, effect of wet down desinsection.Research shows, P-Cymene is 0.024 μ L/cm to reaching LD50 after insecticidal effect 24 h of corn weevil
3, be 0.030 μ L/cm to LD50 after confused flour beetle 72 h
3.
Above-described harmless bactericide is one or more in allicin, eugenol, ground cinnamon, wintergreen, turpentine oil.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, chocho kind is introduced a fine variety at self-restraint Karst Mountains Desertification Area and plants experimentally successfully by the present invention first, chocho kind " bliss " is the current Main Cultivars of China, by this Introduced Cultivars to the plantation of self-restraint Karst Mountains Desertification Area district, enrich the kind of self-restraint stony desertification long-term cropping, and the plantation of chocho is successfully local farmers volume increase extra earning, significant to the geographical environment and social environment improving Rocky Desertification Region.
2, the clear and melodious succulence of chocho of the inventive method plantation, delicious good to eat, nutritive value is higher, both can cook, and can work as again fruit and eat something rare; Useful to the ability strengthening human body resist the disease, diuresis can arrange sodium, have the function of hemangiectasis, step-down; According to medical research, zinc is sent out children's intelligence can be affected comparatively greatly, lacks zinc children mental retardation, and normal food contains the more many melons of Buddhist of zinc, can improve intelligence; The sterility that chocho causes because of nutrition reason men and women is especially useful to male sexual decline.Heat-resisting, resistance to nonirrigated farmland, pest-resistant disease.
3, cultivation method of the present invention adopts the advanced farming such as compound pesticide fertilizer, fertilizer, harmless botanical insect-proof agent, fertilizer and removes insect pest technology, not only effectively improve the soil property environment of self-restraint Karst Mountains Desertification Area, soil with organic matter content is increased greatly, and the fertile one of medicine, the fertile economic benefits and social benefits of medicine, while guarantee nutrition, also serve good insecticidal effect, under the condition of stony desertification traffic of mountain area inconvenience, significantly reduce the cost of labor of the blue or green jujube of plantation.
4, chocho of the present invention " bliss " kind have that knot melon joint position is low, knot melon early, output is high, summer melon (gathering before August 10) accounts for gross yield 42%, and quality is good, benefit advantages of higher; Plantation chocho not only can be increased income, also capable of purifying air, greening environment; And can efficiently solve in chocho production and there is the problems such as deterioration of variety, receipts phase beginning is slow, early yield is low, economic benefit is poor, new life is injected in the development for this featured agriculture industry.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
(1) kind is selected: chocho kind is " bliss ".
(2) nursery: select large in fruit, profile neat, do to plant a melon without the chocho of disability parasitosis, kind of a melon newspaper is wrapped, keeps higher air humidity, prevent melon bud from thirsting or melon skin drying shrinkage, being placed in greenhouse by solar heat, is vernalization under the condition of 15 ~ 20 DEG C in temperature; After 20 ~ 30 days, when the long 2 ~ 3cm of chocho bud, bastem portion have the fibrous root of 4 ~ 5cm to send, can in good time field planting.
(3) field planting: according to spacing in the rows 3m × 3.5m, 30 ~ 35 plants/acre of specifications dig cave field planting, and every cave length and width are 90cm × 90cm × 70cm deeply; First the table soil dug out first is put into plant hole before field planting, then add base manure, base manure is mixed evenly with table soil and is added a small amount of earth again, and expanded to surrounding by seedling fibrous root during field planting, with fine earth, Baconic treads, and a little higher than ground of last earthing, waters after plantation, then earth up; After field planting, in cave, week plugs in pole and covers straw or film.
(4) pruning: after chocho field planting survives, plant take out climing to main climing grow to 30 ~ 40cm time carry out first time pinching, stay 3 sub climing continued growths of stalwartness and put up a shed in time, 1 ~ 2 pinching is carried out when growing to 2 ~ 3m after main climing upper canopy, to promote multiple branch, increase knot melon number, make that melon is climing to be radially uniformly distributed on frame; Enter vigorous period easily mutually to shelter from heat or light, occur the climing overlap of leaf, withered and fruit drop phenomenon, most of male flower and overstocked branches and leaves can be extractd, reduce nutrient consumption, increase permeability, keep robust plant in great numbers.
(5) rich water quality management: the base manure executed in the hole, cave dug before field planting be become thoroughly decomposed pig chicken manure 5 ~ 10kg, 3 ~ 4% urea 2kg, superphosphate 0.5 ~ 1kg, and use 200 ~ 300 grams of water-loss reducers and 1 ~ 2kg compound pesticide fertilizer; When starting rudiment after plant is pruned and melon is real topdresses when starting hypertrophy, topdress every year 2 ~ 3 times, manure use is main, coordinates and imposes appropriate compound organic and inorganic fertilizer; Timely draining is irrigated, and accomplishes not flooded not non-irrigated; To shedding withholding period after chocho tree is just spent, every spray in 15 ~ 20 days foliage fertilizer, connect spray 2 ~ 3 times.
(6) field management: control shoot grows, the flower bud phase supplements potash fertilizer in time, and the florescence supplements boron fertilizer, flower thinning bud picking; In flowering stage, each brachyplast only stays 1 ~ 2 flower, and remaining will be removed, and is all removed by the spring bud on trunk and large branch; Timely pruning is spent to malformed fruit, sick fruit disease; Find that there is and be short of seedling, should reseed in time, the plant reseeded will be strengthened management.
(7) extermination of disease and insect pest is the control to yellow twig, anthracnose, shot hole, Sooty mould, trialeurodes vaporariorum, aphid, scale insect, two spotted spider mite; Use the insect pest of botanical insect-proof agent control chocho; Use harmless bactericidal agent for preventing and treating chocho disease.
The control efficiency of table 1 chocho " bliss " kind in the different bearing stage to disease and insect pest
| The dispenser phase | Spraying times | Diseased plant rate | Insect pest rate | Severity |
| Young sprout germination period | 2 | 8.5% | 9.2% | Slightly |
| Vegetative period | 4 | 10.9% | 12.1% | Gently |
| Initial bloom stage | 3 | 13.1% | 13.7% | Gently |
| CK | 0 | 96.2% | 98.0% | Heavy |
Note: disease generation severity divide do not occur, slightly, gently, in, heavily etc. 5 grades.
Have that knot melon joint position is low by technique scheme in chocho " bliss " kind of self-restraint Karst Mountains Desertification Area cultivation, knot melon morning, quality better, advantage that output is high, per mu yield 5500 ~ 6500 kilograms, good harvest is created to local peasant household, simultaneously, through 5 years planting experimentally and promoting, local Karst Mountains Desertification Area effectively shortens the process continuing to worsen, the suitable regional large-scale promotion at home with conditions of similarity.
Claims (9)
1. conserve a cultivation method for Karst Mountains Desertification Area chocho, it is characterized in that: the chocho kind of cultivating is for " bliss ", and cultivation method comprises the step of nursery, field planting, trimming and finishing, rich water quality management, field management and the extermination of disease and insect pest:
Described nursery is: select large in fruit, profile neat, do to plant a melon without the chocho of disability parasitosis, kind of a melon newspaper is wrapped, keeps higher air humidity, prevent melon bud from thirsting or melon skin drying shrinkage, being placed in greenhouse by solar heat, is vernalization under the condition of 15 ~ 20 DEG C in temperature; After 20 ~ 30 days, when the long 2 ~ 3cm of chocho bud, bastem portion have the fibrous root of 4 ~ 5cm to send, get final product in good time field planting;
Described field planting is: according to spacing in the rows 3m × 3.5m, and 30 ~ 35 plants/acre of specifications dig cave field planting, and every cave length and width are 90cm × 90cm × 70cm deeply; First the table soil dug out first is put into plant hole before field planting, then add base manure, base manure is mixed evenly with table soil and is added a small amount of earth again, and expanded to surrounding by seedling fibrous root during field planting, with fine earth, Baconic treads, and a little higher than ground of last earthing, waters after plantation, then earth up; After field planting, in cave, week plugs in pole and covers straw or film;
Described pruning is: after chocho field planting survives, plant take out climing be 30 ~ 40cm to main climing length time carry out first time pinching, stay 3 sub climing continued growths of stalwartness and put up a shed in time, 1 ~ 2 pinching is carried out when growing to 2 ~ 3m after main climing upper canopy, to promote multiple branch, increase knot melon number, make that melon is climing to be radially uniformly distributed on frame; Enter vigorous period easily mutually to shelter from heat or light, occur the climing overlap of leaf, withered and fruit drop phenomenon, most of male flower and overstocked branches and leaves can be extractd, reduce nutrient consumption, increase permeability, keep robust plant in great numbers;
Described rich water quality management is: the base manure executed in the hole, cave dug before field planting be become thoroughly decomposed pig chicken manure 5 ~ 10kg, 3 ~ 4% urea 2kg, superphosphate 0.5 ~ 1kg, and use 200 ~ 300 grams of water-loss reducers and 1 ~ 2kg compound pesticide fertilizer; When starting rudiment after plant is pruned and melon is real topdresses when starting hypertrophy, topdress every year 3 ~ 4 times, manure use is main, coordinates and imposes appropriate compound organic and inorganic fertilizer; Timely draining is irrigated, and accomplishes not flooded not non-irrigated; To shedding withholding period after chocho tree is just spent, every spray in 15 ~ 20 days foliage fertilizer, connect spray 2 ~ 3 times;
Described field management is: control shoot grows, and the flower bud phase supplements potash fertilizer in time, and the florescence supplements boron fertilizer, flower thinning bud picking; In flowering stage, each brachyplast only stays 1 ~ 2 flower, and remaining will be removed, and is all removed by the spring bud on trunk and large branch; Timely pruning is spent to malformed fruit, sick fruit disease; Find that there is and be short of seedling, should reseed in time, the plant reseeded will be strengthened management;
The described extermination of disease and insect pest is the control to yellow twig, anthracnose, shot hole, Sooty mould, trialeurodes vaporariorum, aphid, scale insect, two spotted spider mite; Use the insect pest of botanical insect-proof agent control chocho; Use harmless bactericidal agent for preventing and treating chocho disease.
2. the cultivation method of self-restraint Karst Mountains Desertification Area chocho according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described fertilizer is after saccharomyces cerevisiae, microbial fermentation inoculum, general calcium being mixed, add water and stir, convert into mother liquor, then add in mother liquor sugar mill mud, ash, algae, peanut press pulp to stir soak, ferment 5 ~ 10 days, to obtain final product.
3. the cultivation method of self-restraint Karst Mountains Desertification Area chocho according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described water-loss reducer is one or more in acrylamide, hydroxy-ethyl acrylate, ferrous sulfate, acrylic acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ferrous sulfate or zeolite.
4. the cultivation method of self-restraint Karst Mountains Desertification Area chocho according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described compound organic and inorganic fertilizer contains inorganic fertilizer, fertilizer, compound amino acid, moderate-element and trace element; The percentage by weight that its each component accounts for Chemical Mixed Fertilizer gross weight is: inorganic fertilizer N+P2O5+K2O total nutrient 44%-45%, organic >=18%, compound amino acid 4% ~ 8%, moderate-element 0.4% ~ 0.8% and trace element 0.1% ~ 0.2%.
5. the cultivation method of self-restraint Karst Mountains Desertification Area chocho according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described fertilizer is by Wastage of food industry, sugar mill mud, culture propagation waste liquid and molasses alcohol waste liquid, add zymophyte again to ferment the product obtained, wherein culture propagation waste liquid accounts for the 5-10% of fertilizer gross weight, and molasses alcohol waste liquid accounts for 15 ~ 20% of fertilizer gross weight.
6. the cultivation method of self-restraint Karst Mountains Desertification Area chocho according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described compound pesticide fertilizer contains insecticide nimbin, pyrethrosin and sumicidin percentage by weight and is respectively 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.5%, and N P and K weight ratio is 20:5:20.
7. the cultivation method of self-restraint Karst Mountains Desertification Area chocho according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described foliage fertilizer is uniformly mixed plant amino acid, humic acid urea iron, protolysate, trace element, humus, chitin and probio, ferment 3 ~ 5 days, to obtain final product; Foliage fertilizer is diluted with water to 200 times to spray.
8. the cultivation method of self-restraint Karst Mountains Desertification Area chocho according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the material composition of described botanical insect-proof agent and parts by weight are: Folium Meliae 30 ~ 40 parts, pine tree leaf 15 ~ 20 parts, tarragon 5 ~ 10 parts, wash one's hands fruit soak 0.5 part, using method is smashed by above-mentioned material, add 5 ~ 10 times of water, boil half an hour, get filtrate sprinkling.
9. the cultivation method of self-restraint Karst Mountains Desertification Area chocho according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described harmless bactericide is one or more in allicin, eugenol, ground cinnamon, wintergreen, turpentine oil.
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| CN108101452A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-06-01 | 重庆交通大学 | The vegetation form cellular concrete of suitable for plant growth |
| CN108271690A (en) * | 2018-01-24 | 2018-07-13 | 广西心壶城人家企业管理有限公司 | A kind of Chinese pine seeds method for culturing seedlings |
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| CN106818150A (en) * | 2017-01-13 | 2017-06-13 | 和县绿源蔬菜种植有限责任公司 | A kind of implantation methods of pollution-free chayote |
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| CN108101452A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-06-01 | 重庆交通大学 | The vegetation form cellular concrete of suitable for plant growth |
| CN108101453B (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2020-02-11 | 重庆交通大学 | Plant-growing type porous concrete for slope protection |
| CN108271690A (en) * | 2018-01-24 | 2018-07-13 | 广西心壶城人家企业管理有限公司 | A kind of Chinese pine seeds method for culturing seedlings |
| CN108566863A (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2018-09-25 | 全椒县城西畜牧养殖专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods improving winter jujube diseases and insect pests resistance |
| CN110651674A (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2020-01-07 | 兰州市农业科技研究推广中心 | Greenhouse chayote sprout, garlic sprout and bitter gourd interplanting method |
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