CN109148897A - For preventing the substrate thermal control of ionomer interpenetration - Google Patents

For preventing the substrate thermal control of ionomer interpenetration Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109148897A
CN109148897A CN201810594843.7A CN201810594843A CN109148897A CN 109148897 A CN109148897 A CN 109148897A CN 201810594843 A CN201810594843 A CN 201810594843A CN 109148897 A CN109148897 A CN 109148897A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
electrode
ionomer
substrate
amount
catalyst
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Pending
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CN201810594843.7A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
N·拉马斯瓦米
E·V·尼恩加
B·阿克什曼安
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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Publication of CN109148897A publication Critical patent/CN109148897A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/8878—Treatment steps after deposition of the catalytic active composition or after shaping of the electrode being free-standing body
    • H01M4/8882—Heat treatment, e.g. drying, baking
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/8817—Treatment of supports before application of the catalytic active composition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/8825—Methods for deposition of the catalytic active composition
    • H01M4/8828—Coating with slurry or ink
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Abstract

The system and method for the disclosure are dried to generate electrode on perforated substrate the electrode ink of coated substrate with generating pre- hot substrate, electrode ink being applied on pre- hot substrate to generate coated substrate including offer perforated substrate, heated porous substrate.Pre- hot substrate has the temperature greater than 23 DEG C.It is applied through coating mechanism progress.Electrode ink includes the catalyst and ionomer of dispersion in a solvent.It is dry to be carried out by drier.

Description

For preventing the substrate thermal control of ionomer interpenetration
Background technique
This disclosure relates to fuel cell field, and more particularly relate to inhibit ionomer interpenetration into perforated substrate System and method.
In various applications, fuel cell system can be used as providing the power supply of electric energy.Generated electric energy can be used directly It powers in the equipment of such as motor etc.Additionally or alternatively, generated electric energy can be carried out using such as battery Storage, for using later.
In some applications, in order to supply electric power to building, house etc., fuel cell is incorporated into fixed structure. In some applications, fuel cell is incorporated into the equipment such as smart phone, video camera, computer.In some applications, fuel Battery is incorporated into vehicle, to provide or feed power.
Catalyst ink is used to manufacture the electrode of fuel cell.Catalyst ink include be suspended in specific ratios it is a kind of or Catalyst fines and ionomer in multi-solvents (such as mixture of second alcohol and water).Then catalyst ink is applied to again On porous material, such as gas diffusion layers (GDL).After catalyst ink is spread out on GDL, ink is carried out in an oven Drying removes the solvent on electrode.However, moist catalyst ink spreads out meeting so that the ionomer in electrode ink enters Into porous GDL material, about 50% is almost had lost.In order to reduce ionomer interpenetration, using the electrode oil rich in ethyl alcohol Ink, for example, by volume 75% ethyl alcohol and 25% water.
Summary of the invention
It is expected that being optimized to the ionomer content in electrode and inhibiting excessive ionomer interpenetration into porous layer.One A little aspects, before applying catalyst ink, preheat the perforated substrates such as gas diffusion media, thus inhibit excessive Ionomer interpenetration is into perforated substrate.
According to many aspects of the disclosure, a kind of method includes providing perforated substrate, and heated porous substrate is to generate preheating Electrode ink is applied on pre- hot substrate to generate coated substrate, and do to the electrode ink of coated substrate by substrate It is dry to generate electrode on perforated substrate.Pre- hot substrate has the temperature greater than 23 DEG C.It is applied through coating mechanism progress.Electrode Ink includes the catalyst and ionomer of dispersion in a solvent.It is dry to be carried out by drier.
According to other aspects of the disclosure, wherein the first ratio of ionomer and catalyst by volume is in electricity in electrode In the ink of pole within the 15% of the second ratio of ionomer and catalyst by volume.
According to other aspects of the disclosure, wherein drier is the second heating mechanism.
According to other aspects of the disclosure, wherein electrode ink includes the ionomer of the first amount.Electrode ink includes second The ionomer of amount.And the second amount is not less than the 70% of the first amount.
According to other aspects of the disclosure, wherein electrode ink includes the ionomer of the first amount and electrode ink includes second The ionomer of amount, and the second amount is not less than the 90% of the first amount.
According to other aspects of the disclosure, wherein temperature is greater than about 50 DEG C.
According to other aspects of the disclosure, wherein temperature is greater than about 80 DEG C.
According to the disclosure other aspect, wherein the ionomer of electrode ink from electrode transfer to perforated substrate in be no more than About 20 μm.
According to the disclosure other aspect, wherein the ionomer of electrode ink from electrode transfer to perforated substrate in be no more than About 10 μm.
According to many aspects of the disclosure, a kind of system includes heating mechanism, the coating machine that heating mechanism downstream is arranged in Structure and the drier that coating mechanism downstream is set.Heating mechanism is configured to heated porous substrate to generate pre- hot substrate. Pre- hot substrate has the temperature greater than 23 DEG C.Coating mechanism includes the application for being configured to for electrode ink being applied to pre- hot substrate Device.Electrode ink includes the catalyst and ionomer of dispersion in a solvent, to generate coated substrate.Drier is configured to pair The electrode ink of coated substrate is dried to generate electrode on perforated substrate.
According to other aspects of the disclosure, wherein the first ratio of ionomer and catalyst by volume is in electricity in electrode In the ink of pole within the 15% of the second ratio of ionomer and catalyst by volume.
According to other aspects of the disclosure, wherein drier is the second heating mechanism.
According to other aspects of the disclosure, wherein electrode ink includes the ionomer of the first amount and electrode ink includes second The ionomer of amount, and the second amount is not less than the 70% of the first amount.
According to other aspects of the disclosure, wherein electrode ink includes the ionomer of the first amount and electrode ink includes second The ionomer of amount, and the second amount is not less than the 90% of the first amount.
According to other aspects of the disclosure, wherein temperature is greater than about 50 DEG C.
According to other aspects of the disclosure, wherein temperature is greater than about 80 DEG C.
According to the disclosure other aspect, wherein the ionomer of electrode ink from electrode transfer to perforated substrate in be no more than About 20 μm.
According to the disclosure other aspect, wherein the ionomer of electrode ink from electrode transfer to perforated substrate in be no more than About 10 μm.
In conjunction with attached drawing, by the detailed description below to the best mode for executing the disclosure, the above-mentioned spy of the disclosure Advantage of seeking peace and other feature and advantage become readily apparent from.
Detailed description of the invention
These attached drawings are illustrative, it is no intended to limit the theme being defined by the claims.Illustrative aspect is below Detailed description in discuss and be shown in the accompanying drawings, in the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram according to the fuel cell system including fuel cell pack of many aspects of the disclosure；
Fig. 2 is the schematic, exploded of the fuel cell pack of Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is the schematic cross section of a part of the fuel cell pack of Fig. 2；
Fig. 4 is the exemplary system for the generation electrode on perforated substrate according to many aspects of the disclosure；
Fig. 5 A to Fig. 5 D is the schematic diagram according to the method in perforated substrate over-assemble electrode of many aspects of the disclosure.
Specific embodiment
Fig. 1 is arranged to generate the schematic diagram of the fuel cell system of power.Fuel cell system include oxidizer source 1, Fuels sources 2, reactant processing system 3, fuel cell pack 4, at least one energy storage device 5 and motor 6.
Oxidizer source 1 and fuels sources 2 are produced electricl energy to fuel cell system offer reactant by chemical reaction. As used herein, " reactant " may refer to as above hereinafter defined fuel, oxidant or both.Reactant includes suitable Fuel is combined with oxidant.For example, fuel is hydrogen, and oxidant is oxygen.Can use other fuel, such as natural gas, Synthetic fuel derived from methanol, gasoline and coal.
Reactant processing system 3 receives the oxidant from oxidizer source 1 and/or the fuel from fuels sources 2.Some Aspect, reactant processing system 3 convert original fuel to the form for being suitable for fuel cell pack 4.For example, reactant processing system System 3 can make methanol react, and generate the hydrogen for being supplied to fuel cell pack 3.In some respects, additionally or alternatively, Reactant processing system 3 is by adjusting temperature, pressure, humidity etc. because usually adjusting one or more reactants.Some Aspect can save reactant processing system 3.
Fuel cell pack 4 is configured to receive the reactant from reactant processing system 3 and by promoting redox anti- It should produce electricl energy.For example, hydrogen fuel generates electric power after can reacting with oxygen, while by-product is heat and water.
Energy storage device 5 is configured to receive the energy generated by fuel cell pack 4 and the energy is supplied to accessory.Storage Can equipment 5 can store energy for future usage, or can substantially instantaneously be provided using energy for may Damage the buffering of the power swing of accessory (such as motor 6).
Motor 6 is configured to the electric energy being stored in energy storage device being converted to acting.Motor 6 can be used for that power is driven to set It is standby, such as wheel 7.
Fig. 2 is the exploded view of fuel cell pack 4.Fuel cell pack 4 include multiple plates 12, at least one fuel cell 14 with And compression element 16.Multiple plates 12 can wrap the appropriately combined of rubbing board 12, such as end plate 18, unipolar plate 20, bipolar plates 22, its group Close etc..Each unipolar plate 20 is arranged near corresponding fuel cell 14, and each bipolar plates 22 are arranged in a pair of of fuel cell Between 14.
Compression element 16 is configured to apply compressing force to fuel cell pack 4 along stacking direction.By between adjacent component Plate 12 and fuel cell 14 are secured in position by contact pressure, compressing force.In some respects, compression element 16 includes engagement end plate 18 On structure more threaded rods.By tightening screw rod, compressing force is increased into aspiration level along stacking direction, so that Contact pressure is distributed along the hermetic unit between adjacent component.In some respects, compression element 16 is not electric with entire fuel Pond heap 4 engages.For example, compression element 16 can engage two adjacent panels 12 to apply compressing force, Huo Zheke to the two plates 12 To engage multiple adjacent panels 12 to apply compressive force to multiple adjacent panels 12.
The top and bottom of fuel cell pack 4 are arranged in end plate 18.End plate 18 includes the fuel inlet being disposed thereon 24a, fuel outlet 24c, oxidant inlet 26a, oxidant outlet 26c, coolant entrance 28a and coolant outlet 28c.Such as Used herein, " fluid " may refer to as above hereinafter defined fuel, oxidant, coolant or any combination thereof.For example, " fluid inlet 24a, 26a, 28a " may refer to as above hereinafter defined fuel inlet 24a, oxidant inlet 26a or cooling Any or all of agent entrance 28a, and " reactant channel 24b, 26b " may refer to refer to as above hereinafter as defined in One or both of fuel channel 24b and oxidant channel 26b.It is envisioned that certain fluid inlet 24a, 26a, 28a It can be located on an end plate 18 with fluid outlet 24c, 26c, 28c, and remaining fluid inlet 24a, 26a, 28a and fluid go out Mouth 24c, 26c, 28c are located on opposite end plate 18.
Fig. 3 shows the cross-sectional view of the fuel cell 14 of fuel cell pack 4.Fuel cell 14 includes membrane electrode assembly 30 And the gas diffusion media 32 with optional washer 34 (Fig. 2).Gas diffusion media 32 is conducive to reactant from bipolar Reactant channel 24b, 26b of plate 22 are transported to the porous layer of membrane electrode assembly 30.Gas diffusion media 32 includes porous layer 36 With microporous layers 38.In some respects, gas diffusion media 32 be at first surface limit porous layer 36 and with the first table The overall structure of microporous layers 38 is limited at the opposite second surface in face.It is envisioned that for example, gas diffusion media 32 can be with It only include microporous layers 38 including porous layer 36 or only.
In some respects, gas diffusion media 32 is configured to provide consistent reaction in the entire surface of membrane electrode assembly 30 Object local concentration, so that the part of membrane electrode assembly 30 being aligned with the platform of adjacent panels 12 substantially receives and film electricity The identical reactant exposure in the part of pole component 30 being aligned with reactant channel 24b, 26b of adjacent panels 12.
Gas diffusion media 32 also provides conductive, thermally conductive and mechanical support effect.Gas diffusion media 32 is by suitable material Expect that (such as polymer or coating material) is formed, so as to the ideal performance parameter of optimization.In some respects, gas diffusion media 32 or part thereof are formed by carbon paper, carbon cloth or fluoropolymer (such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (" PTFE ")).In some respects, gas expands Dispersion media 32 includes the carbon paper fluoropolymer of coating twisted wire.
Membrane electrode assembly 30 is configured to generate charge by the reduction and oxidation of promotion reactant.Membrane electrode assembly 30 wraps Include the film 40 for being arranged in and defining between anode-side 44 and a pair of electrodes 42 of cathode side 46.Electrode 42 in anode-side 44 configures For the ionization for promoting fuel.For example, hydrogen is divided into two protons and two electronics at electrode.Electrode on cathode side 46 42 are configured to promote the combination of ionization fuel and oxidant.For example, oxygen generates a water in conjunction with two protons and two electronics Molecule.
Electrode 42 includes that the catalyst fine crushing mixed on the carrier particles and with ionomer is for example arranged.Catalyst is configured to Catalytic phase answers the half-cell reaction of reactant.The catalyst of anode-side 44 can be different from the catalyst of cathode side 46.Some Aspect, anode side catalyst is platinum, and cathode side catalyst is nickel.In some respects, anode side catalyst is platinum, and cathode side Catalyst is that platinum is either based on platinum.Carrier granular is configured to the catalytic capability of the catalyst of enhancing specified rate.For example, catalysis energy Power forms multiple platforms by catalyst on the exposed surface of carrier granular and is enhanced, and then provides predetermined amount in this way Reaction site, while compared with unsupported catalysts, the amount of catalyst is also reduced.In some respects, carrier granular is carbon. Ionomer is configured to provide for transmitting to the ion of catalyst granules.In some respects, ionomer is poly styrene sulfonate, perfluor Sulfonic acid polymer, tetrafluoroethene and perfluorosulfonic acid copolymer or sulfonating segmented copolymer.
Film 30 is configured to the electrode 42 being transferred to ion from the electrode 42 in anode-side 44 on cathode side 46, prevents simultaneously Electronics is by wherein being shifted.In some respects, film 40 is arranged to the proton exchange membrane by wherein transfer protons.
Although the structure and composition of shown anode-side 44 and cathode side 46 be about 40 substantial symmetry of film, can be with It is contemplated that each component of anode-side 44 can have the characteristic different from each component of cathode side 46.
In some respects, the gas diffusion media 32 of cathode side 46 is also configured as the product of such as water etc from membrane electrode Component 30 is removed, to prevent overflow.For example, in some respects, in order to control the quality stream of flow direction and the water from film 40 Amount, the gas diffusion media 32 of cathode side 46 are thicker than the gas diffusion media of anode-side.Additionally or alternatively, in some sides At least part in face, the gas diffusion media 32 of cathode side 46 has hydrophobicity, to control the matter of water through them Measure flow.Porous layer 34, microporous layers 36 or both can have hydrophobicity.
Bipolar plates 22 can be formed using various methods, it may for example comprise the increasing material manufacturing of 3D printing or other standards forming Technology.For example, the back side 38 of two unipolar plates 20 can be put together, and unipolar plate 20 can be combined to form it is double Pole plate 22.For example, this combination can be formed by welding or using adhesive.In some respects, bipolar plates 22 by with Under type is formed: reactant channel 24b, 26b being stamped on the opposite face of single sheets, while cooling duct being not present therebetween 28b。
In the assembling process of fuel cell 14, fuel cell 14 can be formed suspension is applied on perforated substrate End layer.For example, electrode ink can be coated on gas diffusion media 32 to form electrode 42.Electrode ink can be The mixture of ionomer in catalyst carrier particle and solvent comprising load.Electrode ink can be solution, suspension, glue Body or combinations thereof.
Solvent can be the mixture of different liquids.In some respects, electrode ink includes the catalyst carrier of load Grain and the ionomer being dispersed in the mixture of organic solvent (such as ethyl alcohol) and inorganic solvent (such as water).In water and ethyl alcohol In mixture, with the increase of water concentration, the proton transport resistance of gained layer increases, and the local oxygen transport resistance of gained layer subtracts It is small.As used herein, local oxygen transport resistance withMeasurement, hereinafter referred to as " unit ", whereinIt is platinum nanometer The surface area of grain catalyst, andIt is the geometric jacquard patterning unit surface of electrode.
For example, in 80 DEG C of temperature, 100% relative humidity, the pressure of 150kPaa and 2A/cm2Current density under survey 5cm in the membrane electrode assembly of amount2Catalyst coat film local oxygen transport resistance for 80 volume % ethyl alcohol and It is 10.1s/cm for the electrode ink of the mixture of the water of 20 volume %, for ethyl alcohol and 60 volume % with 40 volume % Water mixture electrode ink for be 8.2s/cm, and for 20 volume % ethyl alcohol and 80 volume % water Mixture electrode ink for be 6.5s/cm.Additionally, in 80 DEG C of temperature, 95% relative humidity and 150kPaa The 5cm in membrane electrode assembly measured under pressure2Catalyst coat film local oxygen transport resistance for have 80 volume % Ethyl alcohol and 20 volume % water mixture electrode ink for be 68.2m Ω-cm2, for the second with 40 volume % It is 78.5m Ω-cm for the electrode ink of the mixture of the water of pure and mild 60 volume %2, and for the second with 20 volume % It is 83.0m Ω-cm for the electrode ink of the mixture of the water of pure and mild 80 volume %2。
Liquid, which is coated on perforated substrate, can be such that the material from liquid moves in perforated substrate.For example, electrode Ionomer in ink can permeate gas diffusion media 32.Moreover, from liquid other materials may not permeate it is more Hole substrate, or may be with the rate penetration perforated substrate different from the first material, this will be to the group of material in gained layer It is adversely affected at ratio.For example, when ionomer can permeate gas diffusion media 32, catalyst carrier particle and urge Agent remains substantially in the electrode obtained 42.
Initial material needed for material moves to the gained layer that production can be made to have desired quantity of material in perforated substrate from liquid Doses increases, so as to cause the rising of component costs.In addition, the ratio of the other component of material and gained layer also will receive shadow It rings, this is because: if other materials is never migrated in other words with different rate migrations, the material of gained layer Ratio will not be optimal.For example, the catalyst that the ionomer of electrode ink will be immersed in gas diffusion media 32, and be loaded carries Body particle remains substantially in electrode ink, to generate catalyst/ionomer ratio than the catalyst of electrode ink/from poly- The higher electrode 42 of object ratio.
Valuably, the electrode design by optimization is formd according to the disclosed systems and methods.What it is according to the disclosure is System and method improve the temperature of perforated substrate, to reduce or prevent material to move to perforated substrate from liquid.Do so reduction Total amount of material needed for production desired layer.For example, reducing institute according to the disclosed systems and methods when forming electrode 42 The amount of the ionomer used, and the difference between catalyst/ionomer ratio also by making electrode ink and electrode 42 is most Smallization optimizes the catalyst in the electrode obtained 42/ionomer ratio.
Moreover, not occurring the premise of a large amount of ionomer loss in the electrode obtained 42 according to the disclosed systems and methods Under provide the medium range mixture of electrode ink, such as 40 volume % ethyl alcohol and 60 volume % water.In some respects, The ionomer in medium range electrode ink more than about 45% is absorbed without the perforated substrate of preheating, and passes through the more of preheating Ionomer of the hole absorbed by the substrate less than 10% improves the balance between proton transport resistance and local oxygen transport resistance in this way Property.
System and method described herein has been also prevented from collecting for interface of the material between perforated substrate and gained layer. Benefit is both provided according to the disclosed systems and methods for the cathode of fuel cell and anode.In addition, due to eliminating to sun The demand of pole top coat layer process maintains enough ionomer contents in anode to provide other benefits.
Fig. 4 shows the system for generating electrode 42 on such as porous layer 36 or the perforated substrate of microporous layers 38 402 400.Perforated substrate 402 is supplied to system 400, and generates pre- hot substrate 406 after being heated by heating mechanism 404.Heater Structure 404 can use radiant heating, Convective Heating, conduction heating or combinations thereof.In some respects, heating mechanism is baking oven.In advance The temperature of hot substrate 406 is higher than environment temperature.In some respects, the temperature of pre- hot substrate 406 is greater than about 23 DEG C, to reduce infiltration Thoroughly.In some respects, the temperature of pre- hot substrate 406 is greater than about 35 DEG C, to reduce infiltration.In some respects, pre- hot substrate 406 Temperature be greater than about 50 DEG C, to reduce infiltration.In some respects, the temperature of pre- hot substrate 406 is greater than about 83 DEG C, to reduce Infiltration.
Electrode 42 is applied to pre- hot substrate 406 in the form of liquid (such as electrode ink 408), thus generates coated substrate 420.It includes that such as pump 412 and the coating mechanism 410 of applicator 414 are coated that electrode ink 408, which passes through,.Pump 412 is configured to From source receiving electrode ink and pressure is increased into predetermined amount.Then, electrode ink is pipelined to 414 (example of applicator Such as ink-jet printer, screen process press, flexographic presses, slit coventry type die head coventry), and apply it to pre- hot substrate 406.It is defeated Send mechanism 418 that coated substrate 420 is transported to optional downstream process, such as drier, separating mechanism, a combination thereof etc..Example Such as, the second heating mechanism 404 can be placed on the downstream of coating mechanism 410 at least heated porous substrate 402.
Fig. 5 A to Fig. 5 D shows the method in perforated substrate (being shown as microporous layers 38) over-assemble electrode 42.It should manage Solution, perforated substrate can be microporous layers 38, porous layer 36 or microporous layers 38 and porous layer 36.Fig. 5 A is shown to microporous layers 38 It is heated.Microporous layers 38 can have or not have applique blank 502.In some respects, applique blank 502 can be poly- four Vinyl fluoride (PTFE), intumescent PTFE, Kapton (such as poly- (4,4'- oxygroup diphenylene-pyromellitic acid acid imide)), A combination thereof etc..
Heat Q is added in perforated substrate to generate pre- hot substrate 406, and then the temperature of pre- hot substrate 406 is increased To more than environment temperature.In some respects, the temperature of pre- hot substrate 406 is greater than about 23 DEG C.In some respects, pre- hot substrate 406 Temperature be greater than about 50 DEG C.In some respects, the temperature of pre- hot substrate 406 is greater than about 80 DEG C.
As shown in Figure 5 B, after the temperature of pre- hot substrate 406 is increased to predetermined threshold or more, electrode ink is applied to Pre- hot substrate 406 is to generate coated substrate.Later, coated substrate is dried, to generate electrode 42 in microporous layers 38.Such as Shown in Fig. 5 C, then film 40 is arranged on electrode 42.In some respects, applique blank 502, microporous layers 38 and electrode 42 are warm It is pressed on film 40.Temperature known in the art, the condition of pressure and hot pressing time can be used.For example, hot pressing condition can wrap Include 4 minutes pressing times under 295 °F and 250psi.As shown in Figure 5 D, if it is desired, applique blank 502 can be shelled From so that microporous layers 38 are attached to the electrode 42 of film 40.After this, this mistake can be repeated with the second applique blank Journey, to generate this structure on the opposite side of film 40.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
At various temperatures, sample is prepared using pre- hot substrate.Perforated substrate is the microporous layers with a thickness of 35 μm.Micropore Layer is heated to corresponding preheating temperature.After each microporous layers reach corresponding preheating temperature, electrode ink is coated to By in the microporous layers of preheating.After electrode ink exsiccation, the electrode obtained layer is measured using electron probe microanalysis Ionomer retention rate.As a result it is given in Table 1 below.
Can calculated be according to the above, at 23 DEG C the catalyst ink of substrate may require that about 1.6 from poly- Object/catalyst ratio obtains ionomer/catalyst ratio electrode with 0.9, and the catalyst ink of substrate will at 83 DEG C Ionomer/the catalyst ratio for requiring nothing more than about 1.0 obtains ionomer/catalyst ratio electrode with 0.9.
Embodiment 2
The sample for selecting embodiment 1 analyzes infiltration of the electrode ink material into microporous layers.Use sulphur intensity point Cloth determines the infiltration of ionomer, and determines the infiltration of catalyst and catalyst carrier particle using platinum intensity distribution.As a result It is given in Table 2 below.
Although the best mode for executing the disclosure is described in detail, it is familiar with field involved in the disclosure The various alternate designs and implementation for practicing present disclosure within the scope of the appended claims will be recognized in technical staff Example.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of method, comprising:
Perforated substrate is provided；
The perforated substrate is heated via heating mechanism to generate pre- hot substrate, and the pre- hot substrate has the temperature greater than 23 DEG C Degree；
Electrode ink is applied to generate coated substrate on the pre- hot substrate via coating mechanism, the electrode ink includes The catalyst and ionomer of dispersion in a solvent；And
It is dried via the electrode ink of the drier to the coated substrate to generate electricity on the perforated substrate Pole.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein the first ratio of ionomer and catalyst by volume in the electrode Within 15% of the second ratio in ionomer in the electrode ink and catalyst by volume.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein the electrode ink includes the ionomer of the first amount, the electrode ink Ionomer including the second amount, and second amount is not less than the 70% of first amount.
4. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein the electrode ink includes the ionomer and electrode oil of the first amount Ink includes the ionomer of the second amount, and second amount is not less than the 90% of first amount.
5. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein the temperature is greater than about 50 DEG C.
6. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein the ionomer of the electrode ink is from the electrode transfer to institute No more than about 20 μm are stated in perforated substrate.
7. a kind of system, comprising:
Heating mechanism, the heating mechanism are configured to heated porous substrate to generate pre- hot substrate, and the pre- hot substrate has big In 23 DEG C of temperature；
The coating mechanism in the heating mechanism downstream is set, and the coating mechanism includes being configured to for electrode ink to be applied to institute State the applicator that coated substrate is generated on pre- hot substrate, the electrode ink includes dispersion catalyst in a solvent and from poly- Object；And
The drier in the coating mechanism downstream is set, and the drier is configured to the electricity to the coated substrate Pole ink is dried to generate electrode on the perforated substrate.
8. system according to claim 7, wherein the first ratio of ionomer and catalyst by volume in the electrode Within 15% of the second ratio in ionomer in the electrode ink and catalyst by volume.
9. system according to claim 7, wherein the electrode ink includes the ionomer of the first amount and electrode oil Ink includes the ionomer of the second amount, and second amount is not less than the 70% of first amount.
10. system according to claim 7, wherein the ionomer of the electrode ink is from the electrode transfer to institute No more than about 10 μm are stated in perforated substrate.
CN201810594843.7A 2017-06-16 2018-06-11 For preventing the substrate thermal control of ionomer interpenetration Pending CN109148897A (en)

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