CN109142192B - Visual special-shaped well cementation two-interface cementing quality testing system - Google Patents
Visual special-shaped well cementation two-interface cementing quality testing system Download PDFInfo
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
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- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/0806—Details, e.g. sample holders, mounting samples for testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
- G01N3/068—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with optical indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N2015/0813—Measuring intrusion, e.g. of mercury
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0025—Shearing
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0641—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using optical, X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared or similar detectors
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of cementing quality detection of a well cementation two-interface, in particular to a visual special-shaped well cementation two-interface cementing quality testing system, wherein a simulated formation cavity and a well cementation cement/cement stone cavity are communicated to form an experimental cavity, and a vertical communication surface is a two-interface; the top and the bottom of the experimental cavity are respectively provided with an annular sealing retainer ring, and the lower part of the well cementation cement/cement stone cavity is provided with a cement stone lifting mould; a thermocouple is arranged in the simulated formation cavity; a plurality of reaction gas injection pipes are arranged in the simulated formation cavity, visual windows are respectively arranged on the simulated formation cavity and the side of the well cementation cement/cement stone cavity, a sealing cover is arranged at the top of the simulated formation cavity, and the top of the well cementation cement/cement stone cavity is sealed and is provided with a gas-liquid inlet and outlet. The device can be used for evaluating the cementing quality of the two interfaces in the cementing process of the hydrate-containing stratum and testing the quality of the cementing surface of soil body and cement of the soft soil stratum.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cementing quality detection of a well cementation two-interface, in particular to a visual special-shaped well cementation two-interface cementing quality testing system.
Background
The production of oil and gas requires a series of complex processes including drilling, cementing, completion, perforation, water injection, oil production, etc. The well cementation has the important function of providing protection and support for the casing and carrying out effective interlayer isolation on adjacent strata. The quality of well cementation directly determines the service life of a production well, and has important influence on the smooth proceeding of each subsequent link and the recovery ratio, so that the method is a key project for the long-term stable production of the oil field. Therefore, the evaluation of the well cementation quality is necessary, and the key of the well cementation quality lies in the cementation quality of the two interfaces, mainly comprising the cementation strength and the interlayer packing capacity. At present, methods for evaluating the quality of the two interfaces can be mainly classified into two types: namely a field logging evaluation method and an interface cementation strength evaluation method of an indoor experiment. In the indoor experimental method, a stratum is simulated mainly by materials such as cement mortar, a certain amount of argillaceous thin layers are formed on the surface of solidified cement sand to simulate residual mud cakes after well washing, then a certain amount of cement paste is injected into a space adjacent to the thin layers and solidified to form a cement paste hardened body to simulate a cement sheath, and the contact surface between the cement paste and the stratum is a well cementation interface. The whole physical model is shown in fig. 6 and can be made into a required shape according to requirements. The bonding strength of the two interfaces is characterized by the shear strength measured by the shear behavior parallel to the two interfaces, and meanwhile, the interlayer packing capacity is characterized by the permeability of the interface between the cement paste and the ground. This method has the advantages of simplicity and easy operation, however, there are some disadvantages: for example, (1) the simulated formation has large difference in physical and mechanical properties from the natural formation; (2) the shear strength and the permeability are tested under the conditions of ex-situ formation temperature, pressure and the like; (3) the morphology of the two interfaces is different from the natural condition; therefore, the method has certain influence on the accuracy of the test result and the guidance effect on the site. In addition, the physical model made in the experiments of high pressure, low temperature and the like has larger size, and the difficulty of experiment development is increased.
In addition, when the mechanical strength of the stratum encountered by well cementation is lower, even when the stratum is a non-consolidated sediment stratum, the form of the two interfaces is more complex, and the influence of the similarity degree of the physical simulation model and the natural situation on the test result is larger. For example, natural gas hydrate as a clean energy source.
The natural gas hydrate is widely distributed in ocean sedimentary formations and land frozen earth formations, the reserves are extremely rich, the carbon reserves are about twice of the conventional energy, the theoretical exploitable amount is gradually increased along with the technical progress and the continuation of exploration work, the successful exploitation of the natural gas hydrate is of great significance for relieving the situation of the increasingly reduced tension of oil and gas resources, and the natural gas hydrate is regarded as the alternative energy of future oil and natural gas by various countries and has great exploitation value. Compared with a frozen soil stratum, the sea area hydrate reservoir stratum is poorer in compaction and consolidation degree and lower in mechanical strength. Thus, the in-situ mechanical property and permeability test feasibility are low. In order to realize the safety and stability of the well wall and improve the cementation quality of the two interfaces in the well cementation process, the pressure of the well cementation liquid is generally larger than the pore pressure of a stratum, in addition, due to the fact that hydration and heat release of cement lead to the decomposition of a near well wall stratum hydrate, the permeability and the porosity of the near well wall stratum are increased, cement paste invades the near well wall stratum to a certain extent, and therefore the shapes of the two interfaces are not flat surfaces and are similar to surfaces full of conical invaded bodies (similar to the structures of tree roots or wolf tooth bars) with different sizes. In addition, in the process of on-site cementing, the development of the morphology and the crack development of the two interfaces are difficult to observe visually, and the observation of the morphology and the micro crack is also favorable for analyzing and researching the influence mechanism of the strength and the sealing performance of the two interfaces. The problems all increase the difficulty and accuracy of evaluating the cementing strength and the interlayer packing capacity.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a visual special-shaped well cementation two-interface cementation quality test system, which aims to solve the problems of difficult simulation of the special-shaped well cementation two-interface morphology, low simulation degree, difficult evaluation of the cementation quality of the two interfaces and the like in a weak mechanical strength stratum and a well cementation two-interface cementation quality evaluation method, increases a visual function, is beneficial to observation of the cementing cement ring and the cementing two-interface cementation morphology, and can independently evaluate the influence of a reservoir well wall interface condition and a conical invasion body on the cementation quality of the two interfaces through replacement of a plurality of components. In addition, the method is also used for evaluating the influence of secondary cement extrusion on the bonding strength, and can be widely used for measuring the interface strength of cement, soil bodies, rock bodies and the like, such as the measurement of pile foundation side friction resistance (bearing capacity of a friction pile), the bonding strength of building surface brick stone bodies and cementing materials such as cement and the like.
The specific technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: a visual special-shaped well cementation two-interface cementation quality test system mainly comprises a high-pressure reaction kettle body and an observation instrument, wherein the high-pressure reaction kettle body comprises a simulated formation cavity, a well cementation cement/cement stone cavity and a hydraulic cylinder cavity, and one side wall of the hydraulic cylinder cavity is a cement stone lifting mould base; the hydraulic cylinder cavity is provided with a hydraulic cylinder chamber high-pressure gas-liquid inlet and outlet and a hydraulic cylinder oil way pipeline, and a hydraulic cylinder is arranged in the hydraulic cylinder cavity;
the simulated stratum cavity and the well cementation cement/cement stone cavity are communicated to form an experiment cavity, and the vertical communication surface is a two-interface; the bottom of the two interfaces is provided with two interface multipurpose ports, and the top is provided with two interface permeability test gas outlets; the inner wall of the experimental cavity is provided with a rubber mold pipe, the top and the bottom of the experimental cavity are respectively provided with an annular sealing retainer ring, and the rubber mold pipe is in sealing contact with the edges of the upper and lower groups of annular sealing retainer rings to form a sealing space;
a cement stone lifting mould is arranged at the lower part of the well cementation cement/cement stone cavity and is arranged on a cement stone lifting mould base, and the cement stone lifting mould is driven to lift by a hydraulic cylinder;
in the well cementation cement/cement stone cavity, a gap is reserved between the inner wall of the well cementation cement/cement stone cavity and the rubber mould pipe, a thin-wall stainless steel framework is arranged at the gap, and the thin-wall stainless steel framework supports the rubber mould pipe; a plurality of horizontal stop blocks are arranged in the gap, the horizontal stop blocks are fixed on the inner wall of the well cementation cement/cement stone cavity, and the horizontal stop blocks are discontinuously distributed and positioned at the lower edge of the upper group of annular sealing retainer rings; the side wall of the well cementation cement/cement stone cavity is provided with a confining pressure inlet which is communicated with the gap;
a thermocouple is arranged in the simulated formation cavity;
a plurality of reaction gas injection pipes are arranged in the simulated formation cavity, and the lower ends of the reaction gas injection pipes are positioned outside the bottom of the simulated formation cavity; a plurality of small holes are distributed on the wall of the reaction gas injection pipe;
visual windows are respectively arranged on the simulated formation cavity and the well cementation cement/cement stone cavity side, and a microscopic observation device is arranged outside the visual windows; the observation instrument can select specific devices with different performance parameters according to the experimental test requirements.
The top of the simulated stratum cavity is provided with a sealing cover, and a sealing ring is arranged in the sealing cover;
the top of the well cementation cement/cement stone cavity is sealed, and the top of the well cementation cement/cement stone cavity is provided with a laser ranging instrument and a gas-liquid inlet and outlet.
The simulated formation cavity is lower than the well cementation cement/set cement cavity in height; the annular sealing retainer ring comprises a high part and a low part which are connected through a vertical plate, and the high part and the low part are respectively positioned at the well cementation cement/cement stone cavity and the simulated formation cavity.
When the shearing test is needed, the rubber mould pipe is divided into two parts which are respectively positioned in the simulated formation cavity and the well cementation cement/cement stone cavity, the two parts are in contact with each other at the two interfaces and are in sliding seal in the shearing process.
The transparent glass body is internally and horizontally provided with a plurality of invader cavities, one end of each invader cavity is positioned on one side wall of the transparent glass body, the other end of each invader cavity is positioned in the transparent glass body and is connected with the other side wall of the transparent glass body through a vent pipe, and an invader push plug is arranged in each vent pipe; the transparent glass body is arranged in the simulated formation cavity and is sealed with the inner wall of the simulated formation cavity and the cement stone lifting mould through rubber rings.
The two-interface multi-purpose port is used as a two-interface permeability test gas inlet or a drilling fluid and well cementing fluid inlet.
The simulated stratum cavity in the high-pressure reaction kettle body provides a space for manufacturing a simulated stratum, the simulated stratum is used for simulating a near-well wall stratum in an actual drilling process, the simulated manufacturing can be performed by using materials such as sand, soil and the like according to needs, and the well-cementing cement/cement stone cavity is used for simulating an annular space between a casing and the near-well wall stratum in the actual drilling process and is a space for injecting and hardening drilling fluid circulation and well-cementing cement slurry. The rubber mould pipe and the upper and lower groups of annular sealing check rings form a sealing space, and the rubber mould pipe is used for applying confining pressure to a simulated formation cavity and a well cementation cement/cement stone cavity. The cement lifting die is arranged at the lower part of the well cementation cement/cement stone cavity, and the cementation strength of the cementing surface (two interfaces) of the well cementation cement/cement stone cavity and the simulated formation cavity can be tested by lifting the hydraulic cylinder. The visualization window is made of high-strength glass, is arranged on the high-pressure reaction kettle body through sealing of the sealing ring and the nut, can conveniently observe the shapes of two interfaces when a rubber mould pipe is not used in an experiment, and can observe the invasion process of cement paste to a simulated stratum under pressure difference and the development condition of micro cracks in the cement paste hardening process by combining a microscope, an infrared device and the like. The transparent glass body is a quick-assembly-disassembly type mould for simulating a near-well wall stratum, and can replace materials made of sand, soil and the like in a simulated stratum cavity under the following three conditions: the method is used for inspecting the influence of cement paste invaders with different forms on the bonding strength of the two interfaces; (2) the influence of the roughness of the two interfaces on the cementing strength and the sealing performance; (3) the influence of the mud cake left by the drilling fluid on the strength of the two interfaces is provided with a prefabricated cylindrical cavity, a prefabricated conical cavity and the like. The roughness of the surface of the glass body is mainly realized by bonding quartz sand with different grain diameters by epoxy resin. Compared with the stratum simulation by sand and soil, the transparent glass body is more convenient and faster, and the key point of examination is focused on different forms of cement paste invasion bodies and the roughness of two interfaces. Similarly, when the stratum is simulated by sand, soil and the like, the mold can be used for prefabricating different forms of invader cavities or increasing the cementing pressure difference to ensure that cement paste invades the simulated stratum under the pressure difference to form invaders.
In the simulated formation cavity, when a simulated formation is made of sand and soil, the sand and soil particles are cemented by using anhydrous calcium chloride and sodium silicate, meanwhile, the water amount required for forming hydrate is added, and a certain pressure is applied to forming by using a mold, so that the formation interface is ensured not to collapse when being slush, and the cementing power of the anhydrous calcium chloride and the sodium silicate is smaller, and is closer to the natural formation.
A plurality of reaction gas injection pipes are arranged in the simulated formation cavity, and certain small holes are distributed on the side faces of the reaction gas injection pipes, so that gas injection is more convenient, and hydrates formed in the holes are more sufficient and uniform.
The rubber mould pipe is sealed with an upper annular sealing retainer ring and a lower annular sealing retainer ring, the edges of an upper opening and a lower opening of the rubber mould pipe are always contacted with the annular sealing retainer rings, and sealing is achieved under the action of confining pressure. The rubber mould pipe can be made into various types according to experimental needs, when the bonding strength and permeability of two interfaces are required to be measured simultaneously, the rubber mould pipe is divided into two parts, namely a simulated formation cavity rubber mould half pipe and a well cementation cement cavity rubber mould half pipe, and the two parts are sealed at the two interfaces through sliding sealing, so that the shearing action can be realized. Wherein, the periphery of the upper part of the cementing cement cavity rubber mold half pipe is provided with a thin-wall stainless steel framework. When only the permeability of the two interfaces is measured, the rubber mould pipe is integrally formed, and can be used or not according to the experimental requirements, but also has a thin-wall stainless steel framework.
The sealing cover is connected with the high-pressure reaction kettle body through a nut and is sealed in a pressure sealing mode through a sealing ring. When the simulated stratum is lower in height, the sealing cover and the simulated stratum in the simulated stratum cavity can be filled through the pressing block. The sealing cover is made of a good material, so that the sealing at the folded corner is realized.
Cement stone lift mould passes through the sealing rubber circle with high-pressure reactor internal wall and realizes sealed with cement stone lift mould base, and the pneumatic cylinder cavity at pneumatic cylinder place gives pressure in order to reduce inside and outside pressure differential in step with interior cavity in the experimentation, and the sealing rubber circle does not bear pressure differential basically this moment, only is used for preventing the entering of sand, soil and grout.
The hydraulic cylinder is connected with a pressure gauge and used for acquiring pressure readings and calculating the shearing strength. The two-interface multi-purpose port and the two-interface permeability test gas outlet are connected with a pressure meter and a flow meter and used for obtaining pressure and flow readings and calculating permeability. And the other pipeline inlets and outlets are connected with a pressure meter and a flow meter as required to realize the monitoring of pressure and flow.
And a laser ranging instrument is arranged at the top of the well cementation cement/cement stone cavity to realize the monitoring of the liquid level of the cement slurry. And a gas-liquid inlet and outlet are arranged to test the circulation of drilling fluid and the injection of well cementation cement slurry.
And a thermocouple is arranged in the simulated formation cavity to realize the monitoring of the formation temperature.
When the transparent glass body is used for carrying out a rapid evaluation experiment, the transparent glass body is arranged in the simulated stratum cavity along the two interfaces and combined with the cushion block, and the transparent glass body is sealed with the inner wall of the simulated stratum cavity and the cement stone lifting mould through the rubber rings. The shape, quantity, size and distribution of the cavity of the invader on the transparent glass body are pre-processed according to the experimental examination requirements. The roughness of the glass body interface can be realized by bonding quartz sand with different grain diameters by using epoxy resin.
The visual window can be used for observing invasion behaviors and micro-crack development of cement paste when the rubber-free mold pipe is used, and an observation instrument is selected according to observation requirements and can be a microscopic device or an infrared device.
The two-interface multi-purpose port is arranged along the interior of the cement stone lifting mould base as a two-interface permeability testing inlet pipeline, and the two-interface multi-purpose port pipeline is arranged along the adjacent simulated formation cavity and the well cementation cement/cement stone cavity so as to facilitate the realization of shearing action.
The device fills the blank of the visual testing method for the formation of the abnormal-shaped well cementation two interfaces and the cementation quality of the mechanical unconsolidated strata such as the natural gas hydrate and the like. Compared with the conventional oil-gas formation well cementation two-interface cementation quality testing instrument, the invention considers the influences of downhole temperature, pressure, formation mechanical properties and pore permeability on the formation and the form of the two interfaces, and tests the cementation quality of the special-shaped two interfaces by a visualization method under the temperature and pressure condition of the in-situ formation, and the evaluation model can comprehensively consider the influences of interface form, interface surface roughness, invader size and the like on the cementation quality and can also independently consider the influence of each factor. The physical model in the invention is closer to the actual situation, so that the test result is more real and the data is more reliable.
The invention brings the following effective effects: the traditional testing device consisting of three or more layers of annular cavities is simplified into only two main cavities, so that the volume of the reaction kettle body is reduced, the reaction kettle can be conveniently placed in a water bath or an air bath for cooling, and the shape and the size of the reaction kettle body can be manufactured according to the experimental requirements. The influence of different forms of cement invaders and formation interface roughness on the strength and the sealing performance of the two interfaces can be tested and evaluated, and the two interfaces to be examined are closer to those in actual drilling. The visual observation of the invasion and hardening process of the cement slurry under the conditions of in-situ formation temperature, pressure and the like can be realized, and the observation is more visual. The bond strength and permeability of the two interfaces can be simultaneously evaluated in one experiment, the test range is wider, and the performance is richer.
The device can be used for evaluating the cementing quality of the two interfaces in the process of cementing the hydrate-containing stratum, can also be widely used for testing the quality of the cementing surface of soil bodies and cement of a soft soil stratum, such as frozen soil stratum cementing quality detection, friction pile bearing capacity test and the like, and has good guiding effect in the construction of drilling engineering and underground foundation engineering in the national range.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the vertical cross-section structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the horizontal cross-sectional structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the horizontal cross-sectional structure of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of the transparent glass body of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic side view of the transparent glass body of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a cementing quality evaluation model of a cementing interface in the prior art.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, which are set forth by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The visual special-shaped well cementation two-interface cementation quality testing system shown in fig. 1 mainly comprises a high-pressure reaction kettle body 9 and an observation instrument 23, wherein the high-pressure reaction kettle body 9 can be cylindrical as shown in fig. 2, and can also be cuboid as shown in fig. 3. The high-pressure reaction kettle body 9 comprises a simulated formation cavity 17, a well cementation cement/cement stone cavity 20 and a hydraulic cylinder cavity, wherein one side wall of the hydraulic cylinder cavity is a cement stone lifting mould base 13; the hydraulic cylinder cavity is provided with a hydraulic cylinder chamber high-pressure gas-liquid inlet 10 and a hydraulic cylinder oil way pipeline 12, and a hydraulic cylinder 11 is arranged in the hydraulic cylinder cavity;
the simulated formation cavity 17 and the well cementation cement/set cement cavity 20 are communicated to form an experimental cavity, and the vertical communication surface is a two-interface; the bottom of the two interfaces is provided with two interface multipurpose ports 14, and the top is provided with two interface permeability test gas outlets 21; the inner wall of the experimental cavity is provided with a rubber mold pipe 6, the top and the bottom of the experimental cavity are respectively provided with an annular sealing retainer ring 3, and the edges of the rubber mold pipe 6 and the upper and lower groups of annular sealing retainer rings 3 are in sealing contact to form a sealing space;
a cement stone lifting mould 8 is arranged at the lower part of the well cementation cement/cement stone cavity 20, the cement stone lifting mould 8 is arranged on a cement stone lifting mould base 13, and the cement stone lifting mould 8 is driven to lift by a hydraulic cylinder 11;
in the well cementation cement/cement stone cavity 20, a gap is reserved between the inner wall of the well cementation cement/cement stone cavity 20 and the rubber mould pipe 6, a thin-wall stainless steel skeleton 7 is arranged at the gap, and the thin-wall stainless steel skeleton 7 supports the rubber mould pipe 6; a plurality of horizontal stop blocks 4 are arranged in the gap, the horizontal stop blocks 4 are fixed on the inner wall of the well cementation cement/cement stone cavity 20, and the horizontal stop blocks 4 are discontinuously distributed and are positioned at the lower edge of the upper group of annular sealing retainer rings 3; the side wall of the well cementation cement/set cement cavity 20 is provided with a confining pressure inlet 5, and the confining pressure inlet 5 is communicated with the gap;
a thermocouple 15 is arranged in the simulated formation cavity 17;
a plurality of reaction gas injection pipes 16 are arranged in the simulated formation cavity 17, and the lower ends of the reaction gas injection pipes 16 are positioned outside the bottom of the simulated formation cavity 17; a plurality of small holes are distributed on the wall of the reaction gas injection pipe 16;
visual windows 22 are respectively arranged on the sides of the simulated formation cavity 17 and the well cementation cement/cement stone cavity 20, and an observation instrument 23 is arranged outside the visual windows 22;
a sealing cover 19 is arranged at the top of the simulated stratum cavity 17, and a sealing ring 18 is arranged in the sealing cover 19;
the top of the well cementation cement/cement stone cavity 20 is sealed, the top of the well cementation cement/cement stone cavity 20 is provided with a laser ranging instrument 2, and the well cementation cement/cement stone cavity is also provided with a gas-liquid inlet and outlet 1.
The simulated formation cavity 17 is lower than the well cementation cement/set cement cavity 20 in height; the annular sealing retainer ring 3 comprises a high part and a low part which are connected through a vertical plate, and the high part and the low part are respectively positioned at the well cementation cement/cement stone cavity 20 and the simulated formation cavity 17.
When the shearing test is not needed, the rubber mold pipe 6 is a whole, and when the shearing test is needed, the rubber mold pipe 6 is divided into two parts which are respectively positioned in the simulated formation cavity 17 and the well cementation cement/cement stone cavity 20, the two parts are in contact with each other at the two interfaces and are in sliding seal in the shearing process.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the glass substrate further comprises a transparent glass body 24, and the size, number and distribution of the cavities of the invader on the transparent glass body are preset according to the experimental needs, and the arrangement can be irregular.
This example illustrates one case: a plurality of conical invasion body cavities 25 are horizontally arranged in the transparent glass body 24, the conical invasion body cavities 25 are on the same horizontal plane, a plurality of cylindrical invasion body cavities 26 are respectively arranged above and below the conical invasion body cavities 25, and the cylindrical invasion body cavities 26 on the upper layer and the lower layer are respectively positioned on the same horizontal plane; the large opening end of the conical invasion body cavity 25 and one end of the cylindrical invasion body cavity 26 are positioned on one side wall of the transparent glass body 24, the small opening end of the conical invasion body cavity 25 and the other end of the cylindrical invasion body cavity 26 are positioned in the transparent glass body 24 and are connected with the other side wall of the transparent glass body 24 through a vent pipe, and an invasion body pushing plug 27 is arranged in the vent pipe; the transparent glass body 24 is arranged in the simulated formation cavity 17 and is sealed with the inner wall of the simulated formation cavity 17 and the cement stone lifting mould 8 through a rubber ring 28.
One of the using methods is as follows:
the experiment aims to mainly test the cementing strength and permeability of the cement-containing formation well cementation two interfaces and analyze the influence of different well cementation pressure differences (cement slurry invaders with different sizes and shapes) on the quality of the two interfaces.
As shown in fig. 1, in the system for testing the cementing quality of the two interfaces of the special-shaped well cementation in the embodiment, the confining pressure inlet 5, the high-pressure gas-liquid inlet and outlet 10 of the hydraulic cylinder chamber, the oil line 12 of the hydraulic cylinder, the two-interface multi-purpose port 14, the reaction gas injection pipe 16 and the two-interface permeability test gas outlet 21 are respectively connected with a pressure gauge, the two-interface multi-purpose port 14, the reaction gas injection pipe 16 and the two-interface permeability test gas outlet 21 are simultaneously connected with a flow agent, and the two-interface multi-purpose port 14 is further connected with a slurry.
Firstly, coating proper amount of Vaseline on the inner wall of the reaction kettle at a gas outlet 21 for testing the permeability of the two interfaces. The rubber mould tube 6 is installed and the area which is in contact with the annular sealing retainer ring 3 is pre-tightened. The natural quartz sand, anhydrous calcium chloride and sodium silicate are filled and pressed into a simulated stratum cavity 17 in a mixed mode, a simulated stratum with physical property conditions meeting requirements is prepared, the height of the simulated stratum is not lower than the lower edge of the upper annular sealing retainer ring 3, a sealing cover 19 is installed after a pressing block is placed, and the whole high-pressure reaction kettle body 9 is arranged on a base frame and placed in a refrigerating chamber. Injecting pore water required for forming hydrate into the simulated formation through the reaction gas injection pipe 16, starting to cool, injecting methane gas to 8MPa through the reaction gas injection pipe 16 when the temperature reaches 2 ℃, and keeping the pressure constant for 2 hours to fully form hydrate. In the process, nitrogen is injected through the high-pressure gas-liquid inlet and outlet 10 of the hydraulic cylinder chamber to ensure that the pressure difference between the reaction cavity and the hydraulic cylinder chamber is zero as much as possible. The drilling fluid is slowly injected through the dual interface utility port 14 for a period of time required to stand still to form a volume of mud cake at the dual interface of the simulated formation, and then the drilling fluid is discharged. The low-temperature well cementation cement slurry is slowly injected through the two-interface multi-purpose port 14, the real-time liquid level position of the cement slurry is determined according to the laser range finder 2, and the liquid level position is guaranteed to be higher than the lowest position of the two-interface permeability test gas outlet 21 and lower than the lower edge of the annular sealing retainer ring 3 in the well cementation cement/cement stone cavity 20 so as to reserve the stroke required by the shearing action. High-pressure nitrogen is injected through the gas-liquid inlet and outlet 1 to enable the pressure of cement paste to be larger than the pore pressure of the stratum so that the cement paste invades into the hydrate stratum, and the pressure of the nitrogen is kept constant. After the cement slurry is fully cured, a certain amount of confining pressure is added to the simulated stratum and the well cementation cement in the well cementation cement/cement stone cavity 20 through the confining pressure inlet 5. Injecting nitrogen gas with pressure higher than that in the cavity by using the two-interface multi-purpose port 14, collecting gas permeating through the two interfaces through the two-interface permeability test gas outlet 21, recording the pressure and flow of the two-interface multi-purpose port 14 and the two-interface permeability test gas outlet 21 in the process, and calculating the permeability of the two interfaces. And starting the hydraulic cylinder 11 to lift the set cement for shearing, recording the pressure change of the hydraulic cylinder, and calculating the shearing strength. The two-interface cementing strength is obtained by comparing the shear strength of the instrument under the self weight and friction when the well cementing cement slurry is not injected. After the test is finished, the confining pressure, the pressure in the cavity and the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder chamber are sequentially removed, the high-pressure reaction kettle body 9 is opened, and the two interfaces and the shape of the invader are observed after the simulated formation is moved out.
When the transparent glass body 24 is used for simulation experiment, the manufacture of the simulated stratum is replaced by the transparent glass body 24, the residual space in the cavity of the simulated stratum is completed by the pressing block and the cushion block, and hydrate does not need to be formed in the experiment process. The influence of the roughness of the invader or the interface on the quality of the two-interface cementation is directly examined. The above example is an experiment using the rubber mold tube 6, and the requirement for sealing is high.
In addition, when the permeability of the simulated stratum is poor or the cementing quality of the two interfaces does not need to be tested under the actual stratum in-situ stress condition, the rubber mould pipe 6 is not needed, and the confining pressure step is not needed in the experimental process. At this time, a microscopic device can be arranged at the visible window 22 to observe the invasion of the cement paste and the formation and development of micro-cracks in real time.
The second use method is as follows:
the experiment aims to mainly test the influence of the roughness of the cement invader and the interface on the cementation quality of the two interfaces and analyze the quantitative influence of the invader with different sizes and the interface with different roughness, so that the method is used for guiding the selection of process parameters in the well cementation process.
As shown in fig. 1, in the system for testing the cementing quality of the two interfaces of the abnormal well cementation in the embodiment, the hydraulic cylinder oil line 12, the two-interface multipurpose port 14 and the two-interface permeability testing gas outlet 21 are connected with the pressure gauge, the two-interface multipurpose port 14 and the two-interface permeability testing gas outlet 21 are also connected with the flow agent, and the two-interface multipurpose port 14 is connected with the slurry pump.
Firstly, coating proper amount of Vaseline on the inner wall of the reaction kettle at a gas outlet 21 for testing the permeability of the two interfaces. The transparent glass body 24 is then installed in the simulated formation cavity 17, the remaining space being supplemented by spacers. Conical invasion body cavities 25 and cylindrical invasion body cavities 26 with different sizes, quantities and distributions are manufactured on the transparent glass body 24 in advance according to research needs, and quartz sand with certain particle sizes is bonded on the side surface of the transparent glass body 24 through epoxy resin. When only the influence of the cement invader on the cementation quality of the two interfaces is examined, the quartz sand is not required to be bonded. The sealing cover 19 is installed and the temperature is reduced to the experimental requirement. Then, cement paste is slowly injected through the two-interface multi-purpose port 14 so that the cement paste enters the conical invasion body cavity 25 and the cylindrical invasion body cavity 26, and the height of the cement paste page is monitored in real time through the laser range finder 2. And after the injection is finished, the cement slurry is fully hydrated and solidified.
Injecting nitrogen gas with pressure higher than that in the cavity by using the two-interface multi-purpose port 14, collecting gas permeating through the two interfaces through the two-interface permeability test gas outlet 21, recording the pressure and flow of the two-interface multi-purpose port 14 and the two-interface permeability test gas outlet 21 in the process, and calculating the permeability of the two interfaces. And starting the hydraulic cylinder 11 to lift the set cement for shearing, recording the pressure change of the hydraulic cylinder 11, and calculating the bonding strength of the two interfaces. In the whole test process, the formation and development processes of cement paste hydration and micro-cracks can be observed in real time through the microscopic device arranged at the visible window 22. And opening the reaction kettle after the test is finished, replacing the invader cavities with different sizes, shapes and interface roughness, and repeating the test according to the steps.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that are within the spirit and scope of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (5)
1. A visual special-shaped well cementation two-interface cementation quality test system mainly comprises a high-pressure reaction kettle body (9) and an observation instrument (23), and is characterized in that the high-pressure reaction kettle body (9) comprises a simulated formation cavity (17), a well cementation cement/cement stone cavity (20) and a hydraulic cylinder cavity, and one side wall of the hydraulic cylinder cavity is a cement stone lifting mold base (13); the hydraulic cylinder cavity is provided with a hydraulic cylinder chamber high-pressure gas-liquid inlet and outlet (10) and a hydraulic cylinder oil line (12), and a hydraulic cylinder (11) is arranged in the hydraulic cylinder cavity;
the simulated formation cavity (17) and the well cementation cement/set cement cavity (20) are communicated to form an experimental cavity, and the vertical communication surface is a two-interface; the bottom of the two interfaces is provided with two interface multipurpose ports (14), and the top is provided with two interface permeability test gas outlets (21); the top and the bottom of the experimental cavity are respectively provided with an annular sealing retainer ring (3);
a cement stone lifting mould (8) is arranged at the lower part of the well cementation cement/cement stone cavity (20), and the cement stone lifting mould (8) is arranged on a cement stone lifting mould base (13); the cement stone lifting mould (8) is driven to lift by a hydraulic cylinder (11);
a thermocouple (15) is arranged in the simulated formation cavity (17);
a plurality of reaction gas injection pipes (16) are arranged in the simulated formation cavity (17), and the lower ends of the reaction gas injection pipes (16) are positioned outside the bottom of the simulated formation cavity (17); a plurality of small holes are distributed on the wall of the reaction gas injection pipe (16);
visual windows (22) are respectively arranged on the sides of the simulated formation cavity (17) and the well cementation cement/cement stone cavity (20), and an observation instrument (23) is arranged outside the visual windows (22);
a sealing cover (19) is arranged at the top of the simulated formation cavity (17), and a sealing ring (18) is arranged in the sealing cover (19);
the top of the well cementation cement/cement stone cavity (20) is sealed, the top of the well cementation cement/cement stone cavity (20) is provided with a laser ranging instrument (2), and the well cementation cement/cement stone cavity is also provided with a gas-liquid inlet and outlet (1).
2. The visual shaped cementing two-interface cementation quality test system according to claim 1, wherein the simulated formation cavity (17) is positioned at a lower height than the cementing cement/set cement cavity (20); the annular sealing retainer ring (3) comprises a high part and a low part which are connected through a vertical plate, and the high part and the low part are respectively positioned at a well cementation cement/cement stone cavity (20) and a simulated formation cavity (17).
3. The visual special-shaped well cementation two-interface cementation quality test system according to claim 1, wherein a rubber mold pipe (6) is arranged on the inner wall of the experimental cavity, and the edges of the rubber mold pipe (6) and the upper and lower groups of annular sealing retainer rings (3) are in sealing contact to form a sealing space; in the well cementation cement/cement stone cavity (20), a gap is reserved between the inner wall of the well cementation cement/cement stone cavity (20) and the rubber mould pipe (6), a thin-wall stainless steel skeleton (7) is arranged at the gap, and the thin-wall stainless steel skeleton (7) supports the rubber mould pipe (6); a plurality of horizontal stop blocks (4) are arranged in the gap, the horizontal stop blocks (4) are fixed on the inner wall of the well cementation cement/cement stone cavity (20), and the horizontal stop blocks (4) are discontinuously distributed and are positioned at the lower edge of the upper group of annular sealing retainer rings (3); and the side wall of the well cementation cement/cement stone cavity (20) is provided with a confining pressure inlet (5), and the confining pressure inlet (5) is communicated with the gap.
4. The visual special-shaped well cementation two-interface cementation quality test system according to claim 3, wherein the rubber mould pipe (6) is an integral body when a shear test is not required, and the rubber mould pipe (6) is divided into two parts when the shear test is required, wherein the two parts are respectively positioned in the simulated formation cavity (17) and the well cementation cement/cement stone cavity (20), the two parts are in contact with each other at the two interfaces and are in sliding seal during the shearing process.
5. The visual abnormal well cementation two-interface cementation quality test system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by further comprising a transparent glass body (24), wherein a plurality of invader cavities are arranged in the transparent glass body (24), one end of each invader cavity is positioned on one side wall of the transparent glass body (24), the other end of each invader cavity is positioned in the transparent glass body (24) and is connected with the other side wall of the transparent glass body (24) through a vent pipe, and an invader push plug (27) is arranged in the vent pipe; the transparent glass body (24) is arranged in the simulated formation cavity (17) and is sealed with the inner wall of the simulated formation cavity (17) and the cement stone lifting mould (8) through a rubber ring (28).
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| CN202560207U (en) * | 2012-05-17 | 2012-11-28 | 东北石油大学 | Experimental device for determining cementation degree of interface of well cementation cement sheath |
| US9038450B2 (en) * | 2013-01-18 | 2015-05-26 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Method and apparatus for characterizing fluid channeling through a cement formation interface of a subterranian wellbore |
| WO2015153823A1 (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2015-10-08 | Schlumberger Canada Limited | Wellbore cement simulator |
| CN104632204A (en) * | 2015-01-06 | 2015-05-20 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Hard and brittle shale microfracture manufacturing method and plugging capability testing system |
| CN104818957A (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2015-08-05 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for improving cement quality of cement-formation interfaces of deep wells |
| CN105484729B (en) * | 2016-01-07 | 2019-01-15 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | One kind containing hydrate, ice stratum cementing concrete ring second interface cementing strength test device |
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| CN206707694U (en) * | 2017-05-18 | 2017-12-05 | 西南石油大学 | Hydrate formation primary cement evaluation experimental provision in a kind of deep water cementing |
| CN107725030B (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2023-05-26 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Device and method for evaluating two-interface maintenance and cementing quality of well cementation under disturbance of formation water |
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