CN104632204A - Hard and brittle shale microfracture manufacturing method and plugging capability testing system - Google Patents

Hard and brittle shale microfracture manufacturing method and plugging capability testing system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104632204A
CN104632204A CN201510004960.XA CN201510004960A CN104632204A CN 104632204 A CN104632204 A CN 104632204A CN 201510004960 A CN201510004960 A CN 201510004960A CN 104632204 A CN104632204 A CN 104632204A
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China
Prior art keywords
shale
rock sample
microcrack
pressure
rock
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CN201510004960.XA
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Inventor
侯杰
刘永贵
宋广顺
宋涛
李海
赵亚涛
孙宪军
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Daqing Petroleum Administration Bureau
China National Petroleum Corp
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Daqing Petroleum Administration Bureau
China National Petroleum Corp
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Priority to CN201510004960.XA priority Critical patent/CN104632204A/en
Publication of CN104632204A publication Critical patent/CN104632204A/en
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/13Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum exploration and development experimental facilities, in particular to a hard and brittle shale microfracture manufacturing method and a plugging capability testing system. The testing system comprises a stable gas source, a high-temperature and high-pressure dynamic displacement device, a shale sample clamp, an outlet liquid receiving device and a circulating press pump, wherein the stable gas source is connected with the high-temperature and high-pressure dynamic displacement device through a section of high-pressure pipeline, the shale sample clamp is used for clamping a shale sample to be tested and is connected with the high-temperature and high-pressure dynamic displacement device through screw threads, the outlet liquid receiving device is connected with the outlet end of the shale sample clamp through a valve, the circulating press pump is connected with the shale clamp through a high-pressure pipeline, and stable pressure is provided as the pressure of the circulating press pump through the stable gas source. The manufacturing method and the plugging capacity testing system can be used for plugging agent preference selection experiments and drilling liquid plugging capability test experiments, and a reliable testing means is provided for the researches of the well wall stability of a hard and brittle shale stratum.

Description

Hard brittle shale microcrack preparation method and shut-off capacity test macro
Technical field
The present invention relates to petroleum exploration and development experimental facilities and method and technology field, particularly a kind of hard brittle shale microcrack preparation method and shut-off capacity test macro.
Background technology
At present, borehole well instability causes the loss at least about 600,000,000 dollars to World Oil Industry every year, and the time of consumption accounts for 5% ~ 6% of drilling well total time.Data display according to statistics, the borehole well instability problem that mud shale stratum accounts for 70%, more than 90% of bored total stratum all occurs in mud shale stratum, and wherein the borehole well instability problem of about 2/3rds occurs in hard brittle shale stratum.This is because hard brittle shale microcrack is grown, meet water and not only hydration swelling occurs, clay can also can be migrated with fluid, after being particularly subject to the outside fluid intrusions such as drilling fluid and External Force Acting, " waterpower wedge " effect can be there is in microcrack, make fracture extension, to stitch wide change large, mud shale internal fissure even can be caused mutually through, the major accident such as cause that well slough, bit freezing and well are scrapped.These problems all seriously constrain the development of oilfield prospecting developing.
Find through a large amount of desk research and on-the-spot application, solve the volatile steady technical barrier of the hard brittle shale stratum borehole wall, the shut-off capacity of drilling fluid must be improved, strengthen the shutoff to microcrack, stop drilling fluid or filtrate to be permeated to deep formation by microcrack.Form a set of drilling fluid composition with good shut-off capacity, key is that can evaluation method try one's best the hydration situation of hard brittle shale under the HTHP effect of real simulation shaft bottom and shutoff situation.
At present, for simulated formation microcrack in laboratory, the experimental technique carrying out drilling fluid composition research and shut-off capacity evaluation mainly contains:
Casting bed shutoff experimental method: substitute filter paper with the quartz sand of certain order number, evaluates shutoff experiment by measuring filter loss.The method can reflect the plugging effect of drilling fluid composition to sandstone pores to a certain extent, but sandstone pores cannot be mated with the size of hard brittle shale microcrack, the material of quartz sand and hard brittle shale are also two different concepts completely, the former is inertia material, any effect can not be there is with fluid matasomatism, can be there is the effect such as aquation, expansion in the latter, limitation is very large in this way in institute under outside fluid effect.
Level and smooth bloom simulation: cut open from centre by the steel column with rock core equidimension, is the crack that different in width simulated by the material such as the steel column of semicircle or the paper of steel disc therebetween different-thickness with two cross sections, then puts into core holding unit and carry out shutoff evaluation.The advantage of the method is that steel column and steel disc can reuse, but the level and smooth surface of steel differs larger with the feature of formation fracture surface irregularity; Steel, under condition of different temperatures, also exist the feature of expanding with heat and contract with cold, and the actual width of fracture also exists impact; Meanwhile, the material of steel is also completely different from mud shale.So final shutoff result and truth greatly differ from each other.
Transparent toughened glass simulation: rock sample to be measured is one group of transparent toughened glass, carries out chemical etching to simulate the roughness of mud shale fracture faces on its surface, final form one group of depth bounds in the crack of 10 ~ 100 μm.And combine according to different experimental subjects.This evaluation method is compared with level and smooth bloom simulation with casting bed shutoff experimental method, and crack width easily controls, it is higher to stitch surface roughness, but the crack of the method simulation remains vertical masonry joint, and to have certain flexibility different from natural core crack; Tempered glass is after chemical etching, although can the roughness of simulation mud shale rock core to a certain degree, the roughness with true core seam face be compared, and also there is very large difference; Meanwhile, tempered glass is also inertia material, can not simulate the dispersion of clay particle aquation and the process expanded.
Splitting rock sample man-made fracture simulation: be after being adopted by formation rock Brazilian split the law to make seam, then be fixed together formation containing crannied synthetic core sample with materials such as adhesive tapes.Although this method can be consistent with hard brittle shale on Material selec-tion, but crack width is just wide by the equivalence seam conversed after perm-plug method, but not actual seam is wide, there is error in experimental result, the power of plugging material and drilling fluid system shut-off capacity can not be evaluated completely, have certain limitation.
These methods achieve the simulation to hard brittle shale microcrack all to a certain extent above, and the drilling fluid composition stronger to development shut-off capacity has certain directive significance.But all there is larger gap with the true environment of hard brittle shale under the high-temperature and high-pressure conditions of shaft bottom, and material and seam region feature differ comparatively large with true mud shale, cannot the change procedure of real simulation hard brittle shale under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions and the shutoff process of drilling fluid fracture.
Summary of the invention
(1) technical problem to be solved
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide preparation method and the drilling fluid shut-off capacity test macro of real simulation hard brittle shale microcrack rock sample to be measured under a kind of high-temperature and high-pressure conditions.Can be used for optimization experiment and the drilling fluid shut-off capacity test experiments of sealing agent, the Study in Stability of Borehole Wall for hard brittle shale stratum provides reliable means of testing.
(2) technology contents
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of hard brittle shale microcrack preparation method, comprising:
Step 1, rock core of being cored on stratum drill through the standard core column obtaining diameter 25 × length 30mm by dry method, make after seam instrument man seam through mud shale, obtain the rock core that two half sections are semicircle, its surface has flexibility and roughness, carrys out simulated formation mud shale fracture faces feature;
Step 2, choose the complete and lines core block clearly in seam face, opposite joint face is through dedusting, etching processing, half respectively pads along the position, both sides of the edge of seam face longitudinal direction that upper 2mm is wide, the inertia strip material of different-thickness wherein, the microcrack of simulation 10 ~ 100 μm of different in width;
Step 3, in statu quo closed up by two halves rock core, flexible glue gum cover in rock sample outer cover, after high-temperature process, gum cover wraps rock core, completes rock sample to be measured.
Preferably, described inertia strip material is the one in tinfoil, aluminium foil and organic glass thin slice.
Again on the one hand, the present invention also provides a kind of and carries out shut-off capacity test macro to mud shale microcrack rock sample, comprising: stablize source of the gas, the dynamic driving device of HTHP, rock sample clamper, fluid receiving device and ring press pump,
Described stable source of the gas is connected with the dynamic driving device of HTHP by one section of high pressure line, described rock sample gripper rock sample to be measured, be connected by the dynamic driving device of screw thread and HTHP, liquid discharge device is connected by the port of export of valve with rock sample clamper, ring press pump is connected with rock sample clamper by high pressure line, and the pressure of ring press pump provides steady pressure by stablizing source of the gas.
Preferably, described stable source of the gas is provided by nitrogen cylinder or hydraulic pump.
(3) beneficial effect
The invention provides preparation method and the drilling fluid shut-off capacity test macro of real simulation hard brittle shale microcrack rock sample to be measured under a kind of high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, can be used for optimization experiment and the drilling fluid shut-off capacity test experiments of sealing agent, the Study in Stability of Borehole Wall for hard brittle shale stratum provides reliable means of testing.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the preparation method flow chart of embodiment of the present invention simulation hard brittle shale microcrack rock sample to be measured;
Fig. 2 is embodiment of the present invention drilling fluid shut-off capacity test system structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the embodiment of the present invention one curve map;
Fig. 4 is the embodiment of the present invention two curve map.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.Following examples for illustration of the present invention, but are not used to limit the scope of the invention.
The present invention selects rock sample to be that the stratum natural core of coring is after a series of process, the intrinsic fracture of simulation hard brittle shale, because the feature only having natural core just to have stratum hard brittle shale to run into aquation dispersion after outside fluid, expand, also can real embodiment plugging material stop in fracture faces, the overall process of heap sum shutoff.As shown in Figure 1, concrete making step is as follows for the process that rock sample makes:
(1) rock core of being cored on stratum drills through acquisition 25 × 30mm(diameter × length by dry method) standard core column, make after seam instrument man seam through mud shale, obtain the rock core that two half sections are semicircle, its surface has certain flexibility and roughness, can real simulation stratum mud shale fracture faces feature;
(2) the complete and lines core block clearly in seam face is chosen, opposite joint face is through the specially treated such as dedusting, etching, half respectively pads along the position, both sides of the edge of seam face longitudinal direction that upper 2mm is wide, the inertia strip material of different-thickness (one in tinfoil, aluminium foil, organic glass thin slice) wherein, can simulate the microcrack of 10 ~ 100 μm of different in width;
(3) in statu quo closed up by two halves rock core, flexible glue gum cover in rock sample outer cover, after high-temperature process, gum cover wraps rock core again, and the core column of band gum cover is put into core holding unit.
In addition, the embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of drilling fluid shut-off capacity test macro, and this system comprises stable source of the gas 1, the dynamic driving device 2 of HTHP, rock sample clamper 3, fluid receiving device 4, ring press pump 5, and assembly drawing as shown in Figure 2.
Stablize source of the gas 1 to be connected with the dynamic driving device 2 of HTHP by one section of high pressure line, rock sample clamper is connected by the dynamic driving device 2 of screw thread and HTHP, fluid receiving device 4 is connected with the port of export of rock sample clamper 3 by a valve, ring press pump 5 is connected with rock sample clamper 3 by one section of high pressure line, and the pressure of ring press pump 5 provides steady pressure by stablizing source of the gas 1.
Wherein, this stable source of the gas 1 is provided by nitrogen cylinder or hydraulic pump.
Concrete testing procedure is as follows:
(1) difference made is stitched wide rock sample and put into core holding unit 3, again ring press pump 5 is connected with core holding unit 3 by high pressure line, after treating confined pressure value stabilization, core holding unit 3 is connected on the dynamic driving device 2 of HTHP (screw thread will coat some lubricating grease);
(2) open the kettle injection experiments liquid (can be the plugging material slurries or drilling fluid that prepare) on the dynamic driving device 2 of HTHP, connect source of the gas and each pipeline, open the power switch that tests the speed, rotating speed is adjusted to proper range;
(3) open pressure digital display switch, force value is adjusted within instrument rated pressure scope;
(4) open temperature detect switch (TDS), temperature is arranged on temperature value corresponding to the simulated formation temperature of analog room temperature ~ 180 DEG C (instrument can);
(5) fluid receiving device 4 is installed, when temperature rise to temperature required after, rotating speed is adjusted to the value required for experiment, record the liquid level of fluid receiving device 4, open admission valve and be forced into pressure required for experiment to kettle, the switch opening fluid receiving device 4 starts timing, reads liquid level respectively in different time points;
(6) after experiment terminates, close the gentle source switch of temperature control power supply, reduce rotor speed.After temperature is cooled to normal temperature, to kettle release, takes off core holding unit, and clean;
(7) confined pressure of core holding unit is unloaded, take out rock sample, cut off the gum cover of rock sample outer wrapping, judge by the accumulation situation of internal filter cake on seam face and the power of depth of invasion to shut-off capacity.
The feature that the present invention is different from other microcrack analogue means is:
(1) other material such as steel, organic glass is compared, the natural hard brittle shale core column that the present invention selects, have the advantages that to meet water hydratable, dispersion and even expansion, the material such as steel, organic glass does not possess this feature, can only simply simulate shutoff process, the process of shale hydration, expansion can not be realized;
(2) the present invention selects hard brittle shale rock core to make seam, compared with smoothly stitching face with steel column, the microcrack of the flexibility in seam face and the true hard brittle shale of roughness and stratum matches, and can simulate the overall process of plugging material in fracture faces stop, accumulation, shutoff;
(3) the microcrack width of the present invention's simulation is developed width, and non-equivalent seam is wide, between 10 ~ 100 μm, matches with stratum hard brittle shale microcrack width, can carry out systemic experimental study to microcrack;
(4) under the present invention can simulate Different Strata temperature, different rotating speeds, under the various experiment condition such as different pressures and different time, variable concentrations plugging material or drilling fluid stitch to different stage the overall process that wide microcrack carries out shutoff;
(5) after test process terminates, with the time (min) for abscissa, accumulative liquid outlet quantity (mL) does curve map for ordinate, can judge the shutoff situation of change of plugging material or drilling fluid fracture according to curvature of curve change; Meanwhile, the internal filter cake that after also can be observed shutoff, the depth of invasion of rock core seam face plugging material or drilling fluid is formed with accumulation, judges the power of plugging material and drilling fluid shut-off capacity further.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the invention solves results of fracture simulation material in the past and do not possess the problem that mud shale meets water meeting aquation dispersion and expansion, and achieve the precise hard_drawn tuhes of microcrack width, experimental work pressure is controlled at 0 ~ 50Mpa, by the quality of analyzing internal filter cake in accumulative liquid outlet quantity time history plot and mud shale crack to evaluate sealing agent or drilling fluid stitch wide microcrack under different experimental conditions plugging effect to difference, sealing agent is preferred, the research of drilling fluid composition optimization and shutoff mechanism provides full and accurate experimental data, to hard brittle shale stratum Study in Stability of Borehole Wall, there is important guiding effect.
Embodiment 1
Make by operating procedure the rock sample that crack width is 10 μm, 30 μm, 60 μm, indoor preparation three parts of water-base drilling fluids, add the sulfonated gilsonite of 3% wherein.Carry out the shutoff test experiments of 10 μm, 30 μm, 60 μm rock samples respectively by testing procedure with test macro of the present invention, the accumulative liquid outlet quantity of record, makes curve map, as shown in Figure 3 respectively.
As can be seen from curve map 3, the plugging effect of identical drilling fluid composition to different in width microcrack is different, stitches wide larger, initial liquid outlet quantity and accumulative liquid outlet quantity larger.After 80min, curve map all tends to be steady, illustrate this drilling fluid composition fracture carried out effective shutoff.After experiment terminates, cut open gum cover, depth of invasion and the accumulation situation of observing fracture faces internal filter cake are found out, in the rock sample of 60 μm, 30 μm, 10 μm, the mud filtrate invasion degree of depth is respectively 16.8mm, 12.5mm, 8.60mm.So rock sample analogy method of the present invention and test macro can appraisal drilling formula of liquid to the shut-off capacity in different crack.
Embodiment 2
Make by operating procedure the rock sample that three crack widths are 50 μm, indoor preparation three parts of water-base drilling fluids, add the sulfonated gilsonite of 1%, 3%, 5% concentration respectively wherein.Test the shut-off capacity of variable concentrations drilling fluid respectively by testing procedure with test macro of the present invention, the accumulative liquid outlet quantity of record, makes curve map, as shown in Figure 4.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite not departing from the technology of the present invention principle; can also make some improvement and modification, these improve and modification also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. a hard brittle shale microcrack preparation method, is characterized in that, comprising:
Step 1, rock core of being cored on stratum drill through the standard core column obtaining diameter 25 × length 30mm by dry method, make after seam instrument man seam through mud shale, obtain the rock core that two half sections are semicircle, its surface has flexibility and roughness, carrys out simulated formation mud shale fracture faces feature;
Step 2, choose the complete and lines core block clearly in seam face, opposite joint face is through dedusting, etching processing, half respectively pads along the position, both sides of the edge of seam face longitudinal direction that upper 2mm is wide, the inertia strip material of different-thickness wherein, the microcrack of simulation 10 ~ 100 μm of different in width;
Step 3, in statu quo closed up by two halves rock core, flexible glue gum cover in rock sample outer cover, after high-temperature process, gum cover wraps rock core, completes rock sample to be measured.
2. hard brittle shale microcrack preparation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described inertia strip material is the one in tinfoil, aluminium foil and organic glass thin slice.
3. hard brittle shale microcrack is carried out to a capacity test system for shutoff, it is characterized in that, comprising: stablize source of the gas, the dynamic driving device of HTHP, rock sample clamper, fluid receiving device and ring press pump,
Described stable source of the gas is connected with the dynamic driving device of HTHP by one section of high pressure line, described rock sample gripper rock sample to be measured, be connected by the dynamic driving device of screw thread and HTHP, liquid discharge device is connected by the port of export of valve with rock sample clamper, ring press pump is connected with rock sample clamper by high pressure line, and the pressure of ring press pump provides steady pressure by stablizing source of the gas.
4. test macro as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, described stable source of the gas is provided by nitrogen cylinder or hydraulic pump.
CN201510004960.XA 2015-01-06 2015-01-06 Hard and brittle shale microfracture manufacturing method and plugging capability testing system Pending CN104632204A (en)

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CN105572030A (en) * 2015-12-14 2016-05-11 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 Experimental device and experimental method for detecting blocking strength of channeling sealing agent
CN108645999A (en) * 2018-05-29 2018-10-12 中国石油大学(北京) The real-time dynamics evaluation apparatus and method of full-hole core acid corrosion fracture
CN109142192A (en) * 2018-10-08 2019-01-04 成都理工大学 Visualization abnormity well cementation second interface bonding quality and obform body strength test system
CN109389894A (en) * 2017-08-08 2019-02-26 中国石油化工股份有限公司 A kind of preparation method of microcrack core model
CN109521186A (en) * 2018-11-30 2019-03-26 华南理工大学 One kind probing into the dynamic (dynamical) test method of crack autogenous healing
US10364184B2 (en) 2017-02-06 2019-07-30 Southwest Petroleum University Manufacturing method of big-model low-permeability microcrack core
CN111255445A (en) * 2020-01-17 2020-06-09 西南石油大学 Method and system for obtaining evaluation model, and evaluation method and evaluation system
CN112012729A (en) * 2020-09-04 2020-12-01 中国石油大学(华东) Multifunctional oil-gas well wall simulation experiment device and application
CN113588402A (en) * 2021-06-21 2021-11-02 中国石油大学(华东) Experimental device for ultrasonic testing shale hydration microcrack propagation characteristic of high temperature and high pressure water circulation
CN114088880A (en) * 2021-11-18 2022-02-25 中国石油大学(北京) Quantitative evaluation method for testing plugging property of drilling fluid
CN116124596A (en) * 2023-04-20 2023-05-16 北京石油化工学院 Method, device and storage medium for predicting crack plugging capability of temporary plugging agent
WO2023212864A1 (en) * 2022-05-05 2023-11-09 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Design and usage of artificial fracture setup for gel evaluation

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CN105572030A (en) * 2015-12-14 2016-05-11 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 Experimental device and experimental method for detecting blocking strength of channeling sealing agent
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CN109389894A (en) * 2017-08-08 2019-02-26 中国石油化工股份有限公司 A kind of preparation method of microcrack core model
CN108645999B (en) * 2018-05-29 2023-08-22 中国石油大学(北京) Real-time dynamic evaluation device and method for full-diameter rock core acid etching crack flow conductivity
CN108645999A (en) * 2018-05-29 2018-10-12 中国石油大学(北京) The real-time dynamics evaluation apparatus and method of full-hole core acid corrosion fracture
CN109142192A (en) * 2018-10-08 2019-01-04 成都理工大学 Visualization abnormity well cementation second interface bonding quality and obform body strength test system
CN109521186A (en) * 2018-11-30 2019-03-26 华南理工大学 One kind probing into the dynamic (dynamical) test method of crack autogenous healing
CN111255445A (en) * 2020-01-17 2020-06-09 西南石油大学 Method and system for obtaining evaluation model, and evaluation method and evaluation system
CN111255445B (en) * 2020-01-17 2022-06-17 西南石油大学 Method and system for obtaining evaluation model, and evaluation method and evaluation system
CN112012729A (en) * 2020-09-04 2020-12-01 中国石油大学(华东) Multifunctional oil-gas well wall simulation experiment device and application
CN113588402A (en) * 2021-06-21 2021-11-02 中国石油大学(华东) Experimental device for ultrasonic testing shale hydration microcrack propagation characteristic of high temperature and high pressure water circulation
CN113588402B (en) * 2021-06-21 2023-12-26 中国石油大学(华东) Ultrasonic wave detects hydrologic cycle effect shale hydration microcrack extension experimental apparatus
CN114088880A (en) * 2021-11-18 2022-02-25 中国石油大学(北京) Quantitative evaluation method for testing plugging property of drilling fluid
WO2023212864A1 (en) * 2022-05-05 2023-11-09 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Design and usage of artificial fracture setup for gel evaluation
CN116124596A (en) * 2023-04-20 2023-05-16 北京石油化工学院 Method, device and storage medium for predicting crack plugging capability of temporary plugging agent

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