CN115401361A - Magnesium-lithium alloy electric arc additive manufacturing welding wire, preparation method thereof and additive manufacturing method - Google Patents
Magnesium-lithium alloy electric arc additive manufacturing welding wire, preparation method thereof and additive manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/28—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 950 degrees C
- B23K35/284—Mg as the principal constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/40—Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention discloses a magnesium-lithium alloy electric arc additive manufacturing welding wire, a preparation method thereof and an additive manufacturing method, wherein the welding wire comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 6-14 wt.% of Li, 1-5 wt.% of Al, 1-5 wt.% of Zn, 0.2-3 wt.% of RE and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurities. The magnesium-lithium alloy wire can be obtained by smelting, extruding and surface treatment processes. The technological parameters of the welding wire are as follows: the current is 60A-180A, the wire feeding speed is 1000-3000 mm/min, the welding speed is 100-300 mm/s, the ratio of the welding speed to the wire feeding speed is 2-15, and after the additive manufacturing is finished, the magnesium-lithium alloy workpiece is subjected to solution heat treatment. The invention can overcome the constraint of the traditional manufacturing process, realizes the refinement of crystal grains and is beneficial to improving the mechanical property of the magnesium-lithium alloy workpiece. The process method can bring dual weight reduction on the structure and the material, and has wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of additive manufacturing, and particularly provides a magnesium-lithium alloy electric arc additive manufacturing welding wire, a preparation method thereof and an additive manufacturing method.
Background
The magnesium-lithium alloy is the lightest alloy structural material in the world at present and has the density of 0.95g/cm 3 ～1.65g/cm 3 Also known as ultra-light alloys. The magnesium-lithium alloy has extremely high specific stiffness, specific strength, excellent anti-seismic performance and high-energy particle penetration resistance, and the density of the magnesium-lithium alloy is far less than that of an aluminum-lithium alloy used as an aviation material, so that the magnesium-lithium alloy is widely applied to the fields of automobiles, electronic industry, medical instruments, weapon industry, nuclear industry, aviation, aerospace and the like after being developed and becomes one of structural materials with huge application potential.
The high-ductility high-product magnesium-lithium alloy is difficult to realize through casting and deformation processes, and additive manufacturing is taken as a new process and method, and is expected to realize the performance that casting and deformation are difficult to realize. The additive manufacturing technique is a layer-by-layer manufacturing method, and unlike the traditional 'subtractive' manufacturing method, the additive manufacturing technique slices a 3D CAD model into 2D layers based on the principle of discretization-stacking, and generates parts by stacking layer-by-layer. Additive manufacturing has at least three advantages: (1) Additive manufacturing enables the machining of components of complex geometries that are difficult or impossible to achieve using conventional manufacturing processes, thereby improving the engineering performance of the component; (2) By avoiding the scrapping of tools, dies and materials related to the traditional manufacturing process, the additive manufacturing can reduce the process flow of part manufacturing, can realize near-net forming, improve the utilization rate of materials, and simultaneously can refine crystal grains in the rapid solidification process to improve the performance; (3) The novel geometry achieved by additive manufacturing techniques may also bring performance and environmental advantages in component product applications.
Chinese patent No. CN 108356267A discloses a magnesium alloy additive manufacturing process, in which laser is used to melt and solidify magnesium alloy powder, and then low-temperature inert gas treatment is immediately performed. While the Selective Laser Melting (SLM) process for magnesium-lithium alloys will have the following difficulties: (1) In the SLM process, an oxide layer is easily formed due to the increased alloy surface area caused by the powder and the high affinity of Mg, li elements for oxygen. The oxide layer reduces the bond strength between the powders and causes various metallurgical defects. (2) In high power laser input, mg and Li are easier to evaporate than other alloy elements (Al, zn and RE). Therefore, the composition of the SLM formed workpiece may vary, making it difficult to achieve fabrication of components of a particular composition. The research of the literature finds that when the electric arc additive and magnesium alloy WAAM forming technology is developed and applied (casting technology 2021 (06): pp 521-526), an alternating current power supply is adopted, a welding gun is reversely connected with a workpiece, the workpiece is a cathode, the welding gun is an anode, and at the moment, cathode spots are easily formed at the oxide film on the surface of the workpiece, which is beneficial to removing the oxide film on the surface of metal; when the welding gun is in positive connection with the workpiece, namely the workpiece is an anode and the welding gun is a cathode, the gun head can be cooled and the electrode can be ensured to emit enough electrons to stabilize an electric arc, so that the oxidation of the magnesium alloy is reduced, and the processing defects are reduced. However, the WAAM magnesium alloy is mainly an AZ series magnesium alloy, and there is no magnesium alloy dedicated for WAAM.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to break through the constraint of the current magnesium-lithium alloy casting and deformation process and solve the problems that the selective laser melting process is not suitable for magnesium-lithium alloy additive manufacturing and the electric arc additive manufacturing magnesium alloy is single in type and the like, the invention aims to provide a magnesium-lithium alloy electric arc additive manufacturing welding wire, a preparation method and an additive manufacturing method thereof, so that the crystal grains of the magnesium-lithium alloy material are refined and the performance of the magnesium-lithium alloy material is improved in the electric arc additive manufacturing process of the magnesium-lithium alloy.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a magnesium-lithium alloy electric arc additive manufacturing welding wire which comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 6-14 wt.% of Li, 1-5 wt.% of Al, 1-5 wt.% of Zn, 0.2-3 wt.% of RE and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurities, wherein the rare earth elements are one or more of Yb, gd, dy, er, tb, ho and Y. The total content of Fe, si, cu and Ni in the impurities is less than 0.02wt%.
The invention provides a preparation method of a magnesium-lithium alloy welding wire for electric arc additive manufacturing, which comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing raw materials according to the composition proportion of each chemical element of a magnesium-lithium alloy welding wire with Li 6-14 wt.%, al 1-5 wt.%, zn 1-5 wt.%, RE 0.2-3 wt.% and the balance of Mg for smelting and casting;
s2: processing the ingot prepared in the step S1 into a cylindrical ingot and preserving heat;
s3: extruding the cylindrical ingot prepared in the step S2 to obtain a wire material;
s4: and (4) performing surface treatment on the wire material in the step (S3) to obtain the magnesium-lithium alloy welding wire for electric arc additive manufacturing, so as to be used for subsequent additive manufacturing.
Preferably, the raw materials in step S1 include pure Mg, pure Li, pure Al, pure Zn, and Mg-RE master alloy, and the melting is performed in a vacuum intermediate frequency induction melting furnace.
Preferably, the temperature for heat preservation in the step S2 is 270-280 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 2-3 hours. The cylindrical ingot is
A cylindrical ingot of (1).
Preferably, the extrusion in step S3 is performed at a temperature of 250-260 ℃. To obtain a wire having a diameter of
Preferably, the die for extrusion in step S3 is preheated to 250-260 ℃ in advance. And extruding nine pieces of the die one die, namely simultaneously extruding nine wires.
Preferably, the surface treatment in the step S4 is to make the wire pass through a sizing mill at a constant speed, remove the surface oxide of the wire in a mechanical manner under the condition of a small reducing ratio, and further improve the dimensional accuracy and the roundness of the wire.
The lattice structure of the magnesium-lithium alloy crystal has the characteristic of changing along with the lithium content, the plasticity of the magnesium alloy is improved by adding the lithium element, a plurality of cast ingots are sequentially fed into an extruder in the extrusion wire-making process, wires with good surface quality can be continuously and uniformly extruded, and the length of each wire depends on the number of the cast ingots; due to the fact that the die is used for molding nine pieces, a plurality of wires can be connected through a welding process for continuity of the additive manufacturing process, and therefore a single wire is obtained. Al can improve the room temperature strength of the alloy; zn can improve the strength, plasticity and creep resistance of the alloy. When the zinc content is more than 2.5 percent, the corrosion resistance of the alloy is negatively influenced. The content is generally controlled below 2%. The solid solubility of Y in magnesium is higher, and the Y and other rare earth elements can improve the high-temperature tensile property and creep property of the magnesium alloy and improve the corrosion behavior. The improvement of high-temperature mechanical property can be attributed to solid solution strengthening, the refinement of alloy dendritic structure and the dispersion of precipitation products. The effect of the lithium element is mainly mentioned here because the magnesium alloy has an hcp structure, which has certain difficulty in preparing the wire, and the addition of the lithium element can transform the magnesium alloy from the hcp structure to the bcc structure, thereby changing the plasticity of the magnesium alloy and being easy to prepare the wire for additive manufacturing.
The invention also provides an additive manufacturing method based on the magnesium-lithium alloy electric arc additive manufacturing wire material, which comprises the following steps:
a1: fixing a magnesium-lithium alloy substrate, installing the welding wire, and performing additive manufacturing under an inert gas atmosphere;
a2: writing a scanning path program in the additive manufacturing process, and moving a welding gun to a position 10-15 mm away from a substrate to ensure stable arcing; the magnesium-lithium alloy wire is melted by electric arc and deposited on a magnesium-lithium alloy substrate to complete additive manufacturing of a preset workpiece shape, so that an additive manufacturing workpiece is obtained;
a3: and performing solution heat treatment on the additive manufacturing workpiece.
Preferably, in the step A1, the angle between the wire and the substrate is 30-45 deg. The fixed magnesium-lithium alloy substrate specifically comprises the following steps: fixing the cleaned magnesium-lithium alloy substrate on a working platform; the welding wire installation specifically comprises the following steps: and installing welding wires required in the additive manufacturing process on a wire feeding mechanism. The inert gas comprises one or more of rare gas, nitrogen and carbon dioxide, the rare gas is helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon, and the argon is commonly used in industry as a protective gas; and inert gases such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide and the like have good protection effect without argon because magnesium and lithium in the magnesium-lithium alloy are active elements and are easy to react with the magnesium-lithium alloy.
Preferably, in step A1, the concentration of air in the inert gas atmosphere is less than 1ppm. During manufacturing, argon is filled into a sealed cavity for the electric arc additive manufacturing equipment until the air concentration is lower than 1ppm.
The invention adopts a front wire feeding mode to feed wires. The common wire feeding modes include a front wire feeding mode and a rear wire feeding mode, and different wire feeding modes have different heating mechanisms for wires. The front wire feeding mode has the advantages that wires are more fully melted, deposited metal layers are completely fused, and the overall mechanical performance is better.
Preferably, in the step A2, the additive manufacturing adopts a tungsten inert gas welding process (GTAW/TIG; figure 1) to perform additive manufacturing of the magnesium-lithium alloy.
Preferably, in step A2, the process parameters of the additive manufacturing method are as follows: the current is 60A-180A, the wire feeding speed is 1000-3000 mm/min, the welding speed is 100-300 mm/s, the wire feeding speed and the welding speed have the matched requirement, and the ratio of the welding speed to the wire feeding speed is 5-15.
Preferably, in step A2, the 5-7 layers which are just deposited are subjected to additive manufacturing under the condition that the current is 15-25A higher than the current of the preset process parameter.
In the material increase process, when the substrate is not preheated in advance, the temperature between the deposition layers can be increased along with the increase of the number of the deposition layers, and after a certain number of the deposition layers are deposited, the temperature between the deposition layers tends to be stable. However, at different temperatures, the bath spreads differently, the higher the temperature, the better the spread and, macroscopically, the wider the width of the deposit. Therefore, not preheating the substrate in advance results in a smaller width of the first few deposited layers, which is detrimental to the subsequent formation of taller workpieces. In the magnesium-lithium alloy electric arc additive manufacturing process, the substrate is not preheated in advance, additive manufacturing is carried out on a plurality of layers which are deposited at the beginning under the process parameter with slightly large heat input, and then additive manufacturing is carried out by adopting the preset process parameter when the temperature between the layers is stable, so that the magnesium-lithium alloy additive manufacturing workpiece with good formability is realized.
Preferably, in the step A3, the temperature of the solution heat treatment is 300-400 ℃, and the holding time is 2-24 h.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) The wire material is prepared by smelting, heat treatment and extrusion, the prepared magnesium-lithium alloy wire material has uniform components, and the diameter and the length of the wire material meet the requirements of the wire material used for electric arc additive manufacturing.
2) The magnesium-lithium alloy electric arc additive manufacturing can achieve double weight reduction effects in the aspects of structures and materials, and promote the process of light weight.
3) Because the solidification speed of the molten pool in the material increase process is extremely high, the crystal grains are obviously refined under the unbalanced solidification condition, and the mechanical property is obviously improved compared with that of a workpiece prepared by the traditional forming method. The non-equilibrium solidification is that in the process of crystallizing and separating out solids from liquid, because the temperature reduction speed is too high, the solid molecules separated out from the liquid are not uniformly diffused, the concentration of the solid molecules in the crystals is not uniform, and when the temperature is reduced to a solidus line, the phenomenon of non-uniform crystallization of a liquid phase still exists. The solidification speed in the additive manufacturing process is extremely high, which is a unique characteristic of additive manufacturing, so that the non-equilibrium solidification condition mentioned in the invention is realized.
4) The electric arc additive manufacturing process is beneficial to removing oxides on the metal surface, and the additive manufacturing is carried out under the argon environment, so that oxide inclusions are prevented from being introduced into a formed piece.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the GTAW process of magnesium-lithium alloys of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will aid those skilled in the art in further understanding the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any manner. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The welding wire comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 8wt.% Li, 3wt.% Al, 2wt.% Zn, 0.5wt.% Y, and the balance magnesium.
Preparing pure Mg, pure Li, pure Al, pure Zn and Mg-Y intermediate alloy according to the proportion of each component of the magnesium-lithium alloy welding wire, carrying out smelting casting in a vacuum medium-frequency induction smelting furnace, and processing cast ingots into ingots
The cylindrical ingot of (1); preheating the die to 260 deg.C in advance, and extruding the obtained cylindrical ingot at 260 deg.C
A wire. The surface of the wire is treated, so that the wire passes through a sizing mill at a constant speed, the oxide on the surface of the wire is removed by a mechanical mode under the condition of a small reducing rate, and the size precision and the roundness of the wire are further improved.
Fixing the cleaned magnesium-lithium alloy substrate on a working platform; and installing welding wires required in the additive manufacturing process on a wire feeding mechanism, and filling argon into a sealed cavity for the electric arc additive manufacturing equipment until the air concentration is lower than 1ppm during manufacturing. Writing a scanning path program in the additive manufacturing process, and moving a welding gun to a position 10mm away from a substrate to ensure stable arcing; the method comprises the steps of performing magnesium-lithium alloy additive manufacturing on a prepared wire by adopting a tungsten inert gas shielded arc welding process (GTAW/TIG; as shown in figure 1, placing a substrate in an argon environment, positioning a welding gun at the upper part of the substrate, forming a 30-degree angle between the wire feeding of a wire feeder and the substrate, and melting a welding wire through an electric arc to form a deposition layer on the substrate), performing magnesium-lithium alloy arc additive manufacturing on the prepared wire on 6 layers which are just deposited under the conditions that the current is 140A, the wire feeding speed is 2000mm/min, the welding speed is 200mm/s, and the ratio of the welding speed to the wire feeding speed is 6, and performing electric arc melting deposition on the magnesium-lithium alloy substrate on the magnesium-lithium alloy wire. Subsequently, additive manufacturing was performed at a current of 120A.
And after the electric arc additive manufacturing is finished, carrying out solution heat treatment on the additive manufacturing sample, wherein the solution temperature is 350 ℃, and the time is 3h.
Under these conditions, sampling tests were carried out on the additive manufacturing samples, and it was found that the grains in the samples were significantly refined, with a grain size of about 20 μm. The room temperature mechanical properties are as follows: yield strength: 240MPa, tensile strength: 300MPa, elongation: 15 percent.
Example 2
The welding wire comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 6wt.% Li, 2wt.% Al, 2wt.% Zn, 0.5wt.% Gd and the balance magnesium.
Preparing pure Mg, pure Li, pure Al, pure Zn and Mg-Gd intermediate alloy according to the proportion of each component of the magnesium-lithium alloy welding wire, carrying out smelting casting in a vacuum medium-frequency induction smelting furnace, and processing a cast ingot into the magnesium-lithium alloy welding wire
The cylindrical ingot of (1); preheating the die to 260 deg.C in advance, and extruding the obtained cylindrical ingot at 260 deg.C
And (3) preparing a wire material. The surface of the wire is treated, so that the wire passes through a sizing mill at a constant speed, the oxide on the surface of the wire is removed by a mechanical mode under the condition of a small reducing rate, and the size precision and the roundness of the wire are further improved.
Fixing the cleaned magnesium-lithium alloy substrate on a working platform; and installing welding wires required in the additive manufacturing process on a wire feeding mechanism, and filling argon into a sealed cavity for the electric arc additive manufacturing equipment until the air concentration is lower than 1ppm during manufacturing. Writing a scanning path program in the additive manufacturing process, and moving a welding gun to a position 10mm away from a substrate to ensure stable arcing; the method comprises the steps of adopting a tungsten inert gas shielded welding process (GTAW/TIG; as shown in figure 1, placing a substrate in an argon environment, positioning a welding gun at the upper part of the substrate, enabling a wire feeder to feed wires to form 45 degrees with the substrate, and enabling welding wires to be melted by electric arcs to form a deposition layer on the substrate), carrying out magnesium-lithium alloy electric arc additive manufacturing on the prepared wires in 5 layers which are just deposited under the conditions that the current is 170A, the wire feeding speed is 2400mm/min, the welding speed is 160mm/s, and the ratio of the welding speed to the wire feeding speed is 4, and depositing the magnesium-lithium alloy wires on the magnesium-lithium alloy substrate through electric arc melting. Subsequently, additive manufacturing was performed at a current of 150A.
And after the electric arc additive manufacturing is finished, carrying out solution heat treatment on the additive manufacturing sample, wherein the solution temperature is 320 ℃, and the time is 6h.
Under these conditions, sampling tests were carried out on the additive manufacturing samples, and it was found that the grains in the samples were significantly refined, with a grain size of about 24 μm. The room temperature mechanical properties are as follows: yield strength: 255MPa, tensile strength: 310MPa, elongation: 13 percent.
Example 3
The welding wire comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 10wt.% Li, 3wt.% Al, 1wt.% Zn, 0.5wt.% Er, 0.2Yb and the balance magnesium.
Preparing pure Mg, pure Li, pure Al, pure Zn, mg-Er intermediate alloy and Mg-Yb intermediate alloy according to the proportion of each component of the magnesium-lithium alloy welding wire, carrying out smelting casting in a vacuum medium-frequency induction smelting furnace, and processing cast ingots into ingots
The cylindrical ingot of (1); preheating the die to 260 deg.C in advance, and extruding the obtained cylindrical ingot at 260 deg.C
A wire. The surface of the wire is treated, so that the wire passes through a sizing mill at a constant speed, the oxide on the surface of the wire is removed by a mechanical mode under the condition of a small reducing rate, and the size precision and the roundness of the wire are further improved.
Fixing the cleaned magnesium-lithium alloy substrate on a working platform; and installing welding wires required in the additive manufacturing process on a wire feeding mechanism, and filling argon into a sealed cavity for the electric arc additive manufacturing equipment until the air concentration is lower than 1ppm during manufacturing. Writing a scanning path program in the additive manufacturing process, and moving a welding gun to a position 10mm away from a substrate to ensure stable arcing; the method comprises the steps of performing magnesium-lithium alloy additive manufacturing on a prepared wire material by adopting a tungsten inert gas arc welding process (GTAW/TIG; as shown in figure 1, placing a substrate in an argon environment, positioning a welding gun at the upper part of the substrate, forming a 30-degree angle between the wire feeding of a wire feeder and the substrate, and melting a welding wire through an electric arc to form a deposition layer on the substrate), performing magnesium-lithium alloy arc additive manufacturing on the prepared wire material on 7 layers which are just deposited under the conditions that the current is 120A, the wire feeding speed is 1800mm/min, the welding speed is 240mm/s, and the ratio of the welding speed to the wire feeding speed is 8, and performing electric arc melting deposition on the magnesium-lithium alloy substrate through the magnesium-lithium alloy wire material. Subsequently, additive manufacturing was performed at a current of 100A.
And after the electric arc additive manufacturing is finished, carrying out solution heat treatment on the additive manufacturing sample, wherein the solution temperature is 330 ℃, and the time is 4h.
Under these conditions, sampling tests were carried out on the additive manufacturing samples, and it was found that the grains in the samples were significantly refined, with a grain size of about 16 μm. The room temperature mechanical properties are as follows: yield strength: 270MPa, tensile strength: 330MPa, elongation: 14 percent.
Comparative example 1
The alloy composition of this comparative example was the same as that of the wire of example 1, except that: the magnesium-lithium alloy is produced and prepared according to the national standard conventional casting method, and the solid solution state magnesium-lithium alloy is obtained by carrying out solid solution treatment on the as-cast state magnesium-lithium alloy, wherein the solid solution temperature is 350 ℃ and the time is 4 hours.
After all the processes are finished, the yield strength of the cast magnesium-lithium alloy is 120MPa, the tensile strength is 160MPa, and the elongation is 35%; the yield strength of the solid-solution magnesium-lithium alloy is 180MPa, the tensile strength is 255MPa, and the elongation is 15%. The technical scheme of the invention greatly improves the strength of the magnesium-lithium alloy and has good plasticity.
Comparative example 2
The wire composition and arc additive manufacturing process of this comparative example was substantially the same as example 1, except that: the arc additive manufacturing of the magnesium-lithium alloy workpiece in this comparative example did not undergo solution heat treatment.
After all the processes are finished, performing performance test on the magnesium-lithium alloy workpiece manufactured by the electric arc additive manufacturing, wherein the room-temperature mechanical property of the magnesium-lithium alloy workpiece manufactured by the additive manufacturing method is as follows: yield strength: 200MPa, tensile strength: 260MPa, elongation: 22 percent.
Comparative example 3
The wire composition and arc additive manufacturing process of this comparative example was substantially the same as example 2, except that: the process parameter current for arc additive manufacturing of magnesium-lithium alloy in this comparative example was 200A, and the current was 220A for the 5 layers that just started to be deposited.
The magnesium-lithium alloy electric arc additive manufacturing carried out by the method discovers that in the additive manufacturing process, because the current is overlarge, the heat input is overhigh, the spreading of a molten pool is too wide, the production efficiency is reduced, and the error of the size of the molten pool and the preset shape is larger; in addition, after all processes are finished, component detection on the magnesium-lithium workpiece manufactured by the additive manufacturing process shows that the burning loss of lithium element is serious and the deviation from the alloy component of the wire material is large.
Comparative example 4
The wire composition and arc additive manufacturing process of this comparative example was substantially the same as example 3, except that: the process parameter current for arc additive manufacturing of magnesium-lithium alloy in this comparative example was 50A, and the current was 70A for the first 7 deposited layers.
When the magnesium-lithium alloy electric arc additive manufacturing is carried out by the method, the current is not matched with the wire feeding speed and the welding speed, the formed deposition layer is discontinuous, and the preset workpiece shape cannot be formed. In the process of electric arc additive manufacturing, because the current is too small, the heat input is too low, and therefore wires cannot be melted in time for deposition.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (10)
1. The magnesium-lithium alloy electric arc additive manufacturing welding wire is characterized by comprising the following elements in percentage by mass: 6-14 wt.% of Li, 1-5 wt.% of Al, 1-5 wt.% of Zn, 0.2-3 wt.% of RE and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurities, wherein the rare earth elements comprise one or more of Yb, gd, dy, er, tb, ho and Y.
2. The preparation method of the magnesium-lithium alloy arc additive manufacturing welding wire according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing raw materials according to the composition proportion of each chemical element of a magnesium-lithium alloy welding wire with Li 6-14 wt.%, al 1-5 wt.%, zn 1-5 wt.%, RE 0.2-3 wt.% and the balance of Mg for smelting and casting;
s2: processing the ingot prepared in the step S1 into a cylindrical ingot and preserving heat;
s3: extruding the cylindrical ingot prepared in the step S2 to obtain a wire material;
s4: and (4) performing surface treatment on the wire material in the step (S3) to obtain the magnesium-lithium alloy welding wire for electric arc additive manufacturing, so as to be used for subsequent additive manufacturing.
3. The preparation method of the magnesium-lithium alloy arc additive manufacturing welding wire according to claim 2, wherein the raw materials in the step S1 comprise pure Mg, pure Li, pure Al, pure Zn and Mg-RE intermediate alloy.
4. The preparation method of the magnesium-lithium alloy arc additive manufacturing welding wire according to the claim 2, wherein the extrusion die is preheated to 250-260 ℃ in advance in the step S3.
5. An additive manufacturing method for a magnesium-lithium alloy electric arc additive manufacturing wire material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a1, fixing a magnesium-lithium alloy substrate, installing the welding wire of claim 1, and performing additive manufacturing in an inert gas atmosphere;
a2, compiling a scanning path program in the additive manufacturing process, and moving a welding gun to a position 10-15 mm away from a substrate to ensure stable arcing; melting and depositing the magnesium-lithium alloy wire on a magnesium-lithium alloy substrate through electric arc, and finishing additive manufacturing of a preset workpiece shape to obtain an additive manufacturing workpiece;
and A3, carrying out solution heat treatment on the additive manufacturing workpiece.
6. The magnesium-lithium alloy electric arc additive manufacturing method of wire according to claim 5, wherein in the step A1, the angle between the welding wire and the substrate is 30-45 °.
7. The additive manufacturing method for the magnesium-lithium alloy arc additive manufacturing wire material according to claim 5, wherein in the step A2, the additive manufacturing of the magnesium-lithium alloy is performed by adopting a tungsten inert gas welding process.
8. The additive manufacturing method of magnesium-lithium alloy electric arc additive manufacturing wire material according to claim 5, wherein in the step A2, the predetermined process parameters of the additive manufacturing are as follows: the current is 60A-180A, the wire feeding speed is 1000-3000 mm/min, and the welding speed is 100-300 mm/s.
9. The magnesium-lithium alloy electric arc additive manufacturing wire material according to the claim 8, wherein in the step A2, the additive manufacturing is performed on 5-7 layers which are deposited at the beginning under the condition that the current is 15-25A higher than the current of the preset process parameter.
10. The additive manufacturing method of magnesium-lithium alloy electric arc additive manufacturing wire material according to claim 5, wherein in the step A3, the temperature of the solution heat treatment is 300-400 ℃, and the holding time is 2-24 h.
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