CN109126852A - The preparation method of orderly classifying porous graphite phase carbon nitride catalysis material - Google Patents
The preparation method of orderly classifying porous graphite phase carbon nitride catalysis material Download PDFInfo
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- CN109126852A CN109126852A CN201811002459.XA CN201811002459A CN109126852A CN 109126852 A CN109126852 A CN 109126852A CN 201811002459 A CN201811002459 A CN 201811002459A CN 109126852 A CN109126852 A CN 109126852A
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalonitrile Chemical compound N#CC#N JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002077 nanosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanamide Chemical compound NC#N XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[N] Chemical compound [C].[N] CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003486 chemical etching Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- KVBCYCWRDBDGBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;dihydrofluoride Chemical compound [NH4+].F.[F-] KVBCYCWRDBDGBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001338 self-assembly Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- -1 hydrogen ammonium salt Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 7
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000349 field-emission scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000006303 photolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002336 sorption--desorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IYHLUGVVUPPBEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-3-ethenyl-1,2-dihydroimidazol-1-ium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[NH+]1CN(C=C)C=C1 IYHLUGVVUPPBEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RBTBFTRPCNLSDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3N=C21 RBTBFTRPCNLSDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000790917 Dioxys <bee> Species 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002415 Pluronic P-123 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910003978 SiClx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032900 absorption of visible light Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002048 anodisation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- BNWPUUZJGBXAFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane oxalonitrile Chemical compound N.N#CC#N BNWPUUZJGBXAFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDDQLRUQCUTJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-O azanium;hydrofluoride Chemical compound [NH4+].F LDDQLRUQCUTJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960000935 dehydrated alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyandiamide Chemical compound NC(N)=NC#N QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052571 earthenware Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004756 ethanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000445 field-emission scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000703 high-speed centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960000907 methylthioninium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000886 photobiology Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/24—Nitrogen compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8668—Removing organic compounds not provided for in B01D53/8603 - B01D53/8665
-
- B01J35/39—
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B21/00—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
- C01B21/06—Binary compounds of nitrogen with metals, with silicon, or with boron, or with carbon, i.e. nitrides; Compounds of nitrogen with more than one metal, silicon or boron
- C01B21/0605—Binary compounds of nitrogen with carbon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
- B01D2257/702—Hydrocarbons
- B01D2257/7027—Aromatic hydrocarbons
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
- B01D2259/80—Employing electric, magnetic, electromagnetic or wave energy, or particle radiation
- B01D2259/802—Visible light
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
- Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
- Y02C20/30—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of perfluorocarbons [PFC], hydrofluorocarbons [HFC] or sulfur hexafluoride [SF6]
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation methods of orderly classifying porous graphite phase carbon nitride catalysis material.This method is using certain size silica nanosphere as template, cyanamide is presoma, it is acted on by the space confinement of template, at high temperature after polymerization forming, the etchings such as perfluorinated hydrogen ammonium salt solution or hydrofluoric acid remove silica template to obtain porous graphite phase carbon nitride catalysis material.Products therefrom has macropore, mesoporous hierarchical structure, duct queueing discipline.Macropore size uniformity, size is adjustable in 50nm~200nm, and mesopore size is 10nm~20nm, mesoporous to be uniformly distributed in macropore hole wall.Orderly classifying porous graphite phase carbon nitride is 200nm~800nm to the effective uptake region of sunlight for this.Preparation process of the present invention is simple, low for equipment requirements, strong operability, and the graphite phase carbon nitride material of preparation has widened the absorption region to solar spectrum, has excellent gas-phase photocatalysis performance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparations of graphite-phase nitride semiconductor catalysis material, especially a kind of to have macropore, mesoporous point
The preparation method of the graphite phase carbon nitride catalysis material of grade ordered structure.
Background technique
The long-run development of the global energy shortage crisis and environmental security face human society that get worse constitutes tight
It threatens again, national governments and scientist are just attempting to look for a kind of economical and efficient and environmentally protective method is as solving the above problems
Effective way.Wherein, economical, renewable with it based on the photocatalysis technology of semiconductor, cleaning and it is safe the features such as and have
Immeasurable superiority.Photocatalysis technology is only needed using inexhaustible sunlight as driving force, and suitable semiconductor is made
It can be achieved with a variety of different purposes such as light degradation, photodissociation aquatic products hydrogen, organic synthesis for photochemical catalyst.
Graphite phase carbon nitride is commonly called as g-C3N4, as a kind of conductor photocatalysis material emerging in recent years, in pollutant
Degradation, CO2The fields such as reduction, the synthesis of photodissociation aquatic products hydrogen, organic catalysis and sterilizing have a wide range of applications.Graphite-phase nitrogen
Change the layer structure that carbon has similar graphite, it is unique that there is contained nitrogen lone electron pair and electron delocalization effect to make it have
Electronic structure, band gap width (2.7eV) is moderate, visible light can be absorbed, thermal stability and chemical stability are good, and nothing
Poison, raw material sources are abundant, and graphite phase carbon nitride is made to become the hot spot of current semiconductor material research field.But in graphite-phase nitrogen
In the application process for changing carbon catalysis material, still there are for example electron-hole it is compound it is too fast, quantum efficiency is low, specific surface
A series of disadvantages such as product is not big enough, visible light-responded range is relatively narrow, largely limit its practical application effect.
Result of study shows the microscopic appearance by regulating and controlling catalyst, realizes nanometer such as single-layered, cavernous structure design
Change and be modified, the performance of material can be improved to a certain extent.For example, quantum confined effect can change the electronics of nano material
With hole transport performance, electronic band structure can also move therewith, therefore material nanoization can be adjusted to a certain extent
Save its forbidden bandwidth.In addition, the nano material with porous structure possesses its surface more because of its biggish specific surface area
Reactivity site, and then improve material catalytic performance；Meanwhile cellular structure abundant can effectively intensified response object and production
The diffusion of object molecule reduces resistance to mass tranfer.Markus Antonietti and Arne Thomas et al. is 12nm using size
Nano SiO 2 particle as hard template, melting cyanogen ammonia is presoma, is synthesized by high temperature polymerization and chemical attack
Meso-hole structure graphite phase carbon nitride, specific surface area have reached 141m2/ g, mesoporous pore size 12nm (Chemical
communications,2006,43:4530).Chen et al. is hard template using cube ordered mesoporous silica dioxide (SBA-15)
Order mesoporous graphite phase carbon nitride is synthesized, BET specific surface area has reached 239m2/ g, average mesopore aperture are 5.3nm
(Chemical Communications,2012,48:3430).Hern á ndez-Uresti etc. is made using Pluronic P123
The mesoporous graphite phase carbon nitride of melamine-derived, specific surface area 90m are prepared for template2/ g, light abstraction width reach
500nm (Journal of Photochemistry&Photobiology A Chemistry, 2016,324:47).Jing
Xu etc. decomposes dicyandiamide and induced synthesis porous structure graphite-phase using the bubble that thiocarbamide in heat treatment process or urea generate
Carbonitride, specific surface area 46.4m2/ g is 3.0 × 10 to concentration-5The degradation kinetics coefficient of M methylene blue solution
0.146h is reached-1(Langmuir,2013,29:10566).Shuo Zhao etc. utilizes 1- vinyl -3- butyl imidazole bromide
As template, synthesize hollow mesoporous graphite phase carbon nitride material, specific surface area can reach 84m2/ g, it is seen that under light
Catalysis hydrogen generation efficiency reaches 157 μm of ol/h-1(Carbon,2018,126:247).Jinhua Ye etc. is prepared using Two-step anodization
Porous graphite phase carbon nitride nanometer sheet out, and utilize the SnO of Sb doping2Nanoparticle is modified, and photocatalysis is applied to
Carbon dioxide reduction, specific surface area can reach 56.11m2/g(Applied Catalysis B:Environmental,
2018,221:670).Since graphite phase carbon nitride itself belongs to layer structure, the particularity in microstructure makes it difficult to pass through
Other methods construct ordered porous structural.Currently, template is still to prepare porous structure graphite phase carbon nitride mainly to use
One of method.Wherein, hard template stability with higher and good space confinement effect, compared with soft template, accurate
Pore radiuses and distribution, the pattern etc. for regulating and controlling nano material have significant advantage.It is micro- using silica, organic polymer
Ball etc. as hard template come synthesize porous graphite phase carbon nitride, it can be achieved that pore distribution orderly uniform aperture size is adjustable, also
Graded structure can be constructed using various sizes of template, advanced optimize its cellular structure and photocatalysis performance.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation methods of orderly classifying porous graphite phase carbon nitride catalysis material, should
Method and process is simple, graphite phase carbon nitride of the graphite phase carbon nitride material compared to traditional layer structure obtained, specific surface
Product is promoted obviously, is widened to the response range of sunlight, photocatalysis performance effectively improves.
To achieve the above object, the technical scheme is that orderly classifying porous graphite phase carbon nitride catalysis material
Preparation method, which is characterized in that using silica nanosphere and carbon nitrogen source presoma as raw material, be based on self assembly principle, first
After curing process and high temperature polymerization, goes removing template to obtain orderly classifying porous graphite phase carbon nitride light using chemical etching and urge
Change material.
According to the above scheme, the silica nanosphere is using improvedHydrolyze method is with water, ethyl alcohol, ammonium hydroxide, just
White solid powder made from tetraethyl orthosilicate, gained silica nanosphere size uniformity, monodispersity is good, and size is in 20nm
It is adjustable in~200nm.
According to the above scheme, carbon nitrogen source presoma used is the aqueous solution of 20wt%~50wt% cyanamide, controls titanium dioxide
The mass ratio of silicon nanosphere and carbon nitrogen source presoma is (1.5~2.5): 1.
According to the above scheme, the curing process is by silica nanosphere and carbon nitrogen source presoma by being sufficiently mixed
Afterwards, 1~2h is handled under the conditions of 50~75 DEG C.
According to the above scheme, the high temperature polymerization step are as follows: by sample in air atmosphere with 1.0 DEG C~2.5 DEG C/min's
Rate is warming up to 500 DEG C~580 DEG C, keeps the temperature 3~4h.
According to the above scheme, the etching agent that the chemical etching uses is 5wt%~10wt% ammonium acid fluoride or hydrofluoric acid
Solution, etch period be 12~for 24 hours, repeat etching 2~3 times.
There is orderly classifying porous graphite phase carbon nitride catalysis material obtained by the present invention macropore, mesoporous classification to tie
Structure, duct queueing discipline.Macropore size uniformity, size is adjustable in 50nm~200nm, and mesopore size is mesoporous in 10nm~20nm
It is uniformly distributed in macropore hole wall.This orderly classifying porous graphite phase carbon nitride to the effective uptake region of sunlight be 200nm~
800nm。
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
(1) graphite phase carbon nitride catalysis material prepared by the present invention, the graded porous structure, higher with ordered arrangement
Specific surface area and Kong Rong, can promote heterogeneous mass transfer in catalytic process, be conducive to carrier and quickly and efficiently transmit, delay
Photo-generated carrier it is compound, be conducive to effective diffusion of product；
(2) present invention prepares orderly classifying porous graphite phase carbon nitride catalysis material, synthesis technology using hard template method
Simply, low for equipment requirements, raw material is easy to get, and operability is good, for high efficiency photocatalyst preparation provide feasible thinking with
Means are conducive to the application for pushing photocatalysis technology in contamination control field.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is block in orderly classifying porous graphite phase carbon nitride catalysis material prepared by embodiment 1 and comparative example
The XRD spectrum of body graphite phase carbon nitride；
Fig. 2 is the FESEM (a) and TEM of orderly classifying porous graphite phase carbon nitride catalysis material prepared by embodiment 1
(b) image；
Fig. 3 is that embodiment 1, the orderly classifying porous graphite phase carbon nitride catalysis material of the preparation of embodiment 3 and comparison are real
Apply the nitrogen adsorption isotherm figure of block graphite phase carbon nitride in example；
Fig. 4 is block in orderly classifying porous graphite phase carbon nitride catalysis material prepared by embodiment 1 and comparative example
The graph of pore diameter distribution of body graphite phase carbon nitride；
Fig. 5 is block in orderly classifying porous graphite phase carbon nitride catalysis material prepared by embodiment 1 and comparative example
The UV-Vis DRS abosrption spectrogram of body graphite phase carbon nitride and P25；
Fig. 6 is that embodiment 1, the orderly classifying porous graphite phase carbon nitride catalysis material of the preparation of embodiment 3 and comparison are real
Apply the conversion rate curve figure of block graphite phase carbon nitride gas-phase photocatalysis degradation benzene process product carbon dioxide in example.
Specific embodiment
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, to this
Invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that described herein, specific examples are only used to explain the present invention, and does not have to
It is of the invention in limiting.
In following example 1-5, the silica nanosphere partial size of selection can be 50nm, 100nm and 200nm.Dioxy
SiClx nanosphere preparation method includes: at room temperature, deionized water, dehydrated alcohol, tetraethyl orthosilicate to be pressed 20mL:100mL:
The volume ratio of 2mL is added in beaker, is stirred mixing with the rate of 500r/min；After stirring 5min, 1mL ammonia is added dropwise
Water keeps the rate of 500r/min persistently to stir 10h, obtains blue and white or milky dispersion liquid, solid content are about
0.2wt%；By dispersion liquid after high speed centrifugation and washing, it is placed in 80 DEG C of air dry ovens that drying to constant weight obtains white solid
Powder.It is prepared to obtain silica nanosphere partial size about 50nm, and size uniformity, monodispersity are good.In above-mentioned preparation process
In, the dosage for successively adjusting ammonium hydroxide is 2mL, 5mL, can respectively obtain the silica nanosphere that partial size is 100nm, 200nm.
Embodiment 1:
An embodiment in orderly classifying porous graphite phase carbon nitride catalysis material preparation method, including walk as follows
It is rapid:
The cyanamide for taking above-mentioned silica nanosphere that 5g partial size is 200nm to be 50wt% with 5mL mass concentration is water-soluble
For liquid (effective cyanamide solid content is 3.2g) in beaker, 500r/min, which stirs 30min, at room temperature makes its mixing；By above-mentioned mixing
Object is transferred in 70 DEG C of baking ovens and carries out solidification 2h, is filled into presoma cyanamide between silica nanosphere in liquid form
In gap, while most of liquid solvent that volatilizees.Then it is transferred into alumina crucible, is cooled to room temperature to it while hot
Afterwards, it covers crucible cover and is placed in Muffle furnace and be heat-treated, heat treatment condition is in air atmosphere with the rate of 2.3 DEG C/min
550 DEG C are warming up to, 4h is kept the temperature.It is cooled to room temperature after heat treatment to above-mentioned sample, is transferred to from crucible and to prepare in advance
It performs etching in the ammonium hydrogen fluoride solution that 250mL mass fraction is 10wt% to remove silica, this process does not need to carry out
Any stirring, etch period are for 24 hours, to be repeated 2 times.It is described for obtaining yellow powder product after filtration washing is dry later
Orderly classifying porous graphite phase carbon nitride catalysis material.
Fig. 1 show the XRD spectrum of embodiment 1 and comparative example, and the two belongs in the diffraction maximum of 13.0 ° and 27.5 °
(100) and (002) diffraction surfaces of graphite phase carbon nitride.
Fig. 2 show the FESEM image of the orderly classifying porous graphite phase carbon nitride catalysis material of the preparation of embodiment 1
(a) and TEM image (b).Sample with diameter about 200nm macropore and 10nm~20nm it is mesoporous.
Embodiment 2:
Referring to embodiment 1, except that: the silica nanosphere partial size of selection is 100nm, is then used and implementation
Identical condition mixing, solidification, heat treatment and etching, obtain yellow powder product after filtration washing is dry later in example 1
The as described orderly classifying porous graphite phase carbon nitride catalysis material.
Embodiment 3:
Referring to embodiment 1, except that: the silica nanosphere partial size of selection is 50nm, is then used and implementation
Identical condition mixing, solidification, heat treatment and etching, obtain yellow powder product after filtration washing is dry later in example 1
The as described orderly classifying porous graphite phase carbon nitride catalysis material.
Fig. 3 is nitrogen adsorption-desorption isothermal curve of embodiment 1, embodiment 3 and comparative example.As can be seen that comparing
In comparative example, embodiment 1 and embodiment 3 have higher adsorbance in middle pressure to higher-pressure region, illustrate 1 He of embodiment
There are macropores abundant and mesoporous in embodiment 3.This structure can provide more effecting reaction activity for light-catalyzed reaction
Site promotes carrier quickly and efficiently to transmit, delays the compound of photo-generated carrier, and be conducive to effective diffusion of product.
Embodiment 4:
Referring to embodiment 1, except that: select 200nm silica nanosphere 5g and 50wt% cyanamide solution 3mL
(effective cyanamide solid content is 1.9g) carries out, and is then mixed, is solidified using condition in the same manner as in Example 1, at heat
Reason and etching, obtaining yellow powder product after filtration washing is dry later is the orderly classifying porous graphite-phase nitridation
Carbon catalysis material.
Embodiment 5:
Referring to embodiment 1, except that: it is finally in air atmosphere with 2.3 DEG C/min to the heat treatment condition of material
Rate be warming up to 580 DEG C, keep the temperature 4h.In other steps such as template size selection, both ratio, mixing, solidification,
All identical with embodiment 1 with etching condition, it is described orderly for obtaining yellow powder product after filtration washing is dry later
Classifying porous graphite phase carbon nitride catalysis material.
Comparative example:
One comparison embodiment of orderly classifying porous graphite phase carbon nitride catalysis material preparation method, preparation step
It is similar to Example 1, the difference is that: directly taking 5mL mass concentration is that the cyanamide aqueous solution of 50wt% is set in beaker
Solidification 2h is carried out in 70 DEG C of baking ovens, is then transferred into alumina crucible while hot, after it is cooled to room temperature, covers earthenware
Crucible lid, which is placed in Muffle furnace, to be heat-treated, and heat treatment condition is to be warming up to 550 in air atmosphere with the rate of 2.3 DEG C/min
DEG C, heat preservation 4h obtains yellow block graphite phase carbon nitride material.
Fig. 4 is the pore size distribution curve of embodiment 1 and comparative example, can be shown that in embodiment 1 there is a large amount of be situated between in figure
Hole, most probable pore size and total pore volume are respectively 10.3nm and 0.24cm3/ g, the significantly larger than 2.6nm of comparative example and
0.037cm3/g.In conjunction with the FESEM and TEM image of Fig. 3 adsorption isothermal curve and Fig. 2, show that embodiment 1 is a kind of macropore-Jie
The orderly hierarchical structure that hole coexists.
Fig. 5 is the UV-vis DRS absorption spectrum of embodiment 1 and comparative example and commercial catalyst P25, phase
Than in traditional commerce catalyst P25 material, graphite phase carbon nitride has higher absorption in visible region, and ABSORPTION EDGE is entirely located in
Visible region (wavelength >=450nm), widening for light abstraction width significantly more efficient can utilize sunlight.1 phase of embodiment simultaneously
Than in comparative example, absorption region is also wider, and optical band gap is smaller, conducive to the absorption of visible light and point of carrier
From.
Fig. 6 is that catalytic degradation concentration is 1.5mg/L gas-phase benzene under visible light for embodiment 1, embodiment 3 and comparative example
When product carbon dioxide conversion rate curve.Compared with comparative example, embodiment 1 and embodiment 3 show higher degradation
Benzene ability, final conversion ratio can reach 75.0% and 84.1% after 2h, higher than the 70.0% of comparative example.This and Fig. 3 and Fig. 4
Middle N2The conclusion obtained in adsorption desorption analysis is consistent.
The bound value for each raw material that invention is related to, interval value can realize the present invention, and technological parameter of the invention is (such as
Temperature, time etc.) lower limit value and interval value can realize the present invention, embodiment numerous to list herein.
Claims (6)
1. the preparation method of orderly classifying porous graphite phase carbon nitride catalysis material, which is characterized in that with silica nanometer
Ball and carbon nitrogen source presoma are raw material, are based on self assembly principle, after successively cured processing and high temperature polymerization, using chemical etching
Removing template is gone to obtain orderly classifying porous graphite phase carbon nitride catalysis material.
2. the preparation method of orderly classifying porous graphite phase carbon nitride catalysis material according to claim 1, feature exist
In the silica nanosphere is using improvedHydrolyze method is made with water, ethyl alcohol, ammonium hydroxide, tetraethyl orthosilicate
White solid powder, gained silica nanosphere size uniformity, monodispersity is good, and size is adjustable in 20nm~200nm.
3. the preparation method of orderly classifying porous graphite phase carbon nitride catalysis material according to claim 1, feature exist
In carbon nitrogen source presoma used is the aqueous solution of 20wt%~50wt% cyanamide, controls silica nanosphere and carbon nitrogen source
The mass ratio of presoma is (1.5~2.5): 1.
4. the preparation method of orderly classifying porous graphite phase carbon nitride catalysis material according to claim 1, feature exist
In, the curing process be by silica nanosphere and carbon nitrogen source presoma after fully mixed, in 50~75 DEG C of conditions
1~2h of lower processing.
5. the preparation method of orderly classifying porous graphite phase carbon nitride catalysis material according to claim 1, feature exist
In the high temperature polymerization step are as follows: by sample in air atmosphere with the rate of 1.0 DEG C~2.5 DEG C/min be warming up to 500 DEG C~
580 DEG C, keep the temperature 3~4h.
6. the preparation method of orderly classifying porous graphite phase carbon nitride catalysis material according to claim 1, feature exist
In the etching agent that the chemical etching uses is 5wt%~10wt% ammonium acid fluoride or hydrofluoric acid solution, etch period 12
~for 24 hours, repeat etching 2~3 times.
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| CN114471653B (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2024-03-26 | 山东华夏神舟新材料有限公司 | Catalyst for preparing 1, 1-difluoroethylene by catalytic pyrolysis of chlorodifluoroethane and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115888784A (en) * | 2022-10-18 | 2023-04-04 | 廊坊师范学院 | Carbon nitride photocatalyst with wide spectral response and preparation method thereof |
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