CN109119502B - 一种具有电磁屏蔽功能的光伏组件 - Google Patents
一种具有电磁屏蔽功能的光伏组件 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种具有电磁屏蔽功能的光伏组件,包括背板、下EVA胶膜、太阳能电池、上EVA胶膜、玻璃盖板,所述背板靠近太阳能电池的一侧涂覆有电磁屏蔽涂层,所述玻璃盖板为红外反射隔热玻璃,所述电磁屏蔽涂层由电磁屏蔽涂料涂覆干燥制得,该光伏组件可有效屏蔽背部的电磁辐射,运行稳定性高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及光伏技术领域,尤其涉及一种具有电磁屏蔽功能的光伏组件。
背景技术
太阳能电池须将若干单体电池串、并联连接以及严密封装成组件才能作为电源使用,光伏组件是太阳能发电***中的核心部分,太阳能电池工作时产生较大的工作电流,与之连接的逆变器和电网,工作在工频至几百千赫兹频率范围,因而不可避免地产生静态和交变电磁辐射,影响光伏组件设备运行和人身健康。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种具有电磁屏蔽功能的光伏组件,以解决上述提出问题。
本发明的实施例中提供了一种具有电磁屏蔽功能的光伏组件,包括背板、下EVA胶膜、太阳能电池、上EVA胶膜、玻璃盖板,所述背板靠近太阳能电池的一侧涂覆有电磁屏蔽涂层,所述玻璃盖板为红外反射隔热玻璃,所述电磁屏蔽涂层由电磁屏蔽涂料涂覆干燥制得,所述电磁屏蔽涂料由表面改性MXene、环氧树脂、乙酸乙酯、硅烷偶联剂、有机膨润土混合制得;
优选地,所述电磁屏蔽涂料中表面改性MXene、环氧树脂、乙酸乙酯、硅烷偶联剂、有机膨润土的质量比例为(150-200):100:(30-50):1:3;
优选地,所述表面改性MXene包括MXene载体和负载层,负载层包括氧化锌相、碳相和二氧化钛相;
优选地,所述MXene载体为烧结碳化钛铝经含锂离子的氢氟酸溶液刻蚀得到;所述碳相和二氧化钛相由MXene载体经二氧化碳高温氧化得到;所述氧化锌相由MXene载体经锌离子负载、水合联氨还原、二氧化碳高温氧化得到;
优选地,所述含锂离子的氢氟酸溶液为溶有氟化锂的浓盐酸溶液,氟化锂浓度为0.05g/ml;
优选地,所述烧结碳化钛铝由钛、铝、碳化钛按质量比5:3:20经高温烧结制得;
优选地,所述二氧化碳高温氧化的过程温度为850℃,保温时间60min,二氧化碳流量150ml/min。
本发明的实施例提供的技术方案可以包括以下有益效果:
在光伏组件背板涂覆电磁屏蔽层,可有效屏蔽背部的电磁辐射;红外反射隔热玻璃做玻璃盖板可有效降低太阳能电池的工作环境温度,保持电磁屏蔽层的屏蔽效果,提供运行稳定性;通过对MXene表面微观结构改性设计,提供了更大的表界面,降低堆叠和尺寸效应造成的接触电阻,增强导电性,增加了电磁波的传播路径,促进其衰减,提高阻抗匹配,拓宽有效吸收频带,提高电磁吸收性能。
本发明附加的方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出,部分将从下面的描述中变得明显,或通过本发明的实践了解到。应当理解的是,以上的一般描述和后文的细节描述仅是示例性和解释性的,并不能限制本发明。
附图说明
利用附图对本发明作进一步说明,但附图中的实施例不构成对本发明的任何限制,对于本领域的普通技术人员,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据以下附图获得其它的附图。
图1是本发明光伏组件的结构示意图。
附图说明:1-太阳能电池;2-玻璃盖板;3-上EVA胶膜;4-下EVA胶膜;5-背板;6-电磁屏蔽层。
具体实施方式
这里将详细地对示例性实施例进行说明,其示例表示在附图中。下面的描述涉及附图时,除非另有表示,不同附图中的相同数字表示相同或相似的要素。以下示例性实施例中所描述的实施方式并不代表与本发明相一致的所有实施方式。相反,它们仅是与如所附权利要求书中所详述的、本发明的一些方面相一致的装置和方法的例子。
电磁辐射又叫电子烟雾,是能量以电磁波形式发射到空间的现象,电子信息产业的快速发展,极大地促进了无线通信设备和高频电子器件的普及,也造成了日益严重的电磁干扰和电磁污染,不仅对电子元件的正常工作造成干扰,还会对人体造成潜在的健康危害,电磁波辐射被列为继水源、大气、噪声之后的第四大污染源,长期过量的电磁辐射会对人体生殖、神经和免疫***等造成伤害。
电磁屏蔽材料可以在一定程度上吸收和反射电子设备发出的电磁波,人们开发了多种电磁屏蔽材料以消除电磁污染,传统的电磁屏蔽材料多使用铜、铝等金属制造,高密度和大体积限制了其在可移动设备、可穿戴电子产品及人体防护等多个领域的应用,其它如将镍钴金属纤维覆于生物炭纤维的石蜡基复合材料、碳化硅海绵、石墨烯-聚二甲基硅氧烷复合海绵,存在密度大,使用厚度宽的缺点,因此,发展轻便、高韧性和可加工性强的电磁屏蔽材料与产品将具有重要的研究意义和实际应用价值。
MXene是一种具有类石墨烯结构的二维新型材料,其特殊的类金属特性及层状结构,使其在电磁屏蔽领域有潜在应用,但其吸波性能并不理想,这与材料跟电磁波的相互作用机制以及阻抗匹配能力有关,开发轻质、宽吸收带宽、高吸收率的MXene类材料,需对其进行微观结构设计表面改性以提升材料吸波性能。
本发明的实施例涉及一种具有电磁屏蔽功能的光伏组件,包括背板、下EVA胶膜、太阳能电池、上EVA胶膜、玻璃盖板,所述背板靠近太阳能电池的一侧涂覆有电磁屏蔽涂层,所述玻璃盖板为红外反射隔热玻璃,所述电磁屏蔽涂层由电磁屏蔽涂料涂覆干燥制得,所述电磁屏蔽涂料由表面改性MXene、环氧树脂、乙酸乙酯、硅烷偶联剂、有机膨润土混合制得;
优选地,所述电磁屏蔽涂料中表面改性MXene、环氧树脂、乙酸乙酯、硅烷偶联剂、有机膨润土的质量比例为(150-200):100:(30-50):1:3;
优选地,所述表面改性MXene包括MXene载体和负载层,负载层包括氧化锌相、碳相和二氧化钛相;
优选地,所述MXene载体为烧结碳化钛铝经含锂离子的氢氟酸溶液刻蚀得到;所述碳相和二氧化钛相由MXene载体经二氧化碳高温氧化得到;所述氧化锌相由MXene载体经锌离子负载、水合联氨还原、二氧化碳高温氧化得到;
以二氧化碳为氧化剂并控制氧化条件,保持MXene载体的片层结构的同时部分氧化,在其表面生成碳相及二氧化钛相,提高导电率与阻抗匹配,本征缺陷增加偶极极化;刻蚀得到的MXene载体表面带有富电子基团,易与锌金属离子以静电或络合的形式结合,减少基团位置,增强导电,再将其还原为金属负载在MXene载体表面,氧化锌是一种直接带隙宽禁带半导体,具有低的介电常数,可与二氧化钛相、碳相、MXene载体形成多个类鱼鳞的异质界面,表现出高的介电损耗,阻碍电子在结构中的有效迁移,在电磁波的作用下,材料表面激发出的大量电荷在界面异质结处聚集,形成空间电荷极性区,对电子迁移形成散射效应,产生介电偶极相互作用与相关的弛豫效应,耗散电磁波,其性能优于单相的MXene载体或各成分的简单混合;
优选地,所述含锂离子的氢氟酸溶液为溶有氟化锂的浓盐酸溶液,氟化锂浓度为0.05g/ml;
优选地,所述烧结碳化钛铝由钛、铝、碳化钛按质量比5:3:20经高温烧结制得;
优选地,所述二氧化碳高温氧化的过程温度为850℃,保温时间60min,二氧化碳流量150ml/min。
下面进一步例举实施例以详细说明本发明。同样应理解,以下实施例只用于对本发明进行进一步说明,不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制,本领域的技术人员根据本发明的上述内容作出的一些非本质的改进和调整均属于本发明的保护范围。下述示例具体的工艺参数等也仅是合适范围中的一个示例,即本领域技术人员可以通过本文的说明做合适的范围内选择,而并非要限定于下文示例的具体数值。
实施例1
本实施例中,一种具有电磁屏蔽功能的光伏组件,包括背板、下EVA胶膜、太阳能电池、上EVA胶膜、玻璃盖板,所述背板靠近太阳能电池的一侧涂覆有电磁屏蔽涂层,所述玻璃盖板为红外反射隔热玻璃,所述电磁屏蔽涂层由电磁屏蔽涂料涂覆干燥制得,所述电磁屏蔽涂料的制备包括以下步骤:
S1、碳化钛铝制备
按照质量比5:3:20的比例分别称取钛粉、铝粉、碳化钛粉末并混合,将混合粉末在酒精中分散,用球磨机球磨24h后,烘干样品,压入石墨模具,在氩气保护气氛下,升温至1400℃,保持温度煅烧2h,待自然冷却至室温后得到碳化钛铝烧结块,经粉碎、研磨、过筛,得到粒径小于500目的碳化钛铝粉末;
S2、MXene载体制备
在PTFE材质容器中加入氟化锂1g,缓慢加入20ml 10mol/L的氯化氢溶液,搅拌30min,控制温度在50℃以下,分多次地缓慢地将1g碳化钛铝粉末加入上述溶液,添加完毕后35℃保温72h,每6h摇动一次,反应结束后,重复离心、洗涤至洗涤液呈中性,干燥沉淀;
S3、载锌MXene制备
在100ml去离子水中加入2g S2步骤所得沉淀,超声破碎处理2min,超声功率270W,超声时间:停止时间为1s:2s,然后加入无水ZnCl20.86g,CTAB 0.36g,搅拌溶解,NH4OH调节溶液pH至10,搅拌30min,得到悬浮液A,50ml去离子水中加入CTAB 0.18g,水合联氨5g,得到溶液B,将溶液B缓慢加入到悬浮液A中,搅动2h,用无水乙醇和蒸馏水交替进行多次洗涤,50℃烘干;
S4、二氧化碳高温氧化
称取0.2g S3步骤所得样品,在氩气保护气氛下,升温至600℃,保温45min,温度升至750℃,保温15min,气氛切换为二氧化碳气体,气体流量为150ml/min,保温60min,气氛切换为氩气,自冷至室温后,得到氧化产物;
S5、S4步骤氧化产物与环氧树脂、乙酸乙酯、硅烷偶联剂、有机膨润土以质量比例200:100:50:1:3混合,制得电磁屏蔽涂料。
实施例2
本实施例中,一种具有电磁屏蔽功能的光伏组件,包括背板、下EVA胶膜、太阳能电池、上EVA胶膜、玻璃盖板,所述背板靠近太阳能电池的一侧涂覆有电磁屏蔽涂层,所述玻璃盖板为红外反射隔热玻璃,所述电磁屏蔽涂层由电磁屏蔽涂料涂覆干燥制得,所述电磁屏蔽涂料的制备包括以下步骤:
S1、碳化钛铝制备
按照质量比5:3:20的比例分别称取钛粉、铝粉、碳化钛粉末并混合,将混合粉末在酒精中分散,用球磨机球磨24h后,烘干样品,压入石墨模具,在氩气保护气氛下,升温至1400℃,保持温度煅烧2h,待自然冷却至室温后得到碳化钛铝烧结块,经粉碎、研磨、过筛,得到粒径小于500目的碳化钛铝粉末;
S2、MXene载体制备
在PTFE材质容器中加入氟化锂1g,缓慢加入20ml 10mol/L的氯化氢溶液,搅拌30min,控制温度在50℃以下,分多次地缓慢地将1g碳化钛铝粉末加入上述溶液,添加完毕后35℃保温72h,每6h摇动一次,反应结束后,重复离心、洗涤至洗涤液呈中性,干燥沉淀;
S3、载锌MXene制备
在100ml去离子水中加入2g S2步骤所得沉淀,超声破碎处理2min,超声功率270W,超声时间:停止时间为1s:2s,然后加入无水ZnCl20.86g,CTAB 0.36g,搅拌溶解,NH4OH调节溶液pH至10,搅拌30min,得到悬浮液A,50ml去离子水中加入CTAB 0.18g,水合联氨5g,得到溶液B,将溶液B缓慢加入到悬浮液A中,搅动2h,用无水乙醇和蒸馏水交替进行多次洗涤,50℃烘干;
S4、二氧化碳高温氧化
称取0.2g S3步骤所得样品,在氩气保护气氛下,升温至600℃,保温45min,温度升至750℃,保温15min,气氛切换为二氧化碳气体,气体流量为150ml/min,保温60min,气氛切换为氩气,自冷至室温后,得到氧化产物;
S5、S4步骤氧化产物与环氧树脂、乙酸乙酯、硅烷偶联剂、有机膨润土以质量比例150:100:30:1:3混合,制得电磁屏蔽涂料。
对比例1
步骤S2所得产物与环氧树脂、乙酸乙酯、硅烷偶联剂、有机膨润土以质量比例200:100:50:1:3混合,制得涂料。
实验测试:
采用SJ50524-1995标准中的材料屏蔽效能的测试方法在100×103—1.5×109kHz的频率范围内对实施例所述的电磁屏蔽涂料制备的电磁屏蔽膜的电磁屏蔽性能进行测试,采用综合物性测量***对实施例所述的电磁屏蔽涂料制备的电磁屏蔽膜的电导率进行测试,测试结果如表1。
表1实施例测试结果
电导率(S/cm) | 屏蔽性能(dB) | |
实施例1 | 18 | 48-55 |
实施例2 | 15 | 28-34 |
对比例1 | 2 | 10-15 |
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳方式,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (1)
1.一种具有电磁屏蔽功能的光伏组件,其特征在于,包括背板、下EVA胶膜、太阳能电池、上EVA胶膜、玻璃盖板,所述背板靠近太阳能电池的一侧涂覆有电磁屏蔽涂层,所述玻璃盖板为红外反射隔热玻璃,所述电磁屏蔽涂层由电磁屏蔽涂料涂覆干燥制得,所述电磁屏蔽涂料由表面改性MXene、环氧树脂、乙酸乙酯、硅烷偶联剂、有机膨润土混合制得,质量比例为(150-200):100:(30-50):1:3,所述表面改性MXene包括MXene载体和负载层,负载层包括氧化锌相、碳相和二氧化钛相,所述MXene载体为烧结碳化钛铝经含锂离子的氢氟酸溶液刻蚀得到,所述烧结碳化钛铝由钛、铝、碳化钛按质量比5:3:20经高温烧结制得,所述含锂离子的氢氟酸溶液为溶有氟化锂的浓盐酸溶液,氟化锂浓度为0.05g/mL;所述碳相和二氧化钛相由MXene载体经二氧化碳高温氧化得到;所述氧化锌相由MXene载体经锌离子负载、水合联氨还原、二氧化碳高温氧化得到;
所述表面改性MXene的制备方法为:
S1、在100ml去离子水中加入2g经含锂离子的氢氟酸溶液刻蚀得到的MXene载体,超声破碎处理2min,超声功率270W,超声时间:停止时间为1s:2s,然后加入无水ZnCl2 0.86g,CTAB 0.36g,搅拌溶解,NH4OH调节溶液pH至10,搅拌30min,得到悬浮液A,50ml去离子水中加入CTAB 0.18g,水合联氨5g,得到溶液B,将溶液B缓慢加入到悬浮液A中,搅动2h,用无水乙醇和蒸馏水交替进行多次洗涤,50℃烘干;
S2、称取0.2g S1步骤所得样品,在氩气保护气氛下,升温至600℃,保温45min,温度升至750或850℃,保温15min,气氛切换为二氧化碳气体,气体流量为150ml/min,保温60min,气氛切换为氩气,自冷至室温后,得到氧化产物。
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