CN109117588B - Method for determining top elevation of corridor at lock water delivery valve section - Google Patents

Method for determining top elevation of corridor at lock water delivery valve section Download PDF

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CN109117588B
CN109117588B CN201811053400.3A CN201811053400A CN109117588B CN 109117588 B CN109117588 B CN 109117588B CN 201811053400 A CN201811053400 A CN 201811053400A CN 109117588 B CN109117588 B CN 109117588B
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water
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CN109117588A (en
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胡亚安
李中华
薛淑
严秀俊
刘本芹
李君�
郭超
王新
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Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute of National Energy Administration Ministry of Transport Ministry of Water Resources
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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for determining the top elevation of a corridor of a ship lock water delivery valve section, in particular to a method for determining the reasonable top elevation of a ship lock water delivery corridor through relevant parameters such as a working water head of a ship lock, the scale of a lock chamber, water delivery time, cavitation number of a water delivery valve and the like, and belongs to the field of navigation hydraulics. It comprises eight steps. The invention comprehensively considers the relevant factors of the ship lock working water head, the scale of the lock chamber, the ship lock operation efficiency and the like, and the method can provide a basis for ship lock design, avoid the cavitation of the ship lock water delivery valve, prevent the air bag formed by the air release and the air inlet of the downstream access door well from flowing out of the lock chamber, generate adverse effect on the mooring condition of the ship and ensure the safe and efficient operation of the ship lock; the excavation amount of the project is reduced, and the project investment is saved.

Description

Method for determining top elevation of corridor at lock water delivery valve section
Technical Field
The invention discloses a method for determining the top elevation of a corridor at a lock water delivery valve section, in particular to a method for determining the reasonable top elevation of a lock water delivery corridor through relevant parameters such as a working water head of a lock, the scale of a lock chamber, water delivery time, cavitation number of a water delivery valve and the like, and belongs to the field of navigation hydraulics.
Background
The ship lock water delivery system is a main facility for filling and draining water during the operation of a ship lock, comprises a water inlet, a valve section, a water delivery gallery, a water outlet, an energy dissipater and the like, and is an important component in ship lock engineering. The design of the water delivery system is crucial, and the passing capacity of the ship lock and the safety of the ship, the ship lock and the auxiliary structures of the ship are directly affected by the arrangement quality of the water delivery system.
The hydraulic design of the ship lock water delivery system should meet the following requirements: (1) the water delivery system of the ship lock is required to ensure that water filling or draining is finished within the designed water delivery time, so that the passing capacity requirement of the ship lock is met. (2) When water is filled and drained in a specified time, better water flow conditions of a lock chamber and a navigation channel are obtained, and the berthing and navigation safety of the ship passing through the lock is met. (3) When the lock chamber is filled with water and drained, all components of the ship lock cannot be damaged by water flow, such as scouring of the bottom of the lock chamber and the bottom of the navigation channel, cavitation erosion and vibration of a water delivery valve and a corridor, and the like.
The ship lock water delivery gallery top elevation is a very important design parameter of a ship lock water delivery system and is embodied in the following two aspects:
(1) directly influencing cavitation state of water delivery valve
It is well known that the problem of valve cavitation is one of the most critical technical problems in the design of high-head locks. The hazards of valve section cavitation mainly include: the panel of the valve, the lintel and the side wall of the gallery behind the door are damaged by cavitation erosion; when cavitation is serious, great thunder sound and sound vibration phenomena often occur in the gallery; the pressure pulsation of the gallery behind the door and the pulsation of the valve opening force are increased; the vibration of the valve and the opening and closing system is intensified, so that the elements of the hydraulic system are damaged; the pulsation of the valve hinge is increased, which causes the vibration loosening and the damage of the hinge fixing bolt. Generally, we describe the cavitation phenomenon by a dimensionless number, cavitation number σ, which is commonly represented by the following form: :
Figure BDA0001795152830000011
Figure BDA0001795152830000012
wherein Hp、HaAnd HvThe pressure water column height (m) of a reference point P, the atmospheric pressure water column height (m) and the saturated steam pressure water column height (m) of water are respectively; v. ofpThe flow rate (m/s) at reference point P is related to the working head of the valve. HdIs the downstream water level (m), H0And the top elevation (m) of the water delivery gallery of the ship lock is shown, and zeta is the resistance coefficient from the water drain valve to the water outlet.
Definition of σiIs the critical cavitation number of the water flow, and characterizes that the water flow is in a critical cavitation state, sigma/sigmaiRelative cavitation number: sigma/sigmaiWhen the pressure is higher than 1, the valve is free from cavitation; sigma/sigmaiWhen the pressure is less than or equal to 1, cavitation exists in the valve section. The smaller the relative cavitation number, the more intense the cavitation, and figure 2 shows the bottom edge cavitation pattern of the valve at different relative cavitation numbers. Therefore, the relative cavitation number is an important index for measuring the valve cavitation degree.
The height H of the top of the water delivery gallery of the ship lock can be defined by the cavitation number0Is an important parameter influencing the cavitation state of the water delivery valve. Under the premise of unchanging the working water head of the valve, the initial submerging depth of the gallery at the valve is increased by reducing the elevation of the valve section, so that the working cavitation number of the valve can be increased, and the cavitation resistance of the valve section is improved.
(2) In relation to lock chamber water flow conditions
The height of the downstream access door well is also considered for determining the top height of the water delivery valve section gallery, the submerged water depth of the downstream access door well is not less than 1m, otherwise, the downstream access door well is easy to be emptied, and the air at the upper part is sucked into the gallery along the access door well and enters the lock chamber, so that the water flow condition of the lock chamber and the mooring safety of the ship are influenced.
The top elevation of the corridor of the ship lock water delivery valve section is an important parameter for ship lock design, if the top elevation of the corridor of the ship lock water delivery valve section is too high, cavitation and cavitation erosion damage can occur to the valve section, or air is sucked into a downstream access door well to form an air bag to gush out from a lock chamber, and the safety of a ship is seriously threatened; if the top elevation of the water delivery valve section gallery is too low, the excavation amount and the engineering investment are increased, so that the determination of the reasonable top elevation of the water delivery valve section gallery is the key of the design of the ship lock water delivery system.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: aiming at ship locks with different working water heads and scales, the proper valve section gallery elevation is determined according to the adopted anti-cavitation measure, and the design of a ship lock water delivery system is guided.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the method for determining the top elevation of the corridor of the lock water delivery valve section is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: according to the working water head of the ship lock, the cavitation prevention measure of the water delivery valve is preliminarily determined by a graded cavitation prevention technology, and the cavitation prevention technology comprises an active cavitation prevention technology, a passive cavitation prevention technology and an active and passive combined cavitation prevention technology.
Wherein, the active anti-cavitation technology mainly optimizes the shape of the gallery behind the valve (adopting a divergent shape and a sudden-enlargement shape) to improve the pressure behind the valve, quickly open the valve and the like; the passive anti-cavitation technology mainly refers to various ventilation measures such as door lintel ventilation, corridor top ventilation, sill falling ventilation, sill rising ventilation and the like.
Step two: determining the corresponding control standard of the relative cavitation number of the water delivery valve according to the anti-cavitation measure preliminarily determined in the first step: active anti-cavitation technology sigma/sigmaiNot less than 1.0; active and passive combined anti-cavitation technology sigma/sigmaiNot less than 0.5; fully passive protection technique sigma/sigmai≥0.1。
Step three: and (3) calculating the cross-sectional area omega of the gallery at the water delivery valve through a related formula of ship lock water delivery system design specifications according to the ship lock working head, the size of the lock chamber and the design water delivery time.
Figure BDA0001795152830000031
In the formula, omega-cross section area (m) of gallery at water delivery valve2) (ii) a C-calculating the area of the water area (m) of the lock chamber2) (ii) a H-operating head (m); mu.s0The flow system when the valve is fully opened is based on the existing ship lock research result; t-chamber filling time(s); α -coefficient, valve-related coefficient; k is a radical ofv-get kv＝0.7；
Step four: calculating the cross-sectional area omega of the gallery at the water delivery valve and the ship design mooring force, and calculating the cross-sectional area omega of the gallery at the water delivery valve and the opening time t of the water delivery valvev。
Figure BDA0001795152830000032
Figure BDA0001795152830000033
In the formula, kr-a coefficient related to the valve profile; pL-vessel allowable longitudinal forces (kN); w-the displacement (t) of the vessel (fleet); omegac-initial water passing cross-sectional area (m) of the chamber2) (ii) a X-ship immersion cross section area (m)2)；lC-ship converted length (m); lBThe distance (m) from the bow of the ship to the bow of the upper lock; lH-stern from lower gate head distance (m); a ═ lB/lC；b＝lH/lC；
Figure BDA0001795152830000034
Step five: according to Bernoulli equation, establishing unsteady flow equation sets (6) - (9) for water delivery of the ship lock through the water delivery gallery, and solving the equation sets by using an iteration and difference method to obtain a flow process line, a water level process line and the like in the water delivery process of the ship lock;
Figure BDA0001795152830000035
Figure BDA0001795152830000036
Figure BDA0001795152830000037
Figure BDA0001795152830000038
wherein Hu、H、HdRespectively an upstream water level, a chamber water level and a downstream water level (m); zeta1、ζvRespectively is a water delivery gallery resistance coefficient and a valve resistance coefficient; omega is the cross-sectional area (m) of the gallery at the water delivery valve2) (ii) a Q is the water delivery flow (m) of the lock chamber3S); c is the area of the water area of the lock chamber (m)2) (ii) a L is the equivalent length (m) of the gallery; subscripts 1, 2 represent fill and drain, respectively. Obtaining the water level and flow corresponding to each opening degree in the opening process of the water delivery valve;
step six: calculating according to the judgment condition in the step two and the water level and flow condition in the step five to obtain the top elevation of the water delivery gallery meeting the cavitation condition;
Figure BDA0001795152830000041
vp＝Q/ω (11)
step seven: rechecking whether the pressure of the downstream manhole is greater than +1 m;
step eight: and if the pressure of the downstream access door well is greater than +1m, adopting the water delivery gallery top elevation obtained by calculation in the sixth step, and if the pressure of the downstream access door well is not greater than +1m, continuing to reduce the water delivery gallery top elevation until the pressure of the downstream access door well is greater than +1 m.
The invention has the advantages that:
the method can provide a basis for ship lock design, avoid cavitation of the ship lock water delivery valve, prevent the downstream access door well from being degassed and aerated to form an air bag to gush out from the lock chamber, generate adverse effects on the mooring conditions of the ship, and ensure safe and efficient operation of the ship lock.
The control method provided by the invention can ensure safe and efficient operation of the ship lock, reduce the excavation amount of the project to the maximum extent and reduce the project investment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a ship lock valve section water delivery gallery and downstream access door arrangement; wherein, the water delivery valve 1, the post-valve gallery top elevation 2, the downstream water level 3, the downstream access door 4, the downstream access door well elevation 5 and the downstream access door well submerge depth 6.
FIG. 2 Lock Room bilateral opening tvThe characteristic curve of the water filling level of the 7min chamber is shown; water level combination: 190.00-163.00 m, H is the water level of the lock chamber, Q is the flow, n is the opening of the valve, and t is the time;
FIG. 3 double side opening t of lock chamber of ship lockvThe characteristic curve of the water filling flow of the 7min lock chamber is shown; water level combination: 190.00-163.00 m, H is the water level of the lock chamber, Q is the flow, n is the opening of the valve, and t is the time;
FIG. 4 double side opening t of lock chamber of ship lockvThe characteristic curve of 4min water discharge level is shown; water level combination: 190.00-163.00 m, H is the water level of the lock chamber, Q is the flow, n is the opening of the valve, and t is the time;
FIG. 5 Lock Room bilateral opening tvThe 4min water discharge flow characteristic curve is shown schematically; water level combination: 190.00-163.00 m, H is the water level of the lock chamber, Q is the flow, n is the opening of the valve, and t is the time;
FIG. 6 is a schematic technical route of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example one
In a certain project, the gallery top elevation of the extended ship lock is calculated, and the basic design parameters of the extended ship lock are as follows: the maximum cross-lock ship type is a 500 t-class cargo ship, and a 1000 t-class cargo ship is taken into consideration in a long term, and single-line single-stage ship lock arrangement is adopted. The maximum water head of the ship lock is designed to be 27.0m, the effective size of the lock chamber is 215m multiplied by 23m multiplied by 4.0m (length multiplied by width multiplied by threshold water depth), and the designed water delivery time is 16.5 min. The upstream highest navigable water level is 190.00m, and the upstream lowest navigable water level is 186.00 m. Design ship type, fleet size (500t single ship): 67.5 m.times.10.8 m.times.1.6 m (length. times.width. times.design draft);
the method comprises the following steps: according to the working water head of the ship lock, the cavitation prevention measure of the water delivery valve is preliminarily determined through a grading cavitation prevention technology.
The maximum water head of a newly-built lock in Hongjiang is 27.0m, and the downstream water level amplitude is 5.7m, so that the cavitation problem of the water delivery valve cannot be solved by adopting a method of shallow burial depth of the water delivery valve and natural ventilation at the top of a gallery, the water delivery valve can be arranged at a lower elevation only by considering, the occurrence of cavitation behind the door is reduced by depending on the higher pressure behind the valve, and through preliminary analysis, the gallery in the valve section is supposed to adopt a body type of 'top gradual expansion and flat bottom' to increase the pressure behind the door, ensure the safety of the operation of the valve, and the cavitation of the gallery in the valve section is reduced by combining measures of natural ventilation of a lintel, ventilation at the top of the gallery and the like. Namely, an active and passive combined anti-cavitation technology is adopted.
Step two: determining the corresponding control standard of the relative cavitation number of the water delivery valve according to the anti-cavitation measure preliminarily determined in the first step: sigma/sigmai≥0.5。
Step three: according to the working water head of the ship lock, the size of the lock chamber, the designed water delivery time and the ship design mooring force, the cross-sectional area omega of the gallery at the water delivery valve and the opening time t of the water delivery valve are calculated by a calculation formula of ship lock water delivery system design specificationsv。
And (3) building a ship lock for the Hongjiang: c9 × 12+50 × (12+23)/2+180 × 23 5123m2H27.0 m, T16.5 min 990s, d 0.3m, μ 0.7, α 0.46, and kvWhen the ratio is 0.5-0.6, then:
Figure BDA0001795152830000051
considering the size of water delivery valve as omega 2 × 3.0m × 4.0m (width × height) 24.0m2。
Step four to step five: according to the gravity similarity criterion, 1: and (4) establishing a physical model by using a 25 model scale, and measuring a water level change process line, a flow change process line, ship mooring force and the like of the lock chamber of the water filling and draining valve at different opening times. Through comparison of various schemes, the recommended opening time of the water filling and draining valves is 7min and 4min respectively, the corresponding filling and draining time and the mooring rope force of the lock chamber meet the design requirements, and water conveying process lines are shown in figures 3, 4, 5 and 6, so that the flow and the water level corresponding to each opening degree are obtained.
Step six to eight: and (4) calculating according to the judgment condition in the step two and the water level and flow condition in the step five to obtain the water delivery gallery top elevation meeting the cavitation condition of 150.5m, namely the valve section gallery burial depth is 12.5m, and the submerged depth of the downstream access door well is more than 1 m.
The invention can also have other embodiments, as long as the method for raising the top elevation of the corridor of the water delivery valve section of the ship lock according to the cavitation condition of the water delivery valve and the submerging depth of the downstream access door well is within the protection scope required by the invention.

Claims (2)

1. The method for determining the top elevation of the corridor of the lock water delivery valve section is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preliminarily determining anti-cavitation measures of the water delivery valve by a graded anti-cavitation technology according to the working water head of the ship lock, wherein the anti-cavitation measures comprise an active anti-cavitation technology, a passive anti-cavitation technology and an active and passive combined anti-cavitation technology;
step two: determining the corresponding control standard of the relative cavitation number of the water delivery valve according to the anti-cavitation measure preliminarily determined in the first step: active anti-cavitation technology sigma/sigmaiNot less than 1.0; active and passive combined anti-cavitation technology sigma/sigmaiNot less than 0.5; fully passive protection technique sigma/sigmaiNot less than 0.1; sigma is the cavitation number of water flow, sigmaiIs the critical cavitation number of the water flow, and characterizes that the water flow is in a critical cavitation state, sigma/sigmaiIs the relative cavitation number;
step three: according to the working water head of the ship lock, the size of the lock chamber and the design water delivery time, the cross-sectional area omega of the gallery at the water delivery valve is calculated by the following formula of ship lock water delivery system design specifications;
Figure FDA0003012908250000011
in the formula, omega-cross section area of gallery at water delivery valve, m2(ii) a C-calculating the area of the water area of the lock chamber, m2；ΔH——Working head, m; mu.s0The flow system when the valve is fully opened is based on the existing ship lock research result; t-chamber water filling time, s; α -coefficient, valve-related coefficient; k is a radical ofv-get kv＝0.7；
Step four: determining the opening time t of the water delivery valve by adopting the following formula according to the cross-sectional area omega of the gallery at the water delivery valve calculated in the step three and the design standard of the mooring forcev；
Figure FDA0003012908250000012
Figure FDA0003012908250000013
a＝lB/lC
b＝lH/lC
Figure FDA0003012908250000014
Figure FDA0003012908250000015
Figure FDA0003012908250000016
In the formula, kr-a coefficient related to the valve profile; pL-vessel allowable longitudinal force, kN; w is the displacement of the ship or fleet, T; omegac-the area of the cross section of the initial water passage of the chamber, m2(ii) a X-ship immersion cross section area, m2；lC-ship converted length, m; lBThe distance between the bow and the upper lock bow, m; lH-the distance, m, of the stern from the lower gate;
step five: according to the Bernoulli equation, establishing a non-constant flow equation set of the ship lock for water delivery through the water delivery gallery as the following formula, and solving the equation set by using an iteration and difference method to obtain a flow process line and a water level process line of the ship lock water delivery process; obtaining the water level and flow corresponding to each opening degree in the opening process of the water delivery valve;
Figure FDA0003012908250000021
Figure FDA0003012908250000022
Figure FDA0003012908250000023
Figure FDA0003012908250000024
wherein Hu、H、HdRespectively an upstream water level, a chamber water level and a downstream water level, m; ζ and ζvRespectively is a water delivery gallery resistance coefficient and a valve resistance coefficient; omega is the cross-sectional area of the gallery at the water delivery valve, m2(ii) a Q is the water delivery flow of the lock chamber, m3S; c is the area of the water area of the lock chamber, m2(ii) a L is the converted length of the gallery, m; subscripts 1, 2 represent fill and drain, respectively; obtaining the water level and flow corresponding to each opening degree in the opening process of the water delivery valve;
step six: calculating according to the judgment condition in the step two and the water level and flow condition in the step five to obtain the water delivery gallery top height H meeting the cavitation condition0；
Figure FDA0003012908250000025
vp＝Q/ω
vp-the flow rate at point p;
step seven: rechecking whether the pressure of the downstream manhole is greater than +1 m;
step eight: and if the pressure of the downstream access door well is greater than +1m, adopting the water delivery gallery top elevation obtained by calculation in the sixth step, and if the pressure of the downstream access door well is not greater than +1m, continuing to reduce the water delivery gallery top elevation until the pressure of the downstream access door well is greater than +1 m.
2. The method for determining the ceiling elevation of the corridor of the lock water delivery valve section according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the fifth step is that a flow process line and a water level process line of the ship lock water conveying process are obtained through a ship lock water conveying system physical model test; and obtaining the water level and the flow corresponding to each opening degree in the opening process of the water delivery valve.
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CN111896220A (en) * 2020-07-09 2020-11-06 长江三峡通航管理局 Ship lock hydraulics prototype observation method
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CN112883237B (en) * 2021-01-14 2022-08-16 长江水利委员会长江科学院 Method for improving operation efficiency of side water-draining ship lock by using inertia super-drop of water delivery system
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