CN109115491A - A kind of evidence fusion method of Electrical Propulsion Ship shafting propulsion system mechanical fault diagnosis - Google Patents
A kind of evidence fusion method of Electrical Propulsion Ship shafting propulsion system mechanical fault diagnosis Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of evidence fusion methods of Electrical Propulsion Ship shafting propulsion system mechanical fault diagnosis.This method obtains the frequency domain character signal of the positions such as different faults mode bottom base and bracket first;The reference value that input feature vector is determined by K mean algorithm calculates the similarity distribution of sample;The cultellation statistical form of relationship between construction reflection input and fault mode, and it is converted to the evidence matrix table of input;The classification capacity and totality uncertainty of input information source are calculated based on rough set theory and comentropy;Determine the reliability and evidence weight of input information source;The evidence of input sample vector activation is merged using evidential reasoning rule and determines fault mode according to fusion results.Shafting propulsion system mechanical breakdown mode can be effectively estimated by the vibration signal that the sensor being mounted on ship obtains in this method, and at low cost, precision is high, realizes the real-time detection and Precise Diagnosis of Electrical Propulsion Ship shafting propulsion system mechanical breakdown.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of evidence fusion methods of Electrical Propulsion Ship shafting propulsion system mechanical fault diagnosis, belong to
Marine mechanical equipment condition monitoring and fault diagnosis technical field.
Background technique
Electrical Propulsion Ship shafting propulsion system mechanical equipment is equipment particularly important in marine system, is responsible for transmission boat
Motoricity, working condition are mutually linked up with concerning shipping safety, and with economic benefit.The work of marine shafting propulsion system mechanical equipment
Make that environment is more severe, accelerates the decline of equipment performance.The failure of equipment often causes a series of chain reactions, finally leads
Cause systematic entirety that can decline, even equipment collapse and systemic breakdown, therefore to Electrical Propulsion Ship shafting propulsion system machine
Tool fault diagnosis research be very it is necessary to it is significant.
Through investigating, domestic inspection and repair of ship technology also rests on the stage of periodic inspection at present, in maintenance process not only
There are serious wasting of resources phenomenons, and there are some potential safety problemss.To guarantee equipment reliability service, production safety is ensured
Property and economy, accurately judging to unit exception and malfunction is particularly important.Condition monitoring and fault diagnosis
The use of technology can make service engineer monitor the operation irregularity of marine shafting propulsion system mechanical equipment, discovery danger in time
And the failure of equipment safety operation, and necessary history run data is provided to the periodic maintenance of equipment, this is for reducing equipment
Maintenance cost and promote its working efficiency and safety play the role of it is vital.System is promoted for modernization marine shafting
System mechanical equipment can arrange the vibration signal of intensive vibrating sensor acquisition equipment in its each key position, from these
The fault characteristic information extracted in vibration signal can reflect the various failures of equipment.Two problems are faced at this time, first is that needing
A kind of simple and easy mode in engineering is found, the fault signature monitoring data of magnanimity are analyzed and processed, so that it is mentioned
The diagnostic evidence of confession is objective credible;Second is that how to realize the synthesis of fault characteristic information.Usually provided using single sensor
Characteristic information cannot consersion unit completely failure, the information for needing multiple sensors to provide merged to promote the essence of diagnosis
Accuracy.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to propose to a kind of evidence fusions of Electrical Propulsion Ship shafting propulsion system mechanical fault diagnosis
Method, by the failure for installing the acquisition of vibration displacement sensor on the pedestal and bracket of Electrical Propulsion Ship shafting propulsion system
Characteristic information determines the reference value of input feature vector first with K mean algorithm, then special from magnanimity failure based on input reference
The likelihood reliability that each failure occurs is counted in sign data and obtains diagnostic evidence, recycles rough set theory and information entropy theory assessment
The objective reliability and uncertainty of evidence, then the reliability factor and weight of conclusion evidence, are finally advised using evidential reasoning
It then merges the evidence of input sample vector activation and determines fault mode according to fusion results, it is special that the method overcome single source failures
Reference ceases the shortcomings that diagnostic techniques, at low cost, and precision is high, and realizes the real-time detection and Precise Diagnosis of failure.
The evidence fusion method of Electrical Propulsion Ship shafting propulsion system mechanical fault diagnosis proposed by the present invention, including with
Under each step:
(1) Electrical Propulsion Ship shafting propulsion system mechanical breakdown set Θ={ F is set1,…,Fi,…,FN, FiIt represents
I-th of failure in failure collection Θ, i=1,2 ..., N, N are failure number;Setting is mounted on the positions such as pedestal and bracket
Vibration displacement sensor obtain position time domain vibration acceleration signal be { S1(r),…Sm(r),…SM(r) }, motor
With the rotational speed of 150r/min-200r/min, the time domain vibration acceleration signal of 8s is acquired every time, under every kind of fault mode
N times are acquired respectively, then are acquired sum=N*n times altogether, sampling number r=1,2 ..., sum, M are number of probes.
(2) the time domain vibration acceleration signal { S that will be sampled every time in step (1)1(r),…Sm(r),…SM(r) } it carries out
Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is transformed to corresponding frequency-region signal, and the amplitude for then choosing 1 times of fundamental frequency, 2 times of fundamental frequencies and 3 times of fundamental frequencies is made
For fault characteristic signals { x1(r),…xj(r),…xJ(r) }, fault characteristic signals number J=3*M;By { x1(r),…xj
(r),…xJ(r) } it is expressed as sample set U={ [x1(r),…xj(r),…xJ(r)] | r=1,2 ..., sum }, wherein x (r)
=[x1(r),…xj(r),…xJIt (r)] is a sample vector.
(3) utilize K mean algorithm by the input feature vector signal x of each signal source in this sum vector samplej(r) it presses
K aggregate of data { X is divided into according to sequence from small to large1,j,...Xk,j,...,XK,j, the corresponding cluster centre of aggregate of data press from
It is small to being ordered as greatlySet characteristic it is discrete after value set V={ 1 ... t ..., K }, often
One aggregate of data corresponds to a discrete value t in V, all input feature vector signal x inside aggregate of dataj(r) corresponding aggregate of data
Discrete value t, the specific steps are as follows:
(3-1) is in input feature vector signal xjUnder data acquisition system { xj(1),...xj(r),...,xj(sum) } it is selected at random in
Take K dataRespectively as several cluster { X1,j,...Xk,j,...,XK,jCenter.
(3-2) is for remaining data xj(r), its distance d for arriving each center is calculatedk(r), t=1,2 ... K, and
The value is distributed to the number cluster X where nearest centerk,j。
(3-3) recalculates each several cluster centers
Wherein | Xk,j| represent number cluster Xk,jElement number.
(3-4) if each center no longer changes, i.e. clustering criteria function convergence obtains dividing the aggregate of data completed, each
Aggregate of data corresponds to a discrete value in V;Otherwise, step (3-2) and step (3-3) are repeated.
(4) A is setj={ a1,j,a2,j,...ak,j,...,aK+1,j,aK+2,jIt is input feature vector signal xj(r) input ginseng
Value set is examined, { a1,j, aK+2,jIt is respectively input feature vector signal xj(r) minimum value and maximum value, { a2,j,...,aK+1,jIt is step
Suddenly input feature vector signal x in (3)jAccording to the cluster centre arranged from small to large
(5) by each of sum sample vector input feature vector signal xj(r) it encloses corresponding failure mode and becomes two
First sample is to (xj(r),Fi);It is respectively the form about reference value similarity with the variation of qualitative information conversion method, and constructs institute
There is binary sample to the statistical form for carrying out cultellation in the form of similarity, the specific steps are as follows:
(5-1) binary sample is to (xj(r),Fi) input value xj(r) reference value a is matchedk,jSimilarity be distributed as
UT(xj(r))={ (ak,j,vk,j) | j=1 ..., J;K=1 ..., K+2 } (2a)
Wherein
vk',j=0 k'=1 ..., K+2, k' ≠ k, k+1 (2c)
vk,jIndicate input value xj(r) reference value a is matchedk,jSimilarity.
(5-2) according to step (5-1), binary sample is to (xj(r),Fi) form of similarity distribution can be converted into
(vk,j,vk+1,j), wherein vk,jIndicate binary sample to (xj(r),Fi) in input value match reference value ak,j, while end value is Fi
Similarity.
(5-3) according to step (5-1) and (5-2), by all binary samples in sample set U to the shape for being converted into similarity
Formula can construct all binary samples to the statistical form for carrying out cultellation in the form of similarity with them, as shown in table 1 below, wherein
bi,k, indicate all input value xj(r) reference value a is matchedk,jAnd failure mode is FiBinary sample to (xj(r),Fi) similar
The sum of degree,Indicate that all end values are FiBinary sample to the sum of similarity,Indicate all
Input value xj(r) reference value a is matchedk,jBinary sample to the sum of similarity, and have
1 binary sample of table is to (xj(r),Fi) cultellation statistical form
(6) according to the cultellation statistical form in step (5), it can get and work as input value xj(r) reference value a is takenk,jWhen, end value
For FiReliability be
And haveIt then can define and correspond to reference value ak,jEvidence be
Therefore, evidence matrix table as shown in Table 2 can be constructed and carry out description information source input value xj(r) and result FiBetween
Relationship.
Table 2 inputs information source xjEvidence matrix table
(7) objective reliability factor RS is definedjDescription input information source xjThe objective capability for differentiating failure mode, is specifically obtained
Take that steps are as follows:
All samples of (7-1) after step (3) constitute the decision sheet form for rough set processing, such as 3 institute of table
Show, input feature vector signal is conditional attribute at this time, and fault mode is decision attribute.
Decision table of the table 3 after sliding-model control
U | x1 | … | xj | … | xJ | D |
x(1) | t1,1 | … | t1,j | … | t1,J | F1 |
… | … | … | … | … | … | |
x(r) | tr,1 | … | tr,j | … | tr,J | Fi |
… | … | … | … | … | … | … |
x(sum) | tsum,1 | … | tsum,j | … | tsum,J | FN |
Discrete value t in decision tabler,jThe decision attribute of ∈ V, D representative sample.
(7-2) can construct the equivalence relation of decision attribute D according to the decision table after discretization
RD=(x, y) ∈ U × U | D (x)=D (y) } (5)
Known equivalence relation can derive equivalence class [x]D=y ∈ U | (x, y) ∈ RD, finally by fault mode D to sample
The division of this set U are as follows:
U/RD={ [x]D,x∈U} (6)
U/R can be more intuitively expressed asD={ Y1,...,Yi,...,YN, YiIt is the subset of sample set U respectively, and YiIn
Sample decision attribute is all identical;Input information source xjAbout YiUpper approximate and lower aprons be respectively
(7-3) is obtained by step (7-2)Withxj (Yi), input information source x can be calculated by following formulajIt is objective reliable
Sex factor
Wherein
Card () represents set element number.
(8) the reliability R of evidence is definedjDescription input information source xjAssess the ability of failure mode;Define the weight of evidence
WjEvidence e is describedjCompared to the relative importance of other evidences, specific obtaining step is as follows:
(8-1) defines information source xjThe overall uncertainty of reliability is
The objective reliability factor RS that (8-2) is obtained according to step (6)j, the information source x of (8-1) acquisitionjTotality it is not true
Fixed degree can be calculated input information source x by following formulajReliability
(8-3) sets evidence ejWeight WjEqual to corresponding reliability Rj, this is because the higher evidence of reliability ought to
It is corresponding with higher evidence weight, it is clear that according to the actual situation, the weight of evidence can use the optimization method instruction of data-driven
Practice.
(9) any one group of input sample vector x (r)=[x in sample set is given1(r),…xj(r),…xJ(r)], root
The input information source reliability R that the input evidence matrix table and step (8) obtained according to step (6) obtainsjWith evidence weight Wj, can
It is out of order type F using evidential reasoning rule-based reasoningi, the specific steps are as follows:
(9-1) is for input value xj(r), the section [a of certain two reference value composition is necessarily fallen intok,j,ak+1,j], at this time
The corresponding evidence of the two reference valuesWithIt is activated, then input value xj(r) evidence can be by reference value evidenceWith
It is obtained in the form of weighted sum
ej={ (Fi,pi,j), i=1 ..., N } (11a)
(9-2) obtains x using formula (11a) and formula (11b)1(r) and x2(r) evidence e1And e2, pass through evidential reasoning rule
They are merged, obtaining fusion results is
O={ (Fi,pi,e(2)), i=1 ..., N } (12a)
(9-3) using step (9-1) and step (9-2) recursively find out the fusion results of J evidence for O (x (r))=
{(Fi,pi,e(J)), i=1 ..., N }, the maximum p of valuei,e(J)Corresponding FiThe fault type as really occurred.
The evidence fusion method of Electrical Propulsion Ship shafting propulsion system mechanical fault diagnosis proposed by the present invention, according to adopting
The input feature vector signal of collection, the reference value of input feature vector is determined by K mean algorithm;Sample is obtained using qualitative information conversion method
This is to the comprehensive similarity about input and result reference value, and the cultellation for constructing reflection input reference and end value relationship is united
Count table;The corresponding evidence of each reference value is obtained according to the table, constructs evidence matrix table;According to input information source objective classification ability
The objective reliability of input information source is obtained with rough set theory;The totality for obtaining each signal source based on comentropy is uncertain
Degree determines the reliability and evidence weight of input information source;The evidence for obtaining each group of input sample vector of sample set, utilizes card
It it is theorized that rule obtains fusion results, therefrom reasoning obtains marine shafting propulsion system failure mode.It compiles according to the method for the present invention
The program (translation and compiling environment LabView, C++ etc.) of system can be run on monitoring computer, and combination sensor, data collector
Equal hardware form on-line monitoring system, configure on ship, to realize Electrical Propulsion Ship shafting propulsion system mechanical equipment
Real-time state monitoring and fault diagnosis.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow diagram of the method for the present invention;
Fig. 2 is that Electrical Propulsion Ship shafting propulsion system simulated experiment platform data are adopted in the embodiment using the method for the present invention
Collecting system structure chart;
Fig. 3 (a)-Fig. 3 (e) is the K mean value number fasciation of 5 fault signatures in the embodiment of the present invention into result figure.
Specific implementation method
A kind of evidence fusion method of Electrical Propulsion Ship shafting propulsion system mechanical fault diagnosis proposed by the present invention,
Flow diagram is as shown in Figure 1, include following steps:
(1) Electrical Propulsion Ship shafting propulsion system mechanical breakdown set Θ={ F is set1,…,Fi,…,FN, FiIt represents
I-th of failure in failure collection Θ, i=1,2 ..., N, N are failure number;Setting is mounted on the positions such as pedestal and bracket
Vibration displacement sensor obtain position time domain vibration acceleration signal be { S1(r),…Sm(r),…SM(r) }, motor
With the rotational speed of 150r/min-200r/min, the time domain vibration acceleration signal of 8s is acquired every time, under every kind of fault mode
N times are acquired respectively, then are acquired sum=N*n times altogether, sampling number r=1,2 ..., sum, M are number of probes.
(2) the time domain vibration acceleration signal { S that will be sampled every time in step (1)1(r),…Sm(r),…SM(r) } it carries out
Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is transformed to corresponding frequency-region signal, and the amplitude for then choosing 1 times of fundamental frequency, 2 times of fundamental frequencies and 3 times of fundamental frequencies is made
For fault characteristic signals { x1(r),…xj(r),…xJ(r) }, fault characteristic signals number J=3*M;By { x1(r),…xj
(r),…xJ(r) } it is expressed as sample set U={ [x1(r),…xj(r),…xJ(r)] | r=1,2 ..., sum }, wherein x (r)
=[x1(r),…xj(r),…xJIt (r)] is a sample vector.
(3) utilize K mean algorithm by the input feature vector signal x of each signal source in this sum vector samplej(r) it presses
K aggregate of data { X is divided into according to sequence from small to large1,j,...Xk,j,...,XK,j, the corresponding cluster centre of aggregate of data press from
It is small to being ordered as greatlySet characteristic it is discrete after value set V={ 1 ... t ..., K }, often
One aggregate of data corresponds to a discrete value t in V, all input feature vector signal x inside aggregate of dataj(r) corresponding aggregate of data
Discrete value t, the specific steps are as follows:
(3-1) is in input feature vector signal xjUnder data acquisition system { xj(1),...xj(r),...,xj(sum) } it is selected at random in
Take K dataRespectively as several cluster { X1,j,...Xk,j,...,XK,jCenter.
(3-2) is for remaining data xj(r), its distance d for arriving each center is calculatedk(r), t=1,2 ... K, and
The value is distributed to the number cluster X where nearest centerk,j。
(3-3) recalculates each several cluster centers
Wherein | Xk,j| represent number cluster Xk,jElement number.
(3-4) if each center no longer changes, i.e. clustering criteria function convergence obtains dividing the aggregate of data completed, each
Aggregate of data corresponds to a discrete value in V;Otherwise, step (3-2) and step (3-3) are repeated.
(4) A is setj={ a1,j,a2,j,...ak,j,...,aK+1,j,aK+2,jIt is input feature vector signal xj(r) input ginseng
Value set is examined, { a1,j, aK+2,jIt is respectively input feature vector signal xj(r) minimum value and maximum value, { a2,j,...,aK+1,jIt is step
Suddenly input feature vector signal x in (3)jAccording to the cluster centre arranged from small to large
For the ease of the understanding to input reference, illustrate here.It is assumed that being measured respectively under 6 kinds of fault modes
100 sample vectors constitute sum=600 group sample set, share 5 input feature vector signal { x1(r),x2(r),x3(r),x4
(r),x5(r) }, by step (3) K mean algorithm by x1(here with x1For illustrate) 600 input feature vector signal values gather and be
4 aggregates of data, can obtain the corresponding cluster centre of each aggregate of data is { 0.056,0.201,0.2702,0.3426 }, input feature vector
Signal x1(r) minimum value and maximum value is respectively 0.0404 and 0.417, then input feature vector signal x1(r) input reference collection
Close A1={ 0.0404,0.056,0.201,0.2702,0.3426,0.417 }.
(5) by each of sum sample vector input feature vector signal xj(r) it encloses corresponding failure mode and becomes two
First sample is to (xj(r),Fi);It is respectively the form about reference value similarity with the variation of qualitative information conversion method, and constructs institute
There is binary sample to the statistical form for carrying out cultellation in the form of similarity, the specific steps are as follows:
(5-1) binary sample is to (xj(r),Fi) input value xj(r) reference value a is matchedk,jSimilarity be distributed as
UT(xj(r))={ (ak,j,vk,j) | j=1 ..., J;K=1 ..., K+2 } (2a)
Wherein
vk',j=0 k'=1 ..., K+2, k' ≠ k, k+1 (2c)
vk,jIndicate input value xj(r) reference value a is matchedk,jSimilarity.
(5-2) according to step (5-1), binary sample is to (xj(r),Fi) form of similarity distribution can be converted into
(vk,j,vk+1,j), wherein vk,jIndicate binary sample to (xj(r),Fi) in input value match reference value ak,j, while end value is Fi
Similarity.
(5-3) according to step (5-1) and (5-2), by all binary samples in sample set U to the shape for being converted into similarity
Formula can construct all binary samples to the statistical form for carrying out cultellation in the form of similarity with them, as shown in table 1 below, wherein
bi,k,Indicate all input value xj(r) reference value a is matchedk,jAnd failure mode is FiBinary sample to (xj(r),Fi) similar
The sum of degree,Indicate that all end values are FiBinary sample to the sum of similarity,Indicate all
Input value xj(r) reference value a is matchedk,jBinary sample to the sum of similarity, and have
1 binary sample of table is to (xj(r),Fi) cultellation statistical form
In order to deepen to binary sample to (xj(r),Fi) similarity understanding, it is assumed here that a sample vector [(x1
(r),F1)]=[0.0532, F1], the input reference set of step (4) example hypothesis is continued to use, can be obtained by formula (2a)-(2c) defeated
Enter value x1(r) similarity for matching reference value is v1,1=0.18 and v2,1=0.82;And then it can get sample to (x1(r),F1)
Similarity is distributed (v1,1,v2,1)=(0.18,0.82).
Binary sample is to (x in order to facilitate understandingj(r),Fi) cultellation statistical form, continue to use sample set in step (4) with
With reference to value set, all sum=600 binary samples of sample set are obtained to (x according to step (5-1) and (5-2)1(r),Fi)
Similarity distribution, cultellation statistical form can be constructed, as shown in table 4 below
4 binary sample of table is to (x1(r),Fi) cultellation statistical form
(6) according to the cultellation statistical form in step (5), it can get and work as input value xj(r) reference value a is takenk,jWhen, end value
For FiReliability be
And haveIt then can define and correspond to reference value ak,jEvidence be
Therefore, evidence matrix table as shown in Table 2 can be constructed and carry out description information source input value xj(r) and result FiBetween
Relationship;
Table 2 inputs information source xjEvidence matrix table
Continue to continue to use input feature vector signal x in step (5)1Cultellation statistical form deepen to evidence matrix table shown in upper table
Understanding.According to table 4, input value x can be obtained by formula (3) and formula (4)1(r) reference value a is taken2,1Corresponding evidence is when=0.0404
Similarly, the corresponding evidence of other reference values can be sought, then input x can be constructed1Evidence matrix table, such as table
Shown in 5
Table 5 inputs information source x1Evidence matrix table
(7) objective reliability factor RS is definedjDescription input information source xjThe objective capability for differentiating failure mode, is specifically obtained
Take that steps are as follows:
All samples of (7-1) after step (3) constitute the decision sheet form for rough set processing, such as 3 institute of table
Show, input feature vector signal is conditional attribute at this time, and fault mode is decision attribute;
Decision table of the table 3 after sliding-model control
U | x1 | … | xj | … | xJ | D |
x(1) | t1,1 | … | t1,j | … | t1,J | F1 |
… | … | … | … | … | … | |
x(r) | tr,1 | … | tr,j | … | tr,J | Fi |
… | … | … | … | … | … | … |
x(sum) | tsum,1 | … | tsum,j | … | tsum,J | FN |
Discrete value t in decision tabler,jThe decision attribute of ∈ V, D representative sample.
(7-2) can construct the equivalence relation of decision attribute D according to the decision table after discretization
RD=(x, y) ∈ U × U | D (x)=D (y) } (5)
Known equivalence relation can derive equivalence class [x]D=y ∈ U | (x, y) ∈ RD, finally by fault mode D to sample
The division of this set U are as follows:
U/RD={ [x]D,x∈U} (6)
U/R can be more intuitively expressed asD={ Y1,...,Yi,...,YN, YiIt is the subset of sample set U respectively, and YiIn
Sample decision attribute is all identical;Input information source xjAbout YiUpper approximate and lower aprons be respectively
(7-3) is obtained by step (7-2)Withxj (Yi), input information source x can be calculated by following formulajIt is objective reliable
Sex factor
Wherein
Card () represents the element number of set.
(8) the reliability R of evidence is definedjDescription input information source xjAssess the ability of failure mode;Define the weight of evidence
WjEvidence e is describedjCompared to the relative importance of other evidences, specific obtaining step is as follows:
(8-1) defines information source xjThe overall uncertainty of reliability is
The objective reliability factor RS that (8-2) is obtained according to step (6)j, the information source x of (8-1) acquisitionjTotality it is not true
Fixed degree can be calculated input information source x by following formulajReliability:
(8-3) sets evidence ejWeight WjEqual to corresponding reliability Rj, this is because the higher evidence of reliability ought to
It is corresponding with higher evidence weight, it is clear that according to the actual situation, the weight of evidence can use the optimization method instruction of data-driven
Practice.
(9) any one group of input sample vector x (r)=[x in sample set is given1(r),…xj(r),…xJ(r)], root
The input information source reliability R that the input evidence matrix table and step (8) obtained according to step (6) obtainsjWith evidence weight Wj, can
It is out of order type F using evidential reasoning rule-based reasoningi, the specific steps are as follows:
(9-1) is for input value xj(r), the section [a of certain two reference value composition is necessarily fallen intok,j,ak+1,j], at this time
The corresponding evidence of the two reference valuesWithIt is activated, then input value xj(r) evidence can be by reference value evidenceWithWith
The form of weighted sum obtains
ej={ (Fi,pi,j), i=1 ..., N } (11a)
(9-2) obtains x using formula (11a) and formula (11b)1(r) and x2(r) evidence e1And e2, pass through evidential reasoning rule
They are merged, obtaining fusion results is
O={ (Fi,pi,e(2)), i=1 ..., N } (12a)
(9-3) using step (9-1) and step (9-2) recursively find out the fusion results of J evidence for O (x (r))=
{(Fi,pi,e(J)), i=1 ..., N }, the maximum p of valuei,e(J)Corresponding FiThe fault type as really occurred.
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, the embodiment of the method for the present invention is discussed in detail:
The flow chart of the method for the present invention is as shown in Figure 1, core is: acquisition different faults mode bottom base and bracket etc.
The temporal signatures signal of position;The data of acquisition are passed through into Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), acquisition samples corresponding frequency domain character every time;
Input feature vector signal is divided into multiple aggregates of data and determines corresponding several cluster centers and discrete value;It is determined according to several cluster centers defeated
Enter the reference value set of characteristic signal;It calculates the similarity of binary sample pair and constructs the cultellation statistics of all binary samples pair
Table;The evidence matrix table of input information source is constructed according to cultellation statistical form;The visitor of input information source is determined using rough set principle
See reliability;Input information source x is calculated based on comentropyjOverall uncertainty, and determine input information source reliability and
Weight;Finally using the evidence of evidential reasoning rule fusion input sample vector activation and from fusion results reasoning fault mode.
Below in conjunction with the data instance that marine shafting propulsion system simulated experiment platform in Fig. 2 acquires, the present invention is discussed in detail
Each step of method.
1, the acquisition and pretreatment of experimental data
Vibration displacement sensor is placed in acquisition on the pedestal and backing positions of shafting propulsion system simulated experiment platform to turn
Sub- vibration signal is respectively provided with failure " normal " (F1), " rotor unbalance " (four kinds of different degrees of F2,F3,F4,F5), " rotor
Misalign " (F6), then failure collection is Θ={ F1,F2,F3,F4,F5,F6};Motor is with the rotational speed of 180r/min, fundamental frequency 1X
For 3Hz, the time domain vibration acceleration signal of 8s is acquired every time, acquires 210 times, is then acquired altogether respectively under every kind of fault mode
1260 times, 100 groups of total sum=600 group samples are randomly selected from every kind of fault mode as training sample set, remaining sample
Test for inference pattern;The time domain vibration acceleration signal sampled every time carries out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), is transformed to corresponding
Frequency-region signal, when a fault has occurred, the increase situation of frequency and its amplitude that different failures is shown is also different, failure
Vibrational energy mostly concentrate on 1X~3X, so it is special as failure to choose 1 times of fundamental frequency, the amplitude of 2 times of fundamental frequencies and 3 times of fundamental frequencies
Reference number;Here 5 fault characteristic signals { x are chosen1,x2,x3,x4,x5As final input feature vector signal, it can wait until sample
This set U={ [x1(r),x2(r),x3(r),x4(r),x5(r)] | r=1,2 ..., sum }, wherein x (r)=[x1(r),x2
(r),x3(r),x4(r),x5It (r) is a sample vector.
2, multiple aggregates of data are divided into fault signature using K mean value and determine corresponding several cluster centers and discrete value
According to the distribution of characteristic measurements, for each fault signature xjIt is divided into 4 aggregates of data and sets 4 discrete values
Ordinate is added for this 600 groups of input feature vector signals in order to intuitively indicate the number cluster after dividing in V={ 1,2,3,4 }, from
0.01 to 6 are sequentially increased, and Fig. 3 (a)-Fig. 3 (e) illustrates the number cluster after dividing.Input feature vector signal { x1,x2,x3,x4,x5?
Cluster centre be respectively { 0.056,0.201,0.2702,0.3426 }, { 0.0276,0.1513,0.2215,0.2828 },
{ 0.0127,0.0257,0.1247,0.1444 }, { 0.0051,0.0097,0.0144,0.0196 } and 0.031,0.0426,
0.0604,0.0751}。
3, the selection of input feature vector signal reference value
Input feature vector signal x1Input reference set A1=0.0404,0.056,0.201,0.2702,0.3426,
0.417};Input feature vector signal x2Input reference set A2=0.0193,0.0276,0.1513,0.2215,0.2828,
0.333};Input feature vector signal x3Input reference set A3=0.0063,0.0127,0.0257,0.1247,0.1444,
0.1687};Input feature vector signal x4Input reference set A4=0.0032,0.0051,0.0097,0.0144,0.0196,
0.0223};Input feature vector signal x5Input reference set A5=0.0209,0.031,0.0426,0.0604,0.0751,
0.0946}。
4, binary sample is obtained to (xj(r),Fi) similarity form about reference value, binary sample is constructed to (xj(r),
Fi) cultellation statistical form
Using all binary samples in the method for the present invention step (5) acquisition sum=600 group training sample set to (xj
(r),Fi) similarity distribution, construct the cultellation statistical form such as table 1 in the method for the present invention step (5) shown in, input binary sample
To (x1(r),Fi)、(x2(r),Fi)、(x3(r),Fi)、(x4(r),Fi) and (x5(r),Fi) cultellation statistical form respectively such as following table
6, shown in table 7, table 8, table 9 and table 10
6 binary sample of table is to (x1(r),Fi) cultellation statistical form
7 binary sample of table is to (x2(r),Fi) cultellation statistical form
8 binary sample of table is to (x3(r),Fi) cultellation statistical form
9 binary sample of table is to (x4(r),Fi) cultellation statistical form
10 binary sample of table is to (x5(r),Fi) cultellation statistical form
5, step (6) seeks input x according to the method for the present inventionjThe corresponding evidence of each reference value, and construct evidence matrix table
Step (5) obtains each input f according to the method for the present inventioniCultellation statistical form after, according to the step of the method for the present invention
Suddenly (6) obtain input xjThe corresponding evidence of each reference value, and then construct input xjEvidence matrix table, as the following table 11, table 12,
Shown in table 13, table 14 and table 15
Table 11 inputs x1Evidence matrix table
Table 12 inputs x2Evidence matrix table
Table 13 inputs x3Evidence matrix table
Table 14 inputs x4Evidence matrix table
Table 15 inputs x5Evidence matrix table
6, step (7) obtains the objective reliability factor RS for inputting information source according to the method for the present inventionj, detailed process is such as
Under:
All samples after step of the present invention (3) constitute the decision sheet form for rough set processing, such as table 16
Shown, input feature vector signal is conditional attribute at this time, and fault mode is decision attribute;
Decision table of the table 16 after sliding-model control
U | x1 | x2 | x3 | x4 | x5 | D |
x(1) | 3 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 4 | F1 |
x(2) | 3 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 3 | F1 |
x(3) | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | F1 |
… | … | … | … | … | … | … |
x(sum) | tsum,1 | … | tsum,j | … | tsum,J | Fi |
Input information source x can be calculated according to the formula (8a), formula (8b) and formula (8c) of the method for the present invention step (7)1、x2、x3,、
x4And x5Objective reliability factor be respectively
7, step (8) obtains the reliability for inputting information source according to the method for the present invention, and detailed process is as follows:
The formula (9) of step (8) can calculate the overall uncertainty of 5 information source reliabilities and be according to the method for the present invention
So utilizing (10) formula to can be obtained the reliability of input information source is respectively R1=0.9135, R2=0.8953, R3
=0.9360, R4=0.7803 and R5=0.7426.
8, according to the method for the present invention in step (9) reasoning test sample set every group of sample fault mode
Such as sample vector x (r)=[x1(r),x2(r),x3(r),x4(r),x5(r)]=[0.0532,0.034,
0.0139,0.0154,0.046], step (5) can obtain sample input x according to the method for the present invention1(r) with similarity v1,1=
0.18 and v2,1=0.82 activation evidenceWithInput x2(r) with similarity v2,2=0.9486 and v3,2=0.0514 activation card
According toWithInput x3(r) with similarity v2,3=0.9113 and v3,3=0.0887 activation evidenceWithInput x4(r) with phase
Like degree v44=0.8208 and v54=0.1792 activation evidenceWithInput x5(r) with similarity v3,5=0.8099 and v4,5=
0.1901 activation evidenceWith(11) formula of step (9) obtains e according to the method for the present invention1=[0.7844,0.1881,
0.0207,0.006,0,0], e2=[0.5623,0.0923,0.0058,0.0043,0,0.3353], e3=[0.2695,
0.1925,0.0602,0.1741,0.3028,0], e4=[0.2925,0.248,0.0689,0.2121,0.1785,0], e5=
[0.2731,0.1092,0.0485,0.1106,0.2311,0.2275] then utilizes the evidential reasoning of formula step (9) formula (12)
Fusion rule can obtain fusion results are as follows:
O (x (r))={ (F1,0.9245),(F2,0.0471),(F3,0.0023),(F4,0.0077),(F5,0.0131),
(F6, 0.0052) } fault mode can be obtained as F1。
Likewise it is possible to calculate the fault mode of all test samples, and then it can get the diagnosis of test sample set just
The fault diagnosis result of true rate, test sample is as shown in table 17, and really quasi- rate has reached 98.9% to total failare, reaches general diagnostic system
System quasi- rate requirement really.
The fault diagnosis result of 17 test sample of table
Fault mode | F1 | F2 | F3 | F4 | F5 | F6 |
True quasi- rate | 100% | 97.3% | 99.1% | 98.2% | 99.1% | 100% |
Claims (1)
1. a kind of evidence fusion method of Electrical Propulsion Ship shafting propulsion system mechanical fault diagnosis, it is characterised in that this method
The following steps are included:
(1) Electrical Propulsion Ship shafting propulsion system mechanical breakdown set Θ={ F is set1,…,Fi,…,FN, FiRepresenting fault
I-th of failure in set Θ, i=1,2 ..., N, N are failure number;Set the vibration being mounted on pedestal and backing positions
The time domain vibration acceleration signal that displacement sensor obtains position is { S1(r),…Sm(r),…SM(r) }, motor with
The rotational speed of 150r/min-200r/min acquires the time domain vibration acceleration signal of 8s every time, divides under every kind of fault mode
Not Cai Ji n times, then altogether acquire sum=N*n times, sampling number r=1,2 ..., sum, M are number of probes;
(2) the time domain vibration acceleration signal { S that will be sampled every time in step (1)1(r),…Sm(r),…SM(r) } it carries out quick
Fourier transformation is transformed to corresponding frequency-region signal, then chooses the amplitude of 1 times of fundamental frequency, 2 times of fundamental frequencies and 3 times of fundamental frequencies as event
Hinder characteristic signal { x1(r),…xj(r),…xJ(r) }, fault characteristic signals number J=3*M;By { x1(r),…xj(r),…xJ
(r) } it is expressed as sample set U={ [x1(r),…xj(r),…xJ(r)] | r=1,2 ..., sum }, wherein x (r)=[x1
(r),…xj(r),…xJIt (r)] is a sample vector;
(3) utilize K mean algorithm by the input feature vector signal x of each signal source in this sum vector samplej(r) according to from small
K aggregate of data { X is divided into big sequence1,j,...Xk,j,...,XK,j, the corresponding cluster centre of aggregate of data is by from small to large
It is ordered asSet characteristic it is discrete after value set V={ 1 ... t ..., K }, each number
A discrete value t in V is corresponded to according to cluster, all input feature vector signal x inside aggregate of dataj(r) the corresponding aggregate of data is discrete
Value t, the specific steps are as follows:
(3-1) is in input feature vector signal xjUnder data acquisition system { xj(1),...xj(r),...,xj(sum) } K are randomly selected in
DataRespectively as several cluster { X1,j,...Xk,j,...,XK,jCenter;
(3-2) is for remaining data xj(r), its distance d for arriving each center is calculatedk(r), t=1,2 ... K, and should
Value is distributed to the number cluster X where nearest centerk,j;
(3-3) recalculates each several cluster centers
Wherein | Xk,j| represent number cluster Xk,jElement number;
(3-4) if each center no longer changes, i.e. clustering criteria function convergence obtains dividing the aggregate of data completed, each data
Cluster corresponds to a discrete value in V;Otherwise, step (3-2) and step (3-3) are repeated;
(4) A is setj={ a1,j,a2,j,...ak,j,...,aK+1,j,aK+2,jIt is input feature vector signal xj(r) input reference
Set, { a1,j, aK+2,jIt is respectively input feature vector signal xj(r) minimum value and maximum value, { a2,j,...,aK+1,jIt is step
(3) input feature vector signal x injAccording to the cluster centre arranged from small to large
(5) by each of sum sample vector input feature vector signal xj(r) it encloses corresponding failure mode and becomes binary sample
This is to (xj(r),Fi);It is respectively the form about reference value similarity with the variation of qualitative information conversion method, and constructs all two
First sample is to the statistical form for carrying out cultellation in the form of similarity, the specific steps are as follows:
(5-1) binary sample is to (xj(r),Fi) input value xj(r) reference value a is matchedk,jSimilarity be distributed as
UT(xj(r))={ (ak,j,vk,j) | j=1 ..., J;K=1 ..., K+2 } (2a)
Wherein
vk',j=0 k'=1 ..., K+2, k' ≠ k, k+1 (2c)
vk,jIndicate input value xj(r) reference value a is matchedk,jSimilarity;
(5-2) according to step (5-1), binary sample is to (xj(r),Fi) form (v of similarity distribution can be converted intok,j,
vk+1,j), wherein vk,jIndicate binary sample to (xj(r),Fi) in input value match reference value ak,j, while end value is FiPhase
Like degree;
(5-3) according to step (5-1) and (5-2), by all binary samples in sample set U to the form for being converted into similarity,
All binary samples can be constructed to the statistical form for carrying out cultellation in the form of similarity with them, as shown in table 1 below, wherein bi,k,Table
Show all input value xj(r) reference value a is matchedk,jAnd failure mode is FiBinary sample to (xj(r),Fi) similarity
With,Indicate that all end values are FiBinary sample to the sum of similarity,Indicate all inputs
Value xj(r) reference value a is matchedk,jBinary sample to the sum of similarity, and have
1 binary sample of table is to (xj(r),Fi) cultellation statistical form
(6) according to the cultellation statistical form in step (5), it can get and work as input value xj(r) reference value a is takenk,jWhen, end value Fi's
Reliability is
And haveIt then can define and correspond to reference value ak,jEvidence be
Therefore, evidence matrix table as shown in Table 2 can be constructed and carry out description information source input value xj(r) and result FiBetween pass
System;
Table 2 inputs information source xjEvidence matrix table
(7) objective reliability factor RS is definedjDescription input information source xjThe objective capability of failure mode is differentiated, it is specific to obtain step
It is rapid as follows:
All samples of (7-1) after step (3) constitute the decision sheet form for rough set processing, as shown in table 3, this
When input feature vector signal be conditional attribute, fault mode is decision attribute;
Decision table of the table 3 after sliding-model control
Discrete value t in decision tabler,jThe decision attribute of ∈ V, D representative sample;
(7-2) can construct the equivalence relation of decision attribute D according to the decision table after discretization
RD=(x, y) ∈ U × U | D (x)=D (y) } (5)
Known equivalence relation can derive equivalence class [x]D=y ∈ U | (x, y) ∈ RD, finally by fault mode D to sample set
Close the division of U are as follows:
U/RD={ [x]D,x∈U} (6)
More intuitively it is expressed as U/RD={ Y1,...,Yi,...,YN, YiIt is the subset of sample set U respectively, and YiMiddle sample decision
Attribute is all identical;Input information source xjAbout YiUpper approximate and lower aprons be respectively
(7-3) is obtained by step (7-2)Withxj (Yi), input information source x can be calculated by following formulajObjective reliability because
Son
Wherein
Card () represents set element number;
(8) the reliability R of evidence is definedjDescription input information source xjAssess the ability of failure mode;Define the weight W of evidencejIt retouches
State evidence ejCompared to the relative importance of other evidences, specific obtaining step is as follows:
(8-1) defines information source xjThe overall uncertainty of reliability is
The objective reliability factor RS that (8-2) is obtained according to step (6)j, the information source x of (8-1) acquisitionjOverall uncertainty,
Input information source x can be calculated by following formulajReliability
(8-3) sets evidence ejWeight WjEqual to corresponding reliability Rj, this is because the higher evidence of reliability ought to correspond to
There is higher evidence weight, the weight of evidence can use the optimization method training of data-driven;
(9) any one group of input sample vector x (r)=[x in sample set is given1(r),…xj(r),…xJ(r)], according to step
Suddenly the input information source reliability R that the input evidence matrix table and step (8) that (6) obtain obtainjWith evidence weight Wj, available
Evidential reasoning rule-based reasoning is out of order type Fi, the specific steps are as follows:
(9-1) is for input value xj(r), the section [a of certain two reference value composition is necessarily fallen intok,j,ak+1,j], at this time this two
The corresponding evidence of a reference valueWithIt is activated, then input value xj(r) evidence can be by reference value evidenceWithWith weighting
The form of sum obtains
ej={ (Fi,pi,j), i=1 ..., N } (11a)
(9-2) obtains x using formula (11a) and formula (11b)1(r) and x2(r) evidence e1And e2, by evidential reasoning rule to it
Merged, obtaining fusion results is
O={ (Fi,pi,e(2)), i=1 ..., N } (12a)
(9-3) is O (x (r))={ (F using the fusion results that step (9-1) and step (9-2) recursively find out J evidencei,
pi,e(J)), i=1 ..., N }, the maximum p of valuei,e(J)Corresponding FiThe fault type as really occurred.
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