CN109104927A - A kind of corn stalk powder rake total crop return technique - Google Patents

A kind of corn stalk powder rake total crop return technique Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109104927A
CN109104927A CN201810905648.1A CN201810905648A CN109104927A CN 109104927 A CN109104927 A CN 109104927A CN 201810905648 A CN201810905648 A CN 201810905648A CN 109104927 A CN109104927 A CN 109104927A
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China
Prior art keywords
corn
soil
rake
soil level
stalk powder
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CN201810905648.1A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王立春
赵洪祥
蔡红光
边少锋
徐晨
李文
刘文华
庄文君
霍玉才
杜刚
王东英
权永生
方向前
马金宝
谭国波
张丽华
孟祥盟
闫伟平
孙宁
徐长洪
韩喜国
刘志全
窦金刚
于雷
刘春光
任延辉
李素琴
王晓慧
任英
冯士成
方金宇
邹云峰
鞠欣伟
于东海
张佰祥
李海
王保贵
杨波
刘励蔚
张兴华
张小梅
于天欣
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Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Priority to CN201810905648.1A priority Critical patent/CN109104927A/en
Publication of CN109104927A publication Critical patent/CN109104927A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00Methods for working soil
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20Cereals

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)
  • Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention discloses a kind of corn stalk powder rake total crop return technique, including following operating procedure: (1) stalk crushes;(2) site preparation;(3) it rakes the soil level;(4) ridging;(5) it sows;(6) it applies fertilizer.A kind of corn stalk powder provided by the invention harrows total crop return technique, it not only actively promoted the promotion of black soil fertility, ensured the sustainability of agricultural production, simultaneously it is also the effective way for improving maize production liquid manure utilization efficiency, saving grain cost, increasing plantation effect, there is good economic benefits, social benefit and ecological effect.

Description

A kind of corn stalk powder rake total crop return technique
Technical field
The invention belongs to corn stover processing technology fields, and in particular to a kind of corn stalk powder rake total crop return technique.
Background technique
Crop material is the significant by-products of crops, the annual agricultural crop straw yield in China up to as many as 6.2 hundred million tons, wherein Corn stover quantity accounts for 60-70%, and so many crop material, only 20-30% is utilized every year, the main reason is that not having Have and finds an effective utilization ways to stalk.Stalk mainly has a purposes of several respects as a kind of resource: feed, fuel, Fertilizer and part light industry raw material.Since agriculture district aquaculture is undeveloped, feed conversion is less;Raw material of industry utilization is also very limited, adds In recent years as economic rapid growth, the bavin stove in rural area are cancelled substantially, no longer do fuel, the benefit of most of stalk with stalk Using approach is as fertilizer returning to the field, i.e., by after corn straw smashing, the corn stover of crushing is embedded in ground by site preparation after raking the soil level, this To culture fertility, agricultural production sustainable development is promoted to have positive effect.For this effective measures of straw-returning, peasant, which early has, to be recognized Know, but be difficult to popularize in an all-round way, it is important to none simple and easy to do, saving of labor, labour-saving returning to the field method.Especially corn stover, Stalk wall is hard, and plant is higher, and biomass is big, it is difficult to returning to the field.Traditional stack retting decomposition into field method, because time-consuming, arduously, returning to the field effect Rate is low, it is difficult to promote;Returning to the field is mechanically pulverized, operating cost is high, and the enthusiasm that peasant uses is not high;So most of corn stover Cannot utilize returning to the field, and abandoning in the roadside edge of a field, commit to the flames.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a kind of corn stalk powders to harrow total crop return technique.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions.
A kind of corn stalk powder rake total crop return technique, including following operating procedure:
(1) stalk crushes: when this season corn variety is early ripening maize kind, when harvest using cropper to corn stover into Row crushes, and does not need to be crushed with straw counters-field set again before site preparation;When this season corn variety is Mid-late ripening corn variety, harvest Shi Liyong cropper tentatively crushes corn stover, then after carrying out sunning processing to it, using straw counters-field set to stalk It carries out second to crush, smashed corn stover is uniformly shed in field face;
(2) site preparation: carrying out site preparation with combined soil preparing machine, using the loose smooth soil of subsoiling rake teeth, mixed straw and root stubble; The stubble of upper soll layer is cut and arranged using notched disk disk, and the corn stover of control corn stover total amount 25-40% is exposed at Soil surface, remaining corn stover are mixed with soil, depth of soil preparation 40-50cm;
(3) rake the soil level: first being raked the soil level once with heavy duty harrow, then with gently rake the soil level once, when raking the soil level operating direction will with plough at big In 30 ° of acute angle, forbid along rake;Rake the soil level operation when to wear leveller, rake drag combines multiple operation;
(4) ridging: rake the soil level it is smooth after, ridger ridging;
(5) sow: spring in next year carries out corn seeding when 5 centimetres of depth of soils ground temperature is stablized by 8 DEG C;
(6) it applies fertilizer: applying fertilizer to the subsoil when sowing primary, it is primary in corn big bell mouth stage Nitrogen Top Dressing.
Specifically, in above-mentioned steps (1), the time for drying processing is 5-10 days.
Specifically, in above-mentioned steps (3), depth when heavy duty harrow is raked the soil level is 16-18cm, and the depth gently raked the soil level is 8- 10cm。
Specifically, in above-mentioned steps (4), when ridging, furrow depth is 18-25cm, and furrow width is 15-20cm.
Specifically, in above-mentioned steps (6), when applying fertilizer to the subsoil, the dosage of urea is 150-170kg/hm2, phosphorus pentoxide Dosage is 85-95kg/hm2, the dosage of potassium oxide is 85-95kg/hm2, when Nitrogen Top Dressing, the dosage of urea is 75-85kg/ hm2
From the above technical scheme, it can be seen that the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
A kind of corn stalk powder provided by the invention harrows total crop return technique, easy to operate, time saving and energy saving, at low cost, has Effect solves in the prior art, and when maize straw, straw decomposing is slow, the technical issues of being also easy to produce high temperature, cause runt seedling; Soil can be improved, soil fertility is increased, prevents the generation of second stubble crop pest and disease damage.
Specific embodiment
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.Reality used in the examples The condition of applying can be for further adjustments according to the condition of producer, and unaccounted implementation condition is usually conventional laboratory conditions.
For SOIL CARBON AND NITROGEN after straw directly returning to field under corn in Northeast China continuous cropping system than unbalance, nutrients release lag etc. Problem is implemented in the Northeast using method of the invention, and completely new returning total stalks into fields npk nutrient optimization is formed Administrative skill mode.
Embodiment 1
A kind of corn stalk powder rake total crop return technique, including following operating procedure:
(1) stalk crushes: when this season corn variety is early ripening maize kind, the generally dead stalk of early ripening maize kind is mature, plants Strain water content is lower, and when harvest crushes corn stover using cropper, do not needed before site preparation again with straw counters-field set into Row crushes;When this season corn variety is Mid-late ripening corn variety, when harvest, tentatively crushes corn stover using cropper, After carrying out sunning processing to it again 5 days, second is carried out to stalk using straw counters-field set and is crushed, when crushing, to stalk length Without particular/special requirement, smashed corn stover is uniformly shed in field face,
(2) site preparation: carrying out site preparation with combined soil preparing machine, using the loose smooth soil of subsoiling rake teeth, mixed straw and root stubble; The stubble of upper soll layer is cut and arranged using notched disk disk, and the corn stover of control corn stover total amount 25% is exposed at soil Surface, remaining corn stover are mixed with soil, depth of soil preparation 40cm, and tillage operation will be accomplished not weigh, not leak, and to the end, arrive side;
(3) it rakes the soil level: first being raked the soil level once with heavy duty harrow, depth 16cm, then raked the soil level once with light, depth 8cm, when raking the soil level Operating direction will with plough at 35 ° of angles, forbidding along rake;Rake the soil level operation when to wear leveller, rake drag combines multiple operation, to accomplish Rake is not leaked, does not drag heap, and the edge of a field, rand want neat and consistent;
(4) ridging: rake the soil level it is smooth after, ridger ridging, furrow depth is 18cm, and furrow width is 15cm, and ridge culture is more advantageous to It heats, dissipate moisture in the soil;
(5) sow: spring in next year carries out corn seeding when 5 centimetres of depth of soils ground temperature is stablized by 8 DEG C;
(6) it applies fertilizer: applying fertilizer to the subsoil when sowing primary, it is primary in corn big bell mouth stage Nitrogen Top Dressing, when applying fertilizer to the subsoil, urea Dosage is 150kg/hm2, the dosage of phosphorus pentoxide is 85kg/hm2, the dosage of potassium oxide is 85kg/hm2, when Nitrogen Top Dressing, The dosage of urea is 75kg/hm2
Embodiment 2
A kind of corn stalk powder rake total crop return technique, including following operating procedure:
(1) stalk crushes: when this season corn variety is early ripening maize kind, the generally dead stalk of early ripening maize kind is mature, plants Strain water content is lower, and when harvest crushes corn stover using cropper, do not needed before site preparation again with straw counters-field set into Row crushes;When this season corn variety is Mid-late ripening corn variety, when harvest, tentatively crushes corn stover using cropper, After carrying out sunning processing to it again 8 days, second is carried out to stalk using straw counters-field set and is crushed, when crushing, to stalk length Without particular/special requirement, smashed corn stover is uniformly shed in field face,
(2) site preparation: carrying out site preparation with combined soil preparing machine, using the loose smooth soil of subsoiling rake teeth, mixed straw and root stubble; The stubble of upper soll layer is cut and arranged using notched disk disk, and the corn stover of control corn stover total amount 30% is exposed at soil Surface, remaining corn stover are mixed with soil, depth of soil preparation 45cm, and tillage operation will be accomplished not weigh, not leak, and to the end, arrive side;
(3) it rakes the soil level: first being raked the soil level once with heavy duty harrow, depth 17cm, then raked the soil level once with light, depth 9cm, when raking the soil level Operating direction will with plough at 50 ° of angles, forbidding along rake;Rake the soil level operation when to wear leveller, rake drag combines multiple operation, to accomplish Rake is not leaked, does not drag heap, and the edge of a field, rand want neat and consistent;
(4) ridging: rake the soil level it is smooth after, ridger ridging, furrow depth is 22cm, and furrow width is 18cm, and ridge culture is more advantageous to It heats, dissipate moisture in the soil;
(5) sow: spring in next year carries out corn seeding when 5 centimetres of depth of soils ground temperature is stablized by 8 DEG C;
(6) it applies fertilizer: applying fertilizer to the subsoil when sowing primary, it is primary in corn big bell mouth stage Nitrogen Top Dressing, when applying fertilizer to the subsoil, urea Dosage is 160kg/hm2, the dosage of phosphorus pentoxide is 90kg/hm2, the dosage of potassium oxide is 90kg/hm2, when Nitrogen Top Dressing, The dosage of urea is 80kg/hm2
Embodiment 3
A kind of corn stalk powder rake total crop return technique, including following operating procedure:
(1) stalk crushes: when this season corn variety is early ripening maize kind, the generally dead stalk of early ripening maize kind is mature, plants Strain water content is lower, and when harvest crushes corn stover using cropper, do not needed before site preparation again with straw counters-field set into Row crushes;When this season corn variety is Mid-late ripening corn variety, when harvest, tentatively crushes corn stover using cropper, After carrying out sunning processing to it again 10 days, second is carried out to stalk using straw counters-field set and is crushed, when crushing, to stalk length Without particular/special requirement, smashed corn stover is uniformly shed in field face,
(2) site preparation: carrying out site preparation with combined soil preparing machine, using the loose smooth soil of subsoiling rake teeth, mixed straw and root stubble; The stubble of upper soll layer is cut and arranged using notched disk disk, and the corn stover of control corn stover total amount 40% is exposed at soil Surface, remaining corn stover are mixed with soil, depth of soil preparation 50cm, and tillage operation will be accomplished not weigh, not leak, and to the end, arrive side;
(3) it rakes the soil level: first being raked the soil level once with heavy duty harrow, depth 18cm, then it is primary with gently raking the soil level, depth 10cm rakes the soil level When operating direction will with plough at 60 ° of angles, forbidding along rake;Rake the soil level operation when to wear leveller, rake drag combines multiple operation, to do To rake is not leaked, heap is not dragged, the edge of a field, rand want neat and consistent;
(4) ridging: rake the soil level it is smooth after, ridger ridging, furrow depth is 25cm, and furrow width is 20cm, and ridge culture is more advantageous to It heats, dissipate moisture in the soil;
(5) sow: spring in next year carries out corn seeding when 5 centimetres of depth of soils ground temperature is stablized by 8 DEG C;
(6) it applies fertilizer: applying fertilizer to the subsoil when sowing primary, it is primary in corn big bell mouth stage Nitrogen Top Dressing, when applying fertilizer to the subsoil, urea Dosage is 170kg/hm2, the dosage of phosphorus pentoxide is 95kg/hm2, the dosage of potassium oxide is 95kg/hm2, when Nitrogen Top Dressing, The dosage of urea is 85kg/hm2
One piece of experimental plot is equally divided into 3 pieces of regions, is experimental plot 1,2,3, experimental plot 1,2,3 respectively with embodiment 1,2, 3 mode carries out corn stalk powder rake total crop return operation, and the corn of same breed, corn are then planted in 3 pieces of experimental plots Application rate be mu kind of 2.8kg, other than above-mentioned operating condition difference, the farming methods such as remaining fertilising, Shi Shui Identical, the content of yield and Tanaka's soil organism when measuring harvest corn respectively, wherein the soil organism is using weight Potassium chromate volumetric method-Outside Heating Method measurement, test result are as shown in table 1:
A kind of corn stalk powder of table 1 harrows the verifying of total crop return technological effect
As shown in Table 1, in the present embodiment, mentioning for black soil fertility has not only been actively promoted in the implementation of maize straw returning technology The sustainability of agricultural production is risen, ensured, while being also to improve maize production liquid manure utilization efficiency, save grain cost, increase Add the effective way of plantation effect.
Certainly, the above description is not a limitation of the present invention, and the present invention is also not limited to the example above, the art Those of ordinary skill, within the essential scope of the present invention, variation, change, addition or the replacement made all should belong to the present invention Protection scope.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of corn stalk powder harrows total crop return technique, which is characterized in that including following operating procedure:
(1) stalk crushes: when this season corn variety is early ripening maize kind, using cropper to corn stover progress powder when harvest It is broken, it does not need to be crushed with straw counters-field set again before site preparation;When this season corn variety is Mid-late ripening corn variety, benefit when harvest Corn stover is tentatively crushed with cropper, then after carrying out sunning processing to it, stalk is carried out using straw counters-field set Second of crushing, smashed corn stover is uniformly shed in field face;
(2) site preparation: carrying out site preparation with combined soil preparing machine, using the loose smooth soil of subsoiling rake teeth, mixed straw and root stubble;It utilizes The corn stover of the cutting of notched disk disk and the stubble for arranging upper soll layer, control corn stover total amount 25-40% is exposed at soil Surface, remaining corn stover are mixed with soil, depth of soil preparation 40-50cm;
(3) rake the soil level: first being raked the soil level once with heavy duty harrow, then is primary with gently raking the soil level, when raking the soil level operating direction will with plough at greater than 30 ° Acute angle, forbid along rake;Rake the soil level operation when to wear leveller, rake drag combines multiple operation;
(4) ridging: rake the soil level it is smooth after, ridger ridging;
(5) sow: spring in next year carries out corn seeding when 5 centimetres of depth of soils ground temperature is stablized by 8 DEG C;
(6) it applies fertilizer: applying fertilizer to the subsoil when sowing primary, it is primary in corn big bell mouth stage Nitrogen Top Dressing.
2. a kind of corn stalk powder according to claim 1 harrows total crop return technique, which is characterized in that above-mentioned steps (1) In, the time for drying processing is 5-10 days.
3. a kind of corn stalk powder according to claim 1 harrows total crop return technique, which is characterized in that above-mentioned steps (3) In, depth when heavy duty harrow is raked the soil level is 16-18cm, and the depth gently raked the soil level is 8-10cm.
4. a kind of corn stalk powder according to claim 1 harrows total crop return technique, which is characterized in that above-mentioned steps (4) In, when ridging, furrow depth is 18-25cm, and furrow width is 15-20cm.
5. a kind of corn stalk powder according to claim 1 harrows total crop return technique, which is characterized in that above-mentioned steps (6) In, when applying fertilizer to the subsoil, the dosage of urea is 150-170kg/hm2, the dosage of phosphorus pentoxide is 85-95kg/hm2, the use of potassium oxide Amount is 85-95kg/hm2, when Nitrogen Top Dressing, the dosage of urea is 75-85kg/hm2
CN201810905648.1A 2018-08-03 2018-08-03 A kind of corn stalk powder rake total crop return technique Pending CN109104927A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN110476572A (en) * 2019-07-24 2019-11-22 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 A kind of stalk concentrates returning to the field and second stubble crop key liquid manure management method
CN112056037A (en) * 2020-09-15 2020-12-11 吉林省农业科学院 Cultivation method for returning all corn straws to field

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CN110476572A (en) * 2019-07-24 2019-11-22 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 A kind of stalk concentrates returning to the field and second stubble crop key liquid manure management method
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CN112056037A (en) * 2020-09-15 2020-12-11 吉林省农业科学院 Cultivation method for returning all corn straws to field

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