CN109073147A - 适用液氢的氢气加注站 - Google Patents

适用液氢的氢气加注站 Download PDF

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CN109073147A
CN109073147A CN201780026909.6A CN201780026909A CN109073147A CN 109073147 A CN109073147 A CN 109073147A CN 201780026909 A CN201780026909 A CN 201780026909A CN 109073147 A CN109073147 A CN 109073147A
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storage tank
pump
liquid hydrogen
area
feeding mechanism
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W-H·利斯
T·可得瑞尔
M·布鲁克尔梅耶
R·斯扎尔丹宁斯
S·谢弗
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Linde GmbH
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Linde GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/02—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with liquefied gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/001—Thermal insulation specially adapted for cryogenic vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/04—Arrangement or mounting of valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F17C7/02—Discharging liquefied gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
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    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
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    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
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    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
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    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/035—High pressure (>10 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
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    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
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Abstract

本发明涉及供应装置，以及用于建立和操作适用液氢的加注站的供应装置的方法，包括至少一个适用液氢的储罐(1)以及至少一个适用液氢的泵(2)，所述储罐(1)和泵(2)被直接相互连接。

Description

适用液氢的氢气加注站
技术领域
本发明涉及一种适用液氢的加注站的供应装置，其包括至少一个储罐和至少一个泵，以及构造和操作这种供应装置的方法。
背景技术
用于加注站的供应装置通常包括供应罐或储罐，以及用于从储罐中抽出流体和/或用于增加用于补给燃料过程的流体的压力的泵。
该储罐或多个储罐经由管道连接到泵。这个管道通常由截止阀或控制阀及控制配件中断。直到现场安装之前，通常不会形成组件之间的连接，特别是在储罐和泵之间的连接。
为了确保这些组件的组装，管道必须有一定的长度，使得该管道是可以接近的，并且至少一名技术人员能够处理储罐和泵之间的连接。此外，必须确保阀和其他组件能够被检查以及可选地被更换。
尽管管道是隔热的，但不利的是被引入***的热量与管道的长度成比例地增加。当热量被引入液氢时，由于蒸发损失形成气相(在下文中也称为蒸发气体),并且气相尤其会导致***的压力增加、生产损失或供应装置的下游部件(尤其是泵)的损坏。
由于阀以及例如温度传感器或压力传感器等的其他仪器的组件的热传导也可以引入热量，因为这些组件与环境有接触，并且这些组件也与适用流体的管道的内部接触、或直接与适用流体的管道接触、或与用于储罐内的流体区域的管道接触。
发明内容
本发明是基于公开这样一种装置和方法的目的，该装置和方法用于减少引入液氢加注站的供应装置中的热量。
该目的是通过储罐和泵直接互连来实现。在这种情况下，有利的是，在储罐的外壳和泵之间没有设置阀或仪器，其中这些阀或仪器可能会中断储罐出口和泵的低压区域之间的管道。
储罐和泵之间的连接件的管道长度有利地在0.01到3米之间，特别是在0.5和1米之间，尤其是在0.63和0.78米之间。储罐和泵之间的连接件，即用于流体(特别是液氢)的排出管线，应尽可能的短。排出管线越短，能够被引入供应装置热量越少。
排出管线，即用于输送的管线，特别是用于从储罐输送液氢到泵的管线，优选地具有0.63m的长度。
冷却的蒸发气体有利地返回到储罐中。该返回管线的长度优选地为0.78米。
储罐有利地包括围绕流体容器的隔热区域。
储罐以及由此的流体容器优选地以液氢能够被储存在其中的方式实现。在液位以上形成氢的气相。
隔热区域用于保持流体容器内的温度恒定。填充物形式的隔热材料可以被引入其中，或者所述区域能够被抽成真空或是由不同的层材料组成。也可以想到不同隔热技术的组合。
储罐有利地包括用于液氢的供应管线。该供应管线有利地通过被优选地集成到隔热区域中的截止阀和/或压力保持阀从而确保安全。在优选实施例中，储罐包括温度和压力传感器，以及其他安全装置。
用于填充、排气和关闭泵的低压区域所需的阀有利地集成到储罐的隔热区域中。这带来的优点在于，在该位置占优势的低温也能用于冷却这些阀。这些阀还可以将储罐与泵隔离。特别是当储罐已装满或维修泵时，这可能是必要的。阀的杆和显示器的控制元件以及传感器被有利地集成在隔热区域中，它们与储罐的环境接触，就像管道那样有助于由于热传导将热量引入储罐的流体区域或是入隔热区域。
在供应装置的优选实施例中，从储罐的环境突出到储罐的流体区域的储罐的阀和其他仪器因此被连接到隔热区域内的中间冷却装置。
中间冷却装置能够以这样的方式实现，即管道延伸经过隔热区域内的阀或传感器的导热部件，但是管道在储罐的外壁附近。管道还可以以一个或多个盘管的形式围绕这些部件延伸。
由于蒸发损失而形成的气体(蒸发气体)有利地被用于中间冷却阀和隔热区域。蒸发气体有利地从流体容器的气体区域排出，并且经由管道馈送到中间冷却装置。该管道优选地也被布置在隔热区域内，使得该区域也被冷却。
由于将热量引入储罐从而形成了蒸发气体，特别是液氢的蒸发。必须从储罐排出蒸发气体以防止压力增加。然而，蒸发气体具有与液氢相似的低温，因此可用于冷却目的。
蒸发气体最初用于冷却隔热区域和被设置在其中的设备，但在蒸发气体从储罐被排出后也能用于冷却加注站的下游部件。由此优化整个***、即加注站的热力学效率。
随后，蒸发气体可以再次冷却和/或液化并返回到储罐中。在另一个实施方案中，蒸发气体也可以被废弃并且，例如被释放到环境中或被烧掉。
泵有利地以其能够输送和/或压缩液氢的方式实现。泵被特别设计用于输送氢气以及压缩氢气，即用于增加其压力。泵有利地将液氢的压力增加到50至1000巴，特别是350至500巴，或700巴，或900巴。
在供应装置的另一有利实施例中，泵，特别是泵的低压区域，被安装在储罐的隔热区域内或直接安装在储罐的流体容器中。
液氢优选地在20K和27.5K之间的温度下储存和/或输送，特别是在22.5K和24K之间。这意味着储罐内部的温度介于20K和27.5K之间，而环境温度通常存在于储罐外。
可以看出，将储罐直接连接到泵的特别优点在于安装面积被减小了。虽然组装通常必须在不同的地方进行，但这提供了额外的优点，即工厂可以获得优异的隔热选择。以这种方式，可以确保特别地在储罐、泵和连接管道之间的隔热区域的过渡被没有缺陷地实现。甚至可以形成连续材料的公共隔热壳。由此显著地减少了热量的引入。防止蒸发气体形成在储罐和泵之间的连接管线中，从而防止泵损坏，特别是由于鼓泡或气穴现象的泵损坏。
由于工厂中的预组装，还可以减少安装现场的组装时间，使得实现额外的成本节省。
如果供应单元应该被安装在地面以下，使得可以比在地上安装时更多地限制其进入，那么预组装也是特别有用的。
供应装置特别地适合用于为车辆供应氢气或天然气的加注站。
具体实施方式
下面参考图1中示意性示出的设计的示例性实施例来更详细地描述本发明。
图1示意性地示出了本发明装置的实施例。储罐1和泵2优选地形成用于给车辆补给燃料的氢气加注站的部分。
储罐1由隔热区域3和流体容器4组成。。流体容器被设计用于储存液氢，其中在液位上方形成含氢气的气氛。
在该示例性实施例中，隔热区域3通过填充物和施加真空来隔热。储罐1的所有阀以及安全和控制装置以这样的方式容纳在隔热区域中，即，使得尽可能少的热量经由外部可触及的手柄、杆或显示器被引入隔热区域。这特别地是通过把冷的蒸发气体输送通过位于隔热区域3内的阀，使得这些阀被冷却的方式实现。这在中间冷却装置9的三个示例性位置中被示意性地示出。因此，很大程度上防止了通过阀手柄、传感器或从外部延伸到隔热区域3中的其他管线引入热量。蒸发气体通过排出管线8从储存容器中排出。蒸发气体可用于冷却其它***部件、丢弃或再次冷却。
储罐1包括用于流体的供应管线5，在该实例中流体为液氢。其中，供应管线5通过截止阀和压力保持阀从而确保安全。
储罐1经由适用液氢的排出管线6连接到泵2。泵2优选地以用于处理液氢的低温泵的形式实现。
排出管线6尤其可通过截止阀和压力保持阀从而确保安全。在该示例性实施例中，被调节和冷却的蒸发气体经由返回管线7返回到储罐1中，并且要么直接再次用于冷却目的，要么输送到流体容器4的顶部的气体区域中。以这种方式，可以冷却流体容器4的顶部的气体区域和/或可以影响其压力。
在所示的示例性实施例中，储罐1和泵2之间的排出管线6的长度为0.63m。这种狭窄的间距确保尽可能少的热量被引入。
该***是预组装的，以便减少由小间距引起的现场组装的工作量。
参考符号列表：
1 储罐
2 泵
3 隔热区域
4 流体容器
5 流体供应管线
6 流体排出管线
7 气体返回管线
8 蒸发气体排出管线
9 中间冷却装置

Claims (8)

1.一种液氢加注站的供应装置，所述供应装置包括至少一个储罐(1)和至少一个泵(2)，其特征在于，所述储罐(1)和所述泵(2)被直接相互连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的的供应装置，其特征在于，所述储罐(1)和所述泵(2)之间的连接件(6)的管道长度在0.01到3米之间，特别是在0.5和1米之间，尤其是在0.63和0.78米之间。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的供给装置，其特征在于，具体地，需要用于填充、排气和关闭所述泵(2)的低压区域的阀被集成到所述储罐(1)的隔热区域(3)中。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的供应装置，其特征在于，从所述储罐(1)的环境突出到所述储罐(1)的流体区域的所述储罐(1)的阀和其他仪器被连接到位于所述隔热区域(3)内的中间冷却装置(9)。
5.一种构造和操作液氢加注站的供应装置的方法，所述方法包括至少一个适用液氢的储罐(1)和至少一个适用液氢的泵(2)，其特征在于，所述储罐(1)和所述泵(2)被直接相互连接。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，由于蒸发损失而形成的气体(蒸发气体)被用于中间冷却阀和隔热区域(3)。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述液氢在21.5K和27.5K之间的温度下储存和/或输送，特别是在21.5K和24K之间。
8.根据权利要求5至7中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述泵(2)将所述液氢的压力增加到50至1000巴，特别是350至500巴，或700或900巴。
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