CN109065205A - A kind of combined type radon and daughter airborne radioactivity pollution cleaning treatment system and processing method - Google Patents

A kind of combined type radon and daughter airborne radioactivity pollution cleaning treatment system and processing method Download PDF

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CN109065205A
CN109065205A CN201810938494.6A CN201810938494A CN109065205A CN 109065205 A CN109065205 A CN 109065205A CN 201810938494 A CN201810938494 A CN 201810938494A CN 109065205 A CN109065205 A CN 109065205A
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layer
daughter
cracking
modified
combined type
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CN109065205B (en
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罗学刚
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Southwest University of Science and Technology
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G21NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21FPROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/04Treating liquids
    • G21F9/06Processing
    • G21F9/12Processing by absorption; by adsorption; by ion-exchange
    • GPHYSICS
    • G21NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21FPROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/04Treating liquids
    • G21F9/06Processing

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of combined type radon and daughter airborne radioactivity pollution cleaning treatment system and processing methods.Its cleaning treatment system is the layer structure in a column shape container, and respectively 10~20cm cracking modified bamboo suede purifying layer, 10~20cm alkali activation modification leather adsorption layer, 10~20cm humus adsorption layer, 10~20cm from top to bottom cracks modified rice husk detention layer etc. and constitute.Gas containing radon and daughter is from the bottom to top respectively by cracking purified treatments 5 such as modified rice husk detention layer, humus adsorption layer, alkali activation modification leather adsorption layer, cracking modified bamboo suede purifying layer~be discharged after ten minutes.Combined type cleaning treatment system through the invention is capable of the radons such as effective solution Uranium, the underground engineering of low cost and daughter to the radioactive pollution of atmospheric environment.

Description

A kind of combined type radon and daughter airborne radioactivity pollution cleaning treatment system and processing Method
Technical field
The present invention relates to radons and daughter airborne radioactivity to pollute purified treatment, and in particular to radon and daughter airborne radioactivity are dirty Contaminate purified treatment.
Background technique
Air quality problems in the domestic and international limited enclosed environment such as Uranium and underground engineering more and more attention has been paid to.Make For one of major pollutants in the limited enclosed environment such as Uranium and underground engineering, radon becomes the hot spot of people's research.Wherein A critical issue be that the protection to radon and its daughter is more and more paid attention to, 19 kinds of main rings are published as by the World Health Organization One of border carcinogenic substance.Mine, rock, the decay of the nucleic such as uranium series, thorium family, actinium series is the main of radon and its daughter in construction material Source.Personnel suck high concentration radon daughter for a long time lung cancer morbidity rate increase are caused to be domestic in Uranium and limited enclosed environment Recognized by outer.The estimation of 1998 annual report of the atomic radiation effect committee of the United Nations (UNSCEAR), the vast public affairs of normal background areas Year effective dose 1.2mSv of the crowd because radiating irradiation caused by Inhaled Radon and its daughter, accounts for about the 50% of all natural dose of radiation.
More and more attention has been paid to radons for air quality problems in the limited enclosed environment of domestic and international Uranium and underground engineering etc. Become the hot spot of people's research, radon is published as one of 19 kinds of major environmental carcinogen objects by the World Health Organization.As uranium ore One of major pollutants in the limited enclosed environment such as smelting and underground engineering, to the protection of radon and its daughter more and more by by weight Depending on.
Mainly there is the protection of radon in the limited enclosed environment of domestic and international Uranium and underground engineering etc.: (1) Uranium and underground Around and bottom, which reserve Stilt layer and cut off containment body radon using soil voltage drop method etc., enters underground engineering, the disadvantage is that engineering Cost is higher.(2) divulge information: ventilation is that radon and daughter are mainly arranged to what personnel endangered in current reduction Uranium and underground engineering It applies, the disadvantage is that energy consumption and the heat radiation and radioactive radiation of draft outlet are easy exposed to descend engineering objective.(3) it shields: using Anti- radon cement mortar and polyester etc. hinder radon material, prevent the precipitation of radon, the disadvantage is that guaranteeing to apply stifled long-term closely knit and validity still There are bigger difficulty.(4) it adsorbs: using absorption except radon device persistently adsorbs in Uranium and underground partial closure place Radon, the disadvantage is that broad Uranium and underground engineering application cost is higher.Therefore, for the limited envelope such as Uranium and underground engineering A kind of combined type radon and daughter airborne radioactivity pollution depollution of environment processing system and method tool are developed in the protection for closing Environmental Radon There is important role.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of combined type radon and daughter airborne radioactivity pollution depollution of environment processing system and Processing method puts atmospheric environment for radon in the limited enclosed environments such as the solution Uranium of low cost and underground engineering and daughter Radioactive pollution provides technological service.
The technical scheme is that a kind of combined type radon and daughter airborne radioactivity pollute depollution of environment processing system, It is the layer structure in column shape container, and respectively 10~20cm from top to bottom cracks modified bamboo suede purifying layer, 10~20cm Alkali activation modification leather adsorption layer, 10~20cm humus adsorption layer, 10~20cm crack modified rice husk detention layer etc. and constitute.
The cracking modified bamboo suede purifying layer is made of the cracking modified bamboo suede that partial size is 2 ~ 3mm, with a thickness of 10~ 20cm.Cracked in cracking modified bamboo suede purifying layer modified bamboo suede preparation be by after bamboo block coarse crushing, with squeeze wire drawing machine 120~ After 160 DEG C of extruding are wire drawing modified, cracking modified bamboo suede is made in sieving.
The alkali activation modification leather adsorption layer is made of the modification leather that partial size is 3 ~ 5mm, 10~20cm of thickness.Alkali The preparation of alkali activation modification leather is that the leftover bits of leather processing are soaked in 48 in pure water in activation modification leather adsorption layer After h, the particle of 3 ~ 5mm is cut into, in 40 DEG C of dry 12 h.The NaOH that 2 times of leather particles weight of 0.5 mol/L is added is molten Liquid, temperature control basic hydrolysis activates 4h, filtering in 40 DEG C of constant temperature oscillation casees, and washing to neutrality freezes 12 h, is made after dry 12 h Alkali activation modification leather.
The humus adsorption layer is made of the peat that content of humic acid is 30% or more, with a thickness of 10~20cm.
The described modified rice husk detention layer of cracking cracks rice husk by the extruding that partial size is 1~3mm and forms, with a thickness of 10~ 20cm.Crack extruding cracking rice husk in modified rice husk detention layer preparation be by after rice husk coarse crushing, with extruder 120~ 160 DEG C of cracking are modified, sieving, and extruding is made and cracks rice husk.
It is formed according to respectively filling of the gas purification treating capacity containing radon and daughter in different cylindrical bodies from bottom to top The humus for cracking modified bamboo suede purifying layer, the alkali activation modification leather adsorption layer of 10~20cm, 10~20cm of 10~20cm Adsorption layer, modified rice husk detention layer of cracking of 10~20cm etc..Gas containing radon and daughter changes by cracking respectively from the bottom to top Property the purified treatments 5 such as rice husk detention layer, humus adsorption layer, alkali activation modification leather adsorption layer, cracking modified bamboo suede purifying layer ~be discharged after ten minutes.
The present invention pollutes cleaning treatment system using combined type radon and daughter airborne radioactivity, the gas containing radon and daughter by Under it is supreme respectively by cracking modified rice husk detention layer, humus adsorption layer, alkali activation modification leather adsorption layer, cracking modified bamboo The detentions such as suede purifying layer, radon therein is preferentially adsorbed because molecular weight is larger, with the lesser on-radiation of other molecular weight Carrier band gas (such as oxygen and nitrogen) separation, since radon is cracking modified rice husk detention layer, humus adsorption layer, alkali activation Movement speed above modified leather adsorption layer, cracking modified bamboo suede purifying layer etc. is very slow, in the process of moving, they Stable nuclide is constantly decayed into, the gas containing radon and daughter passes through the discharge up to standard after multilayer detention, purified treatment, purification 90% or more handling rate > can realize the purified treatment of low cost to radon and daughter airborne radioactivity substance.Moreover, radon of the present invention And daughter airborne radioactivity pollution cleaning treatment system material is all made of the biomass-based absorption of natural reproducible, complete biodegradable Material, using after discarded radon and daughter airborne radioactivity pollution cleaning treatment system can biology quickly at volume reduction decrement minimum Reason protects environment, prevents waste secondary pollution.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further details combined with specific embodiments below.
Embodiment 1:
The respectively 10cm of combined type radon and daughter airborne radioactivity pollution cleaning treatment system from top to bottom cracks modified bamboo suede Purifying layer, 10cm alkali activation modification leather adsorption layer, 10cm humus adsorption layer, 10cm crack the structures such as modified rice husk detention layer At.
Cracking modified bamboo suede purifying layer is made of the cracking modified bamboo suede that partial size is 2mm, with a thickness of 10cm.Crack modified bamboo Cracked in suede purifying layer modified bamboo suede preparation be by after bamboo block coarse crushing, with squeeze wire drawing machine at 120 DEG C and squeeze it is wire drawing modified after, Cracking modified bamboo suede is made in sieving.
Alkali activation modification leather adsorption layer is made of the modification leather that partial size is 3mm, thickness 10cm.Alkali activation modification leather The preparation of alkali activation modification leather is that the leftover bits of leather processing are soaked in pure water after 48 h, are cut into adsorption layer The particle of 3mm, in 40 DEG C of dry 12 h.The NaOH solution of 2 times of leather particles weight of 0.5 mol/L, 40 DEG C of constant temperature vibrations are added It swings temperature control basic hydrolysis in case and activates 4h, filtering, washing to neutrality freezes 12 h, alkali activation modification skin is made after dry 12 h Leather.
Humus adsorption layer is made of the peat that content of humic acid is 30% or more, with a thickness of 10cm.
It cracks modified rice husk detention layer to be made of the extruding cracking rice husk that partial size is 1mm, with a thickness of 10cm.Crack modified rice The preparation of extruding cracking rice husk is by after rice husk coarse crushing, with extruder in 120 DEG C of modified, mistakes of cracking in shell detention layer Sieve is made extruding and cracks rice husk.
It is formed according to respectively filling of the gas purification treating capacity containing radon and daughter in different cylindrical bodies from bottom to top Cracking modified bamboo suede purifying layer, the alkali activation modification leather adsorption layer of 10cm, the humus adsorption layer of 10cm, 10cm of 10cm Crack modified rice husk detention layer etc..Gas containing radon and daughter is from the bottom to top respectively by cracking modified rice husk detention layer, humic The purified treatments such as matter adsorption layer, alkali activation modification leather adsorption layer, cracking modified bamboo suede purifying layer are discharged after five minutes.
Embodiment 2:
The respectively 20cm of combined type radon and daughter airborne radioactivity pollution cleaning treatment system from top to bottom cracks modified bamboo suede Purifying layer, 20cm alkali activation modification leather adsorption layer, 20cm humus adsorption layer, 20cm crack the structures such as modified rice husk detention layer At.
Cracking modified bamboo suede purifying layer is made of the cracking modified bamboo suede that partial size is 3mm, with a thickness of 20cm.Crack modified bamboo Cracked in suede purifying layer modified bamboo suede preparation be by after bamboo block coarse crushing, with squeeze wire drawing machine at 160 DEG C and squeeze it is wire drawing modified after, Cracking modified bamboo suede is made in sieving.
Alkali activation modification leather adsorption layer is made of the modification leather that partial size is 5mm, thickness 20cm.Alkali activation modification leather The preparation of alkali activation modification leather is that the leftover bits of leather processing are soaked in pure water after 48 h, are cut into adsorption layer The particle of 5mm, in 40 DEG C of dry 12 h.The NaOH solution of 2 times of leather particles weight of 0.5 mol/L, 40 DEG C of constant temperature vibrations are added It swings temperature control basic hydrolysis in case and activates 4h, filtering, washing to neutrality freezes 12 h, alkali activation modification skin is made after dry 12 h Leather.
Humus adsorption layer is made of the peat that content of humic acid is 30% or more, with a thickness of 20cm.
It cracks modified rice husk detention layer to be made of the extruding cracking rice husk that partial size is 3mm, with a thickness of 20cm.Crack modified rice The preparation of extruding cracking rice husk is by after rice husk coarse crushing, with extruder in 160 DEG C of modified, mistakes of cracking in shell detention layer Sieve is made extruding and cracks rice husk.
It is formed according to respectively filling of the gas purification treating capacity containing radon and daughter in different cylindrical bodies from bottom to top Cracking modified bamboo suede purifying layer, the alkali activation modification leather adsorption layer of 20cm, the humus adsorption layer of 20cm, 20cm of 20cm Crack modified rice husk detention layer etc..Gas containing radon and daughter is from the bottom to top respectively by cracking modified rice husk detention layer, humic The purified treatments such as matter adsorption layer, alkali activation modification leather adsorption layer, cracking modified bamboo suede purifying layer are discharged after ten minutes.
Embodiment 3:
The respectively 15cm of combined type radon and daughter airborne radioactivity pollution cleaning treatment system from top to bottom cracks modified bamboo suede Purifying layer, 15cm alkali activation modification leather adsorption layer, 15cm humus adsorption layer, 15cm crack the structures such as modified rice husk detention layer At.
Cracking modified bamboo suede purifying layer is made of the cracking modified bamboo suede that partial size is 2.5mm, with a thickness of 15cm.Cracking is modified The preparation that modified bamboo suede is cracked in bamboo suede purifying layer is by after bamboo block coarse crushing, and with squeezing, wire drawing machine is wire drawing modified in 145 DEG C of extruding Afterwards, it is sieved, cracking modified bamboo suede is made.
Alkali activation modification leather adsorption layer is made of the modification leather that partial size is 4mm, thickness 15cm.Alkali activation modification leather The preparation of alkali activation modification leather is that the leftover bits of leather processing are soaked in pure water after 48 h, are cut into adsorption layer The particle of 4mm, in 40 DEG C of dry 12 h.The NaOH solution of 2 times of leather particles weight of 0.5 mol/L, 40 DEG C of constant temperature vibrations are added It swings temperature control basic hydrolysis in case and activates 4h, filtering, washing to neutrality freezes 12 h, alkali activation modification skin is made after dry 12 h Leather.
Humus adsorption layer is made of the peat that content of humic acid is 30% or more, with a thickness of 15cm.
It cracks modified rice husk detention layer to be made of the extruding cracking rice husk that partial size is 2mm, with a thickness of 15cm.Crack modified rice The preparation of extruding cracking rice husk is by after rice husk coarse crushing, with extruder in 145 DEG C of modified, mistakes of cracking in shell detention layer Sieve is made extruding and cracks rice husk.
It is formed according to respectively filling of the gas purification treating capacity containing radon and daughter in different cylindrical bodies from bottom to top Cracking modified bamboo suede purifying layer, the alkali activation modification leather adsorption layer of 15cm, the humus adsorption layer of 15cm, 15cm of 15cm Crack modified rice husk detention layer etc..Gas containing radon and daughter is from the bottom to top respectively by cracking modified rice husk detention layer, humic Matter adsorption layer, alkali activation modification leather adsorption layer, cracking modified bamboo suede purifying layer etc. are discharged after purified treatments 7 minutes.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed as above, but its is not only in the description and the implementation listed With it can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention, for those skilled in the art, can be easily Realize other modification, therefore without departing from the general concept defined in the claims and the equivalent scope, the present invention is simultaneously unlimited In specific details and example shown and described herein.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of combined type radon and daughter airborne radioactivity pollute depollution of environment processing system, which is characterized in that it is that column is held Layer structure in device, respectively 10~20cm from top to bottom crack modified bamboo suede purifying layer, 10~20cm alkali activation modification Leather adsorption layer, 10~20cm humus adsorption layer, 10~20cm crack modified rice husk detention layer and constitute.
2. combined type radon according to claim 1 and daughter airborne radioactivity pollute depollution of environment processing system, feature It is, the cracking modified bamboo suede purifying layer is made of the cracking modified bamboo suede that partial size is 2 ~ 3mm, with a thickness of 10~20cm.
3. combined type radon according to claim 2 and daughter airborne radioactivity pollute depollution of environment processing system, feature It is, the preparation of the described cracking modified bamboo suede, is by after bamboo block coarse crushing, with squeezing wire drawing machine in 120~160 DEG C of extruding wire drawings Modified, cracking modified bamboo suede is made in sieving.
4. combined type radon according to claim 1 and daughter airborne radioactivity pollute depollution of environment processing system, feature It is, the alkali activation modification leather adsorption layer is made of the modification leather that partial size is 3 ~ 5mm, 10~20cm of thickness.
5. combined type radon according to claim 4 and daughter airborne radioactivity pollute depollution of environment processing system, feature It is, the preparation of the alkali activation modification leather is that the leftover bits of leather processing are soaked in pure water after 48 h, shearing At the particle of 3 ~ 5mm, in 40 DEG C of dry 12 h;The NaOH solution of 2 times of leather particles weight of 0.5 mol/L, 40 DEG C of perseverances are added Temperature control basic hydrolysis activates 4h in warm oscillation case, filters, washing to neutrality, obtained after freezing 12 h, dry 12 h.
6. combined type radon according to claim 1 and daughter airborne radioactivity pollute depollution of environment processing system, feature It is, the humus adsorption layer is made of the peat that content of humic acid is 30% or more, with a thickness of 10~20cm.
7. combined type radon according to claim 1 and daughter airborne radioactivity pollute depollution of environment processing system, feature It is, the modified rice husk detention layer of the cracking cracks rice husk by the extruding that partial size is 1~3mm and forms, with a thickness of 10~20cm.
8. combined type radon according to claim 7 and daughter airborne radioactivity pollute depollution of environment processing system, feature It is, the preparation of the extruding cracking rice husk is modified after rice husk coarse crushing with extruder in 120~160 DEG C of cracking Afterwards, made from sieving.
9. using combined type radon described in claim 1 and daughter airborne radioactivity pollution the depollution of environment processing system processing radon and The method of daughter airborne radioactivity pollution environment, which is characterized in that according to gas purification treating capacity in different column shape containers Filling respectively from bottom to top forms the cracking modified bamboo suede purifying layer of 10~20cm, the alkali activation modification leather of 10~20cm is inhaled The cracking of attached layer, the humus adsorption layer of 10~20cm, 10~20cm is modified rice husk detention layer;Gas containing radon and daughter is under It is supreme to be modified rice husk detention layer, humus adsorption layer, alkali activation modification leather adsorption layer, cracking modified bamboo suede by cracking respectively The purified treatments such as purifying layer 5~be discharged after ten minutes.
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