CN109060003B - High-resolution hydrological monitoring method for small watershed karst water system - Google Patents
High-resolution hydrological monitoring method for small watershed karst water system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-resolution hydrological monitoring method of a small watershed karst water system, which is characterized in that monitoring data are transmitted to a terminal processor in real time for extraction and utilization through hydrological monitoring of rainfall, surface water, underground water flow and water level high-resolution of the karst water system in a tunnel region; finding out the dynamic characteristics and the change rules of the flow of different karst aquifers, different karst landforms and karst water systems in the tunnel area, accurately monitoring the infiltration coefficient and the flow lag change rule of each sub-basin, providing important hydrogeological data for tunnel water burst prediction, and playing a key role in tunnel water burst subsection prediction; the efficiency and the automation level of monitoring work are improved, and a large amount of manpower and material resource cost can be saved; the monitoring method has the advantages of small engineering quantity, low cost and no influence on local environment, and is widely applied to the prediction of the water inrush of the tunnel in the karst area, particularly the sectional prediction work.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogeological survey hydrographic monitoring, in particular to a high-resolution hydrographic monitoring method for a small watershed karst water system.
Background
A method and a theory for predicting the water inflow of a tunnel in a karst area have been key points and difficulties of research of hydrogeologists for a long time. Due to the complexity, variability and specificity of tunnel crossing space in karst region, the regional difference and uncertainty of hydrologic cycle system, the karst groundwater system is determined by the spatial distribution pattern of karst soluble rock mass. The karst water-containing medium as karst water occurrence space has a space form mainly composed of pipelines, cracks, pores and a combination form thereof. Under the influence of many factors such as lithology, structure, geological conditions and the like, the karst aqueous medium has the characteristic of nonuniformity, so that the amount of the existing underground water resources has great difference and nonuniformity, which brings great difficulty to investigation, evaluation and development. Therefore, the accurate prediction of the tunnel water inflow size of the karst area, particularly the prediction of the sectional water inflow is difficult.
In the related technology, due to the fact that the investigation precision of the actual hydrogeological condition of the object is not enough and the hydrogeological observation data with high precision for a long time is lacked, the prediction result is far from the actual engineering requirement.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for monitoring high resolution hydrology of a small watershed karst water system.
In order to solve the technical problems, the embodiment of the invention adopts the technical scheme that the high-resolution hydrological monitoring method of the small watershed karst water system comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting geological data and tunnel line position data of an area where a target karst water system is located, and performing primary analysis to determine a proper investigation area range;
(2) carrying out field hydrogeological condition investigation in the investigation region range, determining the karst landform type, the karst development condition and the hydrogeological condition of the target region, dividing a basin system, delineating watershed and determining catchment area;
(3) according to the divided watershed systems, the defined watershed and the determined catchment area, the karst water system is divided in a grading manner, and a sub watershed system is determined;
(4) arranging a duplex rectangular weir flow monitoring station, a rainfall monitoring device or a drilling water level monitoring device in the watershed system and the sub-watershed system thereof, and monitoring rainfall, water flow, water temperature and water level data information;
(5) transmitting the monitored rainfall, water flow, water temperature and water level data information to a terminal processor for data processing, calculating infiltration coefficients, lag time and underground water runoff modulus for karst water-containing medium characteristic identification, and establishing a water inrush prediction model for real-time water inrush prediction on a karst water system.
Preferably, in the step (3), the karst water system is classified into a single-stage karst watershed system, a double-stage karst watershed system or a multi-stage karst watershed system, the double-stage karst watershed system is two sub-watershed systems, and the multi-stage karst watershed system is a plurality of sub-watershed systems.
Preferably, in the step (4), the compound rectangular weir flow monitoring station includes a compound rectangular flow weir and a monitoring device, the compound rectangular flow weir includes a left weir, a right weir and a base, the left weir and the right weir are symmetrical, and the left weir includes a rectangular structure adjacent to the river bank and a stepped rectangular structure; the left weir, the right weir and the base form a compound rectangular weir, and the monitoring device is located upstream of the compound rectangular weir.
Preferably, the compound rectangular weir crest comprises a first layer of thin-wall weir crest and a second layer of bricklayed weir crest, and the first layer of thin-wall weir crest is made of stainless steel plates; the thickness of the stainless steel plate is 3 mm-5 mm; the thickness of the second layer of bricklaying weir crest is 9 cm-11 cm.
Preferably, the construction method of the compound rectangular flow weir comprises the following steps:
(1) dividing the weir body into three parts including a left weir body, a compound rectangular weir crest and a right weir body, placing a wood board in the riverbed, paving a flexible drainage water-stop film on the wood board to guide water flow to the right side of the riverbed, and sealing the connection part of the water-stop film and the riverbed;
(2) constructing a left weir body after the left side of the riverbed is dried, wherein the base of the left weir body is of a reinforced concrete structure and is constructed on the bedrock of the riverbed, and the weir body is formed by pouring riverbed pebble mixed cement mortar;
(3) constructing a compound rectangular weir crest next to the left weir body, wherein the compound rectangular weir crest comprises two layers, namely a first layer of thin-wall weir crest and a second layer of bricklayed weir crest from bottom to top, and the base of the compound rectangular weir crest is of a reinforced concrete structure and is constructed on riverbed bedrock;
(4) after the left weir body and the compound rectangular weir crest are dried and fixed, installing a monitoring device at the position, close to the compound rectangular weir crest, of the upstream of water flow, then placing the wood board on the right side of the riverbed and the flexible drainage water-stop film laid on the wood board on the right side of the riverbed on the left side of the riverbed, guiding the water flow to the left side of the riverbed, and sealing the connection part of the water-stop film and the riverbed;
(5) constructing a right weir body after the right side of the riverbed is dried, wherein the base of the right weir body is of a reinforced concrete structure and is constructed on a brook bedrock, and the weir body is formed by pouring riverbed pebble mixed cement mortar;
(6) and after the right weir body is dried and solidified, taking out the wood board and the water-resisting film.
Compared with the related art, the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that the high-resolution hydrological monitoring method for the small watershed karst water system collects geological data and tunnel line position data of the area where the target karst water system is located, and performs preliminary analysis to determine the appropriate investigation area range; carrying out field hydrogeological condition investigation in the investigation region range, determining the karst landform type, the karst development condition and the hydrogeological condition of the target region, dividing a basin system, delineating watershed and determining catchment area; the large karst water system is classified into a single-stage, double-stage or multi-stage sub-flow field system, a duplex rectangular flow weir monitoring station is arranged in each sub-flow field system to monitor rainfall, water level, water flow and other information, and the information is transmitted to a terminal processor to be processed and calculated to obtain infiltration coefficients, lag time, groundwater runoff modulus and other data, characteristics of karst water-containing media are identified through the data, the infiltration coefficients and the flow lag change rule of each sub-flow field can be accurately monitored, important hydrogeological data are provided for tunnel water burst prediction, and a key role is played in tunnel water burst subsection prediction; the efficiency and the automation level of monitoring work are improved, and a large amount of manpower and material resource cost can be saved; the monitoring method provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of small engineering quantity, low cost and no influence on local environment, is suitable for being widely applied to the prediction of the water inrush of the tunnel in the karst region, particularly the segmented prediction work, and has great practical significance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a monitoring method according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a single stage basin system stage according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a dual stage cascade system according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a multi-stage watershed system according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a duplex rectangular flow monitoring station according to a first embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic flow chart of a duplex rectangular flow weir construction method according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a duplex rectangular flow weir construction method according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph of flow attenuation curves and segments according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of an orchid cavern dual-stage karst watershed system according to a second embodiment of the invention;
fig. 10 is an orchid cavern two-stage karst watershed system flow attenuation curve of the second embodiment of the invention;
fig. 11 is a surface diagram of a rainfall time flood peak-orchid tunnel dark river flow flood peak lag change curve of an orchid tunnel two-stage karst watershed system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein: the device comprises a rainfall monitoring device 1, a duplex rectangular weir flow monitoring station 2, a duplex rectangular weir 21, a monitoring device 22, a drilling water level monitoring device 3, a left weir 4, a right weir 5, a base 6, a duplex rectangular weir crest 7, a first layer of thin-wall weir crest 71, a second layer of brick-laying weir crest 72, a stainless steel plate 73, a water level monitoring device hole 8, a stainless steel pipe 81, a small hole 82, a riverbed 9, a wood board 10 and a water-stop film 11.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a high resolution hydrologic monitoring method for a small watershed karst water system, including the following steps:
(1) collecting geological data and tunnel line position data of an area where a target karst water system is located, and performing primary analysis to determine a proper investigation area range;
(2) carrying out field hydrogeological condition investigation in the investigation region range, determining the karst landform type, the karst development condition and the hydrogeological condition of the target region, dividing a basin system, delineating watershed and determining catchment area;
(3) according to the divided watershed systems, the defined watershed and the determined catchment area, the karst water system is divided in a grading manner, and a sub watershed system is determined;
referring to fig. 2, specifically, the karst water system is classified into a single-stage karst watershed system, a two-stage karst watershed system, or a multi-stage karst watershed system; the single-stage karst watershed system is a watershed system, the double-stage karst watershed system is two sub-watershed systems, and the multi-stage karst watershed system is a plurality of sub-watershed systems.
(4) Arranging a rainfall monitoring device 1, a duplex rectangular weir flow monitoring station 2 or a drilling water level monitoring device 3 in the watershed system and the sub-watershed system thereof, and monitoring rainfall, water flow, water temperature and water level data information;
referring to fig. 3, specifically, the compound rectangular weir flow monitoring station 2 includes a compound rectangular flow weir 21 and a monitoring device 22, the compound rectangular flow weir 21 includes a left weir 4, a right weir 5 and a base 6, the left weir 4 and the right weir 5 are symmetrical structures, and the left weir 4 includes a rectangular structure adjacent to a river bank and a stepped rectangular structure; the left weir 4, the right weir 5 and the base 6 form a compound rectangular weir 7, and the monitoring device 22 is located upstream of the compound rectangular weir 7; the monitoring step length of the monitoring device 22 is 5min, the water level monitoring precision is 1mm, and the water flow and rainfall data information of each stage of watershed system is obtained through the monitored water level change of the compound rectangular flow weir 21;
a water level monitoring device hole 8 is dug at the upstream of the compound rectangular weir crest 7, a stainless steel pipe 81 is embedded in the water level monitoring device hole 8, small holes 82 are uniformly formed in the pipe body of the stainless steel pipe 81, and the monitoring device 22 is installed in the stainless steel pipe 81; the outer diameter of the stainless steel pipe 81 is 5cm, and the wall thickness is 4 mm;
(5) transmitting the monitored rainfall, water flow, water temperature and water level data information to a terminal processor for data processing, calculating infiltration coefficients, lag time and underground water runoff modulus for karst water-containing medium characteristic identification, and establishing a water inrush prediction model for real-time water inrush prediction on a karst water system.
The monitoring method provided by the embodiment of the invention can accurately monitor the infiltration coefficient and the flow hysteresis change rule of each sub-basin, provides important hydrogeological data for tunnel water burst prediction, and plays a key role in tunnel water burst subsection prediction; the efficiency and the automation level of monitoring work are improved, and a large amount of manpower and material resource cost can be saved; the monitoring method provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of small engineering quantity, low cost and no influence on local environment, and is widely applied to the prediction of the water inrush of the tunnel in the karst area, particularly the segmented prediction work.
Further, the compound rectangular weir crest 7 comprises a first layer of thin-wall weir crest 71 and a second layer of bricklayed weir crest 72, wherein the first layer of thin-wall weir crest 71 is made of stainless steel plates 73; the thickness of the stainless steel plate is 3 mm-5 mm; the thickness of the second layer of bricklaying weir crest 72 is 9 cm-11 cm.
Referring to fig. 4, further, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a construction method of the compound rectangular flow weir, including the following steps:
(1) dividing the weir body into three parts, including a left weir body 4, a compound rectangular weir crest 7 and a right weir body 5, placing a wood board 10 in the river bed 9, laying a flexible drainage water-proof film 11 on the wood board 10 to guide the water flow to the right side of the river bed 9, and sealing the connection part of the water-proof film 11 and the river bed 9;
(2) building a left weir body 4 after the left side of the riverbed 9 is dried, wherein a base 6 of the left weir body 4 is of a reinforced concrete structure and is built on bedrock of the riverbed 9, and a weir body is formed by pouring riverbed pebble mixed cement mortar;
(3) a compound rectangular weir crest 7 is constructed next to the left weir body 4, the compound rectangular weir crest 7 comprises two layers, namely a first layer of thin-wall weir crest 71 and a second layer of bricklayed weir crest 72 from bottom to top, a substrate 6 of the compound rectangular weir crest 7 is of a reinforced concrete structure and is constructed on bedrock of the riverbed 9;
specifically, when the basement 6 is constructed, reinforcing steel bars and templates are drilled and arranged on bedrock of the riverbed 9, and meanwhile, the stainless steel plate 73 is arranged at the first layer of thin-wall weir crest 71 to build a concrete bottom; removing the template after the concrete is solidified;
(4) after the left weir body 4 and the compound rectangular weir crest 7 are dried, installing a monitoring device 22 at the position, close to the compound rectangular weir crest 7, of the upstream of water flow, then placing the wood board 10 on the right side of the river bed 9 and the flexible drainage water-stop film 11 laid on the wood board on the right side of the river bed 9 on the left side of the river bed 9, guiding the water flow to the left side of the river bed 9, and sealing the connection part of the water-stop film 11 and the river bed;
(5) constructing a right weir body 5 after the right side of the riverbed 9 is dried, wherein a base 6 of the right weir body 5 is of a reinforced concrete structure and is constructed on a brook bedrock, and a weir body is formed by pouring riverbed pebble mixed cement mortar;
(6) and after the right weir body 5 is dried and solidified, taking out the wood board 10 and the water-resisting film 11.
After the construction of the compound rectangular flow weir 21 is completed, respectively measuring the width of a first layer of thin-wall weir crest 71, the width of a second layer of bricklaying weir crest 72, the maximum weir top height, the upstream height of a small weir corresponding to the first layer of thin-wall weir crest 71 and the upstream height of a large weir corresponding to the second layer of bricklaying weir crest 72; adopting different calculation modes according to the relation between the water level before the weir and the maximum weir top height; when the water level before the weir is smaller than the maximum weir top height, calculating the flow by adopting a formula (1), and when the water level before the weir is larger than the maximum weir top height, calculating the flow by adopting a formula (2);
wherein: q is flow rate, and the unit is per cubic meter per second; m is a flow coefficient; b is1The width of the first layer of thin-walled weir crest 71 in meters; b is2The width of the second course of bricklayed weir 72 is in meters; g is the acceleration of gravity; h is the water level in front of the weir, and the unit is meter; p1The upper bank height of the small weir corresponding to the first layer of thin-wall weir crest 71 is meter; h is1The maximum weir crest height is given in meters; p2The height of the upper bank of the large weir corresponding to the second layer of bricklaying weir crest 72 is measured in meters.
Further, identifying characteristics of the karst water-containing medium according to an attenuation coefficient α in the attenuation equation (3) of the flow rate of the underground river;
wherein: any time-t during the decay period; : onset of decay time-t0(ii) a flow-Q corresponding to time tt；t0flow-Q corresponding to time0The attenuation coefficient is- α;
the obtained attenuation coefficient is:
wherein α is in the range of n × 10-1～n×10-4。
Referring to the attached figure 5, due to the high heterogeneity of the karst water-containing medium, dynamically decomposing the attenuation of the karst water into a plurality of attenuation sections according to the attenuation coefficient value, and judging the water flow state of the karst water;
in section AB, the curve is steeper, the α value is larger, and the curve is at nx 10-1～n×10-2The sum of various drainage channels at the initial stage of flow attenuation is shown, but the water quantity mainly comes from the rapid drainage of large karst pipelines and underground rivers or caves, the flow rate of underground water is large, the flow attenuation is rapid, the duration is short, and the water flow is usually in a turbulent state only for days to tens of days;
the slope of the curve in the BC section is reduced compared with that in the AB section, and the α value is correspondingly reduced, generally at nx10-2～n×10-3To (c) to (d); the corresponding reflection shows that the water quantity from large karst pipelines and caves is limited, the water mainly drained from large cracks of karst and other karst cave crack systems is mainly drained, and the attenuation trend of the section can be kept for a longer period due to the reduction of the flow attenuation speed;
the CD section has a more gradual slope and a smaller α value, mostly n × 10-3～n×10-4Meanwhile, the method shows that the hydraulic gradient of the underground water is greatly slowed down, takes laminar flow as a main part and mainly drains water stored in tiny cracks, interlaminar cracks and joints; since the excretion rate is further slowed, the extension period is longer than the first two sub-dynamics;
DE section, curve tends to be horizontal, α value is minimum, and is generally n x 10-4Orders of magnitude or even smaller, correspond to a more stable drainage of water filled in the fine crevice system and the pores of the cavern filling.
The properties of the water storage space of the aquifer and the proportion of the water storage space to the total water storage can be analyzed by utilizing the underground river or the flow attenuation curve.
From dV ═ Qtdt (5)
When t is 0, V is 0 (6)
Therefore, it is
If the decay curve is superimposed by several sub-dynamic states, the sum of the integrals thereof should be the water storage capacity (V) of each sub-dynamic statei) For total water storage (V)0) The percentage of (A) is as follows:
example two
The method provided by the embodiment of the invention is adopted to predict the water inrush situation of the lotus town orchid cave and river basin system in real time.
The high-resolution hydrological monitoring method of the lotus town orchid tunnel dark river area system comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting geological data and tunnel line position data of a cotton rose town area, and performing primary analysis to determine a proper investigation area range; the geological conditions of cottonrose hibiscus towns are complex, karst and underground water develop strongly, the cottonrose hibiscus towns mainly pass through tunnels, the karst develops strongly, the underground water is rich, the possibility of water inrush of the tunnels exists, the environmental hydrogeological conditions are sensitive, and the cottonrose hibiscus towns are extremely high risk engineering;
(2) in field comprehensive investigation with the core of karst combination morphology in a cottonrose hibiscus town, finding out the development history of the karst, the type of karst water-containing (permeable) rock groups, the morphology and distribution characteristics of the karst landform, and the like in a research area, and determining an orchid cave dark river area system in the karst basin range influencing the tunnel;
(3) classifying the karst water system according to the divided basin systems, the defined watershed and the determined catchment area, determining that the two sub-basin systems are Konjac Bay sub-basins, and the catchment area is S1The water catchment area of the tidal bay basin is S2(ii) a The total flow of the orchid tunnel dark river basin system is Q, and the flow of the Konjac bay sub-basin is Q1The infiltration coefficient is delta1Peak lag timeCompartment β1Flow rate of the tidal bay subdomain is q2The infiltration coefficient is delta2Peak lag time β2；
(4) Setting a compound rectangular weir flow monitoring station in the sub-flow field system, wherein the compound rectangular weir flow monitoring station monitors rainfall, water flow, water temperature and water level data information;
(5) transmitting the monitored rainfall, water flow, water temperature and water level data information to a terminal processor for data processing, calculating infiltration coefficients, lag time and underground water runoff modulus for karst aqueous medium characteristic identification, and establishing a water burst prediction model for real-time water burst prediction of the orchid tunnel dark river area system.
Wherein the flow rate is q1、q2The total flow Q is the sum of the flows of the two sub-flow areas and is obtained by calculating the flow calculation formula (1) or (2) in the first embodiment; the infiltration coefficient is the ratio of the flow rate to the catchment area; the peak lag time is the difference between the peak appearance time of the orchid tunnel underground river basin and the peak appearance time of the sub-basin; the groundwater runoff modulus is the ratio of the total flow to the total catchment area.
According to data monitoring of an orchid cave dark river area system, different attenuation coefficients are obtained, referring to an attached drawing 10, the attenuation coefficient α of a first section of curve is 0.088(1/h), is the first sub-dynamic state in the attenuation curve and represents a large karst pipeline or cave with good connectivity, the attenuation coefficient of a second section of curve is 0.017(1/h), therefore, the discharge capacity of the large karst pipeline or cave accounts for 36.38% of the total discharge capacity, the water discharged by common karst cracks, construction cracks and pores accounts for 63.62% of the total discharge capacity, and the water storage space of the orchid cave karst underground dark river mainly comprises the corrosion cracks and small karst pipelines, and the large pipeline and the cave only account for 1/3 specific gravity of the whole water storage space.
Referring to fig. 11, the relationship between the rainfall and the flow of the orchid cave underground river basin system obtained by the method of the embodiment of the invention can predict the flow according to the rainfall.
In this document, the terms front, back, upper and lower are used to define the components in the drawings and the positions of the components relative to each other, and are used for clarity and convenience of the technical solution. It is to be understood that the use of the directional terms should not be taken to limit the scope of the claims.
The features of the embodiments and embodiments described herein above may be combined with each other without conflict.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (7)
1. A high-resolution hydrological monitoring method for a small watershed karst water system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) collecting geological data and tunnel line position data of an area where a target karst water system is located, and performing primary analysis to determine a proper investigation area range;
(2) carrying out field hydrogeological condition investigation in the investigation region range, determining the karst landform type, the karst development condition and the hydrogeological condition of the target region, dividing a basin system, delineating watershed and determining catchment area;
(3) according to the divided watershed systems, the defined watershed and the determined catchment area, the karst water system is divided in a grading manner, and a sub watershed system is determined;
(4) arranging a duplex rectangular weir flow monitoring station, a rainfall monitoring device or a drilling water level monitoring device in the watershed system and the sub-watershed system thereof, and monitoring rainfall, water flow, water temperature and water level data information;
(5) transmitting the monitored rainfall, water flow, water temperature and water level data information to a terminal processor for data processing, calculating infiltration coefficients, lag time and underground water runoff modulus for karst water-containing medium characteristic identification, and establishing a water inrush prediction model for real-time water inrush prediction on a karst water system;
the duplex rectangular weir flow monitoring station comprises a duplex rectangular flow weir and a monitoring device, the duplex rectangular flow weir comprises a left weir body, a right weir body and a base, the left weir body and the right weir body are of symmetrical structures, and the left weir body comprises a rectangular structure close to a river bank and a stepped rectangular structure; the left weir, the right weir and the base form a compound rectangular weir, and the monitoring device is located upstream of the compound rectangular weir;
the construction method of the compound rectangular flow weir comprises the following steps:
a. dividing the weir body into three parts including a left weir body, a compound rectangular weir crest and a right weir body, placing a wood board in the riverbed, paving a flexible drainage water-stop film on the wood board to guide water flow to the right side of the riverbed, and sealing the connection part of the water-stop film and the riverbed;
b. constructing a left weir body after the left side of the riverbed is dried, wherein the base of the left weir body is of a reinforced concrete structure and is constructed on the bedrock of the riverbed, and the weir body is formed by pouring riverbed pebble mixed cement mortar;
c. constructing a compound rectangular weir crest next to the left weir body, wherein the compound rectangular weir crest comprises two layers, namely a first layer of thin-wall weir crest and a second layer of bricklayed weir crest from bottom to top, and the base of the compound rectangular weir crest is of a reinforced concrete structure and is constructed on riverbed bedrock;
d. after the left weir body and the compound rectangular weir crest are dried and fixed, installing a monitoring device at the position, close to the compound rectangular weir crest, of the upstream of water flow, then placing the wood board on the right side of the riverbed and the flexible drainage water-stop film laid on the wood board on the right side of the riverbed on the left side of the riverbed, guiding the water flow to the left side of the riverbed, and sealing the connection part of the water-stop film and the riverbed;
e. constructing a right weir body after the right side of the riverbed is dried, wherein the base of the right weir body is of a reinforced concrete structure and is constructed on a brook bedrock, and the weir body is formed by pouring riverbed pebble mixed cement mortar;
f. and after the right weir body is dried and solidified, taking out the wood board and the water-resisting film.
2. The high resolution hydrological monitoring method for a small watershed karst water system according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the karst water system is classified into a single-stage karst watershed system, a double-stage karst watershed system or a multi-stage karst watershed system; the single-stage karst watershed system is a watershed system, the double-stage karst watershed system is two sub-watershed systems, and the multi-stage karst watershed system is a plurality of sub-watershed systems.
3. The high-resolution hydrological monitoring method for the small watershed karst water system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the monitoring step length of the monitoring device is 5min, the water level monitoring precision is 1mm, and the water flow and rainfall data information of each watershed system is obtained through the monitored water level change of the compound rectangular flow weir.
4. The high resolution hydrological monitoring method for a small watershed karst water system according to claim 1 or 3, wherein a water level monitoring device hole is dug at the upstream of the compound rectangular weir port, a stainless steel pipe is buried in the water level monitoring device hole, small holes are uniformly formed in the pipe body of the stainless steel pipe, and the monitoring device is installed in the stainless steel pipe; the outer diameter of the stainless steel pipe is 5cm, and the wall thickness is 4 mm.
5. The high resolution hydrological monitoring method of a small watershed karst water system according to claim 1, wherein the first layer of thin-walled weir crest is made of stainless steel plate; the thickness of the stainless steel plate is 3 mm-5 mm; the thickness of the second layer of bricklaying weir crest is 9 cm-11 cm.
6. The method for high resolution hydrological monitoring of a karst water system with small watershed as claimed in claim 1 or 5, wherein in the step (4), the water flow rate is calculated differently according to the relation between the water level before the weir and the maximum weir top height; when the water level before the weir is smaller than the maximum weir top height, calculating the flow by adopting a formula (1), and when the water level before the weir is larger than the maximum weir top height, calculating the flow by adopting a formula (2);
wherein: q is water flow, with units of per cubic meter per second; m is1、m2And m are flow coefficients; b is1The width of the first layer of thin-wall weir crest is measured in meters; b is2The width of the second layer of bricklaying weir crest is measured in meters; g is the acceleration of gravity; h is the water level in front of the weir, and the unit is meter; p1The upper bank height of the small weir corresponding to the first layer of thin-wall weir crest is measured in meters; h is1The maximum weir crest height is given in meters; p2The height of the upper bank of the large weir corresponding to the weir crest of the second layer of bricklaying is measured in meters.
7. The method for high resolution hydrological monitoring of a small watershed karst water system according to claim 1, wherein in step (5), the characteristics of the karst aqueous medium are identified by attenuation coefficient values in the river flow attenuation equation; the equation of the flow attenuation of the underground river is as follows:
wherein: any time-t during the decay period; : onset of decay time-t0(ii) a Water flow-Q corresponding to time tt；t0Water flow-Q corresponding to time0The attenuation coefficient is- α;
the obtained attenuation coefficient is:
wherein α is in the range of n × 10-1～n×10-4。
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| CN111397663B (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2022-10-21 | 河南省地质矿产勘查开发局第二地质环境调查院 | Method for judging development degree of karst according to temperature of underground water |
| CN112797958B (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2023-05-19 | 中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所 | Karst wetland water resource regulation and storage method based on karst underground river system |
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