CN109056638A - A kind of assembly type ecological intercepting facility and application method towards slope garden pollution of area source emission reduction - Google Patents

A kind of assembly type ecological intercepting facility and application method towards slope garden pollution of area source emission reduction Download PDF

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CN109056638A
CN109056638A CN201810823463.6A CN201810823463A CN109056638A CN 109056638 A CN109056638 A CN 109056638A CN 201810823463 A CN201810823463 A CN 201810823463A CN 109056638 A CN109056638 A CN 109056638A
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assembly type
biomass carbon
nutrient
dam
bank protection
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CN109056638B (en
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刘杨
冯彦房
薛利红
杨林章
刘晓宇
何世颖
侯朋福
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Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/10—Dams; Dykes; Sluice ways or other structures for dykes, dams, or the like
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
    • A01G24/13—Zeolites
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
    • Y02A10/11—Hard structures, e.g. dams, dykes or breakwaters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of assembly type ecological intercepting facility and application method towards slope garden pollution of area source emission reduction, including ecological bank protection and assembly type biomass carbon strengthen nutrient and intercept dam.The ecology bank protection is built by anti-corrosion carbonized wood, plants preferred grass seeds in bank protection bottom；The assembly type biomass carbon is strengthened nutrient interception dam and is made of strainer, zeolite, replaceable biomass carbon packet.The present invention plants the nitrogen phosphorus having more than needed using slope garden, promote the growth of ecological bank protection vegetation, strengthen nutrient using assembly type biomass carbon simultaneously and intercept rainfall, the nitrogen phosphorus in irrigation water that functionalization biomass carbon in dam and zeolite collect ecological bank protection and adsorb, replaceable biomass charcoal bag can be used as fertilizer for fruit-tree orchard plantation；Strengthen the physics interception function that nutrient intercepts dam convection current lost territory earth and moisture using the absorption and assembly type biomass carbon of ecological bank protection vegetation convection current lost territory earth and moisture, realizes the purpose of water and soil conservation.

Description

A kind of assembly type ecological intercepting facility towards slope garden pollution of area source emission reduction and make Use method
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical fields of slope garden pollution of area source emission reduction, and in particular to a kind of reduction slope garden face source Pollution and soil erosion, improve the assembly type ecological intercepting facility and application method of nutrientuse efficiency.
Background technique
Slope garden water and soil conservation
Soil erosion refers to that the natures such as precipitation or irrigation or human factor generate rainwash, washes away soil, causes moisture The phenomenon that being lost simultaneously with soil.Water and soil conservation is then the prevention and cure measures taken soil erosion.Soil erosion Main cause is that the gradient is excessive, ground vegetation is destroyed.Hillside fields since thickness of soil is thin, soil fertility is poor, severe water and soil erosion, It is difficult to use in cereal crops production, and is relatively suitable for planting fruit trees.However " hayashishita only is also easy to produce using fruit tree as surface vegetation Stream ", is unfavorable for water and soil conservation.Traditional soil and water conservation method mainly passes through kind of a grass planting class vegetation, can effectively reduce hillside fields fruit The soil erosion problem in garden, but careless class vegetation growth is very fast, manages and controls if be not added, easily causes overgrowth, further Occupy the more barren nutrient of slope soil.And to slope garden apply fertilizer (especially nitrogenous fertilizer), fertilizer easily pass through soil erosion into Enter waters, to cause pollution of area source.Therefore, slope garden needs to take into account water and soil conservation and optimization nutrien utilization.Purport of the present invention Combining a variety of ecological and ergonomic methods, less input do not increase environmental risk in the case where, reach and promote hillside fields fruit Garden water and soil conservation, the purpose for optimizing slope garden nutrien utilization.
Orchard pollution of area source nitrogen phosphorus emission reduction
China is one of fertilizer, especially nitrogenous fertilizer and the highest country of phosphate fertilizer use intensity, and nutrien utilization effect in the world Rate is relatively low, and nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer irrational utilization not only increase planting cost, also easily leads to the environment such as pollution of area source, underground water pollution Negative effect.Therefore, China proposes the target of " weight-reducing subtracts medicine ", plans Fertilizer application zero growth rate to 2020.To reach this target, And keep the agricultural product not underproduction, it is necessary to optimize nutrientuse efficiency.The universal soil-ripening degree of slope garden is poor, soil fertility is barren, Soil nutrient content is relatively low, to utilize this part land resource, it is necessary to put into fertilizer.It data show, Chinese orchard fertilising is strong To spend higher, amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer is even more than 1000kg/ha, considerably beyond the upper limit 200kg/ha of fertilization recommendation, and slope garden Retain water and nutrients ability is generally poor, and with slope garden soil erosion, excessive nutrient easily enters water body, to cause Pollution of area source.Therefore, the present invention intercepts the excessive nitrogenous fertilizer of slope garden and phosphate fertilizer, and by constructing ecological bank protection vegetation with green The form of fertilizer is used for production of fruit trees.Meanwhile nutrient is strengthened by building assembly type biomass carbon and intercepts dam, using functional biological matter Nitrogen phosphorus in charcoal convection current dehydration soil is adsorbed, and the biomass carbon after the completion of adsorbing is equally used for production of fruit trees, to reach nutrient The purpose recycled, minimally reduces nutrient loss.
Biomass carbon technology and its functionalization
Biomass carbon is biomass under complete or partial anoxia condition, and a kind of phosphorus content generated through high temperature pyrolysis is rich Organic substance rich, property is stable.Biomass carbon has many characteristics, such as porous structure, low bulk density, high ph-values, is used extensively in recent years In improving soil hardening, acid soil is improved, improves soil carbon sequestration etc., it is considered to be a kind of excellent soil conditioner.By In with biggish specific surface area and higher carbon-nitrogen ratio, biomass carbon has preferable adsorption capacity to nitrogen, but by biomass carbon The limitation of material self property is prepared, biomass carbon is weaker to the adsorption capacity of certain specific ions (such as phosphate anion).For Biomass carbon is improved to the adsorption capacity of specific ion, increases the use scope of biomass carbon, existing research begin trying using Loaded metal ion, soda acid impregnating chemical method carry out functionalization improvement to biomass carbon.The invention is intended to use biomass Charcoal adsorbs the nitrogen phosphorus in slope garden runoff, and traditional biomass charcoal is stronger to the adsorption capacity of nitrogen, the absorption to phosphorus Ability is weaker, and therefore, the present invention carries out functionalization to biomass carbon by loaded metal ion (magnesium iron), improves its suction to phosphorus Attached ability.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome drawbacks described above, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to multinomial ecological and engineering science the sides of synthesis Method constructs assembly type ecological intercepting facility and application method towards slope garden pollution of area source emission reduction, realizes and promotes hillside fields fruit Garden water and soil conservation, the purpose for optimizing slope garden nutrien utilization.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a kind of assembly type ecology towards slope garden pollution of area source emission reduction Facility is intercepted, strengthens nutrient interception dam including ecological bank protection and the assembly type biomass carbon for being installed on ecological bank protection end；It is described Ecological bank protection is built by anti-corrosion carbonized wood, in ecological bank protection bottom kind grass planting class vegetation；The assembly type biomass carbon, which is strengthened, supports Point interception dam is made of the preposition grid strainer that is set in sequence, replaceable biomass charcoal bag, zeolite layer；Each assembly type ecology is blocked Cutting facility catchment area is 100-200 square metres.
Ecological bank protection is arranged along the gutter of slope garden；Assembly type biomass carbon strengthens nutrient and intercepts dam positioned at ecology shield Dike end is not contacted with careless class vegetation；Careless class vegetation is planted in bank protection bottom (having soil), and intercepting dam is in ecological bank protection end Diameter stream carries out interception absorption.
The careless class vegetation includes leguminous plant and Mexican jade spartina, vetiver, and careless class vegetation does not include hygrophilous Or water plant, leguminous plant are alfalfa, Chinese milk vetch, the one or more of white clover；Careless class thickness of sowing is 5-50 Grain/m2, it is roughly equal to 0.5-5kg/ mus；When slope trench depth is less than or equal to 60cm, leguminous plant is only planted, slope trench depth is greater than 60cm When, in addition to planting leguminous plant, can breed Mexican jade spartina and vetiver, the breeding ratio of Mexican jade spartina and vetiver Not higher than 20%.
The assembly type biomass carbon is strengthened nutrient interception dam and is made of PVC material；The assembly type biomass carbon is strengthened The sizing grid that nutrient intercepts the preposition grid strainer on dam is less than 0.5cm；The assembly type biomass carbon strengthens nutrient and intercepts dam With biomass carbon slot, for placing replaceable biomass charcoal bag, the nitrogen phosphorus in slope garden runoff is carried out to continue absorption, it is raw Substance charcoal bag is 20-100 mesh using the aperture of plastic wire；The assembly type biomass carbon strengthens the biomass carbon that nutrient intercepts dam Packet is replaced between the month in spring 4-5.
The preparation method that the assembly type biomass carbon strengthens biomass carbon in nutrient interception dam is as follows: 1) trimming orchard The branch of acquisition or weeds are collected, and air-dry, and crush, and then impregnate biological material using magnesium chloride and chlorination iron mixed solution The molar ratio of material, magnesium elements and ferro element is 1:1, while magnesium elements add the material ratio of ferro element and biomass dry matter to be 1: 10-1:100w/w；2) then the mixture drained is carbonized under limited oxygen condition, carbonization temperature is 400-600 DEG C, is stopped Time is 1-3h；3) magnesium of preparation-iron nanometer improvement biomass carbon is placed in biomass charcoal bag.
The zeolite is placed on above biomass carbon slot；Wherein the volume ratio of zeolite and biomass carbon is between 1:10-1:1 Between, the adjusting of volume ratio is carried out according to nutrient content in draining.
Vegetation in ecological bank protection is cleared up between the annual 10-12 month, and the vegetation that will acquire is used as green manure, is applied to orchard soil Earth, for improving soil fertility condition.
Assembly type biomass carbon strengthens nutrient and intercepts dam crest portion equipped with handle；Filter is equipped between zeolite layer and biomass carbon slot Net；Adsorption material hopper is additionally provided with below zeolite layer, adsorption material hopper is connected to preposition water inlet；The assembly type biomass carbon is strong Change nutrient interception dam and is additionally provided with postposition water outlet, inter-module hasp.Preposition water inlet is connected to preposition grid strainer.
A kind of application method of the assembly type ecological intercepting facility towards slope garden pollution of area source emission reduction, feature exist In: in ecological bank protection bottom kind grass planting class vegetation, strengthens nutrient in ecological bank protection end mounting assembly formula biomass carbon and intercept dam, Assembly type biomass carbon strengthens nutrient and intercepts placement biomass charcoal bag in dam；Periodically harvest bank protection grass class is used as green manure, periodically more Biomass charcoal bag is changed, the fertilizer as planting fruit trees；Periodic cleaning assembly type biomass carbon strengthens the grid filter that nutrient intercepts dam Net and its deposit of interception.
Preferably, the ecological bank protection vegetation, selects leguminous plant alfalfa, is harvested December, as green manure It is applied under fruit-tree orchard.
Preferably, the assembly type biomass carbon strengthens nutrient interception dam according to design drawing component composition, assembly type biology Matter charcoal strengthens nutrient and intercepts the every 2 months cleaning primary filter screens in dam and intercept soil.
Preferably, the assembly type biomass carbon strengthens the biomass carbon in nutrient interception dam, prepares material and repairs for orchard Cut branch or the weeds of acquisition.
Preferably, the assembly type biomass carbon strengthens the biomass carbon in nutrient interception dam, the preparation method comprises the following steps: by orchard It trims the branch obtained or weeds is collected, air-dry, crush, then impregnated using magnesium chloride and chlorination iron mixed solution, magnesium The molar ratio of element and ferro element is 1:1, while magnesium elements add the material ratio of ferro element and biomass dry matter to be 1:50 (w/ w)；The mixture drained is carbonized under limited oxygen condition, carbonization temperature is 500 DEG C, residence time 2h.
Preferably, the assembly type biomass carbon strengthens the biomass charcoal bag that nutrient intercepts dam, is made of nylon wire, mesh Size is 100 mesh.
Compared with the existing technology, the invention has the benefit that
1) present invention comprehensively utilizes ecological bank protection and assembly type biomass carbon strengthens nutrient and intercepts two, dam technology, can be effective Slope garden soil erosion is reduced, realizes the mesh of pollution of area source emission reduction, soil improvement and fertility promotion, orchard changing rejected material to useful resource , and maintenance cost is lower, no ill-effect.
2) slope garden soil layer is relatively thin, and surface vegetation is less, and the gradient is larger, is also easy to produce serious soil erosion.We Face comprehensively utilizes ecological bank protection and assembly type biomass carbon strengthens nutrient and intercepts two, dam technology, passes through the careless class in ecological bank protection Vegetation convection current dehydration soil carries out fixing utilization, while strengthening nutrient using assembly type biomass carbon and intercepting the progress of dam convection current dehydration soil Physics intercepts, and can effectively reduce the soil erosion of slope garden.
3) the universal fertility of slope garden is lower, and increase fertilising easily leads to fertilizer and enters water body with soil erosion to cause Pollution of area source risk.The present invention comprehensively utilizes ecological bank protection and assembly type biomass carbon strengthens nutrient and intercepts two, dam technology, can Orchard nitrogen phosphorus more than needed is efficiently used, the growth of ecological bank protection vegetation is promoted.Ecological bank protection vegetation is advanced to the nitrogen phosphorus in runoff Row is absorbed and utilized, and unabsorbed nitrogen phosphorus, can strengthen nutrient interception dam by assembly type biomass carbon and be intercepted and adsorbed.From And reach reduction nitrogen and phosphorus loss, reduce the purpose of the environmental risks such as pollution of area source.
4) ecological bank protection vegetation preferably has the leguminous plant of nitrogen fixing capacity, and is periodically harvested, in the form of green manure It is applied to orchard.Strengthen the biomass charcoal bag in nutrient interception dam using assembly type biomass carbon to intercept nitrogen phosphorus more than needed After absorption, the biomass carbon for completing absorption is applied to orchard as fertilizer, and the raw material of biomass carbon mostlys come from orchard Dead twigs and withered leaves, therefore the present invention can optimize the carbon nitrogen cycle of slope garden, promote the growth of fruit-tree orchard.
5) more dead twigs and withered leaves can be generated in slope garden planting process, since dead twigs and withered leaves decomposition rate is slower, often It is disposed by the way of burning or abandoning, additional burden is brought to environment.The present invention utilizes biomass carbon technology, will be withered Branch loses leaf as raw material and prepares biomass carbon and carry out functionalization by load magnesium iron ion, and the biomass carbon after functionalization has Soil enzyme activities and bio-diversity are improved, the adsorption capacity to anion (such as phosphate radical, nitrate anion) is increased.Orchard can be achieved The purpose of changing rejected material to useful resource advanced optimizes the Nutrient Cycling and sustainability of slope garden, and without environmental risk.
6) assembly type biomass carbon provided by the invention strengthens the design that nutrient intercepts dam, can be additional according to actual needs Increase adsorption module, provides application foundation for heavy metal pollution region and organic pollution region for the present invention.
To sum up, a kind of assembly type ecological intercepting facility towards slope garden pollution of area source emission reduction proposed by the present invention and make With method, water and soil conservation is realized, reduces environmental risk, optimizes nutrien utilization, meets the theory of sustainable development.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is influence schematic diagram of the biomass carbon returning to the field to hillside fields peach garden yield；
Fig. 2 is the assembly type ecological intercepting facility towards slope garden pollution of area source emission reduction to hillside fields peach garden soil organic matter With the influence schematic diagram of total soil nitrogen；
Fig. 3 is the effect schematic diagram that biomass carbon adsorbs nitrogen phosphorus；
Fig. 4 is effect schematic diagram of the biomass carbon to soil water evaporation；
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the assembly type ecological intercepting facility towards slope garden pollution of area source emission reduction；
Fig. 6 is that assembly type biomass carbon is strengthened in the assembly type ecological intercepting facility towards slope garden pollution of area source emission reduction The schematic diagram on nutrient interception dam；
Fig. 7 is the positional relationship of assembly type ecological intercepting facility towards slope garden pollution of area source emission reduction, slope garden Figure.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention will be further explained.
A kind of assembly type ecological intercepting facility towards slope garden pollution of area source emission reduction is more in conjunction with ecological and engineering science Kind of method, while reaching water and soil conservation and optimizing the target of nutrien utilization has the characteristics that less investment, at low cost, sustainable.Such as Shown in Fig. 5-6.
(1) the assembly type ecological intercepting facility provided by the invention towards slope garden pollution of area source emission reduction, including two Main function: one is water and soil conservation；Two be optimization Nutrient Cycling.
(2) water and soil conservation mainly passes through ecological bank protection vegetation and assembly type biomass carbon strengthens nutrient and intercepts dam realization.It is raw The root system of state bank protection vegetation plays runoff and soil to absorb attachment, while ecological bank protection Vegetation canopy can reduce precipitation pair The sputter of earth's surface.Assembly type biomass carbon strengthens nutrient and intercepts dam to the husky progress physics interception of slope runoff generation production, by periodically clear Reason, can effectively reduce soil erosion.
(3) optimization Nutrient Cycling mainly passes through ecological bank protection vegetation and assembly type biomass carbon strengthens nutrient and intercepts dam reality It is existing.Ecological bank protection vegetation is applied to orchard by absorbing to nitrogen phosphorus in the form of green manure.Assembly type biomass carbon is strengthened Nutrient intercepts dam and is adsorbed by built-in replaceable biomass charcoal bag to nitrogen phosphorus, and orchard is applied in the form of fertilizer, To achieve the purpose that optimize Nutrient Cycling.
A kind of assembly type ecological intercepting facility towards slope garden pollution of area source emission reduction, including ecological bank protection and assembly type Biomass carbon strengthens nutrient and intercepts dam.The ecology bank protection is built by anti-corrosion carbonized wood, plants preferred grass seeds in bank protection bottom；Institute It states assembly type biomass carbon reinforcing nutrient interception dam to be made of strainer, zeolite, replaceable biomass carbon packet, and can be according to practical need Increase component is sought, each blocking apparatus catchment area is 100-200 square metres.
Ecological bank protection is built by anti-corrosion carbonized wood, in ecological bank protection bottom kind grass planting class vegetation, for intercepting and absorbing fruit Garden nitrogen phosphorus more than needed, while soil is held, reduce soil erosion.Alternative vegetation includes leguminous plant (alfalfa, purple cloud English, white clover etc.) and Mexican jade spartina, vetiver, hygrophilous or water plant can not be planted.Careless class thickness of sowing is in 5- 50/m2, it is roughly equal to 0.5-5kg/ mus.When slope trench depth is less than 60cm, only planting leguminous plant can match when depth is greater than 60cm Kind Mexican jade spartina and vetiver, breeding ratio are not higher than 20%.
Strengthen nutrient in ecological bank protection end mounting assembly formula biomass carbon and intercept dam: the assembly type biomass carbon is strengthened Nutrient intercepts dam and is made of PVC material；The assembly type biomass carbon strengthens the grid that nutrient intercepts the preposition grid strainer on dam Size is less than 0.5cm；The assembly type biomass carbon strengthens nutrient and intercepts dam with biomass carbon slot, for placing replaceable life Substance charcoal bag carries out the nitrogen phosphorus in slope garden runoff to continue absorption, and biomass charcoal bag (uses plastic wire using plastic wire Pack biomass carbon) aperture be 20-100 mesh；The assembly type biomass carbon strengthens the biomass charcoal bag that nutrient intercepts dam, spring It is replaced between the month in season 4-5, and the biomass carbon after saturation absorption is applied in slope garden soil, as soil conditioner, with Promote soil fertility, improvement soil texture.
The preparation method that the assembly type biomass carbon strengthens biomass carbon in nutrient interception dam is as follows: 1) trimming orchard The branch of acquisition or weeds are collected, and air-dry, and crush, and then impregnate biological material using magnesium chloride and chlorination iron mixed solution The molar ratio of material, magnesium elements and ferro element is 1:1, while magnesium elements add the material ratio of ferro element and biomass dry matter to be 1: 10-1:100(w/w)；2) then the mixture drained is carbonized under limited oxygen condition, carbonization temperature is 400-600 DEG C, is stopped Staying the time is 1-3h；3) magnesium of preparation-iron nanometer improvement biomass carbon is placed in biomass charcoal bag, is mainly used for absorption and intercepts The anion nutrients such as nitrate nitrogen and phosphate radical in the draining of orchard.
The assembly type biomass carbon strengthens nutrient and intercepts dam, and a certain amount of zeolite need to be placed above biomass carbon slot, For further Liquidity limit nutrient such as ammonium root, while can realize prevents biomass charcoal bag from floating and influencing its adsorption efficiency Problem.Wherein the volume ratio of zeolite and biomass carbon can carry out the tune of ratio between 1:10-1:1 according to nutrient content in draining Section.
Vegetation in ecological bank protection is cleared up between the annual 10-12 month, and the vegetation that will acquire is used as green manure, is applied to orchard soil Earth, for improving soil fertility condition.
Assembly type biomass carbon strengthens nutrient interception dam and is additionally provided with preposition water inlet d, postposition water outlet e, inter-module hasp f (for connecting each component).Assembly type biomass carbon strengthens nutrient and intercepts dam crest portion equipped with handle a；Zeolite layer b and biomass carbon Strainer g is equipped between slot c；Adsorption material hopper i is additionally provided with below zeolite layer, adsorption material hopper is connected to preposition water inlet；Prepositional case Grid strainer h is connected to preposition water inlet.Adsorption material hopper and biomass carbon slot can be arranged side by side.Postposition water outlet is located in zeolite layer Side.
A kind of assembly type ecological intercepting facility towards slope garden pollution of area source emission reduction, processing method are as follows: in ecology The selected careless class of bank protection bottom plantation, in bank protection end, mounting assembly formula biomass carbon strengthens nutrient interception dam, assembly type biomass Charcoal strengthens nutrient and intercepts placement biomass charcoal bag in dam.Periodically harvest bank protection grass class is used as green manure, regularly replaces biomass charcoal bag, Planting fruit trees are used for as fertilizer.Periodic cleaning assembly type biomass carbon strengthens grid strainer and its interception that nutrient intercepts dam Deposit.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment has investigated the assembly type ecological intercepting facility towards slope garden pollution of area source emission reduction in Nanjing river Application effect in the peaceful area street Tang Shan hillside fields peach garden.The gradient of slope garden be 12 °, length of grade 30m, peach spacing be 4m × 4m, dose are about 800kg/ha (in the form of compound fertilizer).The ecological wide 80cm of bank protection, deep 30cm.Ecological bank protection vegetation is pale reddish brown Clover.The method according to the invention, building assembly type biomass carbon strengthens nutrient and intercepts dam, and is installed on ecological bank protection end, It is the branch or weeds that orchard trimming obtains that assembly type biomass carbon, which strengthens nutrient to intercept the biomass carbon that dam uses, at 500 DEG C Under the conditions of fire.The magnesium in commonsense method (BC) and preferred method-iron nanometer improvement biomass is respectively adopted in preparation method Charcoal (A-BC).The basic physical and chemical of two kinds of biomass carbons is as shown in table 1, makes biomass charcoal bag using 100 mesh nylon wires, will Biomass charcoal bag is placed in assembly type biomass carbon and strengthens nutrient interception dam.It is set using the ecological intercepting of common biomass carbon altogether Facility (EF) and without using control (CK) two of ecological intercepting facility processing.
1 biomass carbon basic physical and chemical of table
Influence of the embodiment 2 to slope garden yield
The present embodiment has investigated the assembly type ecological intercepting facility towards slope garden pollution of area source emission reduction to slope garden The influence of yield.The present embodiment concrete operations mode is similar to Example 1.Ecological intercepting facility produces the peach in peach garden as the result is shown Amount plays a driving role, and compared to control of the invention is not used, the present invention can make peach yield increase by 12.7% (Fig. 1).
Influence of the embodiment 3 to slope garden runoff and sediment
The present embodiment has investigated the assembly type ecological intercepting facility towards slope garden pollution of area source emission reduction to slope garden Yield produces husky influence.The present embodiment concrete operations mode is similar to Example 1.Using the consistent processing of embodiment 1, observation is originally Influence of the invention to slope garden runoff and sediment.The results show that this method significantly inhibits work to the runoff and sediment of slope garden With year runoff and sediment yield reduces 68% and 72% compared to control respectively, shows that the present invention facilitates the water and soil of slope garden It keeps.
Influence of the embodiment 4 to slope garden SOIL CARBON AND NITROGEN content
The present embodiment has investigated the assembly type ecological intercepting facility towards slope garden pollution of area source emission reduction to slope garden The influence of SOIL CARBON AND NITROGEN content.The present embodiment concrete operations mode is similar to Example 1.Using the consistent processing of embodiment 1, see Survey influence of the present invention to slope garden SOIL CARBON AND NITROGEN content.As the result is shown this method dramatically increase slope garden soil it is organic Carbon content and total nitrogen content of soil, compared to control, soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content of soil improve 55.9% and 84.9%, Show that the present invention is conducive to slope garden soil-ripening and nutrient cycling and utilization (Fig. 2).
The effect that 5 biomass carbon of embodiment adsorbs nitrogen phosphorus
The present embodiment has investigated common biomass carbon (BC) and magnesium-iron nanometer improvement biomass carbon (A-BC) to simulation hillside fields The effect that nitrogen phosphorus adsorbs in the runoff of orchard.The total nitrogen and total phosphorus content for simulating slope garden runoff are respectively 140 and 3.2mg/L, It is filtered after adsorbing 2h to runoff simulation using the BC and A-BC of 1%w/w, measures the total nitrogen of solution and total phosphorus after adsorbing and contain Amount.The results show that two kinds of biomass carbons have preferable adsorption capacity to the total nitrogen in water.Compared to control, BC and A-BC absorption Total nitrogen decline 21.4% and 17.9% in runoff simulation afterwards.Since phosphorus content is higher in BC, compared to control, BC processing causes total Phosphorus content increases by 25.1%, and A-BC is preferable to the adsorption capacity of phosphorus, compared to control, can reduce total phosphorus content 34.4% (Fig. 3).
Effect of 6 biomass carbon of embodiment to soil water evaporation
The present embodiment has investigated common biomass carbon (BC) and magnesium-iron nanometer improvement biomass carbon (A-BC) to slope garden The influence (Fig. 4) of soil moisture.Using diameter 5.4cm, the aluminium box of high 3.2cm makes miniature earth pillar.Each earth pillar fills the slope 40g Ground orchard soil, biomass carbon amount of application are 2%w/w, and soil mixes sufficiently with biomass carbon, using not applying biomass carbon Three repetitions are arranged as control (CK), each processing in processing.Each earth pillar adds 20mL deionized water, and every 12h observation is primary Earth pillar weight, weight difference is soil water evaporation amount twice.The results show that under two kinds of biomass carbon processing, soil water evaporation Be below control, using first _ order kinetics equation simulate soil water evaporation curve, obtain Water evaporation rate, CK, BC, The evaporation rate of A-BC, respectively 0.011,0.009 and 0.008%/h.Show that slope garden soil can be slowed down by applying biomass carbon Earth moisture evaporation rate is irrigated, the purpose to conserve water and soil to reach reduction.
The basic principles, main features and advantages of the invention have been shown and described above.The technical staff of the industry should Understand, the above embodiments do not limit the invention in any form, all obtained by the way of equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation Technical solution is fallen within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of assembly type ecological intercepting facility towards slope garden pollution of area source emission reduction, it is characterised in that: protected including ecology Dike and the assembly type biomass carbon for being installed on ecological bank protection end strengthen nutrient and intercept dam；The ecology bank protection is by anti-corrosion carbonized wood It is built into, in ecological bank protection bottom kind grass planting class vegetation；The assembly type biomass carbon strengthens nutrient and intercepts dam by being set in sequence Preposition grid strainer, replaceable biomass charcoal bag, zeolite layer composition；Each assembly type ecological intercepting facility catchment area is 100- 200 square metres.
2. a kind of assembly type ecological intercepting facility towards slope garden pollution of area source emission reduction according to claim 1, Be characterized in that: the careless class vegetation includes leguminous plant and Mexican jade spartina, vetiver, and careless class vegetation does not include hygrophilous Or water plant, leguminous plant are alfalfa, Chinese milk vetch, the one or more of white clover；Careless class thickness of sowing is 5-50 Grain/m2, it is roughly equal to kg/ mus of 0.5-5；When slope trench depth is less than or equal to 60 cm, leguminous plant is only planted, slope trench depth is greater than 60 When cm, in addition to planting leguminous plant, can breed Mexican jade spartina and vetiver, the breeding ratio of Mexican jade spartina and vetiver Example is not higher than 20%.
3. a kind of ecological intercepting facility towards slope garden pollution of area source emission reduction according to claim 1, feature exist In: the assembly type biomass carbon is strengthened nutrient interception dam and is made of PVC material；The assembly type biomass carbon is strengthened nutrient and is blocked The sizing grid of the preposition grid strainer on dam is cut less than 0.5 cm；The assembly type biomass carbon strengthens nutrient and intercepts dam with life Substance charcoal slot carries out the nitrogen phosphorus in slope garden runoff to continue absorption, biomass carbon for placing replaceable biomass charcoal bag Packet is 20-100 mesh using the aperture of plastic wire；The assembly type biomass carbon strengthens the biomass charcoal bag that nutrient intercepts dam, spring It is replaced between the month in season 4-5.
4. a kind of ecological intercepting facility towards slope garden pollution of area source emission reduction according to claim 1, feature exist In: the preparation method that the assembly type biomass carbon strengthens biomass carbon in nutrient interception dam is as follows: 1) trimming orchard and obtain Branch or weeds be collected, air-dry, crush, then impregnate biological material using magnesium chloride and chlorination iron mixed solution, The molar ratio of magnesium elements and ferro element is 1:1, while magnesium elements add the material ratio of ferro element and biomass dry matter to be 1:10-1: 100w/w；2) then the mixture drained is carbonized under limited oxygen condition, carbonization temperature 400-600oC, residence time For 1-3h；3) magnesium of preparation-iron nanometer improvement biomass carbon is placed in biomass charcoal bag.
5. a kind of ecological intercepting facility towards slope garden pollution of area source emission reduction according to claim 3, feature exist In: the zeolite is placed on above biomass carbon slot；Wherein the volume ratio of zeolite and biomass carbon is between 1:10-1:1, The adjusting of volume ratio is carried out according to nutrient content in draining.
6. a kind of assembly type ecological intercepting facility towards slope garden pollution of area source emission reduction according to claim 1, Be characterized in that: vegetation in ecological bank protection is cleared up between the annual 10-12 month, and the vegetation that will acquire is used as green manure, is applied to orchard Soil, for improving soil fertility condition.
7. a kind of assembly type ecological intercepting facility towards slope garden pollution of area source emission reduction according to claim 3, Be characterized in that: assembly type biomass carbon strengthens nutrient and intercepts dam crest portion equipped with handle；It is equipped between zeolite layer and biomass carbon slot Strainer；Adsorption material hopper is additionally provided with below zeolite layer, adsorption material hopper is connected to preposition water inlet；The assembly type biomass carbon Strengthen nutrient interception dam and is additionally provided with postposition water outlet, inter-module hasp.
8. a kind of described in any item assembly type ecological intercepting facilities towards slope garden pollution of area source emission reduction of claim 1-7 Application method, it is characterised in that: in ecological bank protection bottom kind grass planting class vegetation, in ecological bank protection end mounting assembly formula biology Matter charcoal strengthens nutrient and intercepts dam, and assembly type biomass carbon strengthens nutrient and intercepts placement biomass charcoal bag in dam；Periodically harvest bank protection Careless class is used as green manure, regularly replaces biomass charcoal bag, the fertilizer as planting fruit trees；Periodic cleaning assembly type biomass carbon is strengthened Nutrient intercepts the grid strainer on dam and its deposit of interception.
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CN108083251A (en) * 2017-12-04 2018-05-29 广东省生态环境技术研究所 It is a kind of to improve Soil Nitrogen, the modification biological charcoal and its preparation method and application of phosphorus absorption property
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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EP1080273A1 (en) * 1998-05-16 2001-03-07 Coventry University Water flow control system
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CN104718835A (en) * 2015-02-15 2015-06-24 河北联合大学 Method for assisting in ecological restoration of tailings through alfalfa green manure and planting alfalfa
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