CN109054949B - Lubricant, method for preparing the same, and method for reducing viscosity of fluid - Google Patents

Lubricant, method for preparing the same, and method for reducing viscosity of fluid Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109054949B
CN109054949B CN201810948160.7A CN201810948160A CN109054949B CN 109054949 B CN109054949 B CN 109054949B CN 201810948160 A CN201810948160 A CN 201810948160A CN 109054949 B CN109054949 B CN 109054949B
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lubricant
matrix
carbon material
dimensional carbon
molecules
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CN109054949A (en
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马丽然
尹延超
温诗铸
雒建斌
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Tsinghua University
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Tsinghua University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/04—Elements
    • C10M2201/041—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/022—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least two hydroxy groups
    • C10M2207/0225—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least two hydroxy groups used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure

Abstract

The invention discloses a lubricant, which comprises a lubricant matrix and a three-dimensional carbon material, wherein the lubricant matrix and the three-dimensional carbon material are uniformly and physically mixed, the lubricant matrix is liquid, molecules of the lubricant matrix can be connected through hydrogen bonds, and the three-dimensional carbon material is used for breaking the hydrogen bonds among the molecules of the lubricant matrix. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the lubricant, which comprises the following steps: providing the lubricant matrix; providing the three-dimensional carbon material; and uniformly mixing the lubricant matrix with the three-dimensional carbon material. The invention also discloses a method for reducing the viscosity of the fluid, which comprises the following steps: providing a fluid matrix, molecules of the fluid matrix being capable of hydrogen bonding; providing a three-dimensional carbon material; and uniformly physically mixing the fluid matrix with the three-dimensional carbon material to break the hydrogen bonds between molecules of the lubricant matrix.

Description

Lubricant, method for preparing the same, and method for reducing viscosity of fluid
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of friction, in particular to a lubricant, a preparation method thereof and a method for reducing the viscosity of fluid.
Background
The lubricant is a lubricating medium for reducing the frictional resistance of the friction pair and slowing down the abrasion of the friction pair. In the using process, the lubricant can form a film between friction surfaces to isolate or partially isolate the friction contact surfaces which are mutually contacted, thereby realizing the reduction of friction, prolonging the service life of mechanical parts and reducing the friction energy consumption. The viscosity is one of the important evaluation indexes for quality identification and application determination of the lubricant. The viscosity of the lubricant should not be too high, and at the beginning of mechanical start, the viscosity of the lubricant is too high, which causes large energy consumption.
At present, the viscosity is reduced by a chemical method, and various chemical viscosity reducers are produced at the same time. However, the viscosity reduction by a chemical method can change the chemical components and the composition structure of the lubricant, change the acidity and the alkalinity of the lubricant, generate different degrees of corrosion to mechanical parts in the using process, reduce the service life of the parts and attach chemical substances harmful to the environment.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, there is a need for a lubricant with low viscosity that does not alter the original chemistry of the lubricant, a method of making the same, and a method of reducing the viscosity of a fluid.
A lubricant comprising a lubricant matrix and a three-dimensional carbon material, the lubricant matrix being homogeneously physically mixed with the three-dimensional carbon material, the lubricant matrix being a liquid, molecules of the lubricant matrix being capable of bonding by hydrogen bonds, the three-dimensional carbon material serving to break the hydrogen bonds between the molecules of the lubricant matrix.
A lubricant comprising a lubricant matrix and a three-dimensional carbon material, the lubricant matrix being homogeneously physically mixed with the three-dimensional carbon material, the lubricant matrix comprising a polyhydric alcohol having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms.
In one embodiment, the lubricant base includes one or more of glycerol, 1, 3-propanediol, 2-methylpropanediol, pentaerythritol, ethylene glycol, mannitol.
In one embodiment, the three-dimensional carbon material includes graphite powder.
In one embodiment, the mass ratio of the lubricant matrix to the three-dimensional carbon material is 200 to 2000.
In one embodiment, the three-dimensional carbon material has an average particle size of less than 30 nm.
The preparation method of the lubricant comprises the following steps:
providing the lubricant matrix;
providing the three-dimensional carbon material; and
and uniformly mixing the lubricant matrix and the three-dimensional carbon material.
In one embodiment, the lubricant matrix is mixed with the three-dimensional carbon material by ultrasonic agitation.
In one embodiment, the power of the ultrasonic oscillation is 50W-150W.
In one embodiment, the time of the ultrasonic oscillation is 2 hours to 12 hours.
In one embodiment, the ambient temperature during mixing is 20 ℃ to 40 ℃.
A method of reducing the viscosity of a fluid comprising the steps of:
providing a fluid matrix, molecules of the fluid matrix being capable of hydrogen bonding;
providing a three-dimensional carbon material; and
uniformly physically mixing the fluid matrix with the three-dimensional carbon material to break the hydrogen bonds between molecules of the lubricant matrix.
The molecules of the lubricant matrix or the fluid matrix can be connected through hydrogen bonds to form intermolecular interaction force, and clusters are formed among the molecules under the action of the intermolecular interaction force. The three-dimensional carbon material is capable of physically adsorbing molecules of the lubricant matrix or the fluid matrix, thereby forming a spatial interval in a molecular cluster by the adsorption of the three-dimensional carbon atoms, breaking hydrogen bonds between the molecules, and breaking the cluster into a plurality of small molecules or reducing the size of the cluster, thereby reducing the viscosity of the lubricant matrix, and obtaining a lubricant or a fluid with low viscosity.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of test data for viscosity as a function of shear rate for lubricants of examples 1-5 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the lubricant, the preparation method thereof and the method for reducing the viscosity of the fluid of the present invention are further described in detail by the following examples, which are combined with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a lubricant, which comprises a lubricant matrix and a three-dimensional carbon material, wherein the lubricant matrix and the three-dimensional carbon material are uniformly and physically mixed, the lubricant matrix is liquid, molecules of the lubricant matrix can be connected through hydrogen bonds, and the three-dimensional carbon material is used for breaking the hydrogen bonds between the molecules of the lubricant matrix.
Molecules of the lubricant matrix disclosed by the embodiment of the invention can be connected through hydrogen bonds to form intermolecular interaction force, and clusters are formed among the molecules under the action of the intermolecular interaction force. The three-dimensional carbon material is capable of physically adsorbing molecules of the lubricant matrix, thereby forming a spatial interval in a molecular cluster by the adsorption of the three-dimensional carbon atoms, breaking hydrogen bonds between the molecules, and breaking the cluster into a plurality of small molecules or reducing the size of the cluster, thereby reducing the viscosity of the lubricant matrix and obtaining a lubricant with low viscosity. The lubricant matrix is liquid, which means that the lubricant matrix is liquid under the temperature and pressure conditions of the lubricant during operation.
Viscosity is an important evaluation index for identifying the quality of a lubricant and determining the use of the lubricant. Hydrogen bonding is a special intermolecular force that causes the lubricant molecules to form molecular clusters and increase viscosity when hydrogen bonding can be formed between the molecules of the lubricant matrix. Therefore, the network structure formed by hydrogen bonds among the molecules of the lubricant matrix and the number of hydrogen bonds affect the viscosity of the lubricant. According to the embodiment of the invention, the number of intermolecular hydrogen bonds of the lubricant matrix is regulated and controlled by a physical method, so that the viscosity of the lubricant is reduced. Compared with the viscosity reduction by a chemical method, the addition of the three-dimensional carbon material of the embodiment of the invention does not react with the lubricant matrix chemically, and the viscosity of the lubricant matrix is reduced under the conditions of not changing the chemical components and the composition structure of the lubricant matrix and not changing the acidity and alkalinity of the lubricant matrix.
Meanwhile, in other physical viscosity reduction methods, such as heating, an external magnetic field and an external electric field, when the heating is stopped and the external magnetic field and the external electric field are removed, the viscosity of the lubricant can be recovered within a certain time, and permanent viscosity reduction and active control of the viscosity of the lubricant cannot be achieved. The practical application is difficult due to the intervention of an external heat source, an electric field and a magnetic field during viscosity reduction regulation and control. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the viscosity of the lubricant matrix is reduced by adding the three-dimensional carbon material, the ratio of the three-dimensional carbon material to the lubricant matrix is regulated, the viscosity of the lubricant can be actively regulated, heating, an electric field or a magnetic field are not required during viscosity reduction, and the practicability is higher.
In one embodiment, the lubricant matrix includes hydrogen atoms and X atoms covalently bonded to the hydrogen atoms, the X atoms being more electronegative, and the X atoms may include O, N, F. The molecules of the lubricant matrix are close to atoms Y with large electronegativity and small radius, and hydrogen is used as a medium between X and Y to generate a special intermolecular or intramolecular interaction in the form of X-H … Y, namely hydrogen bonds. The Y atom may include O, N, F. X and Y may be the same atom or different atoms.
In one embodiment, the molecules of the lubricant matrix may include hydrogen atoms and oxygen atoms covalently bonded to the hydrogen atoms, and hydrogen bonds of O-H … O can be formed between adjacent molecules of the lubricant matrix. The hydrogen bonds form intermolecular forces between adjacent molecules of the lubricant matrix, and the molecules of the lubricant matrix are connected by the intermolecular forces of the hydrogen bonds to form clusters, and the hydrogen-bonded clusters restrict the flow of the molecules of the lubricant matrix to a certain extent, thereby increasing the viscosity of the lubricant.
In an embodiment, the lubricant matrix may include hydroxyl groups, the hydroxyl groups of the lubricant matrix forming hydrogen bonds between adjacent molecules of the lubricant matrix. The hydroxyl group of the molecules of the lubricant matrix may be one or more, and the hydrogen bond formed between the molecules of the adjacent lubricant matrix may be one or more. In one embodiment, the lubricant base may include a polyhydric alcohol having 3 to 8 carbon atoms. The polyhydric alcohol with 3-8 carbon atoms has small molecular weight and good lubricating effect. The adjacent molecules of the polyhydroxy alcohol form a plurality of hydrogen bonds through a plurality of hydroxyl groups, and the molecules of the polyhydroxy alcohol form clusters through a plurality of hydrogen bonds.
In one embodiment, the polyhydric alcohol may include glycerol, 1, 3-propanediol, 2-methylpropanediol, pentaerythritol, ethylene glycol, mannitol, and other lubricating alcohols.
Preferably, the carbon material is a graphite-based carbon material having a carbon six-membered ring structure. Since nano-sized carbon materials are not readily available, in embodiments of the present invention, the three-dimensional carbon material has an average particle size of less than 30nm in three dimensions. Within this particle size range, the three-dimensional carbon material can reduce the viscosity of the lubricant while simultaneously achieving fluidity of the lubricant matrix.
The three-dimensional carbon material has a physical adsorption effect, in the embodiment of the invention, the three-dimensional carbon material is used for adsorbing molecules of the lubricant matrix, the molecules of the lubricant matrix are bound on the surface of the three-dimensional carbon material by the physical adsorption effect because hydrogen bonds formed among the molecules of the lubricant matrix are weak intermolecular forces, clusters formed by the lubricant matrix are broken by breaking the hydrogen bonds among the molecules of the lubricant matrix through a space effect, and the three-dimensional carbon material is physically mixed in the lubricant matrix to divide the clusters into a plurality of clusters with smaller size or a plurality of molecules of the lubricant matrix, so that the viscosity of the lubricant is reduced.
In one embodiment, the three-dimensional carbon material may be in the form of powdery particles, and preferably, the powdery particles are spherical or ellipsoidal. The spherical or ellipsoidal three-dimensional carbon material can be more uniformly mixed in the lubricant matrix.
In one embodiment, the three-dimensional carbon material comprises graphite. The graphite may be graphite powder.
It will be appreciated that embodiments of the present invention utilise the physical adsorption of carbon atoms to molecules of the lubricant matrix in the three-dimensional carbon material, which is preferably a non-functionalised material, i.e. the three-dimensional carbon material contains substantially only carbon and no other chemical groups grafted.
In one embodiment, the mass ratio of the lubricant matrix to the three-dimensional carbon material may be 200 to 2000. The addition amount of the three-dimensional carbon material in the lubricant matrix is too small, so that the viscosity reduction effect is relatively unobvious; if the amount of the three-dimensional carbon material added to the lubricant matrix is too large, the volume and concentration of the three-dimensional carbon material in the lubricant will be too large, and the lubricating effect of the lubricant will be reduced.
In one embodiment, the adjacency refers to the separation between the three-dimensional carbon materials by the molecules of the lubricant matrix. The three-dimensional carbon material may be present in a monodispersed form in the lubricant, or a plurality of three-dimensional carbon materials may be agglomerated. Preferably in a monodisperse form, so that the three-dimensional carbon material is more uniformly dispersed in the lubricant.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a preparation method of the lubricant, which comprises the following steps:
providing the lubricant matrix;
providing the three-dimensional carbon material; and
and uniformly mixing the lubricant matrix and the three-dimensional carbon material.
The mixing method of the lubricant matrix and the three-dimensional carbon material may include mechanical stirring, ultrasonic oscillation, and the like. In one embodiment, the lubricant matrix is mixed with the three-dimensional carbon material by ultrasonic oscillation. The ultrasonic oscillation method utilizes ultrasonic waves to uniformly disperse the solid three-dimensional carbon material in the liquid lubricant matrix, and the mixing is more uniform under the condition of not damaging the lubricant matrix and the self structure and properties of the three-dimensional carbon material.
In one embodiment, the power of the ultrasonic oscillation may be 50W to 150W.
In an embodiment, the time of the ultrasonic oscillation may be matched with the power of the ultrasonic oscillation, and the time may be adjusted according to the mixing efficiency, so that the mixing uniformity is better and the mixing efficiency is higher. The mixing time may be 2 hours to 12 hours.
In one embodiment, the ambient temperature during the mixing is 20 ℃ to 40 ℃. The mixing temperature should not be too high, and the ultrasonic action at high temperature may damage the lubricant matrix or the structure of the three-dimensional carbon material.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a method for reducing the viscosity of the fluid, which comprises the following steps:
providing a fluid matrix, molecules of the fluid matrix being capable of hydrogen bonding;
providing a three-dimensional carbon material; and
uniformly physically mixing the fluid matrix with the three-dimensional carbon material to break the hydrogen bonds between molecules of the lubricant matrix.
According to the embodiment of the invention, molecules of the fluid matrix are physically adsorbed on the surface of the three-dimensional carbon material by utilizing the physical adsorption effect of the three-dimensional carbon material, so that hydrogen bonds among the molecules of the fluid matrix are broken, and the aim of reducing the viscosity of the fluid matrix is fulfilled under the condition of not changing the chemical composition of the fluid matrix.
The fluid matrix of the present invention may be the same as the lubricant matrix described above, and the method of reducing the viscosity of the fluid may be the same as the method of preparing the lubricant, and will not be described herein again.
Example 1
According to the mass ratio of the lubricating molecules to the three-dimensional carbon material of m (glycerol)/m (graphite) being 500, 0.01g of graphite and 5g of glycerol are weighed and placed in a closed glass bottle. And (3) placing the sealed glass bottle in an ultrasonic cleaner with the water temperature of 25 ℃ for ultrasonic treatment for 6 hours, wherein the ultrasonic power is set to be 100W, and obtaining the uniformly mixed lubricant.
Example 2
This example differs from example 1 only in that the mass ratio of the lubricant molecules to the three-dimensional carbon material was 750 (glycerol)/m (graphite), 0.01g of graphite was added, and 7.5g of glycerol was added, and the mixture was placed in a closed glass bottle. And (3) placing the sealed glass bottle in an ultrasonic cleaner with the water temperature of 25 ℃ for ultrasonic treatment for 6 hours, wherein the ultrasonic power is set to be 100W, and obtaining the uniformly mixed lubricant.
Example 3
This example differs from example 1 only in that the mass ratio of the lubricant molecules to the zero-dimensional carbon material was m (glycerol)/m (graphite) 1000, 0.01g of graphite was added, and 10g of glycerol was added; the sonication was carried out for 5 hours with the sonication power set at 90W.
Example 4
This example differs from example 1 only in that the mass ratio of the lubricant molecules to the zero-dimensional carbon material was 1250, graphite was added in an amount of 0.01g, and glycerol was 12.5 g; the sonication was carried out for 5 hours with the sonication power set at 90W.
Example 5
This example differs from example 1 only in that the mass ratio of the lubricant molecules to the zero-dimensional carbon material was 1500 (m (glycerol)/m (graphite), 0.01g of graphite was added, and 15g of glycerol was added; sonication was carried out for 4 hours with the sonication power set at 80W.
Examples of the experiments
The lubricating fluids prepared in examples 1-5 were each tested using an austria antopa MCR301 rotational rheometer, with graphite undoped glycerol as a control. The viscosity of the lubricant was measured as a function of shear rate. The detection temperature is 25 ℃, and the detection module is CP 50-1. The shear rates were measured at 117, 153, 201, 265, 348, 457, 600 and 788 points, respectively.
Referring to fig. 1, the results of the rheology test showed that the lubricants of examples 1-4 also exhibited some reduction in viscosity compared to the glycerin control. Thus, the viscosity of the glycerol can be reduced by doping the graphite.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (8)

1. A lubricant is characterized by comprising a lubricant matrix and a three-dimensional carbon material, wherein the lubricant matrix and the three-dimensional carbon material are uniformly and physically mixed, the lubricant matrix is liquid, molecules of the lubricant matrix can be connected through hydrogen bonds, the three-dimensional carbon material is used for breaking the hydrogen bonds between the molecules of the lubricant matrix, the lubricant matrix is polyhydric alcohol with 3-8 carbon atoms, the three-dimensional carbon material is spherical or ellipsoidal graphite powder, the average particle size of the three-dimensional carbon material in three dimensions is less than 30nm, and the mass ratio of the lubricant matrix to the three-dimensional carbon material is 200-2000.
2. The lubricant of claim 1, wherein the lubricant base comprises one or more of glycerol, 1, 3-propanediol, 2-methylpropanediol, pentaerythritol, and mannitol.
3. A method of preparing the lubricant of any of claims 1-2, comprising the steps of:
providing the lubricant matrix;
providing the three-dimensional carbon material; and
and uniformly mixing the lubricant matrix and the three-dimensional carbon material.
4. The method of preparing a lubricant according to claim 3, wherein the lubricant matrix is mixed with the three-dimensional carbon material by ultrasonic oscillation.
5. The method for preparing the lubricant according to claim 4, wherein the power of the ultrasonic oscillation is 50W to 150W.
6. The method for preparing the lubricant according to claim 4, wherein the time of the ultrasonic oscillation is 2 to 12 hours.
7. The method of claim 3, wherein the ambient temperature during mixing is 20 ℃ to 40 ℃.
8. A method of reducing the viscosity of a fluid comprising the steps of:
providing a fluid matrix, wherein molecules of the fluid matrix can be connected through hydrogen bonds, and the fluid matrix comprises a polyhydric alcohol with 3-8 carbon atoms;
providing a three-dimensional carbon material, wherein the three-dimensional carbon material is spherical or ellipsoidal graphite powder, and the average particle size of the three-dimensional carbon material in three dimensions is less than 30 nm; and
uniformly and physically mixing the fluid matrix with the three-dimensional carbon material to break the hydrogen bonds between molecules of the fluid matrix.
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US20040209782A1 (en) * 2002-05-30 2004-10-21 Ashland Inc. Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with graphite nanoparticles and carbon nanotube

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