CN109053267A - A kind of agaricus bisporus waste-material-preparing biological organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of agaricus bisporus waste-material-preparing biological organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109053267A CN109053267A CN201811221488.5A CN201811221488A CN109053267A CN 109053267 A CN109053267 A CN 109053267A CN 201811221488 A CN201811221488 A CN 201811221488A CN 109053267 A CN109053267 A CN 109053267A
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- agaricus bisporus
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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Abstract
The invention belongs to biological fermentation fields, be related to it is a kind of produced using agaricus bisporus after culture medium waste carry out biofermentation production biological organic fertilizer, can be widely applied with rural area and batch production agaricus bisporus manufacturing enterprise, solve the problems such as wasting of resources of agaricus bisporus waste material and environmental pollution.It includes following components in percentage by weight that it, which makes biological organic fertilizer: agaricus bisporus waste material 60~80%, cattle and sheep excrement (or chicken manure) 10~20%, calcium superphosphate 5%~10%, urea 1%~5%, land plaster 1%~5%, decomposing agent 0.5~5%.Culture medium waste is collected after the harvesting of agaricus bisporus fruiting and shines dry doubling crushing, according to the ingredient proportion uniformly mixing of production organic fertilizer, characteristic heap and logical oxygen according to microbial growth, turning operation is carried out in time by observation temperature curve and fermentation material color, smell, entire fermentation process can be completed by 20~30 days, the standard by fermentation material after fermentation according to water content no more than 30% carries out drying storage.The biological organic fertilizer of production can replace chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer etc. to be widely used in the growth of the plants such as veterinary antibiotics, nursery stock, extend industrial chain, realize the innoxious circulation production of agaricus bisporus industry.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of microbial fermentation, and in particular to the fermentation waste production after a kind of edible fungus culturing fruiting is micro-
The method of biological organic fertilizer.
Background technique
China is an Edible Fungi and big export country, and national edible mushroom total output is occupied up to more than 3,600 ten thousand tons within 2017
No. 1 in the world, wherein for agaricus bisporus yield up to more than 340 ten thousand tons, resulting agaricus bisporus waste material is up to more than 400 ten thousand tons.Agaricus bisporus
Waste material main component after fruiting is the plant residue after being utilized by mycelia, and in vast rural area, some is used to burn after drying,
Some is arbitrarily abandoned, and environmental pollution is caused.Some producers or peasant household will be used to plant vegetables and fruits after garbage collection, but due to waste material
Containing pathogenic mushroom, worm's ovum, agaricus bisporus mycelia, vegetables and fruits is not only be easy to cause to infect germ, and nutrient cannot quilt well
Vegetables and fruits are absorbed and utilized, so that it cannot large area utilizes popularization.Metabolite containing agaricus bisporus mycelia in agaricus bisporus waste material, packet
Include crude protein, crude fat and nitrogen-free extracts, the also microbiologic population containing the minerals such as Ca, K, P, Si and substantial amounts
With remaining mycelium, how these nutrients are adequately utilized, to added value of product is improved, promotes the strong of agaricus bisporus industry
Health sustainable development is of great significance.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: it is an object of the invention to for overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of agaricus bisporus waste material system
The method for making biological organic fertilizer is killed using zymotechnique to plant on the basis of making full use of agaricus bisporus waste material nutrient
Object grows harmful flora and insect pest, nutriment needed for adding plant growth, obtains being suitble to veterinary antibiotics, nursery stock tree species
The bio-organic fertilizer of growth.
Technical solution: a kind of biological organic fertilizer of agaricus bisporus waste-material-preparing, the fermentation material including following weight ratio: by life
Object treated agaricus bisporus waste material 60~80%, cattle and sheep excrement (or chicken manure) 10~20%, calcium superphosphate 5%~10%, urea 1%
~5%, land plaster 1%~5%, decomposing agent 0.5~5%.
The method of above-mentioned agaricus bisporus waste-material-preparing biological organic fertilizer, comprising the following steps:
(1) the agaricus bisporus waste material after adopting mushroom is dried, is crushed；
(2) reed rod of agaricus bisporus waste material, crushing in step (1) is put into the aquaculture pond of breeding loach, by extremely
It is three months few, the surface layer mud of culturing pool bottom mud is taken, surface layer mud is dried；
(3) the surface layer mud dried and cattle and sheep excrement, urea, gypsum, decomposing agent, uniformly mix calcium superphosphate；
(3) mixed fermentation material composting is in heaps, carries out turning over for fermentation material in time according to material heap internal temperature situation of change
Heap, when turning outside fermentation material turn to inside heap, internal fermentation material turns to outside heap；
(4) fermentation material form is observed, when fermentation material becomes dark brown from yellowish-brown, expects soft, odorless, without musty, this
When fermentation ends.
Further, step (1) the agaricus bisporus waste material is dried to 30% or less water content.It is double containing a large amount of activity in waste material
Spore mushroom silk needs to kill active agaricus bisporus mycelia in order to which fermentation energy successfully carries out, when agaricus bisporus waste material be dried to it is aqueous
Active agaricus bisporus mycelia can be effectively killed when 30% or less amount.
Further, step (1) the agaricus bisporus waste material is crushed to particle diameter 1cm hereinafter, crushing uniformly, without bulk
Object.Spore mushroom waste material crush diameter determine fermentation carry out speed and fermentation complete effect, when fermentation material bulk compared with
When big, material block cannot have other auxiliary materials to be uniformly mixed well, lead to longer fermentation times and fermentation is insufficient.When material block crushes
It can be very good to be uniformly mixed with other auxiliary materials when to 1cm or less, be conducive to the progress of fermentation process.
Further, step (3) fermentation material is mixed by following weight ratio: agaricus bisporus waste material 60 by biological treatment~
80%, cattle and sheep excrement (or chicken manure) 10~20%, calcium superphosphate 5%~10%, urea 1%~3%, land plaster 1%~5%, corruption
Ripe dose 0.5~5%, wherein cow dung uses dry cow dung, and crushes uniformly, and granular size is controlled in 4mm or less.Agaricus bisporus waste material is
The major ingredient of fermentation, a great number of elements that plant growth needs is mainly nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and nitrogen element content is less in agaricus bisporus waste material, and
Nitrogen needed for nitrogen, Determination of Potassium ratio and plant growth, Determination of Potassium mismatch, addition cattle and sheep excrement (or chicken manure) be in order to
Plant growth is provided for the wilderness demand of nitrogen, addition calcium superphosphate is the content in order to adjust potassium element.Decomposing agent is
Multiple beneficial bacterium, fungi are combined, and have mutually not antagonism, the characteristic mutually cooperateed with, be added decomposing agent can it is cracking with
Miscellaneous bacteria in agaricus bisporus waste material and cattle and sheep excrement (or chicken manure) forms competition, inhibits the growth of miscellaneous bacteria, accelerates the fermentation maturity of raw material.
Addition urea is to keep faster growth to live to meet the needs of various microorganism growth early periods are to nitrogen in decomposing agent
Power.Land plaster mainly provides calcium, element sulphur, is the microelement of microorganism normal growth, it is ensured that various in decomposing agent to have
The healthy growth of beneficial bacteria.
Further, heap height is no more than 1.5m when step (4) fermentation material heap.The height of fermentation material heap is on the one hand to
Convenient for operation, heap is too high inconvenient for operation.More importantly fermentation process is that a large amount of oxygen of needs carry out aerobic fermentations
Process, heap processed is excessively high to be will cause oxygen in heap and lacks, and causes that fermentation is uneven, fermentation process slowly even fermentation failure, heap processed
Height is no more than the content that 1.5m can be very good oxygen in control fermentation.
Further, the water content of step (4) fermentation material is controlled at 60~70%, water deficient, and artificial aproll simultaneously stirs
Uniformly.Fermentation process is a series of process of microorganism growths, and microorganism growth needs certain moisture needs, fermentation material
Water content control is the water demand in order to meet microorganism 60~70%.
Further, 50~70cm of depth diameter 5 is made a call to every 40~60cm on material heap upper layer after the completion of step (4) heap processed
The circular hole of~10cm.Fermentation process one process for needing a large amount of oxygen to carry out aerobic fermentation, fermentation process beneficial bacterium
Growth be divided into peak and low ebb, ferment peak when have the call to oxygen, by punched on heap can guarantee it is a large amount of
Oxygen rapidly enters in heap, is conducive to the decomposition for accelerating windrow organic matter.
Further, step (4) measures material heap internal temperature situation before early 10 points daily, due to microorganism after the heap processed
Metabolism release heat, temperature will slowly rise, when temperature rises to 65 DEG C or more or after temperature rises with microbiota metabolic activity
Slow down and start when dropping to 50 DEG C or less turning, 4~6 completions that can ferment, the material color for completion of fermenting about are completed in turning
Dark brown, sponginess, odorless, without musty.Fermentation whole process about 20~30 days.Measure temperature in heap before it is early at 10 points
It is the influence in order to avoid daylight to temperature, true fermentation temperature in heap can be measured.The microorganism beneficial bacterium of fermentation process
Certain temperature range is needed, the excessively high and too low activity that can all influence flora of temperature, originally temperature is gradually to rise to fermentation process
High, when temperature rises to 65 DEG C or more, since the activity of the excessively high flora of temperature will reduce, in order to guarantee bacterial activity, need
Carrying out turning reduces temperature；It is gradually basically completed, ferments as oxygen content reduces and expect interior centre organic matter decomposition
Process temperature can be gradually reduced again, need to carry out turning when temperature drops to 50 DEG C or less again, after turning temperature will again can on
It rises.If temperature, which does not rise, after turning illustrates that organic matter decomposition is basically completed, fermentation process terminates, and expects color in dark brown at this time
Color, sponginess, odorless, without musty.Whole process needs turning 4~6 times, can complete within about 20~30 days.
Further, step (5) provides that fermentative microorganism organic fertilizer is aqueous according in organic fertilizer quality standard NY525-2012
Amount is below 30%.The different fermentation material humidity that will cause after fermentation such as atmospheric temperature in fermentation process, dry, wet situation are not
Together.Requiring water content to require 30% or less in standard is extended the shelf life in order to avoid varied bacteria growing, so fermenting in fermentation material
After need to detect moisture content, need to spread fermentation material out to dry and be reduced to 30% if being higher than 30%.
The utility model has the advantages that 1, biological organic fertilizer of the present invention production main raw material(s) be agaricus bisporus fruiting after waste material and cattle and sheep
Excrement (or chicken manure), in the cultivation place of production, materials are convenient, low in cost, realize refuse reclamation, reduce environmental pollution；2, it utilizes
The biological organic fertilizer of agaricus bisporus waste material production takes full advantage of the several mineral materials in waste material.Button mushroom dregs and reed rod pass through
Soften in loach breeding pond, loach belongs to Omnivore, can decompose to button mushroom dregs and reed rod, makes to cultivate
The surface layer mud in pond is rich in organic matter, containing can be a variety of big by nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc that crops are directly absorbed and utilized etc.
Secondary element and microelement, and contain the microbial flora beneficial to crop growth, there is good improvement result to soil,
It is suitable for the plantation of the crops such as veterinary antibiotics, nursery stock；3, biological organic fertilizer is made using agaricus bisporus fermentation waste, extended
Agaricus bisporus cultivates industrial chain, realizes agaricus bisporus cultivation-biological organic fertilizer production-crop planting circulation Industry Model, right
The industry development of agaricus bisporus cultivation has great impetus.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the implementation
Example.
The invention discloses a kind of agaricus bisporus waste-material-preparing biological organic fertilizers, including following composition proportion: at biology
Agaricus bisporus waste material 60~80%, cattle and sheep excrement 10~20%, calcium superphosphate 5%~10%, urea 1%~5%, land plaster after reason
1%~5%, decomposing agent 0.5~5%.Wherein, the biological treatment in this patent, which refers to, puts into loach breeding for agaricus bisporus waste material
Chi Zhong decomposes agaricus bisporus waste material by loach, and after a period of time, arriving after extracting surface layer mud in aquaculture pond and drying is dry
Dry surface layer mud.Agaricus bisporus waste material in this patent includes at least remaining bacteria residue and culture after agaricus bisporus production harvesting
Base.
The invention also discloses a kind of methods for producing above-mentioned agaricus bisporus waste-material-preparing biological organic fertilizer:
Culture medium after agaricus bisporus fruiting contains crude protein 4.5%, crude fat 1.7%, crude fibre 29.5%, ash content
The microelements such as 5.6% and Fe, Ca, K.
The first step, remaining culture medium is agaricus bisporus waste material after the harvesting of agaricus bisporus fruiting, and agaricus bisporus waste material is received
Collect, dry, crush.Water content 30% is dried to hereinafter, being crushed to diameter 1cm or less.
Second step is passed through in the aquaculture pond of the reed rod investment breeding loach of agaricus bisporus waste material, crushing in step (1)
At least three months are spent, the surface layer mud of culturing pool bottom mud is taken, surface layer mud herein is the silt of surface layer 1cm to 3cm depth
Mud dries surface layer mud；
Third step, smashed waste material are uniformly mixed with cow dung, calcium superphosphate, urea, gypsum, decomposing agent, in proportion: warp
Agaricus bisporus waste material 70%, cow dung 15%, calcium superphosphate 8%, urea 4%, land plaster 2%, decomposing agent 1% after crossing biological treatment
(this decomposing agent for using Henan agriculture Citroen zx Biotechnology Co., Ltd to produce, living bacteria count >=0.5 hundred million/g), wherein
Cow dung will use dry cow dung, and crush uniformly, and granular size is controlled in 4mm or less；The water content control of fermentation material is 65%, water
When dividing insufficient, artificial aproll is needed, and stir evenly.
4th step, uniformly mixed fermentation material heap, heap are 1.0 meters high；It is beaten on material heap upper layer every 50cm after the completion of heap processed
The circular hole of one depth 50cm diameter 5cm is ventilated convenient for the fermentation of microorganism.The temperature of fermentation heap is measured, time of measuring is daily
8 points of morning, measurement position position below the 30cm of material heap surface；In due course turning, turning are carried out according to temperature variations in heap
When outside fermentation material turn to inside heap, internal fermentation material turns to outside heap.After heap processed, temperature can be delayed in material heap of fermenting
It is slow to rise, turning is carried out when temperature rises to 65 DEG C or more, when temperature is declined by slowly rising, and temperature drops to 50
DEG C or less when start turning, temperature restarts slowly to rise after turning.
5th step observes fermentation material form, when fermentation material becomes dark brown from yellowish-brown originally, by hard needle-holding hand, has
Stink becomes soft, odorless, without musty, at this time fermentation ends.Turning is total about to be completed 4 times, surrounding time 25~30 days；Hair
Water content 30% after the completion of ferment is hereinafter, can simply be dried by the way that fermentation material is spread out to reduce water content.
The method of the present embodiment agaricus bisporus waste-material-preparing organic fertilizer has compared with traditional agaricus bisporus waste material is using method
Following advantage:
1, traditional agaricus bisporus waste material direct returning to farmland utilizes, and not only causes veterinary antibiotics to infect germ, and waste material is difficult to fill
It decomposes, is unfavorable for being absorbed and used by plants, to cause secondary environmental pollution.Biological organic fertilizer produced by the invention is abundant
Fermentation is completed, and macromolecular complex is converted to the small-molecule substance for being conducive to be absorbed by plants.And it will be harmful in fermentation process
Miscellaneous bacteria and worm's ovum kill, and avoid veterinary antibiotics infection miscellaneous bacteria.
2, raw material used is agaricus bisporus waste material and cattle and sheep excrement, avoids arbitrarily losing and put for waste material, less environmental pollution.
3, main raw material(s) agaricus bisporus waste material and cattle and sheep excrement, materials are convenient, low in cost.
4, zymotechnique is easy to learn, convenient for promoting the use of in vast rural area.
5, the biological organic fertilizer of ferment making can make full use of remaining nutritional ingredient in culture medium, avoid resource wave
Take.
6, the biological organic fertilizer of ferment making is in addition to also containing more containing elements such as N, P, K necessary to crop growth
Kind mineral matter element, may be implemented green, organic plantation of crops.
As described above, must not be explained although the present invention has been indicated and described referring to specific preferred embodiment
For the limitation to invention itself.It without prejudice to the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims, can be right
Various changes can be made in the form and details for it.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of agaricus bisporus waste-material-preparing biological organic fertilizer, it is characterised in that: including following composition proportion: after biological treatment
Agaricus bisporus waste material 60~80%, cattle and sheep excrement 10~20%, calcium superphosphate 5%~10%, urea 1%~5%, land plaster 1%
~5%, decomposing agent 0.5~5%.
2. the method for agaricus bisporus waste-material-preparing biological organic fertilizer as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: including following step
It is rapid:
(1) the agaricus bisporus waste material after adopting mushroom is dried, is crushed；
(2) reed rod of agaricus bisporus waste material, crushing in step (1) is put into the aquaculture pond of breeding loach, by least three
A month, the surface layer mud of culturing pool bottom mud is taken, surface layer mud is dried；
(3) the surface layer mud dried and cattle and sheep excrement, urea, gypsum, decomposing agent, uniformly mix calcium superphosphate；
(4) composting is in heaps after mixing, and carries out the turning of fermentation material in time according to material heap internal temperature situation of change, when turning outside
Fermentation material turn to inside heap, internal fermentation material turns to outside heap；
(5) fermentation material form is observed, when fermentation material becomes dark brown from yellowish-brown, soft, odorless is expected, without musty, sends out at this time
Ferment terminates.
3. the method for agaricus bisporus waste-material-preparing biological organic fertilizer according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the agaricus bisporus
Waste material includes remaining bacteria residue after production agaricus bisporus.
4. the method for agaricus bisporus waste-material-preparing biological organic fertilizer according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: step (1) institute
It states agaricus bisporus waste material and is dried to 30% or less water content.
5. the method for agaricus bisporus waste-material-preparing biological organic fertilizer according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: step (1) institute
It states agaricus bisporus waste material and is crushed to diameter 1cm hereinafter, crushing uniformly, be free of block.
6. the method for agaricus bisporus waste-material-preparing biological organic fertilizer according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: step (3) hair
Ferment material is mixed by following weight ratio: agaricus bisporus waste material 60~80%, cattle and sheep excrement 10~20%, mistake after biological treatment
Calcium phosphate 5%~10%, urea 1%~5%, land plaster 1%~5%, decomposing agent 0.5~5%.Wherein cattle and sheep excrement is used and is dried
Cattle and sheep excrement, and crush uniformly, granular size control in 1cm or less.
7. the method for agaricus bisporus waste-material-preparing biological organic fertilizer according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: step (4) hair
Heap height is no more than 1.5m when ferment material heap.
8. the method for agaricus bisporus waste-material-preparing biological organic fertilizer according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: step (4) hair
The water content of ferment material is controlled at 60~70%, water deficient, and artificial aproll simultaneously stirs evenly.
9. the method for agaricus bisporus waste-material-preparing biological organic fertilizer according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: step (4) system
Make a call to the circular hole of a 5~10cm of depth 50~70cm diameter after the completion of heap every 40~60cm on material heap upper layer.
10. the method for agaricus bisporus waste-material-preparing biological organic fertilizer according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: step (4) is every
Material heap internal temperature situation is measured before it early 10 points, temperature will slowly rise after the heap processed, when temperature rises to 65 DEG C or more
Or starting turning after temperature rising and when dropping to 50 DEG C or less, turning is total, completes 4~6 times, surrounding time 20~30
It.
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