CN109048247B - Pre-tightening method of piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit - Google Patents
Pre-tightening method of piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P19/00—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P19/00—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes
- B23P19/04—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes for assembling or disassembling parts
- B23P19/06—Screw or nut setting or loosening machines
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Abstract
The invention provides a pre-tightening system and a pre-tightening method for a piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit, and belongs to the field of assembly of piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring units. The system comprises a piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit, a hydraulic cylinder, a loading head, a limiting gland, a flat key, a supporting baffle, a bottom plate, a supporting frame, a hydraulic loading force source, a charge amplifier, a data acquisition card and a computer. The method adopts a linear force source to realize pre-tightening force in the axis direction, when the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit is assembled, the force value is fed back and controlled through the force value representative meter of the linear force source and the dynamic output of the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit, the accuracy of the pre-tightening force value is ensured, a pre-tightening nut and a pre-tightening bolt are connected through micro-torque, and the assembly is completed after the force source is removed. For the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit which is assembled and has no pre-tightening force meeting the requirement, the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit can be reversely assembled in the direction, and then is assembled again after being disassembled, so that the productivity and the yield are improved, and the disassembly and assembly integration is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of assembly of piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring units, and relates to a pre-tightening method of a piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit.
Background
The installation, the positioning and the pre-tightening of the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit must be stable and reliable, and the position and the pre-tightening state are ensured to be unchanged in the whole using process. The pre-tightening can eliminate the clearance between the inner contact surface and the outer contact surface of the piezoelectric sensor, improve the rigidity of the whole system and obtain good static and dynamic characteristics. For the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit for measuring pressure, shear force and torque, the realization of pretightening force is very important, and the pretightening force can enable the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit to obtain enough positive pressure to transmit tangential force through friction.
At present, the mode of realizing the pretightening force of the piezoelectric sensor at home and abroad is mainly elastic force pretightening, and common pretightening structures include bolt pretightening, bolt cover plate pretightening, elastic structure pretightening and the like.
The common bolt pre-tightening method is that a large turning moment is applied in the turning direction, so that the pre-tightening force is applied in the linear direction when the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit is assembled.
However, the conventional bolt pre-tightening method has many problems in realizing large pre-tightening force. When the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit screws the pre-tightening nut through a large turning moment, the thread stress between the pre-tightening nut and the pre-tightening bolt is large, an auxiliary tool is needed, the operation is difficult, and the thread structure is easy to damage. In the process of rotary loading, the upper cover and the lower cover of the force measuring unit can generate larger errors such as parallelism and coaxiality and the deflection of an axis, in the process of applying rotary torque, the size of the pretightening force can be judged only through the output of the force measuring unit, and due to the rebound problem of the tightening force, the realized pretightening force needs to be continuously observed and the bolt needs to be slowly tightened.
In summary, when the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit is assembled by the existing pre-tightening method, the production efficiency is low, the yield is not high, the difficulty of the operation process is high, and further improvement is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the problems of the common bolt pre-tightening method in the assembling process of the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit, and designs a new pre-tightening method to ensure that the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit realizes the pre-tightening force in the axial direction under the action of a linear force source. The method is characterized in that a positioning device and a test system are assembled, a pretension nut and a pretension bolt are connected by micro torque, the realized pretension force is dynamically measured by a force value indicator of a linear loading force source and the dynamic output of a piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit, and the error between the actual pretension force value and the theoretical force value is reduced. And finally, removing the linear loading force source, realizing the pretightening force of the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit, and finishing the assembly. The assembly process of the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit is simplified, the function of integration of disassembly and assembly is realized, and the production efficiency and the yield are improved.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a pretension method of a piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit is provided, and a system used in the method comprises the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit, a hydraulic cylinder 6, a loading head 7, a limiting gland 8, a flat key 9, a supporting baffle 10, a bottom plate 12, a supporting frame 13, a hydraulic loading force source 14, a charge amplifier 15, a data acquisition card 16 and a computer 17;
the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit comprises a pre-tightening nut 1, a pre-tightening bolt 2, an upper cover 3, a piezoelectric sensor 4 and a lower cover 5; two ends of the piezoelectric sensor 4 are connected with the upper cover 3 and the lower cover 5 through the pre-tightening bolt 2, and the end part of the pre-tightening bolt 2 is fixed through the pre-tightening nut 1;
a supporting baffle 10 and a supporting frame 13 are arranged on the bottom plate 12, and the supporting baffle 10 is positioned in the supporting frame 13; the supporting baffle 10 has a supporting function and comprises a circular hole, a piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit is arranged above the supporting baffle, the circular hole is coaxial with the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit, and the diameter of the circular hole is larger than that of a pretightening nut 1 of the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit; the end of a lower cover 5 of the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit faces upwards and is sequentially connected with a loading head 7, a hydraulic cylinder 6 and a hydraulic loading force source 14, and the hydraulic cylinder 6, the loading head 7 and the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit are coaxial; the periphery of the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit is provided with a limiting gland 8, the side surface of the limiting gland 8 and the support frame 13 are provided with corresponding key grooves for mounting flat keys 9, and the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit is ensured to limit five degrees of freedom except the force source loading direction; the side surface of the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit is connected with a lead, and the lead extends out of the key slot and is sequentially connected with a charge amplifier 15, a data acquisition card 16 and a computer 17;
the method comprises the following specific steps:
the method adopts a linear force source to realize pre-tightening force in the axial direction, when the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit is assembled, the force value is fed back and controlled through the force value indicating meter of the linear force source and the dynamic output of the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit, the accuracy of the pre-tightening force value is ensured, a pre-tightening nut and a pre-tightening bolt are connected through micro-torque, and after the force source is removed, a positioning device is disassembled to finish the assembly. For the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit which is assembled and has no pre-tightening force meeting the requirement, the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit can be reversely assembled in the direction, and then is assembled again after being disassembled, so that the productivity and the yield are improved, and the disassembly and assembly integration is realized. The method comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps of firstly, selecting and calculating a linear force source, positioning a force measuring unit and installing test equipment;
the realization of the pretightening force of the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit adopts a linear translation loading force source, and the force value of the linear translation loading force source is calculated by the following formula:
wherein, F is the pretension value of the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit, S is the direct acting area of the loading head, and P is the pressure intensity.
And installing a pre-tightening system of the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit.
Secondly, applying pre-pressure, and connecting the pre-tightening nut 1 and the pre-tightening bolt 2 by micro-torque;
the linear hydraulic loading force source 14 applies pre-pressure along the axial direction to the lower cover 5 of the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit through the loading head 7, the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit is integrally subjected to downward axial force, and the upper cover 3 of the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit is subjected to upward reaction force of the supporting baffle 10, so that the upper cover 3 and the lower cover 5 are tightly pressed; the pre-pressure test is realized by a force value indicating meter of the linear force source and the dynamic output of the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit together, so that the pre-pressure value reaches the calculated theoretical value; subsequently, the pretensioning nut 1 and the pretensioning bolt 2 are connected through the center hole of the support baffle 10 by the micro-torque of the auxiliary tool.
And thirdly, removing the hydraulic loading force source 14, and disassembling the positioning device to realize the pre-tightening force.
Removing the linear hydraulic loading force source 14, and disassembling the positioning device to finish assembly; the pre-pressure between the upper cover 3 and the lower cover 5 of the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit is converted into pre-tightening force realized by a pre-tightening bolt. And when the effect is not good after the assembly, the piezoelectric force measuring unit is repositioned, the pre-tightening force is applied to disassemble, the process is repeated, and the pre-tightening force is applied again to complete the assembly.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the pre-tightening force of the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit realized by the pre-tightening bolt in the assembling process is indirectly realized, and the problems that the thread is damaged, the operation is difficult, and errors such as parallelism and coaxiality are generated between the upper cover and the lower cover in the realization process of the pre-tightening force by the commonly used bolt pre-tightening method are solved. Meanwhile, the accuracy of pre-tightening force control is improved in the process of realizing the pre-tightening force through the force value indicator of the linear loading force source and the dynamic output of the sensor.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an assembly implementation method of a piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a piezoelectric three-dimensional force-measuring cell according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an assembly method of a piezoelectric three-dimensional force-measuring cell according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1 pre-tightening a nut; 2 pre-tightening the bolt; 3, covering the cover; 4 a piezoelectric sensor; 5, covering the lower cover; 6, a hydraulic cylinder; 7, a loading head; 8, limiting a gland; 9, a flat bond; 10 supporting the baffle plate; 11, bolts; 12 bottom plate, 13 support frame, 14 hydraulic loading force source, 15 charge amplifier, 16 data acquisition card, 17 computer.
Detailed Description
The following further describes a specific embodiment of the present invention with reference to the drawings and technical solutions.
A pre-tightening system of a piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit comprises the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit, a hydraulic cylinder 6, a loading head 7, a limiting gland 8, a flat key 9, a supporting baffle 10, a bottom plate 12, a supporting frame 13, a hydraulic loading force source 14, a charge amplifier 15, a data acquisition card 16 and a computer 17;
the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit comprises a pre-tightening nut 1, a pre-tightening bolt 2, an upper cover 3, a piezoelectric sensor 4 and a lower cover 5; two ends of the piezoelectric sensor 4 are connected with the upper cover 3 and the lower cover 5 through the pre-tightening bolt 2, and the end part of the pre-tightening bolt 2 is fixed through the pre-tightening nut 1;
a supporting baffle 10 and a supporting frame 13 are arranged on the bottom plate 12, and the supporting baffle 10 is positioned in the supporting frame 13; the supporting baffle 10 has a supporting function and comprises a circular hole, a piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit is arranged above the supporting baffle, the circular hole is coaxial with the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit, and the diameter of the circular hole is larger than that of a pretightening nut 1 of the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit; the end of an upper cover 5 of the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit faces upwards and is sequentially connected with a loading head 7, a hydraulic cylinder 6 and a hydraulic loading force source 14, and the hydraulic cylinder 6, the loading head 7 and the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit are coaxial; the periphery of the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit is provided with a limiting gland 8, the side surface of the limiting gland 8 and the support frame 13 are provided with corresponding key grooves for mounting flat keys 9, and the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit is ensured to limit five degrees of freedom except the force source loading direction; the side surface of the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit is connected with a lead, and the lead extends out of the key slot and is sequentially connected with a charge amplifier 15, a data acquisition card 16 and a computer 17.
A pre-tightening method of a piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit is applied to assembly of the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit, under the condition that an upper cover of the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit is blocked by a supporting baffle plate with a central hole, pre-pressure is applied to the upper cover of the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit in a linear direction through the indicating number of a hydraulic pressure meter and dynamic output of the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit by a hydraulic loading device, and the pre-pressure between the upper cover and a lower cover of the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit is converted into pre-tightening force realized by pre-tightening a bolt in the linear direction. And then, connecting the pre-tightening nut with the pre-tightening bolt, and completing the assembly of the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit after the hydraulic pressure source is removed.
The first step is to calculate the hydraulic loading force source and to install and position the force measuring unit assembling device
Firstly, the hydraulic loading force source is calculated by the following formula
According to the attached drawing 3, a lower cover 5, a pre-tightening bolt 2, a piezoelectric sensor 4 and an upper cover 3 of the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit are sequentially assembled on a supporting baffle 10, the lower cover 5 is close to a hydraulic loading head 7, a round hole of a supporting frame 13 plays a guiding role on a hydraulic cylinder 6 and is in threaded connection with the hydraulic cylinder 6 through four threaded holes, and the hydraulic cylinder 6, the loading head 7 and the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit are coaxial. The hydraulic loading force source 14 is provided with a hydraulic gauge which can read the applied hydraulic pressure, the round hole on the bottom plate 12 plays a role in fixing and connecting, and the key groove on the support frame 13 corresponding to the rectangular opening above the limiting gland 8 is used for installing the flat key 9. The limiting gland 8 is connected with the support frame 13 through four bolts, and a rectangular opening above the limiting gland can lead out a lead of the piezoelectric sensor 4. The positioning of 5 degrees of freedom of the force measuring unit except the hydraulic loading direction is realized through a limiting gland 8 and a flat key 9. The supporting baffle 10 has a supporting function and comprises a circular hole, the circular hole is coaxial with the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit, and the diameter of the circular hole is slightly larger than that of the pretightening nut 1 of the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit. The piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit is sequentially connected with a charge amplifier 15, a data acquisition card 16 and a computer 17 through leads.
Secondly, applying pre-pressure, and connecting the pre-tightening nut and the pre-tightening bolt by micro-torque;
the hydraulic loading force source 14 slowly applies hydraulic force along the axial direction to the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit lower cover 5 through the loading head 7, the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit is wholly stressed by downward axial force, and the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit upper cover 3 is stressed by upward reaction force of the supporting baffle 10, so that the upper cover 3 and the lower cover 5 are tightly pressed. The pressure value is fed back together by the indicating number of the hydraulic pressure meter and the dynamic output of the piezoelectric sensor until the indicating number of the hydraulic pressure meter reaches the rated value. At the moment, the upper cover 3 and the lower cover 5 of the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit are in a compressed state, and the magnitude of the pre-pressure is the magnitude of the required pre-tightening force. Subsequently, from the central hole of the support fence 10, the preload nut 1 and the preload bolt 2 are connected by a micro-torque of the nut tightening tool.
Thirdly, hydraulic pressure is removed, the positioning device is disassembled, and assembly is completed
And (3) removing the hydraulic pressure source, disassembling the positioning device, and converting pre-pressure between the upper cover 3 and the lower cover 5 of the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit into pre-tightening force. If the effect is not good after the assembly, the piezoelectric force measuring unit can be repositioned, and after the pre-pressure is applied and the assembly is carried out, the process is repeated to carry out the assembly again.
In conclusion, the invention applies pre-pressure to the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit in the axis direction by adopting the linear loading force source, realizes pre-tightening force in the linear direction by screwing the micro-torque into the pre-tightening nut, and avoids the problems that the commonly used bolt pre-tightening damages threads and generates gaps in the process of realizing the pre-tightening force, and the parallelism error and the coaxiality error are easy to generate between the upper cover and the lower cover of the force measuring unit, the operation is difficult and the like. The assembly process of the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit is simplified, and the production efficiency and the yield are improved.
Claims (1)
1. A pretensioning method of a piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit is characterized in that a system used by the pretensioning method comprises the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit, a hydraulic cylinder (6), a loading head (7), a limiting gland (8), a flat key (9), a supporting baffle (10), a bottom plate (12), a supporting frame (13), a hydraulic loading force source (14), a charge amplifier (15), a data acquisition card (16) and a computer (17);
the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit comprises a pre-tightening nut (1), a pre-tightening bolt (2), an upper cover (3), a piezoelectric sensor (4) and a lower cover (5); two ends of the piezoelectric sensor (4) are respectively connected with the upper cover (3) and the lower cover (5) through the pre-tightening bolt (2), and the end part of the pre-tightening bolt (2) is fixed through the pre-tightening nut (1);
the bottom plate (12) is provided with a supporting baffle (10) and a supporting frame (13), and the supporting baffle (10) is positioned in the supporting frame (13); the supporting baffle (10) has a supporting function and comprises a circular hole, a piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit is arranged above the supporting baffle, the circular hole is coaxial with the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit, and the diameter of the circular hole is larger than that of the pretightening nut (1) of the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit; the end of a lower cover (5) of the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit faces upwards and is sequentially connected with a loading head (7), a hydraulic cylinder (6) and a hydraulic loading force source (14), and the hydraulic cylinder (6) and the loading head (7) are coaxial with the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit; the periphery of the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit is provided with a limiting gland (8), and the side surface of the limiting gland (8) is provided with a key groove corresponding to the support frame (13) and used for mounting a flat key (9) so as to ensure that the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit limits five degrees of freedom except the force source loading direction; the side surface of the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit is connected with a lead, and the lead extends out of the key slot and is sequentially connected with a charge amplifier (15), a data acquisition card (16) and a computer (17);
the method comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps of firstly, selecting and calculating a linear force source, positioning a piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit and installing test equipment;
the realization of the pretightening force of the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit adopts a hydraulic loading force source (14), and the formula for calculating the force value of the hydraulic loading force source (14) is as follows:
wherein, F is the pretension value of the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit, S is the direct acting area of the loading head, and P is the pressure generated by the hydraulic loading force source;
installing a pre-tightening system of the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit;
secondly, applying pre-pressure, and connecting the pre-tightening nut (1) and the pre-tightening bolt (2) by micro-torque;
a hydraulic loading force source (14) applies pre-pressure along the axial direction to a lower cover (5) of a piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit through a loading head (7), the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit is wholly stressed by downward axial force, and an upper cover (3) of the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit is stressed by upward reaction force of a supporting baffle (10) so that the upper cover (3) and the lower cover (5) are tightly pressed; the pre-pressure test is realized by a force value indicating meter of the hydraulic loading force source and the dynamic output of the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit together, so that the pre-pressure value reaches the calculated theoretical value; then, connecting the pre-tightening nut (1) with the pre-tightening bolt (2) through the micro-torque of an auxiliary tool from the central hole of the supporting baffle (10);
thirdly, removing the hydraulic loading force source (14), and disassembling the positioning device to realize pre-tightening force;
removing the hydraulic loading force source (14), and disassembling the positioning device to finish assembly; the pre-stress between the upper cover (3) and the lower cover (5) of the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit is converted into pre-stress realized by a pre-stress bolt; and when the effect is poor after the assembly, the piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit is repositioned, and after the pre-pressure is applied for disassembly, the process is repeated to apply the pre-tightening force again to complete the assembly.
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| CN201810810696.2A CN109048247B (en) | 2018-07-23 | 2018-07-23 | Pre-tightening method of piezoelectric three-dimensional force measuring unit |
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| DE9015316U1 (en) * | 1990-11-07 | 1991-01-17 | MAN-Wolffkran GmbH, 74076 Heilbronn | Setting and pulling device for connecting bolts |
| CN101596673B (en) * | 2009-06-25 | 2010-10-13 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Sandwich type piezoelectric transducer automatic assembly machine |
| CN104280163B (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2017-04-12 | 大连理工大学 | Piezoelectric sensor pre-tightening device |
| CN106441673B (en) * | 2016-10-12 | 2018-12-11 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of active piezoelectric ceramics maximum output force measuring device |
| CN106568544B (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2019-07-30 | 烟台职业学院 | A kind of sheet metal drop stamping device for measuring force |
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