CN109038936A - The dual-purpose concentric reversion free wheels electromechanical assembly of energy storage attitude control - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of dual-purpose concentric reversion free wheels electromechanical assemblies of energy storage attitude control.Use the identical flywheel rotor component of a pair of of structure function concentrically placed along bottom surface mirror symmetry and combination sealing together for the highly integrated structure of electromechanical integration, there are the 4 weight high safety protection for preventing flywheel rotor explosion from flying out, with multi-functional, low cost, small size, it is compact-sized, simple installation, gyro free precession effect is dynamic to compact car shipping to drive interference and multiduty feature, high power energy storage in short-term can be provided and the big moment of reaction exports, suitable for small-sized electric car and boat, walking/mobile robot and aerospace etc. are multi-field: the high-powered sources that can be used as compound energy are combined with electrochemical energy storage cell or super capacitor, the power performance of small vehicle can be increased substantially, extending driving range and power battery service life reduce its usage amount；Can be used for car and boat body gesture stability, such as 4 wheel automobiles anti-inclination rolling reduce Road traffic injuries die rate, mooring stability subtract shake, realizes front and back 2 take turns vehicle self-balancings do not fall uprightly and completely new 2 take turns electric car industrialization.

Description

The dual-purpose concentric reversion free wheels electromechanical assembly of energy storage attitude control

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of dual-purpose concentric reversion free wheels electromechanical assemblies of energy storage attitude control, are related to small-sized electric car and boat, row It walks/the fields such as mobile robot, aeronautics and space device: can be with electrochemical energy storage power battery or there are also super capacitor group cooperation High-powered sources in compound energy have multi-functional --- it in particular to can also be used in car and boat body gesture stability, such as small-sized 4 wheel The anti-inclination and rolling of automobile, the stabilization of spitkit hull, the wheel vehicle of front and back 2 realize self-balancing, uprightly do not fall to realize entirely Novel 2 wheel electric car, high-torque quick response gesture stability of aeronautics and space device etc..

Background technique

In stored energy application field, flywheel rotor, as motor drive high speed rotation, is incited somebody to action by electronic/reversible motor of power generation Electric energy is stored in the form of inertia mechanical rotation function --- " charges "；Conversely, high-speed rotating flywheel rotor drive it is electronic/ Generator is transformed into electric energy supply external loading as electrical power generators, by the inertia mechanical rotation function of flywheel rotor --- i.e. " electric discharge ", device are referred to as flywheel energy storage system (FESS) or abbreviation flying wheel battery.To this physics of the work of principle according to this The existing history for a long time of the research of battery, has a large amount of patented technology and document to deliver, this shows that people have been devoted to it Continuous Improvement.The technology is existing to be also applied successfully to some fields, for example, as the spacecraft energy, to power network fluctuation peak The electric energy storage for inhibiting compensation, wind-powered electricity generation and solar power generation of value, fixed UPS (uninterruptible power supply), magnetic artillery and orbit shot, High power laser, crane and high power power of crane etc..

Although flying wheel battery has, specific energy is high, specific power greatly, absolutely not pollutes and CO₂Discharge, to environment temperature not The outstanding advantages of the environment protecting and power-savings such as sensitive, energy conversion efficiency is high, the fast, long service life of charge/discharge speed, but can apply It is still few in the case of small-scale terrestrial vehicle or above water craft.Before several years, though this technology has started to try out in F1 equation motorcycle race In --- it is mainly used for the recycling and utilization of braking energy, but so far still without the similar production that can be applied to maximum production Product --- the case of commercial passenger car/car.Prior art an example can be found in WO2007132241 (A1).

In terms of gesture stability, control-moment gyro made of the gyroscopic effect using flywheel rotor in high speed rotation (CMG), the attitude control technology of momenttum wheel (MW) and counteraction flyback (RW), with microelectronics and computer, electromagnetic suspension And the made rapid progress of the technologies such as superconduction, high-intensitive new material obtains numerous achievements, and has been applied successfully to certain fields, it is main If spacecraft --- such as satellite, airship；Recently also start to explore application in walking/mobile robot field.But at other Field, still using few especially in the kart currently as one of mankind's main means of transport.Although having Patented technology discloses, but still is hardly visible the application example of volume production.The applicable reference example of the prior art referring to US3373832 (1968), and US2013233100, CN105365914 of the self-balancing for front and back two wheeler etc..

Cause flying wheel battery and gyro attitude control technology to fail to first consist in the main reason for extensive use: being obtained according to the prior art The cost that high-energy-density is obtained for energy storage or attitude control is too high, it is made to be difficult to make in the product for civilian use for requiring relative low price With.

According to the physical equation of flywheel rotor energy storage capacity: E=0.5J ω², for common circular ring shape flywheel rotor: J= mr², therefore have:

E=0.5mr²ω² (1)

In formula, the mechanical rotation function (J or Wh) of E- flywheel rotor, the rotary inertia (kgm of J- flywheel rotor²), m- flywheel The quality (kg) of rotor, the radius of inertia (m) of r- flywheel rotor, ω-flywheel rotor rotation angular speed (rad/s).Here it is used to Property radius r=[0.5 (R₀ ²+R_i ²)]^1/2, in which: R₀For the outer radius of flywheel rotor, R_iFor the inside radius of flywheel rotor.

Therefore by above-mentioned principle it is found that obtain high energy storage energy, need that m, r be big, ω wants high, but E is flat with r, ω The proportional growth in side, therefore increasing the two usually will be more efficient than increasing m.Previous technological progress route is exactly along this Track development causes the working speed of flywheel rotor higher and higher, maximum speed, which has, to be surpassed to obtain high-energy-density (wh/kg) Cross the report of 200,000r/min.But enable flywheel rotor rotary work under high speed or ultrahigh speed, it is practical by various aspects The limitation of factor.

Rotation as flywheel rotor supports, and standard machinery bearing is under ultrahigh rotating speed because of high speed rotation centrifugal force, friction The effect loss of power cannot use greatly very much, be typically only capable to complicated, the expensive active electromagnetic suspension using structure and control Bearing or super-conductive magnetic suspension bearing etc..

It is then accordingly brought using high-revolving scheme to flywheel rotor component to obtain high energy storage or big gesture stability torque Operating environment requirements --- need high vacuum, the otherwise aerial rotation of rotor will form high wind resistance and windage loss.And windage It is directly proportional to movement velocity, that is, linear velocity square of flywheel rotor wheel rim relative atmospheric, will be exponentially-increased, it will lead to very high Driving power consumption.

Problems associated also resides in: manufacturing all-sealed structure needed for capable of maintaining for a long time condition of high vacuum degree and in validity period Long term maintenance expense will also dramatically increase；It is the evaporation for avoiding mechanical bearing lubricating grease in vacuum chamber, should usually uses structure Complicated, high-cost active electromagnetic suspension bearing also needs for dynamoelectric machine to be integrally entirely enclosed in vacuum chamber, otherwise just must Passing movements and the energy such as special transmission device-magnetic coupling transmission, magnetic gear need to be used, not only at high cost, there is also torques With the limitation of power.Due to vacuum, motor stator and winding can not just be radiated by cross-ventilation again, and due to high vacuum chamber It is also possible to gas leakage in long-time service, therefore vacuum pump etc. must also be increased to maintain indoor vacuum degree.In addition, the various leads of motor It must also be led in/out air tightly by sealing shell including high-power lead, these all significantly increase the complexity of device Property, not only bring high manufacturing cost problem, it is also difficult to safeguard, usually be difficult to protect for civilian vehicle-mounted or barge unit Card.

Importantly, under ultrahigh rotating speed, rotor is therefore necessary since the gyrating mass of itself will bear huge centrifugal force It is manufactured using with superhigh intensity, the design of material for being able to achieve high quality specific energy, such as uses high-strength carbon fiber etc. and ring Oxygen resin forms Filament Wound Composite.To reduce cost, currently a popular structure be strength grade radially from outside to inside gradually The multilayer loop successively decreased, each interannular are pressed into connection by interference each other, form the interlayer structure for being similar to sandwich.But such material valence Lattice are still expensive at present --- and it is commonly often tens or even hundreds of times of steel, therefore is usually mostly used for aerospace and military project, It is still difficult to use in the product for civilian use of large quantities of volume productions.Only there is a small amount of product starting applying in high-grade civilian goods at present, such as The thin-shell type vehicle bodies of superior automobile components, bumper etc..

On the other hand, rotor outer radius R_OIncrease will imply that the volume of device increases, and this also will be because of small-sized car and boat Or in walking/mobile robot in originally limited cabin, internal space and dispose by critical constraints.

Increase R when simultaneously_OIt when with ω, is strictly limited by rotor material allowable stress [σ], edge linear velocity (V=R_o It ω) cannot be too high.Otherwise flywheel rotor once occurs explosion, broken fly out or fall off, it would be possible to lead to considerable safety and even hurt Die accident.Although the rotor expensive, entirety is manufactured by high-strength carbon fiber composite material may be flown out in fracture with cotton-shaped, But the carbon fiber defect intrinsic as anisotropic material --- too low Radial drawing strength and the weaker radial direction of its interlayer Crimp strength is also possible to cause the removing of the domain to fall off, and risk is not eliminated thoroughly still.Therefore only in ultrahigh speed backspin Turn flywheel rotor just can get kinetic energy, but itself once destroy caused by risk it is also strong, thus reinforcing flywheel rotor peace Full guard should be that flying wheel battery and gyro attitude control flywheel gear manufacture and design and the most important major issue in application, it is necessary to The guarantee of high degree of safety is provided for user.

In addition, current processing be usually the material that use high-strength carbon fiber to mix with epoxy resin with while wind, while Cured technique manufacture, not only the prices of raw materials are expensive, and often need multiple multi-shell curing to reach required thickness, and solidify Speed is again very slow, causes the production cycle too long, production efficiency is very low, it is difficult to meet the especially big batch high speed of product for civilian use field energy and connect The requirement of continuous automated production, and then cause manufacturing expense also very high.Therefore flying wheel battery material is low with processing charges height, production efficiency Lower is also the major reason for limiting its large scale application at present.

The high-energy and high energy storage density of prior art flywheel rotor and the acquisition of high gyroscopic couple are usually all to fly Premised on wheel rotor can operate under ultrahigh rotating speed, otherwise it is difficult to reach.Carbon fibre composite has high quality specific strength Feature, therefore it is used for its advantage of competence exertion that must also work under ultrahigh rotating speed when flywheel rotor.

But for 20,000r/min or less the safer slow-speed of revolution is answered using high strength steel class rotor and using carbon fiber Condensation material rotor compares, then its comprehensive advantage becomes apparent from, real by research and development of the flying wheel battery in hybrid power and electronic racing car It is such from the point of view of trampling.It is seen according to the performance parameter of the vehicle-mounted flying wheel battery product of the companies such as Flybrid Systems, work Revolving speed is distributed in 60,000r/min or less mostly.But since the specific energy majority of its product is only 5-6wh/kg, and big portion Divide both less than 10-12wh/kg, pretends just too low compared with power battery for stored energy application thus main as capacity cell For kinetic energy recovery system (KRS) and starting is provided and accelerates power.In this respect, the famous vehicle such as Volvo, Porsche, Audi Enterprise all once carried out further investigation in the past to this, and some products started just since 2009 for F1 equation motorcycle race.But sorry It is not have to see there is any report that can have been applied in commercially available commercial automobile so far yet.

Fly wheel system company of the U.S. (AFS) was transformed with regard to release using Chrysler LHS car as original shape general earlier than 1992 Sample car AFS20 is read, this is a kind of electric car for making energy power supply by flying wheel battery completely, it is driven by 20 section flying wheel batteries, But since then so far just again without the information publication that it has been applied in market.

Limitation due to flywheel energy storage system to flywheel rotor rotation speed, the entrained energy under the limitation of certain cost For amount with regard to very little, specific energy is only actually the 1/40-1/50 of the widely used lithium-ion-power cell of current electric car, Therefore makees main accumulation power supply using flying wheel battery and be impossible to.

With regard to dynamoelectric machine used in vehicle-mounted flywheel rotor research from the point of view of, the charge and discharge of flywheel energy storage system and with The transmitting exchange of automobile energy is dependent on motor completion, therefore studies another key that high performance motor is also vehicle-mounted flywheel technology.

Have using the gyroscopic effect of flywheel rotor and is successfully applied to 2 wheeled motorcycles and realizes that balance is upright, be impacted to fall Concept car example, as U.S. Lit motors (2011), China reach the clouds intelligence (2014) 2 wheel electric cars and Germany it is precious Electric motorcycle (2017) of horse etc., but the report for having realized volume production, listing is all had not yet to see at present.

Flywheel rotor with its gyroscopic effect for compact car hull gesture stability in terms of there are the problem of, with aforementioned flywheel Battery applications are similar: it is equally the Major Difficulties that need to thoroughly solve that its high cost is minimized with safety problem and needs.

Electric vehicle due to the powerful advantages with environment protecting and power-saving has started that fuel vehicle is gradually replaced to become 21 century people One of main vehicles of class, this is to can be used as the personal small-sized convenient vehicles with family because of it.However, either All there is the big contradiction for being difficult to obtain outstanding power performance Yu overlength continual mileage simultaneously in diesel locomotive or electric vehicle: its Starting accelerates required power to be much larger than its power driven at a constant speed, is usually several times when driving at a constant speed or more than ten times, this causes The engine of one general car or the power of driving motor usually need to just be up to tens to hundred kilowatts (kW), and limousine Or sport car is even as high as hundreds of kilowatts or even close megawatt (MW).

For the electric car of the vehicle-mounted limited capacity energy, this contradictory solution is more difficult: outstanding to obtain Power performance and long primary charging continual mileage must just use high-power driving motor and accordingly using energy large current density The high-capacity battery of electricity, then causes battery volume to increase considerably with complete vehicle weight, and the following sky high cost and High energy consumption and it is extremely uneconomical.It is energy that electric car, which generally uses high-performance electric chemistry energy-storage battery (such as ternary lithium battery), at present Source, the acquisition expenses of battery have constituted the major part of vehicle manufacturing cost, have usually had been approached 1/3-1/2 or higher, this The manufacturing cost of pure electric automobile is caused to be much higher than the fuel-engined vehicle with size class.But compared with fuel vehicle, except primary charging Other than continual mileage is too short, the charging time is too long, generally also there is a big difference for power performance, become application from now on it is general And major obstacles.

For continual mileage, the limited energy capacity size of on-vehicle battery is to determine the primary charging driving of electric vehicle The principal element of mileage length.To ensure to obtain continual mileage as long as possible under the capacity of finite battery, cannot make With more powerful motor and its driving control system, otherwise the finite energy of battery will be depleted quickly.Thus it limits Vehicle can obtain better power performance --- and especially up to speed, acceleration, climbing and load carrying behaviour, this has become new at present The most scabrous principal contradiction of powered vehicles.

Got worse in view of environmental pollution, petroleum resources are exhausted increasingly closes on, the yield of electric car is just in world's model It is increased rapidly in enclosing.But the key parameter of the lithium battery as the main energy of current electric car --- specific energy (wh/kg) with Research and develop the promotion speed of improvement process still very slowly: according to statistics, current as pure electric automobile between 7 years of 2011-2018 The lithium ion battery of workable unique energy source, the specific energy of battery core has reached 245wh/kg or so at present, but its annual increases Long rate is still very low, and only 4.3%, this main bottleneck that will can be undoubtedly increased rapidly as ev industry future development.

It just must be as person of outstanding talent if being based on the prior art for continual mileage and the outstanding power performance of overlength can be obtained simultaneously Magnificent grade electrocar is such: can only be together with its control using the battery of larger capacity and more powerful driving motor simultaneously System.Such as kerb weight reaches the electrocar of 2100kg or so, in order to obtain max. speed, the 500- of 250km/h or more The primary charging continual mileage of 1000km long and the ideal power performance of hundred kilometers of acceleration time 3-5s, motor and driving The maximum power of control system just needs up to 400-600kW, and lithium battery capacity also needs up to 100-200kWh；This will further lead Dramatically increasing for integral vehicle cost and car weight is caused, keeps car fare expensive, also strongly limits the rapid of the commercial applications of electric car Popularization and promotion.

Light earth surface small vehicle belongs to civil field more, but commercially available the primary of popular electric car most at present is filled It is only more kilometers of 150-200 or so of electric continual mileage, too short compared with fuel-engined vehicle, quick charge but charging time are enabled in addition It is still too long, just become maximum doubt of the consumer when purchasing vehicle trade-off decision.Consider because of the car purchaser of most of electric cars Primary factor is exactly the length of its primary charging continual mileage, this charging pile construction speed and distribution density also far from Under the present situation matched, if vehicle midway is cast anchor without electricity, car owner undoubtedly will sink into maximum awkward predicament.

Second is it is expected that electric car has an outstanding power performance as fuel-engined vehicle, especially it is in need most High speed and hundred kilometers of shorter acceleration time, it so can just be higher by line efficiency.Certainly, traffic safety is comfortable, worth Or it is quality-high and inexpensive be also make purchase, using decision an important factor for.

Existing power battery --- it is presently mainly the lithium ion battery based on electrochemical energy storage principle, performance still solves This never good contradiction is not still the ideal power source of the following electric car.Current main scarce of onboard power lithium battery Point is: specific power is too low --- be unable to high current charge-discharge and charge and discharge number is limited ---, and service life cycle is short (only 500-2000 times), and it is still not exclusively friendly to environment；Electric energy is not easy to control in use process: the voltage of monomer battery is low (only 3.2/3.7V) --- high-power high voltage power supply often need sections up to a hundred or more than connect, there is necessary balance charge/discharge, lead to electricity Pond management system (BMS) is complicated, and reliability is low；In addition its electrolyte is non-water system at present, still there is the danger of catching fire.This Outside, cost is still high, involves great expense, and specific energy is still smaller, to limit the development growth rate of electric vehicle industry.And it is electronic The driving motor of automobile is in starting moment motor because revolving speed is zero --- without counter electromotive force equilibrium, very big starting electricity will be generated Stream, will cause very big damage Ru without restriction to the power battery of electric car.And it is determined according to on-vehicle battery capacity Maximum discharge current such as limited as starting current, just again can with vehicle accelerating ability equidynamic can guarantee generate Otherwise big contradiction can only increase the capacity of on-vehicle battery again, but it is overweight excessively high with manufacturing cost that vehicle weight will then occur A series of problems.

Commercial electrocar usually largely be used to needing frequent starting, acceleration and deceleration or the city of parking state of cyclic operation (such as NEDC operating condition) downward driving, it the numerically Chang Kejian for the continual mileage that once charges and drives at a constant speed to have between operating condition and about reduces The difference of 15%-30% or so.To reduce vehicle price, expanding sales volume, battery and accordingly choosing that manufacturer is often used low capacity The driving motor of smaller power is selected to reduce cost, therefore its power performance is just same with the engine with larger displacement or power Class fuel-engined vehicle is just very big compared to gap.In addition, automobile is in the process of moving, brakes consumed energy and account for total driving energy 50% or so, as can effectively recycling braking energy, so that it may the operating range of electric car be made to extend 10%-30% or more.

Existing small vehicle, especially car, either fuel vehicle or electric vehicle, in economic speed (such as 50/60km/ H) all very little compared with driving at a constant speed required power maximum power required when Acceleration of starting or climbing under.It is negative from power of vehicle The demand of power of vehicle is generally only the 1/4 even less of peak power when can be seen that stable operation in load figure.Such as electronic In automobile introduce can high-power output short-time rating energy-storage system and electrochemical energy storage system concurrent working, it is possible to ideally Solve this contradiction.

It usually requires to take into account balance cost, continual mileage and dynamic property when the electric vehicles such as electric car are in master-plan Contradiction between energy.But it is often difficult to choose on selection on-vehicle battery capacity and maximum drive power, basic reason is that Current electrochemical energy storage cell all cannot high-power (i.e. high current) charge and discharge, otherwise will lead to battery earlier period damage or make it Service life greatly shortens.Limitation of the limited capacity of its on-vehicle battery to maximum allowable discharge current, immediate constraint are permitted Perhaps the power of the vehicle maximum drive motor and driving control system that use, and then determine that vehicle power performance is promoted upper Limit.

Flying wheel battery then can be exportable with small size or stores powerful energy in short-term, and specific power often may be up to 1- 5kW/kg is even higher, is approximately 5-25 times or more of current driving force type lithium battery.Such as using it as power-assisted battery --- i.e. Capacity cell and lithium battery group, which are combined into compound energy undoubtedly, will become Future New Energy Source automobile and the design of other electric vehicle ship energy It is ideal solve new departure, also have some research papers in this respect and deliver.

Flywheel energy storage is much better than electricity particularly suitable for pure electric vehicle or hybrid vehicle system, high-power charging and discharging capabilities The power battery of chemical energy storage, therefore can effectively meet the need of vehicle launch, acceleration, climbing and high-peak power when overloaded It asks.Acceleration period in typical city driving cycles operating condition, flying wheel battery can provide required function big in short-term to vehicle Rate；During deceleration or braking, the high-power energy in short-term that the motional inertia of car body generates again can be largely by flywheel electricity Cell system absorbs rapidly, because capacity is limited, is limited by the limitation of maximum allowable charging and discharging currents seldom as power battery.And Flywheel capacity cell is also significantly better than the super capacitor used on short distance full-sized bus at present in volume and cost.

Federation Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) is the advanced motor racing tissue of world car Sport Administration mechanism and the world, should Can just explicitly indicate that in October, 2009 will support flying wheel battery strongly from now on.Pure electric automobile will realize high dynamic property Can, it is necessary to heavy-duty motor discharged in short-term with the high-power energy of flying wheel battery and switch technology in conjunction with.New energy such as lithium Though ion battery is existing, specific energy with higher --- single battery has reached 200-300wh/kg at present, is limited to not Energy high current charge-discharge, undoubtedly its advantage will mainly serve for ensuring long continual mileage side required for driving at a constant speed operating condition from now on Face.It is single by the battery-powered situation of electrochemical energy storage power electric to change current electric car, selects combination of the two power supply It is fixed to have complementary advantages, bring out the best in each other as compound new energy, best balance can be obtained between vehicle performance and cost, therefore will One of whole design scheme optimal at present can be become, also should be the development trend of industry and direction in the regular period from now on.

With being continuously increased for global auto recoverable amount, the quantity of traffic accident is also increasing rapidly therewith, traffic accident injury Die the great society problem having become in global range with car body damage.According to the statistics of the World Health Organization, the whole world is every year about There are 1,200,000 people to die of traffic accident traffic accident.Vehicle side turning is a kind of high-incidence, the serious friendship that can occur rapidly and have fatal risk Interpreter's event, the extent of injury are only second to collide, occupy second, constitute great threat to the security of the lives and property of the mankind, bring Serious disaster.It is shown according to the statistics of traffic accidents data of some countries, though wherein rollover, rollover accident institute in traffic accident Accounting example is not high, but the caused death rate is up to 30% unexpectedly.When automobile generates rollover, driver often has little time to take effectively Measure, and turn on one's side, the harm of rollover accident be then it is fatal, therefore, vehicle side turning has become one kind safety that the world attractes attention and asks Topic.

Limousine, the degree of safety of sports car is high, is not easy to overturn, special mainly because its car body is relatively heavy or center of gravity is lower It is not that its is firm in structure --- intensity, rigidity are high: it has used the very high high strength steel manufacture chassis of ratio and vehicle body, therefore sends out Cause to overturn with the probability of damage when raw collision with regard to small.But car body is overweight and it is very big necessarily to consume energy when running at high speed, and is in addition guarantor Extra heavy engine or driving motor must just be used by demonstrate,proving high power performance, so as to cause high oil consumption, maximum discharge or high electricity Consumption, this undoubtedly forms sharp contradiction with energy-saving and environment-friendly requirements of the times.And do not have the common sedan-chair of luxurious car feature largely Vehicle is only the main body of road, how to ensure its traffic safety, prevents rollover and rolling, it is clear that is that most important innovation is ground Study carefully one of project.

Cause the factor of vehicle side turning very much, especially breaks away and bend racing, main Types, which are stumbled, turns over (Trip- Over), throw and turn over (Flip-over), pendant turns over (Fall-over) etc..It is counted according to the parties concerned, about 95% rollover event is " tripping rollover ", only 5% is racing on road to rollover.But with head-on crash, side impact events proportion by It gradually reduces, the ratio of rollover accident is then in the trend being gradually increasing, and the characteristics of often show major break down.In view of its importance With harmfulness, each cart enterprise of the world usually all attaches great importance to the research to vehicle side turning early warning, the i.e. power based on vehicle operation Model is learned, real-time monitoring is carried out to the vehicle body attitudes such as angle of heel and its angular speed, side acceleration, steering angle, manipulated parameter, and Its transverse load rate of transform (LTR) or side acceleration etc. is calculated with control algolithm according to early warning to be predicted.When predicting side Incline when will reach capacity operating condition will alert in advance, with remind driver to pay attention to and prepare in advance, take it is corresponding Measure is to avoid accident generation.

Though the active safety that car for guarding against side turned over can be improved is sounded an alarm before potential traffic accident generation, but if not having Can confrontation rollover direct effective means, automobile active safety that just can't at last truly.If referring to maturation Spacecraft Attitude Control technology can directly generate effective, contrary with turning on one's side moment of resistance when turning on one's side and occurring and give Though preventing --- especially the plumb line of tire grounding point is not yet crossed in rolling in body gravity or be more than that angle is little When be prevented from the generation of rollover and this major traffic accidents that roll, it is clear that will be for ensureing that occupant's person life and property are pacified Entirely, the damage for reducing car body will all be of great significance.

Counteraction flyback (RW) has obtained in the spacecrafts such as satellite, airship field as the critical component of attitude regulation Extensive successful application.Counteraction flyback is installed in interior of articles, it can be effective by the countertorque that driving counteraction flyback obtains The posture of ground control object of which movement.And the biggish object of quality is when occurring quick wide-angle attitudes vibration, it is general just to need greatly Countertorque prevent, be the physical basis that may make up car for guarding against side turned over and realize active safety based on this principle.New energy The development trend of electric car is that lightweight is realized using new material with more environmentally-friendly energy conservation, it is apparent that when being more difficult to solve collision Anti- overturning ability promotion.It can be seen that anti-rollover realizes that active safety realizes lightweight development to New-energy electric vehicle Also critically important.

Increasingly accelerate with the continuous development of world economy, the continuous improvement of human living standard, urbanization process, terrain vehicle More and more, traffic congestion, parking/bicycle parking are difficult, it has also become global problem.

Two wheeler especially bicycle is the efficient vehicles that the mankind invent earliest.With 4 wheel vehicles compared with, motorcycle with from Driving equally have land occupation less, the main advantages that small in size, running resistance is small, power consumption is few, manufacturing cost is low.But this kind of front and back two The maximum the disadvantage is that without closed railroad car of vehicle (also referred to as single-track vehicle) or its power type vehicle is taken turns, cannot keep out the wind and take shelter from rain, also not Energy sunshade is gone to a winter resort.Its basic reason is: vehicle travel or stop under the low speed before all without Self-balancing, be not able to maintain Uprightly, parking when must also by driver separate both legs, with foot and ground face contact or put down bracket support to guarantee car body not It causes to overturn.

Make a general survey of countries in the world personal and family's vehicles the maximum amount of at present --- the service condition of 4 wheel cars, absolutely The use state of most of time is all only 1-2 passenger, or only driver oneself, this is undoubtedly a very big waste. It, undoubtedly will significantly if as two-wheel electric automobile with Self-balancing can be transform considerable part in existing 4 wheel automobile Alleviate road traffic congestion and this puzzlement of parking difficulty, also by more environmentally-friendly energy conservation.

In recent years, new things are undoubtedly had shown that derived from the novel self-balanced two-wheel electric automobile that battery-operated motor cycle is born Distinctive powerful vitality.It not only have it is small in size, land occupation less, the innate advantage that at low cost, low energy consumption, and have in quilt When collision vehicle body can overturning-free considerable safety advantage, this energy conservation and environmental protection, traffic safety and traffic congestion, parking/ It will play a significant role surely in solution in the Modern City Traffics problem such as bicycle parking difficulty.As used the appearance based on flywheel gyroscopic effect State control technology is for small-sized electric car and boat etc. and can be allowed to realize that high safety, cost effective and realization are produced in enormous quantities rapidly, To undoubtedly there are important commercial value and social benefit.Regrettably, although the sample car occurred earliest has 7 years as long as so far, But still be showed no and be able to achieve volume production and enter market, essence is also in the concept car stage.

Study carefully the physical essence of its flywheel energy storage Yu flywheel gesture stability, is to have high rotation dynamic based on high speed flywheel rotor On the principle of energy.To obtain high mechanical kinetic energy, in addition to the gyrating mass m that can increase flywheel rotor, increase radius of turn r and rotation Tarnsition velocity ω will be more effective.But as previously mentioned, in practical applications, these parameters are by various limitations, especially Flywheel rotor angular velocity of rotation ω is by the stringent limitation by the strength of materials, and vehicular applications are also to the weight of flywheel gear and body Product space, license installation site etc. also have many restrictions requirement.

When flywheel rotor works under very high revolving speed, several factors all may cause the failure hair of catastrophic effect It is raw.For example, being rushed due to manufacturing with crackle caused by fault in material and extension, bearing failure or outside in flywheel manufacturing process It hits.Once rotor bursts, huge kinetic energy possessed by the high energy fragment to fly out under the action of the centrifugal force will be to periphery Equipment, personnel form great security threat.It can be seen that, it is necessary to it is complete from safe and reliable, good economy performance angle Face considers, thoroughly overcomes the manufacture difficulty of the prior art, involves great expense, security risk flywheel rotor technical application popularization this kind of greatly Biggest obstacle could really succeed.

Therefore up to the present, in application fields such as small-sized car and boat, the developer face of flywheel energy storage and attitude control system The ultimate challenge of the technology and application faced actually is still safety first.FIA (FIA) and its fleet also all using safety as The top priority of kinetic energy recovery system (KERS), although this problem is not proposed significantly in correlative study paper directly. Especially to the containment problem of high speed flywheel rotor burst, it is necessary to it tries one's best, avoid occurring to the maximum extent, though or occur Also it can effectively prevent its fragment to fly out, to guarantee the personal safety of flywheel rotor periphery personnel and avoid the damage of peripheral equipment.

Flywheel safety problem must first be in design and test phase can obtain almost ideal solution with as a result, It just can ensure that the fly wheel system then produced has enough safeties, could relievedly be used by user, this usually also needs to set Count out can almost entirely prevent flywheel rotor occur explosion after fly out improve safeguard measure.According to fracture mechanics, not only to prevent Only ductile rupture, it is also necessary to prevent brittle fracture, and make great efforts to reduce the generation for the various other relevant faults for causing explosion to occur Probability.

Flywheel rotor is also resided in the particularity that compact car bateau neck domain is applied: the running environment very severe of automobile, not With the vibration on road surface, starting, acceleration, deceleration, steering and condition of road surface of automobile etc. all can be to the fortune of vehicle-mounted flywheel rotor Row has an impact.The gyroscopic effect of high-speed energy wheel battery is caused due to the automobile change in flywheel shaft orientation in motion Flywheel rotor generates additional gyroscopic procession torque in constraint, this will also cause excessive additional pressure to machine components such as bearings Power, so as to lower damage parts or service life.Moreover, gyroscopic effect may also also become the possible new vibration noise of system Source.Therefore, must consider comprehensively in design.The gyroscopic effect of flywheel rotor is then both that gesture stability can be used Basic physical principle basis, it is also necessary to it prevents it from car and boat movement is manipulated and being stablized and generates any adverse effect, in order to avoid cause to hand over Interpreter's event.The above is all major subjects to be solved by this invention.

Summary of the invention

In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of high safety, multi-functional, inexpensive, corpusculum Long-pending, compact-sized, simple installation moves the car and boat body of small-sized car and boat, manipulates noiseless, multipurpose --- high power can be provided The fast charging and discharging of energy storage and the dual-purpose concentric reversion free wheels electromechanical assembly of the energy storage attitude control that the big moment of reaction exports.

The present invention solves the problems, such as that technical solution is used by the prior art exists: using a pair of of structure, shape, size, Material, manufacturing process and function is identical or substantially identical flywheel rotor component, along its enclosure bottom mirror symmetry, Axis is concentrically placed, and two bottom plates are connected, are combined, are secured and sealed over together as the concentric of mechatronics integration structure Invert free wheels electromechanical assembly.In addition, to the explosion-proof of the flywheel rotor component, anti-flying out using the new of 4 security protections again Structure is especially also equipped with and fragment is flown out and can efficiently be prevented --- effective New Measure that energy-absorbing slows down.

Further, two flywheel rotor components are mounted in respective package shell, and two flywheel rotor components all have can As independent energy storage (FESS) or counteraction flyback (RW) complete function.Two flywheel rotor components are mutually with radial symmetric structure Shell bottom plate lower edge flange interconnect, then with the positioning of annulus or partial circle shape key or pin make two components keep True concentric, and the connection of two components, fixation are become whole close with the fasteners such as screw, rubber seal or silicone rubber for sealing etc. Envelope, mirror symmetry, concentric, the compact-sized, physical battery with high power energy storage that is easily installed and high-torque attitude control The electromechanical assembly of actuator function.

Further, the working principle of this electromechanical assembly is: cooperating external dynamoelectric machine driving control system that can divide When work, energy storage or gesture stability function can be executed respectively.When being used as Fly wheel energy storage system, dynamoelectric machine can be passed through And its external drive control device absorbs the charging of external high-power energy in short-term, the angular speed for quickling increase flywheel rotor；Or Otherwise: it is generated by external DC-DC reversible transducer and external loading high-power energy output in short-term conversion-i.e. high speed flywheel is turned The quick deceleration electric discharge of son.When being used as counteraction flyback (RW) progress gesture stability, pass through dynamoelectric machine and its driving Principle that the angle plus/minus speed that controller quickly changes flywheel rotor accelerates or brakes generates the high level moment of reaction in short-term Output.The identical properity of each freedom of two flywheel rotors and the dynamoelectric machine subassembly of parameter drive, and are based on two flywheels Rotor assembly bottom plate connects the mirror symmetry relationship of plane, when flywheel rotor is with identical revolving speed (the i.e. angle speed of same absolute Degree) rotation, due to integrally seeing that it is completely opposite that it is turned to from device --- it is formed to turn, therefore the angular momentum of device and gyroscopic effect produce Raw precession moment will be cancelled completely.

Further, two flywheel rotor components include zero of identical or nearly identical quantity and structure Part, including flywheel rotor and motor/generator subassembly, flywheel rotor, shell and end cap, newel, protection and energy are inhaled Receive the parts such as main components and sensor, fastener, locating piece, sealing element such as ring.Flywheel rotor subassembly, which is fitted in, to be turned On sub- axis, it is installed in component rotationally together together with the rotor of dynamoelectric machine subassembly through base bearing support In shell.In the case where motor is outer rotor, the rotor and flywheel rotor subassembly group of dynamoelectric machine subassembly are combined into one Body.The cavity that dynamoelectric machine subassembly is integrally installed into flywheel rotor subassembly central lower is interior and concentric with it, makes group Part compact overall structure has shortest axial length.The stator component of motor and flywheel rotor, rotor are concentric.In electricity In the case that machine is internal rotor, stator, the rotor of dynamoelectric machine subassembly are all installed in larger-diameter central post portion In part, rotor is installed on center shaft, is directly connected to flywheel rotor subassembly.

Further, flywheel rotor subassembly includes flywheel rotor component, bearing cover, rotor end cap, magnetic up and down Steel shoe, various fasteners and protection reinforcing layer etc..

Further, dynamoelectric machine is high speed three-phase permanent magnet brushless motor, synchronous motor or reluctance motor.To three-phase Permanent magnetic brushless or synchronous motor, the electromagnetic topology of motor are few number of poles, fractional-slot concentratred winding structure.Tooth socket number is Z= 3i, i=2,3 ... 6, number of magnetic poles 2p=2j, j=1,2 ... 5；The combination priority of slot number number be Z/2p=3/2,6/4,6/8, 9/6,9/8,9/10,12/4,12/8,12/10,18/4；Winding is the single winding construction of per tooth, can get the smallest winding coil Perimeter, shortest tip lengths and low internal resistance.Motor includes rotor, stator and its coil assembly, position sensor and lead, connects Line terminals etc.；The stator core of motor and coil assembly are pressed with inner hole or outer circle and key positioning, are fixed on shell bottom plate On the center post piece at center.When motor is outer-rotor type, stator winding part is fitted in its outer circle；It is interior when working as motor When rotor-type, stator winding part is fitted in its inner hole.The advantages of number of magnetic poles 2P=2 is that available monoblock type magnetizes rotor, benefit In dynamic balancing, and magnetic field and alternating current frequency are minimum, and high-frequency vortex iron loss is small；The advantages of number of magnetic poles 2P=4 is winding overhang It is short, span is small, copper loss is small, but 1 times high when the alternative frequency of the magnetic field of number of magnetic poles 2P=4 and electric current ratio 2P=2, therefore high frequency iron loss It is big.

Further, center post piece includes newel, central axis, base bearing, waveform spring pad, locking nut etc., is used Fastener positioning, the center for being fixed on shell bottom plate, the location and installation base as flywheel rotor and dynamoelectric machine subassembly Plinth.Newel is hollow structure, is pivotably supported flywheel rotor subassembly by central axis and base bearing.

Further, protection and energy absorption ring component include outer ring, energy absorption stub axle pin or screw, energy-absorbing layer And inner ring.It is fixed after flywheel rotor explosion, fragment fly out first to break up inner ring, and occur with energy absorption stub axle pin or screw Collision；This collision process system conservation of energy, the transient process of momentum-exchange: its kinetic energy largely translates into stub axle pin or screw The bending deformation of extension can be absorbed, fraction is then dissipated with other form of energy such as sound energy, thermal energy.Process is initially Fragment body contacts with the short pin or screw being knocked, deforms and will be separated by as low as maximum, then two bodies rebound respectively after reforwarding It is dynamic, until being finally stopped.

Further, case member include shell, end cap, bearing cover, motor lead-out wire electric connector, be coupled it is tight Firmware, sealing element, or there are also pumping/air inflation nozzle, air valve, water cooling pipelines etc..Bearing cover has protection bearing, spring flange, Or there are also 1/2 Permanent-magnet bearings.

Further, sensor includes: Speed of Reaction Wheels sensor, motor rotor position sensor, electromechanical assembly inclination angle or Multiaxis micro-machine acceleration/gyrosensor detects the sonic transducer or acoustic emission sensor, vibration of overall operation vibration noise Sensor, current vortex/proximity sensor of detection flywheel rotor displacement, detects the temperature sensor of bearing and motor stator temperature Deng being respectively placed in the suitable position of component.The lead of each sensor is drawn via bottom plate lower part, is electrically connected device and external control Circuit connection processed.Device has exception safety control, mainly by installing sonic transducer or sound emission, vibrating/displacement on the shell Sensor signal triggering, once sensor detects that abnormal noise or vibration occurs in inside --- especially high-decibel strike note, By flywheel rotor deceleration, rupturing duty power supply and it will stop powering to dynamoelectric machine rapidly by outside hub control unit. Some vehicles are equipped with the anti-rolling system (ERM) of anti-rollover system (RMI), electronics, electronic brake force distribution system (EBD), vehicle Kinetic-control system (VDC) etc., for ensuring vehicle stabilization state under extreme case, guarantees the safety of driver and passenger.At this Such as used sensor signal is identical or available as the present apparatus in a little systems, then identical sensor can not have to peace in the present apparatus It sets, signal can be taken out by above system for controlling or alarming.

Further, free wheels electromechanical assembly according to the present invention is mainly used as the high-powered sources in car and boat load compound energy And attitude control device, the power of device: P=mr²ωε.To obtain high power, flywheel rotor quality m can only be increased and angle accelerates It spends ε (rad/s), and r, ω have been defined, ε is then determined by the output torque of flywheel rotor dynamoelectric machine, therefore can only be in rotor Quality m value, i.e. m=ρ π (R are improved in the case where size-constrained_o ²-R_i ²)I.Here, ρ is density of material, and I is that flywheel rotor is axial Length (cm), remaining parameter definition are the same.

Further, the flywheel rotor main body of flywheel rotor component is an annulus, boss ratio >=0.6, by it is high-intensitive, The isotropic material of high tenacity for example alloy steel or stainless steel manufacture, material be homogeneous in the case where its rotary inertia with it is solid The contribution rate that disk is compared is up to 87%.According to the selection of material, the yield strength of flywheel rotor material of main part is preferably σ_s >=800-1100MPa, design stress safety coefficient >=2 of flywheel rotor；The vacancy of circle ring center part is for accommodating electronic/hair Motor subassembly.

Further, m is effectively improved to be especially in the case that its radius of turn Ro is limited in flywheel rotor volume size Value, while also ensuring its stress safety used, it is circumferentially uniformly distributed and is provided on the position radius of inertia r of flywheel main body Concentric grooves are made in an appropriate number of hole, with pole made of interference fit indentation high-density alloy in hole；When with one heart it is recessed It, can the annulus made of interference fit indentation high-density alloy in groove when slot structure.When toroid size is larger, annulus is also It can piecemeal split indentation.The pole of high-density alloy or the material of annulus of flywheel rotor component indentation are tungsten or tungsten alloy；It is main Body can also be un-grooved structure, directly to be interference fitted the sandwich folder for each inner ring being successively pressed into each outer ring in succession, 3 rings being made Core structure.To the application of low cost, lead can also be used to fill in groove；And it is good to unmanned car and boat or radioprotective Depleted uranium can also be used in application, pole or annulus material.

Further, the flywheel main body of flywheel rotor component can also be by high-intensitive, high tenacity cold rolling steel alloy/stainless steel Sheet stamping is made and passes through folded, button riveting and is integrated, and circumference has the circular hole uniformly gone out via flywheel rotor subassembly Upper and lower end cap penetrates rivet or screw, riveted or is fastened as a whole.Gauge of sheet can be 0.8-1.2mm, and button is folded on plate as not There are material breaks, form the circle that biggish stress is concentrated.Due to the sheet of flywheel rotor, when in the event of a burst Fly out object will be mostly thin splinter, momentum, kinetic energy and its harmfulness of fragment are just much smaller, are also easy to energy-absorbing energy dissipating.

Further, the flywheel main element of flywheel rotor component is clamped by axial end cap up and down；Flywheel rotor component Annulus main body cylindrical surface two sides rivet or fastener connect and fix with two end cap.Flywheel rotor main body and its upper and lower side After lid is connected firmly, global shape will form the hollow structure of bell jar (∩) shape, for no spoke, open-core type, spoke, wheel hub Function is by alienation: upper end cover will have the function of hub and spokes.The lower cover center of flywheel rotor only has macropore, hollow portion Divide for accommodating dynamoelectric machine subassembly, so as to make compact-sized, flattening, the axial length of component can be substantially reduced. Upper end cover is concentrically connected and fixed rotor field spider through fastener by paracentral inside；When motor is outer rotor, rotor branch The motor rotor part with magnet steel is pressed into or is cast into frame；The aperture at upper end cover center is pressed into base bearing, rotatable in central axis Ground is pressed with the stage portion of central axis again after being fixed on newel, and is compressed and fastened by locking nut, spring washer；Flywheel The connection everywhere such as wheel rim and wheel hub, wheel hub and flywheel shaft of rotor subassembly is the press-fit of no bond structure, is guaranteed with benefit Flywheel rotor has good dynamic balancing when rotating.

Further, the end cap up and down of flywheel rotor component is made of high-intensitive, high-fracture toughness aluminium alloy, preferably bends Take intensity σ_s≥450-500MPa.Produce concentric round flange in the center of upper and lower ends exterior surface；The outside of two end cap Edge diameter is identical and is greater than flywheel rotor body outer diameter 5-10mm.The marginal portion of end cap can also be made of steel alloy, then with aluminium The central part of alloy end cap is connected and fixed with fastener, is combined into one.Circle is made in the outer edge corner of upper and lower end cap Arcuation, radius of corner r >=5mm.In the external cylindrical surface shape of upper and lower end cap and flywheel main body after flywheel rotor component and end cap assembly At shallow annular groove gap in, along the circumferential direction with filament carbon fibre epoxy resin composite material and apply pretension winding, Until just filling up annular groove gap or being slightly higher than 0.3-0.5mm again and solidify reinforcing, it is quick-fried in this, as rotor is prevented The circumferential protective layer of first split.

Then, on the outer surface that the flywheel rotor component includes the cylinder entirety that upper and lower end cap is formed together, With filament carbon fibre epoxy resin composite material along end cap edge corner circular arc to in the middle part of upper and lower ends exterior surface The general tangential direction of flange is export-oriented along string and adds pretension winding, and fiber will turn again to about around flange after encountering cover flange Continue after 120 ° along the new tangential another circular arc for being directly wound into end cap edge, then winding returns again to as along axial direction, directly It will be returned again to after to the circular arc for the edge corner for encountering another end cap, and so continue to wind.So every time along difference It is new tangential and transfer, to continue to wind to general tangential tangential of the flange in the middle part of external face, so in cycles, Circulate operation, and to after the uniform thickness for all coating, and reaching 1-3mm the outer surface of entire flywheel rotor subassembly or so Resolidification is reinforced, in this, as the second radial protection layer for preventing flywheel rotor from bursting.Two protection thin layers form flywheel rotor point The dual explosion-proof protective layer of inner circumferential, the outer radial/axial direction of component is reinforced.

Further, flywheel rotor subassembly via dynamoelectric machine subassembly drive rotate, flywheel outer diameter by The linear velocity of outer rim is restricted to be no more than 240m/s.

Further, flywheel rotor component or the dynamic balance accuracy together with the flywheel rotor subassembly entirety of rotor are G0.4-G1.0 grades.

Further, dynamoelectric machine is to belong to short time duty S2 or load and revolving speed aperiodicity change duty The high power input and output type motor of S9, the working time under high-power are usually mostly 4-13s, longest stream time Typically not greater than 41s.Motor is placed in the shell of sealing, its peak power output can when being used as the energy storage of flywheel capacity cell It is 5-21 times of running hours rated power.The revolving speed of motor is in the low of the usual flying wheel battery similar product range of speeds End, maximum speed are no more than 20000r/min.The rotation speed of each flywheel rotor subassembly can be by internal electronic/hair Motor is adjusted through external motor controller and is controlled, and also be can be changed and is turned to --- it is reversed or in the same direction, can also free wheels either synchronously or asynchronously Ground adjusts its angle acceleration-deceleration or keeps constant speed.

Further, motor can be outer rotor or inner rotor core, can be axially or radially magnetic field.Electric machine stator iron is It is fixed on the newel of shell bottom plate by key positioning, indentation.Due to the iron loss of motor and 1.3-1.5 times of magnetic field alternative frequency Side is proportional, therefore electric machine iron core preferentially uses the slim silicon steel sheet laminated combination of high magnetic conduction, high-frequency low-consumption, to reduce in height Eddy-current loss under revolving speed.To the present apparatus, stator core is to be punched by the high-frequency low-consumption silicon steel sheet of thickness 0.2-0.35mm, is folded It compresses and is made after button riveted；Stator core can also be for by monoblock type SMC (Soft Magnetic Composite) powder metallurgy pressure The iron core of system, or the smaller amorphous fe-base alloy winding of high-frequency loss and split manufacture also can be used；Or may be designed in for Iron-free cored structure.Machine winding is single winding construction.Increase to reduce high-frequency loss caused by high frequency kelvin effect, absolutely by band For the flat oxygen-free copper stripe of edge layer with monolithic or multi-disc multilayer, stacked winding, insulating layer is preferably PI；Winding can also be by thoroughly doing away with edge more Enamel covered wire and around；The thickness of flat oxygen-free copper stripe is preferably 0.5-0.7.When winding is wound using flat oxygen-free copper stripe, Lead in adjacent teeth between winding is connected as overlap welding, coats insulation processing after welding again.Machine winding and rotor position sensing The lead-out wire of device is drawn in the appropriate location of the bottom plate lower part of shell.The magnetic steel material of rotor is the neodymium iron of high temperature resistant rank Boron or SmCo, when number of poles is under the topological state of few number of poles, such as 2P=2,4, magnet steel can be still made of muti-piece magnet, can be used The magnetic steel structure of Halbach array formula；The electromagnetic topology of slot number number is preferentially selected as the structure of fractional-slot concentratred winding, to obtain It obtains short winding perimeter and tip lengths and reduces copper loss.

Further, the magnet steel cylinder of motor rotor part makes of soft ferromagnetic material, is used as magnetic yoke.When motor is outer turns It is mounted indentation when subtype or is cast into the rotor field spider cavity on flywheel rotor end cap；Permanent-magnet steel is arranged and is glued at Rotor rim inner surface, magnetic steel structure can be interaction polar NS arrangement, but can also piecemeal make the arrangement of NNSS.It or can also be interior It inserts formula (IPM): but in such cases, magnetic yoke can be same as motor stator --- use silicon steel sheet overlapping instead, every magnetic pole is by two The same polarity plate magnet steel of block V-arrangement arrangement is formed, and the both ends of every block of magnet steel are provided with air magnetic bridge in magnetic yoke, to prevent Generate larger leakage field.

Further, newel is made of the good high-strength aluminum alloy of thermal conductivity；Central axis is the solid or empty of short step Mandrel, material can be high-intensitive medium carbon alloy steel or stainless steel.

Further, the base bearing of parts of bearings is the angular contact of the close pearl of minor diameter silicon nitride ceramics, stainless steel inner and outer ring Composite bearing；For often there is the use under the occasion of severe jolt, duplex bearing can be symmetrically used back-to-back in pairs, or increase again Add protection bearing to increase safety；Protecting bearing is the ball ball bearing for having bigger outer annular diameter and width than base bearing；It is main Bearing and protection bearing are grease lubrication, are protected between the outer ring of bearing and the hole of bearing block between can having 0.08-0.11mm or so Gap.

Further, case member includes shell, end cap, bearing cover, protection reinforcing layer, electric connector, is coupled tightly Firmware, sealing element or there are also pumping/air inflation nozzle, water cooling pipeline etc.；Bearing cover band protects bearing or there are also other 1/2 permanent magnetism Bearing.

Further, protecting with the outer ring of energy absorption ring component is high tenacity steel cylinder, and inner ring is by non-high tenacity The thin-walled cylinder of engineering plastics manufacture, inner and outer ring are concentric.

Further, the outer ring with energy absorption ring component is protected, is radially uniformly provided with centainly with axial in its ring wall The step through-hole of quantity, indentation impact energy absorbs short step steel shaft pin in hole, or tap out uses steel again in ring wall hole Short screw processed screws, and is coated with anti-loose anaerobic adhesive etc. with spring pad or in its connecting portion to prevent its loosening.Each short step Pivot pin or screw are made of annealing rod iron, and prominent outer ring inner surface certain length simultaneously forms array；The outer diameter of inner ring cylinder with The inscribed circle diameter that the extended tips of each short step pivot pin or short screw are formed is essentially identical, connect and keeps concentric.Inner and outer ring Both ends also can be used end cap end socket sealing to be integrated.Space between inside loop and outside loop can also inject flexible suction before the capping of shell end cap Energy material, energy-absorbing material can be intelligent collision protection gel etc..Each short step pivot pin or screw are for preventing flywheel just in case occurring The collision energy-absorbing of the fragment to fly out when explosion slows down, this protection is protected with energy absorption ring as the third for preventing rotor burst from flying out Sheath.

Further, shell and end cap are made of the metal material such as steel alloy or aluminium alloy etc. of higher-strength, outside end cap Surface is formed with reinforcing rib.The reinforcing of filament carbon fibre epoxy resin composite material thin layer, carbon fiber can be wound outside the cylindrical wall of shell The thickness for tieing up layer can be 3-8mm, this can be used as the 4th radial protection layer for preventing rotor burst from flying out.When shell and end cap by compared with When high-intensitive aluminium alloy is made, shell and end cap inner surface can added with, be laid with the steel alloy of high tenacity or stainless sheet steel is made Protection board, gluing is coated with the axial heavy seal coat of carbon cloth work to plate again outside.

Further, shell is all-sealed structure, the contact surface or stop portion of each end face be respectively arranged with O-shaped rubber seal ring or Filling sealed it can use silicon rubber.It is not evacuated after shell sealing, but the common gas of industry: hydrogen or helium can be filled with.Dress With with after the completion of preliminary survey, enclosure interior can will extract air by the air exhaust nozzle with small-sized air valve in shell, then be re-filled with hydrogen Gas or helium and by bore seal, gas pressure are 1 atmospheric pressure (atm) left and right of slightly above ambient pressure, can when being filled with helium It is mixed into 11% or so nitrogen.Since housing interior volume is limited, the required gas usage being filled with is seldom.So selection hydrogen or It is only the 1/14 or 1/7 of atmospheric density respectively that both gases of helium, which are due to its gas density, and wind resistance and gas density It is directly proportional, therefore windage loss will significantly be reduced as proportional to density.In addition revolving speed belongs to low speed again, and windage because with revolving speed It is square directly proportional, then windage is smaller under the slow-speed of revolution.What two kinds of combined factors acted on is pumped into very again as a result, being just completely unnecessary It is empty.Other benefits selected in this way are: the thermal coefficient of two kinds of gas respectively 6.7 times higher than air with 5.6 times, therefore radiate than empty Gas is more preferable, and without the disadvantage that vacuum state radiates without convection current difficulty, the reduction of overall temperature rise is to the functional reliability for improving the present apparatus It will be highly beneficial.

Further, it is also opened on flange (i.e. the combinations of the two flywheel rotor support plates) edge at middle part on present apparatus shell Equipped with mounting hole, can be connected and fixed with fastener and the bracket on vehicle, floor.Mounting bracket can be directly fixed on vehicle, hull The upper surface of bottom plate or bottom surface.But no matter the present apparatus, which is horizontal or right angle setting, the present apparatus, only makes it about after being fixed The height of half exposes the surface of bottom plate.

Further, for the application of large torque, mounting flange can also be respectively arranged on outside the end cap of two flywheel rotor components End, is connect respectively with the bracket on the bottom plate of car and boat or frame, keel by the flange at component both ends and forms consolidating for both ends double bracket Determine structure.

Further, this electromechanical assembly when only by it is dedicated make flywheel capacity cell energy storage when, can make two flywheel rotor axis hang down It directly installs, or horizontal can also be installed in ground in ground, control is adjusted by dynamoelectric machine and drive control device, synchronize it, With revolving speed reversely rotate；The draw ratio of preferred flywheel rotor is less than 1.When the present apparatus is also used as gesture stability --- be, for example, It prevents from car body rollover, hull from subtracting to shake or for before and after keeping when the upright self-balancing of two wheeler, two flywheel rotor axis horizontally edge Vehicle, hull y direction are installed on the center of car and boat body, and can be equal and same in absolute value by dynamoelectric machine drive control device It is adjusted under conditions of step increase and decrease, the angular acceleration or angular deceleration of control flywheel rotor, its rotation side can be changed when necessary or also To the moment of reaction flexibly to form required direction.

Further, when flywheel rotor component vertical operation, make to reduce the axial load of base bearing, extending base bearing Permanent-magnet bearing with service life, upper flywheel rotor component can be pulling force magnetic bearing, and the Permanent-magnet bearing of lower flywheel rotor component can be to push away Power magnetic bearing.The permanent magnetism concentric loop that Permanent-magnet bearing is identical, axially opposing for a pair of of size and interval is little, but upper pulling force bearing Upper half ring can also save --- can be replaced with soft ferromagnetic material.And when rotor quality with respect to bearing allow carrying load very Hour, the Permanent-magnet bearing can also not have to.

Further, when flywheel rotor subassembly horizontal operation, Permanent-magnet bearing is the different permanent magnet circle of a pair of of diameter Ring, the outer diameter of small circle ring are less than the internal diameter of large circle, there is gap, two surfaces between outer round surface and large circle internal circular surfaces It magnetizes to form same polarity concentric type thrust magnetic bearing；And Permanent-magnet bearing can also not have to when rotor quality is smaller.

Further, the present apparatus realizes the multi-functional of a tractor serves several purposes, is to be carried out in the way of time-sharing work to complete its function It can conversion.When normal work, device is predisposed flywheel capacity cell mode；When need to use gesture stability function, then will first it fly Capacity cell operating mode is taken turns to stop.It is used as executing agency using counteraction flyback (RW) function, using simple control algolithm The gesture stability of car body can be realized simultaneously and as the dual role requirement for the flying wheel battery type power energy.

Further, when device is used as flywheel capacity cell, two flywheels are first charged to rapidly maximum speed, in case vehicle Starting, accelerate or when the high load capacities such as climbing can repid discharge can discharge rapidly offer Gao Gong in short-term to vehicle drive control system Rate can be such that vehicle power performance is significantly promoted；In vehicle deceleration, slide and when brake, two flywheels, which are first in, to be discharged To low speed state, after can be rapidly charged and expeditiously withdraw car body inertia kinetic energy；It is then subjected in emergency braking short When large current charge.The control of charge and discharge is via external reversible DC-DC buck-boost converter and fly-wheel motor drive control device Or it can also cooperate external super capacitor and electrochemical energy storage cell, or can also be combined with vehicle mounted kinetic energy motor (MGU-K) etc. and is outer Portion's functional device works, so as to the requirement of charge or discharge state needed for energy flexible adaptation.When car and boat switch lock turns off Afterwards, be stored in the electric energy in super capacitor can gradually boost by the DC-DC of variable step-up ratio store into power battery after again It is all off.The boosting of the present apparatus and charging circuit can also rely on the intermediate battery supply of external low capacity during this period.Due to The revolving speed of two flywheels is synchronous, goes up and down at the same speed, and the angular momentum of apparatus of the present invention can be made to be cancelled completely with gyroscopic couple effect.

Described device is being used as gesture stability --- and it is by counteraction flyback (RW) when such as anti-side is turned over, rolls or rolls Mode works, and designs the manipulation rule of attitude control law and flywheel, such as first two flywheels are preset at the 1/2 of maximum speed, After receiving the signal for applying reaction force torque, will or incorgruous synchronously fast lifting in the same direction by assigned direction, with given The equal angle acceleration, deceleration degree increase and decrease of absolute value, offsets with the output moment of reaction, balances or reduces extraneous torque to car and boat body The interference of movement.

Compared with existing car and boat flying wheel battery and attitude control technology, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

(1) high safety

A. 4 security protections again are provided with --- according to Based on principles of crack mechanics, it is contemplated that the parts of high-strength material are sometimes still Brittle fracture occurring in the state that stress is far below yield strength, this is dangerous, to prevent flywheel rotor contingency explosion from flying Out, the present invention is used only a small amount of, thin layer high strength filaments carbon fiber epoxy resin composite material and carries out wrapping protection: to flywheel Circumferential direction and the radial/axial protection of rotor part main body are reinforced；To the container of flywheel rotor --- the shell external cylindrical surface of device It does circumferential direction and the axial of end face makees protection reinforcing；Also especially indentation has protection and energy absorption ring component to shell --- it utilizes short The bending deformation of pivot pin or screw array adds flexible energy-absorbing new material energy-absorbing again, forms flywheel rotor just in case bursting because of fragment It by effective energy-absorbing deceleration also difficult perfect, the reliable safeguard procedures to fly out, enables the user to trust, is flywheel technology in the people With and vehicle-mounted product in wide scale security application lay a good foundation, and for 4 wheel electric cars anti-rollover, roll with prevent turn over Rolling improves power performance, and high efficiente callback braking energy extends primary charging continual mileage, and following real for 2 wheel electric cars Now popularizing all will be significant.

B. comparison safety --- flywheel rotor has selected lower working speed and has limited the highest of flywheel rotor outer rim Linear velocity.Due to the scheme to work without using high revolving speed or ultrahigh rotating speed, the high-strength of available high safety factor has been used in addition The combination for spending isotropic material and ruggedized construction, makes design stress have high safety coefficient.In view of above-mentioned parameter referring to by Extensive security application is belonging to mature industrial rotor product --- among such as the electro spindle of numerically-controlled machine tool and high-speed motor It also is lower numerical value, therefore its degree of safety is high.

C. device is reasonably mounted at the bottom plate at car and boat body center, and center of gravity is low, even if colliding, by collision and damage Bad probability is minimum, therefore can eliminate user to safe doubt is used, and creating can be answered in the product for civilian use by large-scale popularization Prospect.

D. compared with the single flywheel capacity cell of the prior art, when as capacity cell due to the gyro of apparatus of the present invention into Dynamic effect is cancelled completely, just under complex road condition occur in movement car body manipulation interference or cause its it is out of control and Occur unexpected dangerous.

E. device has exception safety control, once in installation sound emission on the shell, vibrating/displacement sensor detect There is abnormal noise, especially high-decibel strike note, vibrates or occur abnormal displacements in portion, will be fast by outside hub control unit Speed alarms and cuts off the power after flywheel rotor slows down rapidly, stops powering to dynamoelectric machine.

F. the flywheel rotor of the present apparatus makees material of main part using high strength alloy steel, but due to being to be turned by increasing flywheel Protonatomic mass m improves its rotary inertia or energy storage capacity, therefore need to just increase density of material in the case where radius size is limited and adopt Use high specific gravity material.But high specific gravity material is taken usually without enough intensity and is inserted into high ratio in high strength alloy steel The method of heavy metal significantly improves the equivalent mass of flywheel rotor and does not increase its volume.Due to the high specific gravity in the present invention Alloy is protected by the encirclement of peripheral high strength alloy steel, is just no longer limited puzzlement by self-strength is low, not only can ensure that safety, Also increase the freedom degree of design.

(2) inexpensive

A. the cost of the present apparatus can be greatly lowered compared with existing product, and because main material belongs to compared with cheap material, price is only There is the part even 1/10th of similar product, and easily fabricated, therefore is easy to reach the target of low cost.

B. since the working speed of flywheel rotor belongs to the low rotation speed area of similar product, with this corresponding, wheel rim linear speed Degree still dominant speed range, is filled with the more hydrogen or helium smaller than atmospheric density, wind resistance and windage loss all very littles again in addition, with regard to nothing It also must need not purchase vacuum pump again using vacuum level sealing shell and structure and do troublesome subsequent working service again.

C. compared with the vehicle-mounted gesture stability prior art, similar technique uses control-moment gyro (CMR) more, therefore must have Frame, frame bearing, precession motor and its precession electric machine controller etc..Further, since control-moment gyro is solo flight wheel construction, Setting must also be inverted parallel with two flywheels could eliminate gyroscopic procession torque to car body position variation and vehicle movement manipulation Influence, therefore volume and area occupied are big, weight weight, and manufacturing cost dramatically increases.The present invention is double using the single reversion of structure Flywheel and the use simplest counteraction flyback technology of structure, more completely dispense with double set frames and frame bearing, precession motor And its automatically controlled equal devices, not only control is simple, structure member is few, and high reliablity, is purchased and manufacturing cost is also greatly lowered.

D. low working speed is corresponding to the present apparatus, using than electromagnetic suspension bearing, superconductive suspension bearing it is cheap, simple More boron nitride (Si₃N₄) ceramic-metal inner and outer ring composite bearing, it can also increase that structure is extremely simple, cost in flywheel rotor component Cheap Permanent-magnet bearing --- it is only for reducing the load of base bearing, prolong its service life, and do not dramatically increase cost.Therefore Compared with similar products compared with cost reduces significant.

(3) multi-functional, multipurpose

The prior art is mostly usually single-use, or is used as energy storage, or be used as attitude control.The present invention is based in view of two kinds of purposes The inertia and gyroscopic effect of flywheel rotor, it is contemplated that can time-sharing work, therefore can realize a tractor serves several purposes.This not only can be based on power electricity Pond function increases substantially vehicle power performance, realizes braking energy high efficiente callback and regeneration, the primary charging continual mileage of extension Or battery capacity used in reducing, the anti-rollover and rolling, spitkit of kart can be also used for based on its attitude control function Anti- shipwreck shake with subtracting, for reducing Road traffic injuries, to die rate significant with property loss.In addition, attitude control function is used for Front and back two wheeler is able to achieve not fall uprightly, self-balancing, can also be achieved at low cost, land occupation less, the two-wheel electric automobile that low energy consumption Big universal, this is obviously also significant for alleviating road traffic congestion, the worldwide traffic problem of bicycle parking hardly possible.

(4) compact-sized, small size, convenient for placement

Since car and boat inner space is limited, thus it is stringent more than the requirement to its weight to the volume size of inner facility, and The requirement for whether being suitable for its installation site is more very harsh.

A. the weight of this electromechanical assembly usual proportion very little compared with the weight of the small-sized car and boat class vehicles, such as Application to common electric car, the 1/20-1/40 that the weight of apparatus of the present invention is generally about less than its kerb weight is even less, Therefore do not constitute to its significant the problem of increasing weight, and overall performance and value of the product instead can be significantly due to the advantage that the present invention realizes It is promoted.

B. flywheel rotor is made into hollow bell shape by the present invention, and component system flattening design, this is it is contemplated that respectively to same Property material flywheel main body annulus when its boss ratio be R_i/R_oWhen=0.6, the numerical value of rotary inertia and solid disk it Than --- 87% is just had reached to the contribution rate of rotary inertia.And the spaciousness that dynamoelectric machine is put into its annulus completely is hollow Partially (R_i=0.6R_o) in thus compact overall structure, axial dimension can be made short, device volume is small.

C. due to joined high-density alloy in flywheel body, equivalent density and rotary inertia are all than being not added high specific gravity It is significantly increased when alloy, therefore small size, high-power store kinetic energy or the output of high attitude control torque equally can be achieved, have higher quality Or volumetric power density.

D. be especially: the present invention is concentric by two identical or substantially identical flywheel rotor component mirror symmetries Ground is combined, external also to form synchronized synchronous reversion with same motor drive controller synchronous variable-speed, is completely eliminated The adverse effect of its angular momentum and gyroscopic procession torque effect, thus it is small in size, take up space few, occupied area then can at least be reduced 1/2, installation, control are also simpler.And similar product mostly places two single flywheel rotor member parallels, not only land occupation is big, And between two component mounting bases part interconnected when flywheel central axis changes orientation with car body --- for example turn to, Or it all may be by the effect and generation of big precession gyroscopic couple in the case where step-out occurs for two flywheel rotors when body sway , also easily there is strength problem in big vibrating noise.

E. design according to the present invention, due to installation of the present apparatus on bottom plate be with shell in the middle part of flange be fixed on vehicle On the bracket in floor center, not only installation is simple, and because can usually make one semi-convex backplate surface, therefore in compartment, cabin Interior longitudinal direction is highly increased by seldom, does not influence rationally and efficiently using for vehicle hull interior space usually, and it is overall reasonable to be also easy to Layout.Due to the design of minimum volume, base areas very little is occupied, when for electric car to energy-storage battery on chassis Layout also influences little.

(5) output power is high, attitude control torque is big, high-efficient, low in energy consumption

The present apparatus use belong in short-term, the high power input and output types electricity of load and revolving speed aperiodicity change duty New design of the machine as the dynamoelectric machine of flywheel rotor, therefore can work under high current and can get very high angular acceleration, This be the present apparatus can as high-power battery, big attitude control torque output can be obtained, and have the key of small size, high performance characteristics One of.The design of few number of poles, the brushless, permanently of fractional-slot concentratred winding and winding conductor flattening or synchronous motor can make electricity Machine winding perimeter and end are short, and copper loss and iron loss are small, high-frequency loss is low, thus it is high-efficient, total power consumption is low.

(6) high production rate is easy to high-volume automated production and popularizes

Since the present apparatus is mainly with efficient mature production technology --- machining manufactures, in addition its process-cycle It is short, it is high in machining efficiency, and these are exactly that product is able to achieve large quantities of volume productions, the premise of popularization and application.

(7) extending driving range or the vehicle-mounted capacity of energy-storage battery can be reduced, and extends power battery service life

A. then compound energy can be formed with conventional lithium battery etc. when the present apparatus is used as the high-power battery of electric car, followed The primary charging continual mileage (such as under NEDC operating condition) of ring operating condition method can under economic speed per hour (such as 50/60km/h) in Number of passes value is close, can extend 15-30% or so.Momentary high power needed for vehicle launch, acceleration will be mentioned by high-power battery For, and electrochemical energy storage lithium battery is only mainly for the energy needed for driving at a constant speed under operating condition.Vehicle is required when starting, accelerating Though momentary high power is high, the practical very little of its gross energy, such as general car, in city state of cyclic operation downward driving, typical case is required Starting, the high-power energy accelerated are generally only 200-300wh or so.

B. the electric car of the prior art is since the limitation of vehicle-mounted electrochemical energy storage battery capacity and charging and discharging currents cannot It is excessive.And energy-storage battery capacity is small, internal resistance and line impedance are just big, in the frequent starting of state of cyclic operation method, acceleration, slow down Energy consumption is with regard to big in journey, and the high efficiente callback because that can't be directly realized by big braking energy is regenerated and is wasted.Then using the present apparatus Limited few, internal resistance is small and can bear high current, thus can realize braking and slide, descending when energy high efficiency recycle, have and answer It can save energy many examples of 25% or more fuel-economizing with flying wheel battery.Power battery is rushed since charge and discharge high current can be reduced It hits, therefore can also significantly extend the service life cycle of power battery.

C. for example guarantee the comprehensive operating condition of existing vehicle charge next time continual mileage length it is constant, then using of the invention The existing 15-30% of battery total capacity or so used can be then reduced after device, this is in current lithium battery price still valuableness, battery system System cost accounted for integral vehicle cost about 1/3-1/2 or more than in the case where, then can significantly reduce vehicle cost, to New energy electric The popularization and application of automobile will undoubtedly play a significant role.In addition, primary charging can be extended if the battery total capacity used is constant Continual mileage 15-30% or so.

(8) high power performance

For existing New-energy electric vehicle due to being restricted by price, on-vehicle battery capacity is limited, but does not use heavy-duty motor With large capacity energy-storage battery, just it is difficult to obtain better power performance.Short hundred kilometers of acceleration time, faster max. speed, Bigger climbing and lifting capacity, this only can use high-power, large torque motor/engine and large capacity energy-storage battery S-class car, be just able to achieve on sport car, but its price is very expensive, public users can be bought absolutely not.The device of the invention It is combined with existing electrochemical energy storage cell, on-vehicle battery capacity can not increased and cost can only make in slightly increased situation General car can obtain the power performance increased substantially, or even (only on-vehicle battery energy is several hardly increasing energy consumption 1 percent！) in the case where be expected to obtain the levels of hallmark parameters close to S-class car, sport car grade, this undoubtedly will be big The commodity and use value of amplitude promotion general car.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is the vertical section structure schematic diagram of flywheel rotor component of the invention.

Fig. 2 is the vertical view outside drawing of flywheel rotor component of the invention.

Fig. 3 be the present invention combined by a pair of of flywheel rotor component, the exterior frontal view of the present apparatus of horizontal setting.

Fig. 4 be the present invention combined by a pair of of flywheel rotor component, the external side view of the present apparatus of horizontal setting.

Fig. 5 be the present invention combined by a pair of of flywheel rotor component, the exterior frontal view of the present apparatus of positioned vertical.

Fig. 6 be the present invention combined by a pair of of flywheel rotor component, the external plan view of the present apparatus of positioned vertical.

Fig. 7 is that the flywheel rotor main body of flywheel rotor component is pressed into the structural schematic diagram of high-density alloy stick.

Fig. 8 is to make radial protection to flywheel rotor subassembly with filament carbon fibre composite material, carry out tangential winding duration Path, direction and the front-view schematic diagram sequentially of silk.

Fig. 9 is to make radial protection to flywheel rotor subassembly with filament carbon fibre composite material, carry out axial winding duration Path, direction and the schematic side view sequentially of silk.

Figure 10 is the tooth pole structural schematic diagram of 9 slot of External-rotor electric/generator subassembly, 6 pole rotor component.

Figure 11 is the tooth pole structural schematic diagram of 6 slot of External-rotor electric/generator subassembly, 4 pole rotor component.

Serial number in above-mentioned figure: 00 general flywheel rotor component, component on 01 flywheel rotor, 02 flywheel rotor lower component；Outside 1 Shell, 2 outer rings, 3 stub axle pins, 4 energy-absorbing layers, 5 inner ring, 6 end caps, 7 flywheel rotor main bodys, 8 high-density alloy sticks, 9 flywheels turn Sub- lower cover, 10 flywheel rotor upper end covers, 11 Permanent-magnet bearing lids, 12 Permanent-magnet bearing A, 13 Permanent-magnet bearing B, 14 bearing caps, 15 waves Shape elastic washer, 16 protection bearings, 17 big locking nuts, 18 wave spring washers, 19 central axises, 20 ceramic angular contact base bearings A, 21 newels, 22 stator cores, 23 windings, 24 wave spring washers, 25 ceramic angular contact base bearing B, 26 small locking nuts, 27 shell circumferential direction protective layers, 28 partial circles or wholecircle annular positioning key, 29 rotor baffles, 30 motor rotor racks, 31 Magnet steel cylinder, 32 magnet steel, 33 stator winding lead-out wires, 34 bottom plates/end cap protection board, 35 bottom plates/end cap protect reinforcing layer, 36 rotors Circumferential protective layer, 37 rotor radial protective layers, 38 winding connection terminals, 39 terminal boxes, 40 mounting holes, 41 installation direction marks, 42 stator core keys, 43 rivets, the mounting flange of 44 liang of package shell floor combinations, the installation bottom of A flywheel rotor component combination Face.

Specific embodiment

A specific embodiment of the invention is further illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawing.The present invention uses object and use to different Environmental requirement, structural principle according to the present invention can make the different design of various parameters, specification.Here, only can be applied to Some embodiments of the dual-purpose concentric reversion free wheels electromechanical assembly of the energy storage attitude control of electrocar as apparatus of the present invention.

Embodiment one: as shown in Figure 1, 2, flywheel rotor component is with can be used as independent flywheel energy storage or counteraction flyback (RW) complete function.Flywheel rotor component includes flywheel rotor and dynamoelectric machine subassembly, flywheel rotor, shell and The parts such as main components and sensor, fastener, locating piece, sealing element such as end cap, newel, protection and energy absorption ring.

Referring to Fig. 3,4 and Fig. 5,6, this electromechanical assembly is by a pair of identical flywheel rotor component 00 or nearly identical Flywheel rotor component 01,02 form.Two flywheel rotor components, along 1 bottom surface A mirror image of shell or so or symmetrical above and below, center line It concentrically places and combines.The face bottom plate A of the shell 1 of component is then that center line mutually controls along face or front and back is at hemihedrism knot Structure interconnects two components integrally mutually with the flange 44 of 1 bottom plate lower edge of shell, fixed with partial circle or wholecircle annular The position positioning such as key 28 or pin make two components keep true concentric, and connect two components with fastener, rubber seal etc., is solid Determine, combine, becomes the concentric free wheels electromechanical assembly of integral sealing, mechatronics integration structure；

Electronic/power generation of the identical structure of two each freedom of flywheel rotor subassembly, parameter and performance of two flywheel rotor components The connection of machine subassembly drives or is driven；Flown based on the mirror symmetry relationship of two flywheel rotor support plates connection plane A, two When taking turns rotor part and passing through external identical drive control device driving by respective motor, since flywheel rotor is controllable --- it can be with It is identical turn to, revolving speed synchronously go up and down and will be formed through mirror image steering it is antipodal to turn, therefore the angular momentum of the present apparatus, top Spiral shell precession effect can be cancelled completely.

Fig. 3,4 show the present apparatus being made of a pair of identical flywheel rotor component 00, are suitable for flywheel rotor Axis is horizontally mounted, and can be both applied alone and be made flywheel capacity cell, can also be applied alone and be made counteraction flyback (RW) --- and i.e. gesture stability is held Row device can also be had concurrently both functions by time-sharing work.

Fig. 5,6 show the present apparatus being made of a pair of substantially identical flywheel rotor component 01 and 02, are suitable for The right angle setting of flywheel rotor axis is mainly applied alone and makees flywheel capacity cell.

The difference of component 01,02 and 00 is only that the slightly different in structure of its Permanent-magnet bearing.The flywheel rotor of component 01,02 Axis is right angle setting, therefore the Permanent-magnet bearing of component 01 is parallel suction bearing, and the Permanent-magnet bearing of component 02 is due to the position of mirror image Set parallel thrust bearing that is reverse, therefore being necessary for same polarity.And such as Fig. 3,4, when the placement of two component levels, therefore component can be complete Mutually isostructural 00, the permanent magnet circle ring that Permanent-magnet bearing then can be different for a pair of of diameter, the outer diameter of small circle ring is less than great circle The internal diameter of ring, outer surface and great circle ring inner surface same polarity and has gap, therefore is concentric ring thrust Permanent-magnet bearing.Due to this For the prior art, therefore it is not shown.But when flywheel rotor quality is smaller, no matter component is 00 or 01,02, this Permanent-magnet bearing To can all not having to yet.

Referring to Fig. 1, flywheel rotor subassembly include flywheel rotor component, Permanent-magnet bearing cover, rotor upper end cover 10, under The rotor circumferential direction protective layer 36 of the fasteners such as end cap 9, rotor baffle 29, rivet 43, screw and flywheel rotor subassembly turns Sub- radial protection layer 37 etc..

Flywheel rotor component includes: flywheel rotor main body 7, high-density alloy stick 8.

Permanent-magnet bearing cover includes: Permanent-magnet bearing lid 11, Permanent-magnet bearing A 12.

Dynamoelectric machine subassembly includes motor stator component and motor rotor part.

Motor stator component includes electric machine stator iron 22, stator winding 23, stator winding lead-out wire 33 and stator iron Heart key 42.

Motor rotor part includes magnet steel cylinder 31 and magnet steel 32.

Shell and Cover members include: bearing cover, shell 1, end cap 6, shell circumferential direction protective layer 27, partial circle or Wholecircle annular positioning key 28, bottom plate/end cap protection board 34 and bottom plate/end cap protect reinforcing layer 35, or there are also pumping/air inflation nozzles (not shown) etc..

Bearing cover includes: Permanent-magnet bearing B 13, bearing cap 14, wave spring washer 15, protection bearing 16.

Center post piece includes: big locking nut 17, wave spring washer 18, central axis 19, ceramic angular contact base bearing A 20, newel 21, wave spring washer 24, ceramic angular contact base bearing B 25 and small locking nut 26.

Protection and energy absorption ring component include: outer ring 2, stub axle pin 3, energy-absorbing layer 4, inner ring 5.

Sensor includes: rotor revolving speed, position sensor；Inclination angle or multiaxis micro-machine acceleration/gyrosensor, Acoustic emission sensor, the vibrating sensor of detection operating vibration noise, detection flywheel rotor position/displacement current vortex sensing Device detects bearing and the temperature sensor of motor stator temperature etc., is respectively placed in the appropriate location of component.Or it can also borrow vehicle Ship has available sensors to reduce the type, quantity that this electromechanical assembly itself need to be equipped with.The exception safety of the present apparatus controls, main If by installing sound emission, the triggering of vibrating/displacement sensor signal on the shell, once sensor detects that internal appearance is different The normal sound --- especially high-decibel strike note or abnormal displacements, vibration will will be flown rapidly by external centralized control unit Rotor deceleration and rupturing duty power supply are taken turns, stops powering to dynamoelectric machine.

As shown in figure 4, flywheel rotor main body 7 is an annulus, boss ratio Ri/Ro >=0.6.Flywheel rotor main body 7 Diameter and maximum speed are limited to be no more than 240m/s by the maximum linear velocity of flywheel outer rim, and design stress safety coefficient is answered ≥2。

Flywheel rotor main body 7 is manufactured by high-intensitive, the isotropic material such as steel alloy of high tenacity or stainless steel forgings. Can be numerous with material category, such as: 40CrNiMoA, 4340,45CrNiMoVA, 18Ni-250,0Cr13Ni8Mo2Al, 25Cr2Ni4MoV, 17-7PH, M250,300M etc. can be determined according to the actually required technical performance of the present apparatus and objective cost.It is excellent The yield strength σ of material selection_s>=900MPa, elongation percentage δ >=11% should also there are certain requirements the fracture toughness of material.

Referring to Fig. 7, circumferentially evenly distributedly it is provided on the position of the radius of inertia of flywheel main body 7 an appropriate number of Hole is pressed into pole 8 made of hyperbaric tungsten alloy with interference fit in hole, and tungsten alloy material has many available, such as 93W- 4.9Ni-2.1Fe, WG8 etc..

Referring to Fig. 1, end cap 10,9 is made the rotor of flywheel rotor subassembly of high-intensitive aluminium alloy up and down, workable Aluminium alloy is also very much, 7075,7050,7055,7A55,7150,7475 etc., preferably its yield strength σ_0.2>=500MPa, prolong Stretch rate δ >=11%.

Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 7, flywheel main body 7 is clamped by axial end cap up and down 10,9, the interior foreign steamer of flywheel rotor main body 7 The inside and outside joint of edge and upper and lower end cap 10,9 is interference press-fit.The cylindrical surface two sides of flywheel main body 7 and two end cap 10,9 With the connection of rivet 43 and rivet clasp.With lower cover thereon through riveted be connected firmly it is integral after, global shape will form bell jar The hollow structure of (∩) shape, upper end cover 10 will be with the functions of hub and spokes.

At the upper surface center of the upper end cover 10 of flywheel rotor subassembly, Permanent-magnet bearing cover is fixed with fastener screws Part.The central small hole of the upper end cover 10 of flywheel rotor subassembly for rotatably flywheel rotor subassembly to be fixed in On the central axis 19 of stem component.The connection of the upper end cover 10 and flywheel central axis 19 of flywheel rotor subassembly is no bond structure Press-fit guarantees good dynamic balancing when flywheel rotor rotation with benefit.

In the concentric grooves of the lower section inner surface of the upper end cover 10 of flywheel rotor subassembly, then connected with fastener screws Fixed rotor field spider 30.And in the inner surface of rotor field spider 30, it is pressed into or is cast into the motor rotor part with magnet steel 32 Magnet steel cylinder 31.The lower section of rotor field spider 30 is screwed magnet steel baffle 29, and material is nonmagnetic metal, such as aluminium closes Gold.

The center of the lower cover 9 of flywheel rotor subassembly only has macropore, hollow space can be used to all to accommodate it is electronic/ The entirety of generator subassembly significantly reduces the axial length of component so as to make compact-sized, the flattening of the present apparatus.

Produce the identical and concentric round flange of diameter, two end cap in the centre of the outer surface of upper and lower ends lid 10,9 Outer edge diameter it is identical and be greater than 7 outer diameter 5-10mm of flywheel rotor main body.Arc-shaped, fillet is made in its outer edge corner Radius r >=5mm.

After flywheel rotor component and upper end cover 10, lower cover 9 assemble, in upper and lower end cap 10,9 and flywheel rotor main body 7 In the shallow annular recess slot gap that outer circle ring surface is formed, along the circumferential direction with filament carbon fibre epoxy resin composite material and apply Add pretension to wind, to just fill up or slightly higher than 0.5mm until and solidify reinforcing, in this, as preventing flywheel rotor explosion from flying The circumferential protective layer of first out；

Referring to Fig. 8,9, upper and lower ends exterior surface produces concentric round flange close to centre, is for long filament carbon Fibrous composite winding, as the second radial and axial protective layer for preventing rotor burst.

Its winding method is: in the outer surface of flywheel rotor subassembly entirety, with filament carbon fibre epoxy resin composite wood Material vertically end cap 10,9 edge corners circular arc to general tangential with the flange in the middle part of the outer surface of upper and lower ends lid 10,9 Tangential additional pretension winding, about 120 ° are turned again to after encountering flange and is continued along new tangential directly around upper and lower ends lid 10, another corner circular arc on 9 edges, then winding return again to as turn along axial direction, up to encountering another end cap edge Angle circular arc just returns again to, and continues along the different new tangential strings general tangential to the flange in the middle part of another external face Winding outward；So in cycles, upper and lower end cap two sides circulate operation, and extremely by entire flywheel rotor subassembly in addition to flange All solidify after cladding and the uniform thickness for reaching 1-3mm or so outside surface and reinforce, so as to form flywheel rotor main body 7 is prevented Burst the radial and axial any enhanced protection layer of second to fly out.Fig. 8, the label on 9 middle lines, sequentially with arrow schematically indicate long Sequence, the position and direction of silk carbon fiber coiling；Solid line indicates the position of the carbon fiber line winding in end cap visible face, dotted line table Show the position that filament carbon fibre line is wound on the invisible face of end cover back side.

It is winged that two protective layers form the inner circumferential layer 27 to flywheel rotor component, outer radial, the dual explosion-proof of axial layer 37 Protectiveness out is reinforced.

Flywheel rotor subassembly should be G0.4-G1.0 grades together with the whole dynamic balance precision of motor rotor part.

The dynamoelectric machine subassembly of embodiment illustrated in fig. 1 is the 3 phase permanent-magnet brushless electricity of external rotor radial magnetic field structure Machine, winding are that star Y connects.

Motor is the high power input and output type motor of short time duty, its maximum work output when being used as flywheel capacity cell Rate is 5-21 times of running hours rated power；Its longest stream time is typically not greater than 41s.

The slot number of the dynamoelectric machine stator core 22 of Figure 10 embodiment is Z=9, rotor magnetic pole number 2P=6；And Figure 11 Another embodiment stator core 22 slot number be Z=6, rotor magnetic pole number 2P=4.Since the electromagnetic topology of its slot number number is The structure of fractional-slot concentratred winding, therefore can get shortest coil perimeter and tip lengths, therefore copper loss (impedance loss) is small.Due to Rotor magnetic pole number is less, and the magnetic force line frequency of magnetic pole cutting stator and winding is with regard to low when rotation, therefore iron loss is also low, electric efficiency It is high.

Referring to Fig. 1, the magnet steel cylinder 31 of motor rotor part is by the 10 of low-carbon^#Steel is made, and is used as magnetic yoke.31 quilt of magnet steel cylinder It is pressed into or is cast on flywheel rotor upper end cover 10 in the cavity of fixed rotor field spider 30.

Referring to Fig. 1,10,11, the material of the magnet steel 32 of rotor is the neodymium iron boron NdFeB of high temperature resistant rank, such as N35UH or N40UH etc. is made of muti-piece magnet.Permanent-magnet steel 32 is arranged and is glued at the inner surface of rotor magnetic steel cylinder 31, magnetic Steel construction is the polar NS arrangement of interaction, and radial magnetizing can be used, can also use parallel magnetization.

Electric machine stator iron used the high-frequency low-consumption silicon steel sheet of thickness 0.2 to be punched, compresses and is made after folded button riveted. The silicon steel sheet trade mark may be, for example, 20JNEH1200.Electric machine stator iron 22 and coil assembly are positioned by key 42, be pressed into fixed in In the outer circle of the newel 21 of 1 bottom plate of shell.

Motor stator winding 23 is winding on single tooth.Increase to reduce to be lost caused by high frequency kelvin effect, by band The flat oxygen-free copper stripe of polyimides (PI) insulating layer is wound with monolithic or multi-disc multiple field, and the lead between adjacent slot winding connects It is connected in overlap welding, coats insulation processing after welding again；The thickness of flat oxygen-free copper stripe can be 0.3-0.7mm.

(position is conventional in stator core outer edge to the lead-out wire 33 and rotor-position sensor of motor stator winding 23 Technology, therefore be not shown) aperture of the lead-out wire in the bottom plate lower part appropriate location of shell 1 draw.

Center post piece is located in the center of 1 bottom plate of shell and is fixed with fastener screws, and as flywheel rotor The basis of subassembly and the positioning of dynamoelectric machine subassembly, installation.

Newel 21 is hollow structure.Central axis 19 is loaded into newel through base bearing 20,25 and wave spring washer 24 It is axially located in 21 hollow space and on newel 21, and then flywheel rotor point is pivotably supported by central axis 19 Component.Base bearing 25 is locked with small locking nut 26 and spring washer in 19 lower end of central axis.The big lock in end on it Tight nut 17 and wave spring washer 18 fix base bearing 20 together with flywheel rotor subassembly integral locking.

Central axis 19 be Step Shaft, material be medium carbon alloy steel, such as 35CrMo, 38CrMoAl, 40Cr, 40CrNiMoA etc..Matching between the centre bore and axis 19 of flywheel rotor subassembly upper end cover 10 is combined into no key interference press-fit.

Base bearing 20,25 is the silicon nitride (Si of stainless steel inner and outer ring₃N₄) ceramics angular contact composite bearing.Ceramic bearing is logical It can often work in the range of 75,000r/min revolving speed below, but depend on its revolving speed characteristic value D_mN value (D_mFor bearing pitch diameter, mm；N is working speed, r/min), to grease lubrication, D_mN=(2-3) x10⁶mm.r/min。

It is pressed into the upper end of central axis 19 in the aperture at 10 center of flywheel rotor subassembly upper end cover, and is pressed in bearing 20 On ring, then wave spring washer 18 is passed through by big locking nut 17 and is compressed, to complete its axially position and fixation.Central axis 19 Lower end then by small locking nut 26 be spring washer be pressed on the inner ring of lower base bearing 25 with complete on newel 21 can Rotation is fixed.

Shell 1 and end cap 6 are also made of the metal material aluminium alloy of higher-strength, and 6 outer surface of end cap is formed with reinforcing rib.Outside Can wind the reinforcing of filament carbon fibre epoxy resin composite material thin layer 27 outside the cylindrical wall of shell 1, carbon fiber layer with a thickness of 3mm, as the fourth circumferential protective layer for preventing rotor burst from flying out.The inner bottom surface of end cap 6 and shell 1, which overlays, is equipped with high tenacity Steel alloy or stainless steel plate make protection board 34, the outer gluing of plate is covered with carbon cloth 35 and makees axial heavy seal coat.It is selectable Carbon fiber is such as: T300, T700, T800 etc..

Protection is pressed into shell 1 with energy absorption ring component 2-5, and outer ring 2 is high tenacity steel cylinder, inner ring 5 For the thin-walled cylinder manufactured by non-high-toughness engineering plastic；Inner and outer ring has interval between the two --- it is stretched for stub axle pin 3 or screw The energy-absorbing layer 4 that portion is formed out, this protection are anti-as the third for preventing flywheel rotor explosion from flying out with energy absorption ring component The energy-absorbing of sheath and the high energy fragment to fly out.

The formation of energy-absorbing layer 4: a certain number of radially are provided with axial be uniformly distributed in the external annulus of outer ring 2 Rank through-hole, the short step pivot pin 3 of indentation in hole, or tap out and spring pad is added is screwed into short screw again in ring wall through-hole, Or locking anaerobic adhesive etc. also is coated with to prevent its loosening in screw connection point.Each stub axle pin 3 or screw are annealing steel and Protrude the certain length of outer ring inner surface --- form array.When by strong impaction, the extension of stub axle pin 3 or screw can It occurs bending and deformation.The basic phase of inscribed circle diameter that the outer diameter of 5 cylinder of inner ring is formed with each stub axle pin 3 or short screw extended tips Together, inner and outer ring 5,2 is made to keep concentric.

Outer ring 2,5 both ends of inner ring also can be used end cap end socket and are fixed as one.Gap in energy-absorbing layer 4 can also fill Energy absorbing material, such as intelligent collision protection gel.

The protection of the present apparatus and energy absorption ring component are mainly with the bending deformation of stub axle pin 3 or screw extension structure Form energy-absorbing.Flywheel rotor explosion fragment will collide after flying out with energy absorption stub axle pin 3 or screw, the big portion of kinetic energy Dividing fast transition is bending deformation energy, and fraction is then dissipated with other form of energy such as sound energy, thermal energy.

The material of protection and the outer ring 2 of energy absorption protection ring is the steel of high tenacity, such as 40Cr；Short axle pin or spiral shell The material of nail can be the A3 or 20 of annealed state^#-45^#Steel；Inner cylinder is made of general engineering plastic, such as PS, non-high impact-resistant ABS；This protection is with energy absorption ring component as the third radial protection layer for preventing rotor burst fragment from flying out.

Referring to Fig. 3-6, two flywheel rotor components (00 or 01 and 02) are mounted in respective shell 1.It will knot a pair of of in this way Structure, shape, size, material, manufacturing process and the substantially identical flywheel rotor component 00 or 01 of function and 02 are along 1 bottom of shell Face A mirror symmetry, shaft centre line are concentrically placed, are mutually mutually connected with the flange 44 of shell bottom plate lower edge radial symmetric structure It connects, so that two components is kept true concentric with partial circle or the positioning such as wholecircle annular positioning key 28 or pin, and tight with screw etc. Two components are connected, are fixed, combined by firmware, rubber seal etc., just become integral sealing, mirror symmetry with one heart, Compact-sized, mechatronics integration structure, and be easily installed, physical battery and counteraction flyback with high power energy storage (RW) the concentric reversion free wheels electromechanical assembly of high-torque gesture stability function executor.

When two flywheel rotor subassemblies 00 or 01 are combined with 02 shell 1, in the contact surface or stop portion groove of end face A (not shown) is sealed with O-shaped rubber seal ring or filling silicone rubber for sealing.With after the completion of preliminary survey, present apparatus enclosure interior can for assembly It is filled with helium or hydrogen, pressure is 1 atmospheric pressure (atm.) left and right of slightly above ambient pressure；11% can be mixed into when being filled with helium The nitrogen of left and right.

Present apparatus system time-sharing work is to complete its power and energy: when normal work, component is placed in flywheel capacity cell mould Formula；When enabling gesture stability function, first flywheel capacity cell operating mode is stopped.

External other matching system structure overviews: external to be used to guarantee what low speed drove at a constant speed by lithium-ion-power cell group Continual mileage length requirement.In addition, can also separately install the super-capacitor module and DC-DC essentially identical with present apparatus energy storage capacity additional Charging pressure-boosting current-limiting circuit will be used to buffer to the charging of battery in short-term.

When this electromechanical assembly is used as flywheel capacity cell function, two flywheel rotor subassemblies are first charged to maximum speed, In case being provided in short-term when the high load capacities such as vehicle launch, acceleration or climbing through driving motor and control system of the repid discharge to vehicle High-power electric energy.When the revolving speed of flywheel rotor subassembly reaches maximum speed, then stop charging to two flywheel rotor subassemblies； When the revolving speed for detecting two flywheel rotor subassemblies drops to a certain ratio, such as when -10%, can be supplemented with external power supply to it Charging is to be maintained at section near maximum speed.

Vehicle deceleration, slide, descending and when brake are electrically charged, the driving that car body inertia kinetic energy can be passed through car body The electric energy that dynamoelectric machine etc. inversely converts expeditiously is withdrawn, and driving motor is subjected in emergency braking to be become generating electricity The large current charge energy storage in short-term of machine output: charge and discharge are by the reversible DC-DC buck-boost converter outside this electromechanical assembly and fly Turbin generator controller carries out, and the revolving speed of two flywheels is still synchronous, goes up and down at the same speed, so that its gyroscopic procession torque effect is supported completely Disappear.

For this electromechanical assembly when being used as gesture stability function, work by counteraction flyback (RW) mode: two flywheels can be pre- It sets at such as the 1/2 of maximum speed；It, will be by assigned direction synchronously to give after receiving application reaction force torque signals The i.e. reversed increase and decrease revolving speed operation of the angle acceleration, deceleration degree fixed, absolute value is equal so that the present apparatus generated in assigned direction it is total defeated It is equal to the moment of reaction of 2 times of single flywheel rotor component out.

Apparatus of the present invention embodiment one, major parameter: flywheel rotor body outer diameter Φ 245mm, thickness 52 are inserted into 18 directly The equivalent density of diameter Φ 25mm tungsten alloy stick rear flywheel rotor: ρ=11.22g/cm³.This is almost identical as the density of lead, material Density increases 44% compared with all steel rotor.Total the moment of inertia of reversion round trip flight wheel apparatus with one heart are as follows: 0.35kg m², rotor is most When high revolving speed is 15000r/min, birotor maximum energy storage E=228Wh.Device volume: 20L, peak power 110kw can expire The power of foot majority car, which enhances, to be required, and can realize the security function of anti-rollover.It is whole achievable high safety, low cost, small Volume, high-performance, subject invention easy to install.

Embodiment two: the main body 7 of flywheel rotor is made of high-intensitive, high tenacity cold rolling steel alloy sheet stamping, and passes through Folded, button riveting is closed or is combined into one by the adhesives such as epoxy resin bonding；The concentric small sircle hole that its even circumferential is gone out via The end cap up and down 10,9 of flywheel rotor penetrates 43 riveted of rivet or is made to become firm one with upper and lower end cap with fastening.Thin plate Thickness can be 0.8-1.2mm, and folded buckle between thin plate is no material breaks, the round rivet for not forming biggish stress concentration. Remaining structure, parameter and feature are the same as example 1, and implementation result is also identical.But since structure is thin plate, just in case rotor is quick-fried Generation is split, fragment will likely be flown out with the small pieces of low kinetic energy, and safety will be more preferable.

The related content that do not address in aforesaid way is taken or is used for reference prior art and can be realized.The foregoing is merely this hairs A part of bright specific embodiment, but be limitation of the present invention absolutely not.

Need to illustrate: according to this specification, those skilled in the art can also make such or such side of being easily varied Formula, such as equivalent way or obvious mode of texturing.In every case within principle of the invention it is made it is any modification, equivalent replacement and Improve etc., variation should be included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of dual-purpose concentric reversion free wheels electromechanical assembly of energy storage attitude control, is made of a pair of of flywheel rotor component, it is characterized in that:

A pair of identical (00 and 00) or substantially identical flywheel rotor component (01 and 02), along shell (1) bottom surface A mirror As left and right or it is symmetrical above and below, center line is concentric；Two components are mutually interconnected into the flange (44) of shell (1) bottom plate lower edge One makes two components keep true concentric, and uses fastener with partial circle or the positioning of wholecircle annular positioning key (28) or pin Two components are connected, together with fixed Combination with rubber seal, become integral sealing, mechatronics integration structure it is concentric Free wheels electromechanical assembly；

Each free structures of two flywheel rotor subassemblies of two flywheel rotor components (00 and 00 or 01 and 02), parameter and performance are complete Exactly the same two dynamoelectric machine subassemblies connection and driving, or vice versa drive the rotor rotation of dynamoelectric machine subassembly；

The dynamoelectric machine subassembly of this electromechanical assembly is permanent magnetic brushless, synchronous motor or reluctance motor, is by short When, intermittent duty work high power input and output type reversible electric machine, be outer-rotor type or inner-rotor type；Its working speed is In the low side of usual flying wheel battery range of motor speeds: maximum speed is no more than 20000r/min；The present apparatus is being used as flywheel When battery, with the fast charging and discharging of high speed flywheel --- with flywheel rotor angular speed it is quick change with generate in short-term, pulsed The absorption or output of high-power electric energy；When as gesture stability in short-term, pulsed high-power electric energy quickly change flywheel rotor Counteraction flyback (RW) principle of angle acceleration, deceleration degree generate the output of big torque in short-term；

Each flywheel rotor component (00-02) includes flywheel rotor and dynamoelectric machine subassembly, shell and end cap, protection With energy absorption ring, center post piece and sensor, fastener, sealing element；

The centre bore of flywheel rotor subassembly is fitted on the central axis (19) of center post piece with being interference fitted, through base bearing (20,25) are mounted together in shell (1) together with dynamoelectric machine subassembly and are integrally formed；Dynamoelectric machine subassembly Stator (22,23) is integrally packed into the cavity at flywheel rotor subassembly center and concentric with it；

Flywheel rotor subassembly include flywheel rotor component (7,8), upper and lower end cap (10,9), Permanent-magnet bearing cover (11,12), Motor rotor rack (30), rotor baffle (29), fastener and rotor protection reinforcing layer (36,37)；

The flywheel main body (7) of flywheel rotor component is made of high-intensitive, high tenacity alloy steel or stainless steel, in its radius of inertia Position on be circumferentially evenly distributedly provided with an appropriate number of hole or concentric grooves be made, pressed in hole or groove be interference fitted Enter pole made of high-density alloy (8) or annulus；Or main body (7) can also be more circular ring structures of un-grooved: directly with interference Inner ring is successively pressed into the sandwich structure that 3 rings one is made in each outer ring by cooperation in succession, and centre is high-density alloy ring；

The flywheel main body (7) of flywheel rotor component is clamped by axial end cap up and down (10,9), interior outer rim and upper and lower end cap The joint portion of (10,9) is interference press-fit；The end cap up and down at rivet (43) or fastener and both ends is used again in cylindrical surface two sides (10,9) it connects and is fixed into firm one；

The hollow structure of bell shape (∩) is integrally formed after being connected firmly in each components of flywheel rotor subassembly, for no wheel The open-core type of spoke --- its spoke, wheel hub function by alienation: upper end cover (10) has the function of hub and spokes, centre bore with It is compressed and is fixed by nut (17), spring washer (16) after being pressed at the step of central axis (19)；The center of lower cover (9) only has Macropore；The hollow space of flywheel rotor subassembly is for accommodating, placing dynamoelectric machine subassembly；

When dynamoelectric machine subassembly is outer-rotor type, upper end cover (10) is concentrically connected and fixed close to middle the heart channel of Hang-Shaoyin fastener There are rotor field spider (30)；The rotor part (31,32) of motor is to be interference fitted indentation or be cast into the inner hole in rotor field spider (30) In；The lower section of motor rotor rack (30) is fixed with rotor baffle (29) with fastener, to support or limiting motor The axial movement of rotor part (31,32)；When flywheel rotor subassembly and dynamoelectric machine subassembly after the assembly is completed, motor Rotor and stator component be then in alignment with each other with axial center line, have gap between radial direction；

Flywheel rotor subassembly drives via dynamoelectric machine subassembly to be rotated, and the boss ratio of flywheel rotor main body (7) >= 0.6, design stress safety coefficient answers >=2, and the maximum linear velocity at flywheel rotor main body (7) outer rim is no more than 240m/s； Flywheel rotor is G0.4-G1.0 grades together with the dynamic balance accuracy of motor rotor part；

Case member include shell (1), end cap (6), bearing cover (13-16), protection reinforcing layer (34,35), electric connector, It is coupled fastener, sealing element, or there are also pumping/air inflation nozzles, water cooling pipeline；Bearing cover includes bearing cap (14), protection bearing (16), wave spring washer (15), spring flange, or there are also other 1/2 Permanent-magnet bearings (13)；

Protection is pressed into shell (1) with energy absorption ring component (2-5), including outer ring (2), energy-absorbing layer (4) and interior Ring (5)；Its outer ring (2) is high tenacity steel cylinder, and inner ring (5) is the thin-walled cylinder manufactured by non-high-toughness engineering plastic；It is interior There is interval between outer two ring --- for the energy-absorbing layer (4) that the extension of stub axle pin (3) or screw is formed, this protection and energy Absorption ring component, can be to the high energy fragment energy-absorbing to fly out as the third protective layer for preventing flywheel rotor explosion from flying out；

The formation of energy-absorbing layer (4): a certain number of radially are provided with axial be uniformly distributed in the external annulus of outer ring (2) Rank through-hole, the short step pivot pin (3) of indentation in hole, or in ring wall through-hole tap out, be added locking spring pad be screwed into again it is short Screw, or also locking anaerobic adhesive is coated in its connecting portion；Each stub axle pin (3) or screw are annealing steel and protrude in outer ring The certain length in surface --- array is formed, can be occured bending and deformation when by strong impaction；The outer diameter of inner ring (5) cylinder and each The inscribed circle diameter that stub axle pin (3) or screw extended tips are formed is essentially identical, and inner and outer ring (5 and 2) is made to keep concentric substantially；It is interior Outer ring (5,2) both ends also can be used end cap end socket and be fixed as one；Can also energy absorbing material be filled in energy-absorbing layer (4): Intelligent collision protection gel；

Be also provided with mounting hole on mounting flange (44) edge of two flywheel rotor package shell floor combinations, for component with made Bracket installation on the bottom plate or frame of car and boat etc., keel connects and is fixed use；Application for large torque, Method for Installation The outer end of end cap (6) blue or that two flywheel rotor components can be respectively arranged on, by separately producing method in the two end cap (6) of this electromechanical assembly Orchid connect respectively with the bracket on the bottom plate of car and boat etc. or frame, keel to form both ends and fix；Mounting bracket be securable to vehicle, The upper surface of hull bottom plate or in the following, device exposes its about half height on bottom plate.

2. the dual-purpose concentric reversion free wheels electromechanical assembly of energy storage attitude control according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: device system point When work, by external control system change or switch to complete its power and energy；When normal work, component is set to flywheel power Battery mode；When enabling gesture stability function, first flywheel capacity cell operating mode is stopped, and vice versa；

For this electromechanical assembly when being used as flywheel capacity cell function, charge and discharge are by the fly-wheel motor controller outside this electromechanical assembly Or there are also reversible DC-DC buck-boost converters to carry out, the revolving speed of two flywheels is synchronous, reversion is gone up and down at the same speed, is used to form no top The charge and discharge of spiral shell torque effect；

For this electromechanical assembly when being used as gesture stability function, work by counteraction flyback (RW) mode: two flywheel rotor components can It is preset at such as the 1/2 of maximum speed；It, will be by assigned direction synchronously after receiving application reaction force torque signals With given angle acceleration, deceleration degree, that is, mutually opposing increase and decrease revolving speed operation；Or when two flywheel assemblies are in minimum speed, at this Be installed on assigned direction, synchronously with given angular acceleration, with same direction Accelerating running, will be used to by assigned direction Generate the moment of reaction that total output is equal to 2 times of single flywheel rotor component.

3. the dual-purpose concentric reversion free wheels electromechanical assembly of energy storage attitude control according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: flywheel turns The material of the high-density alloy pole (8) or annulus that are pressed into the flywheel rotor main body (7) of subassembly is tungsten or tungsten alloy；To low Lead filling can be used in the application of cost；To unmanned car and boat or the good application of protective or usable depleted uranium.

4. the dual-purpose concentric reversion free wheels electromechanical assembly of energy storage attitude control according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: flywheel turns The main body (7) of the flywheel rotor of subassembly is made of high-intensitive, high tenacity cold rolling steel alloy sheet stamping, through folded, button riveting It closes or solidification can be bonded by adhesives such as epoxy resin and be combined into one；

Rivet (43) riveted or screw that the concentric small sircle hole that its even circumferential is gone out is penetrated via the end cap up and down of flywheel rotor Fastening makes to become firm one with upper and lower end cap；Gauge of sheet can be 0.8-1.2mm；Folded buckle between thin plate is no material Rupture does not form the round snap clasp that biggish stress is concentrated.

5. the dual-purpose concentric reversion free wheels electromechanical assembly of energy storage attitude control according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: flywheel turns The end cap up and down (10,9) of subassembly is integrally made of high-strength aluminum alloy, and the edge diameter of end cap (10,9) is greater than flywheel rotor Main body (7) diameter 5-10mm；Or end cap (10) can be divided into two bodies: end cap (10) edge corresponding with end cap (9) inside/outside diameter size Part can be made of high-toughness alloy steel, the marginal portion of the end cap (10) of alloy steel again with the central part of Aluminum Alloy Cover It connected, be combined into one with interference fit with fastener again；

Arc-shaped, arc radius r >=5mm is made in the outer edge of upper and lower end cap (10,9)；Flywheel rotor main body (7) and end cap (10,9) after assembling, in the shallow annular groove that upper and lower end cap (10,9) and flywheel rotor main body (7) outer circle ring surface are formed, edge Circumferencial direction is wound with filament carbon fibre epoxy resin composite material, until just filling up groove or slightly higher than 0.5mm and solid Change and reinforce, in this, as circumferential first protective layer for preventing flywheel rotor explosion from flying out；

Then, in the outer surface of flywheel rotor subassembly entirety, then with filament carbon fibre epoxy resin composite material along end cap To export-oriented with the tangent string of the flange in the middle part of the outer surface of upper and lower ends lid (10,9) at the circular arc-shaped corner of (10,9) edge corner Winding；About 120 ° will be turned to after encountering flange to continue along new tangential directly another circle on upper and lower ends lid (10,9) edge Arc corner；Then winding returns again to be returned again at the circular arc-shaped corner at edge until encountering the other end and covering along axial direction, Another end cover surface continue along the different new tangential string extroversion windings tangent to the flange in the middle part of this external face with It turns to；So in cycles, in end cap two sides circulate operation, and it is complete to the outer surface that entire flywheel rotor subassembly is removed flange Portion coat and reach 1-3mm or so uniform thickness after solidify and reinforce, so as to form preventing flywheel rotor main body (7) explosion from flying Radial and the second protective layer of axial reinforcing out；

In above-mentioned 2 layers of protective layer to apply pretension in the winding of filament carbon fibre epoxy resin composite material always；This two The protectiveness that protective layer forms the inner circumferential (27) to flywheel rotor component, the dual explosion-proof of outer radial (37) flies out adds Gu.

6. the dual-purpose concentric reversion free wheels electromechanical assembly of energy storage attitude control according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: device makes Bearing includes base bearing (20,25), protection bearing (16) and Permanent-magnet bearing to (12,13)；Base bearing (20,25) is small The close pearl of diameter silicon nitride ceramics, stainless steel inner and outer ring compound angular contact bearing；For often having under the occasion of severe jolt Use, it is multiplicable --- i.e. in pairs, back-to-back symmetrically use duplex bearing, or can also be further added by protection bearing (16) with increase Safety；Protection bearing (16) is to have the inner and outer ring of larger diameter and width than base bearing (20,25), can bear bigger load Ball ball bearing；Base bearing (20,25) and protection bearing (16) are grease lubrication；Protect outer diameter and the permanent magnetism/guarantor of bearing (16) Protecting between the bearing hole internal diameter of bearing cap (14) can there are the gaps of 0.08-0.11mm；

The Permanent-magnet bearing used in the present apparatus is mainly the load for reducing base bearing, is prolonged the service life；

When the flywheel rotor component of the present apparatus is in vertical operation, the Permanent-magnet bearing of upper flywheel rotor component is two to (12,13) Different, the attracting pulling force magnetic bearing of the magnetic polarity of opposite face；Permanent-magnet bearing when as lower flywheel rotor component to (12,13) then Become as two opposite face magnetic polarities are identical, the thrust magnetic bearing that repels each other；Permanent-magnet bearing can be size phase to the shape of (12,13) Permanent magnetism concentric loop same, axially opposing and that interval is little；When making upper pulling force bearing, Permanent-magnet bearing is it to the 1/2 of (12,13) One of annulus can also be replaced with soft ferromagnetic material；And when permission of the weight of rotor subassembly with respect to base bearing (20,25) When load very little, the Permanent-magnet bearing can also not have to (12,13)；

When the work of the flywheel rotor component level of the present apparatus, the permanent magnet circle ring that Permanent-magnet bearing can be different for a pair of of diameter is small Annulus outer diameter is less than the internal diameter of large circle, and outer surface and great circle ring inner surface are same polarity and spaced gap, is Concentric type thrust Permanent-magnet bearing；And when permissible load very little of the weight of rotor subassembly with respect to base bearing (20,25), this is forever Magnetic bearing is not to can also have to.

7. the dual-purpose concentric reversion free wheels electromechanical assembly of energy storage attitude control according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: electronic/ Generator subassembly includes rotor part (31,32), stator and its coil assembly (22,23), position sensor and lead, wiring Terminal；When device is used as flywheel capacity cell, the maximum peak power of dynamoelectric machine subassembly is the volume of running hours Determine 5-21 times of power；Its longest stream time is no more than 41s；

It is three-phase Y connection, magnetic field is radial magnetic field when dynamoelectric machine subassembly is permanent magnetic brushless or synchronous motor；

When dynamoelectric machine subassembly is outer-rotor type, motor stator component (22,23) key or also solid to be interference fitted Due in newel (21) outer circle of shell bottom plate；Stator core (22) is low by high magnetic conduction, the high frequency of thickness 0.2-0.35mm Loss silicon steel sheet punching, folded button riveted simultaneously compress；Or SMC (Soft Magnetic Composite) powder smelting by monoblock type The iron core of gold compacting, or with amorphous core convolute manufacture, or can also be iron-free cored structure；

The rotor part (31,32) of motor is then mounted on the rotor field spider (30) of flywheel rotor subassembly: the magnetic of rotor part Steel cylinder (31) is used as magnetic yoke, and rotor permanent-magnet steel (32) is arranged, is attracted and is glued at the interior of magnet steel cylinder (i.e. rotor rim) Circular surfaces；Rotor magnetic steel (32) can also be plug-in type: its magnet steel cylinder magnetic yoke is then same with stator core (22) in this case Sample --- can for silicon steel sheet overlapping be made, but each magnetic pole will change by two pieces of V-arrangements arrangement same polarity magnet steel formed, every block of magnetic The both ends of steel are provided with air magnetic bridge in magnetic yoke to reduce leakage field；

The material of the magnet steel (32) of rotor is neodymium iron boron resistant to high temperature or SmCo；When using few number of magnetic poles:, can also when 2P=2,4 It is magnetized structure using Halbach array formula；

The electromagnetic topology of motor slot number of poles is fractional-slot concentratred winding, and tooth socket number Z is Z=3i, i=2,3 ... 6, and number of magnetic poles 2P is 2P=2j, j=1,2 ... 5；The combination Z/2p of slot number number can be preferably Z/2p=3/2,6/4,6/8,9/6,9/8,9/10,12/ 4,12/8,12/10,18/4；

Machine winding (23) is to have the structure of single winding on every stator tooth, by the flat anaerobic with polyimides (PI) insulating layer The monolithic or multi-disc of copper strips are wound with multilayer, stacked, can also be by more thin insulation enamel insulated round copper wire (litz wire) and around flat nothing Oxygen copper strips thickness is preferably 0.3-0.7；When doing winding (23) using flat oxygen-free copper stripe, the connection between adjacent slot winding is to take Welding is connect, coats insulation processing after connection again；The lead-out wire of the lead-out wire (33) of machine winding and rotor-position sensor is outside It draws the appropriate location of the bottom plate lower part of shell (1)；

When dynamoelectric machine subassembly is inner-rotor type, then motor stator and rotor part are all disposed concentrically at center Column components interior；

When dynamoelectric machine subassembly is outer-rotor type, center post piece includes newel (21), central axis (19), master Bearing (20,25)；Size locking nut (17,26), waveform spring pad (18,24)；Center post piece is fixed with fastener, is fixed Position is in the center of shell (1) internal backplane.

8. the dual-purpose concentric reversion free wheels electromechanical assembly of energy storage attitude control according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: shell (1), end cap (6) is made of the metal material such as steel alloy, aluminium alloy of higher-strength；

Prestressing force winding filament carbon fibre epoxy resin composite material thin layer can be applied outside the cylindrical wall of shell to reinforce again, thickness It can be 3-8mm, so as to form the 4th radial protective layer for preventing flywheel rotor explosion from flying out；

When shell (1) and end cap (6) is made of the aluminium alloy of higher-strength, also spread in shell (1) and the inner surface of end cap (6) Steel alloy or stainless sheet steel equipped with high tenacity are made protection board (34), and plate is outer or gluing is coated with carbon cloth again, are combined with this As the axial heavy seal coat (35) for preventing flywheel rotor explosion from flying out；

When output torque is big, end cap (6) outer surface at crust of the device both ends can also be formed with reinforcing rib；

When this electromechanical assembly only by it is dedicated make flywheel capacity cell when, can make two armature spindles perpendicular to car and boat base plate ground install, It can also be parallel to base plate ground installation, by its revolving speed is adjusted in 2 motor controllers outside the present apparatus, linkage control makes Its synchronization is reversely rotated with same revolving speed；

When this electromechanical assembly is dedicated or is also used as gesture stability --- it for example, prevents car body rollover, hull from subtracting and shakes, or to keep When front and back two wheeler realizes upright self-balancing, the rotor center axis (19) of two flywheels can be horizontally along vehicle, hull center longitudinal axis side To installation, and it can be linked respectively by 2 electric machine controllers outside the present apparatus and synchronously adjust, control its angular acceleration or angle Deceleration controls torque to form the counteraction flyback in required direction.

9. the dual-purpose concentric reversion free wheels electromechanical assembly of energy storage attitude control according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: two flywheels Become all-sealed structure after shell (1) the combination connection of rotor assembly, is filled in the contact surface of each end face or the groove of stop portion There is O-shaped sealing ring or filled with silicone rubber for sealing.

Assembly is with after the completion of preliminary survey, and shell (1) is internal can be filled with helium or hydrogen, and gas pressure is the 1 of slightly above ambient pressure Atmospheric pressure (atm.) left and right；11% or so nitrogen can be mixed into when being filled with helium.

10. the dual-purpose concentric reversion free wheels electromechanical assembly of energy storage attitude control according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: sensing Device includes rotor revolving speed, position sensor；Inclination angle or multiaxis micro-machine acceleration/gyrosensor, detection operating vibration Acoustic emission sensor, the vibrating sensor of noise detect position/displacement current vortex sensor of flywheel rotor, detect bearing With the temperature sensor of motor stator temperature；Each sensor is placed in the suitable position of component；But when car and boat have identical function When the sensor that can, be suitble to, then to the greatest extent using identical sensor or its output signal to reduce this electromechanical assembly to the greatest extent certainly The sensor or quantity that body need to be equipped with；

The security control of the failure of the present apparatus or exception: it is mainly sensed by the sound emission that is mounted on shell (1), vibrating/displacement The triggering of device signal, once sensor detects that abnormal noise occurs in inside --- especially high-decibel strike note or abnormal displacements, Will by present apparatus outside hub control unit rapidly by flywheel rotor slow down and rupturing duty power supply, stop to it is electronic/power generation Machine power supply.