CN109036590A - A kind of sandwich structure divertor module and its integrally formed manufacturing method - Google Patents

A kind of sandwich structure divertor module and its integrally formed manufacturing method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109036590A
CN109036590A CN201810871363.0A CN201810871363A CN109036590A CN 109036590 A CN109036590 A CN 109036590A CN 201810871363 A CN201810871363 A CN 201810871363A CN 109036590 A CN109036590 A CN 109036590A
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China
Prior art keywords
powder
metal
layer
middle layer
divertor
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CN201810871363.0A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
周燕
文世峰
王冲
段隆臣
杨展
方小红
谭松成
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Wuhan Huake 3d Technology Co Ltd
China University of Geosciences
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Wuhan Huake 3d Technology Co Ltd
China University of Geosciences
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Priority to CN201810871363.0A priority Critical patent/CN109036590A/en
Publication of CN109036590A publication Critical patent/CN109036590A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21B—FUSION REACTORS
    • G21B1/00—Thermonuclear fusion reactors
    • G21B1/11—Details
    • G21B1/13—First wall; Blanket; Divertor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B22F12/41—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/32—Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
    • B22F10/66—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by mechanical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
    • B22F10/68—Cleaning or washing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/80—Data acquisition or data processing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21B—FUSION REACTORS
    • G21B1/00—Thermonuclear fusion reactors
    • G21B1/05—Thermonuclear fusion reactors with magnetic or electric plasma confinement
    • G21B1/057—Tokamaks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B22F10/366—Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B22F12/55—Two or more means for feeding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B22F12/58—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads for changing the material composition, e.g. by mixing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of sandwich structure divertor module, the divertor module successively includes upper layer from top to bottom, middle layer and bottom, the upper layer is made by metal A, the material that the metal A is selected is to be adapted to the plasma facing material towards plasma, the bottom is made by metal B, the bottom is equipped with round through hole, the material that the metal B is selected is the heat sink material with high heat conductance, the middle layer is made by the alloy of metal A and metal B, from bottom to upper layer, the mass percent of metal B is by 100% continuous transition to 0, the mass percent of metal A is by 0 continuous transition to 100%.The present invention also provides a kind of integrally formed manufacturing methods of sandwich structure divertor module.The monolithic molding on the upper layer of sandwich structure divertor module, middle layer and bottom may be implemented in manufacturing method provided by the invention, without carrying out the connection of different layers subsequently through techniques such as welding, substantially reduces manufacturing process and manufacturing cost.

Description

A kind of sandwich structure divertor module and its integrally formed manufacturing method
Technical field
The present invention relates in nuclear fusion device plasma facing material technical field more particularly to a kind of sandwich structure Divertor module and its integrally formed manufacturing method.
Background technique
The fusion energy that nuclear fusion reaction generates is the important potential by way of mainstream is controllable at present of solution mankind energy problem Nuclear fusion scheme includes two kinds: one is laser to constrain (inertial confinement) nuclear fusion, magnetic confinement nuclear fusion (tokamak).Its In, the tokamak (Tokamak) using high-intensity magnetic field constraint high-temperature plasma is most to be hopeful to realize that controllable thermonuclear fusion is anti- The device answered, many famous nuclear fusion engineerings on our times, including International Thermonuclear reactor experiment (ITER) and first Into superconducting Tokamak experimental provision (EAST) all using the mode of magnetic confinement nuclear fusion.
It is current to realize that controllable nuclear fusion also mainly faces two problems.Firstly, the precondition that nuclear fusion occurs is will be anti- Raw material deuterium (D) and tritium (T) is answered to be heated to more than one hundred million degrees Celsius.Secondly, at such high temperatures, all atoms can all occur Ionization forms plasma, how to constrain in reaction unit to become to restrict by these high-temperature plasmas and realizes that controllable core gathers The great difficult problem of change.At this point, the performance towards plasma facing materials (Plasma Facing Material, PFM) is good It is bad directly to determine that thermonuclear fusion device steady and sustained run.And wherein divertor is Service Environment in the first wall construction One of component the harshest needs to be resistant to more than 10MW/m2High heat load.Plasma facing material structure will not only bear high Plasma impact and hot-fluid impact, and quick heat is needed to conduct.Tungsten is due to its high plasma resistant punching Brush ability most holds promise for the target in fusion reactor towards plasma attack.One side had into high-melting-point and elevated temperature strength Tungsten (W) and another side there is the metallic copper (Cu) of superior thermal conductivity and temperature-room type plasticity to be combined together is current nuclear fusion Mainstay scheme in divertor.
Since W and Cu have significant performance difference, wherein the thermal expansion coefficient of the two has very big difference, directly makes At the huge thermal stress of the interface W-Cu generation during preparation and military service, and then lead to the generation of crackle.In order to effectively mitigate The thermal stress at the interface W-Cu, the design scheme that nineteen eighty-three has Japanese scholars to be put forward for the first time functionally gradient material (FGM), by two kinds of materials at What distribution ratio and structure designed gradually changes, and reduces the thermal stress between Bimaterial in terface.On this basis, and scholar mentions Skeleton seeps copper method and shapes gradient W-Cu composite construction out, first carries out lamination cold pressing using varigrained W powder, and then sintering is formed High temperature infiltration copper is finally obtained W-Cu functionally gradient material (FGM) by W skeleton.It is this kind of technology process long flow path, at high cost, and cannot achieve W- The consecutive variations of Cu material gradient.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention provides the sandwich structure that a kind of middle layer can be realized material gradient consecutive variations is inclined Strainer modules additionally provide a kind of integrally formed manufacturing method of sandwich structure divertor module, which can be real The monolithic molding on upper layer, middle layer and bottom in existing sandwich structure divertor module, without subsequently through techniques such as welding The connection for carrying out different layers substantially reduces the manufacturing process and manufacturing cost of manufacture divertor module.
The present invention provides a kind of sandwich structure divertor module, and the divertor module successively includes upper from top to bottom Layer, middle layer and bottom, the upper layer are made by metal A, and the material that the metal A is selected is to be adapted to towards plasma Plasma facing material, the bottom are made by metal B, and the bottom is equipped with round through hole, and the material that the metal B is selected is Heat sink material with high heat conductance, the middle layer is made by the alloy of metal A and metal B, from bottom to upper layer, metal B Mass percent by 100% continuous transition to 0, the mass percent of metal A is by 0 continuous transition to 100%.
Further, the upper layer with a thickness of 0.3-5mm, the middle layer with a thickness of 2-10mm, the bottom With a thickness of 10-50mm.
Further, the metal A is any one of W, Be, Mo, and the metal B is in Cu, Al, Cu-Al alloy It is any.
Further, the metal A is W, and the metal B is Cu, and the middle layer is W-Cu alloy.
The present invention also provides a kind of above-mentioned integrally formed manufacturing methods of sandwich structure divertor module, including following step It is rapid:
S1 establishes the threedimensional model of divertor module using computer, and the threedimensional model is then carried out slicing treatment, The slice of data for obtaining threedimensional model, imported into selective laser melting unit for the slice of data；
Powders A and powder B are placed individually into two powder feeding cylinders of the selective laser melting unit of repacking by S2, described Powders A is the powder of metal A, and the powder B is the powder of metal B, and the selective laser melting unit of the repacking includes two Powder feeding cylinder and a miniature meal mixer；
S3, starts selective laser melting unit, and powder B is sent into forming cavity and spreads one layer by the open powder feeding cylinder for placing powder B Powder B repeats to be sent into powder then using laser according to the corresponding slice of data formed powder B of bottom of divertor module B, it is laid with the process of powder B, formed powder B, until forming the bottom of divertor module；
S4, while the open powder feeding cylinder for placing powders A and the powder feeding cylinder for placing powder B are different high according to forming middle layer The mass percent of the corresponding metal A of degree and the mass percent of metal B, determine the powder feeding volume and powder of each layer of powders A Then powders A and powder B are sent into miniature meal mixer according to volume and are uniformly mixed, then will be uniformly mixed by the powder feeding volume of last B Powder be sent into forming cavity be successively taped against divertor module bottom top, using laser according to the centre of divertor module The slice of data of the different height of layer successively shapes uniformly mixed powder, to form the middle layer of divertor module；
S5 closes the powder feeding cylinder for placing powder B, and it is high that the forming board of selective laser melting unit is declined a powdering layer Powders A feeding forming cavity is taped against the top of the middle layer of divertor module, using laser according to the upper of divertor module by degree The corresponding slice of data formed powder A of layer is repeated to be sent into powders A, is laid with powders A, the process of formed powder A, until being formed inclined The upper layer of strainer modules is to get the divertor module for arriving forming；
S6, the divertor module after forming is removed from forming board, removes the powder of divertor Modular surface attachment, i.e., Obtain divertor module finished product.
Further, in step S4, the detailed process of the middle layer of divertor module is formed are as follows:
4.1 calculate the mass percent of metal A and the quality percentage of metal B corresponding to forming middle layer different height Than the calculation formula of the mass percent of the mass percent and metal B of metal A are as follows:
φB=1- φA,
Wherein, h is middle layer layer height, h1For the thickness of bottom, h2For the thickness of middle layer；
4.2 are calculated in forming using the mass percent of the metal A of middle layer different height and the mass percent of metal B The powder feeding volume of powders A corresponding to each layer of interbed and the powder feeding volume of powder B, the powder feeding volume of powders A and sending for powder B The calculation formula of powder product are as follows:
Wherein, ρAAnd ρBThe respectively apparent density of powders A and powder B, VAAnd VBThe powder that respectively intermediate layer height is h The powder feeding volume of layer corresponding powders A and powder B, V0For every layer of powdering volume of middle layer；φAAnd φBRespectively middle layer is high Degree is the mass percent of bisque corresponding the metal A and metal B of h；
The forming board of selective laser melting unit is declined a powdering layer height by 4.3, is calculated according in step 4.2 The powder feeding volume of powders A corresponding to the lowest level of the middle layer arrived and the powder feeding volume of powder B convey powder to miniature meal mixer Then uniformly mixed powder is sent into the top that forming cavity is taped against the bottom of divertor module, using laser root by end mixing According to the uniformly mixed powder of the corresponding slice of data forming of the lowest level of the middle layer of divertor module, to form divertor module Middle layer lowest level；
4.4 repeat step 4.3, until the top layer of the middle layer of divertor module is formed, to finally obtain divertor mould The middle layer of block.
Further, in step S3-S5, the laser of selective laser melting unit is optical fiber laser, and maximum power is 400W, powdering layer height are not less than 20 μm, and spot diameter is 70 μm -150 μm, and the protection gas used is Ar gas or He gas.
Further, the miniature meal mixer selects three-dimensional meal mixer or V-arrangement meal mixer.
Further, in step S6, the method choice wire cutting of the divertor module of forming is removed from forming board, is swashed Any one of light cutting, plasma cut, the method for removing the powder of divertor Modular surface attachment are to use dehydrated alcohol Cleaned by ultrasonic vibration.
Further, each layer of powdering layer height is equal with the thickness of corresponding slicing layer.
Technical solution provided by the invention has the benefit that
(1) present invention is shaped by functionally gradient material (FGM) design and functionally gradient material (FGM), so that Divertor structure has from bottom to upper layer Continuous metal component transition avoids Bimaterial in terface since thermal expansion coefficient difference is excessive to greatest extent and causes heat Stress is concentrated, it is possible to prevente effectively from material has good thermal stress alleviation effects under higher thermic load, increases part Active time；
(2) the method monolithic molding that the present invention passes through SLM (selective laser melting, selective laser fusing) Upper layer, middle layer and bottom not only overcome traditional handicraft by processes such as welding, hot pressing and realize dissimilar materials connection, thus The shortcomings that leading to longer process flow and higher process costs, and by the variation of the continuous gradient of dissimilar materials ingredient from Dissimilar materials combination interface is macroscopically eliminated, realizes better bond strength；
(3) present invention can go out the round through hole of bottom using SLM method with direct forming, without passing through subsequent cutting Processing, enormously simplifies process flow.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of sandwich structure divertor module of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is a kind of flow diagram of the integral forming method of sandwich structure divertor module of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of the sandwich structure divertor module of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Specific embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with attached drawing to embodiment party of the present invention Formula is further described.
Referring to FIG. 1, successively being wrapped from top to bottom the embodiment provides a kind of sandwich structure divertor module Include upper layer, middle layer and bottom, upper layer with a thickness of 0.3-5mm, middle layer with a thickness of 2-10mm, bottom with a thickness of 10- 50mm, upper layer are made by metal A, and the material that metal A is selected is to be adapted to the plasma facing material towards plasma, and bottom is by gold Belong to B to be made, and be equipped with the round through hole that diameter is 5-20mm, the material that metal B is selected is with the heat sink of high heat conductance Material, middle layer is made by the alloy of metal A and metal B, and from bottom to upper layer, the mass percent of metal B is continuous by 100% It is transitioned into 0, for the mass percent of metal A by 0 continuous transition to 100%, metal B can be appointing in Cu, Al, Cu-Al alloy One kind, metal A can be any one of W, Be, Mo.
With reference to Fig. 2, the embodiments of the present invention also provide the above-mentioned integrally formed manufactures of sandwich structure divertor module Method, comprising the following steps:
Step S1 establishes the threedimensional model of divertor module using computer, and it is soft that threedimensional model is then imported into slice Slicing treatment is carried out in part, obtains the slice of data of threedimensional model, and slice of data is imported into selective laser melting unit.
Step S2 reequips traditional selection laser melting unit, increases a powder feeding cylinder and a miniature mixed powder Powders A and powder B are placed individually into two powder feeding cylinders of the selective laser melting unit of repacking by device, and powders A is metal A Powder, powder B be metal B powder；Miniature meal mixer selects in the common meal mixers such as three-dimensional meal mixer, V-arrangement meal mixer It is any；The purpose that twin-tub powder feeding and heterogeneous powder mix powder online may be implemented by increasing miniature meal mixer.
Step S3, starts selective laser melting unit, and powder B is sent into forming cavity paving by the open powder feeding cylinder for placing powder B Then one layer of powder B shapes one layer according to the corresponding slice of data formed powder B of bottom of divertor module using laser After powder B, the forming board of selective laser melting unit is declined into a powdering layer height, repeats to be sent into powder B, be laid with powder B, the process of formed powder B repeats the above steps until forming the bottom of divertor module；One layer of powder B represents one layer of powdering The powder B of layer height.
Step S4, while the open powder feeding cylinder for placing powders A and the powder feeding cylinder for placing powder B, not according to forming middle layer With the mass percent of the mass percent of metal A and metal B corresponding to height, the powder feeding volume of each layer of powders A is determined VAWith the powder feeding volume V of powder BB, powders A and powder B are then sent into miniature meal mixer according to volume and are uniformly mixed, it is miniature Meal mixer rationally determines mixing time according to the requirement of every layer of curring time and sufficiently mixed powder, mixing time 2min-20min, Uniformly mixed powder is sent into the top that forming cavity is successively taped against the bottom of divertor module again, using laser according to inclined filter The slice of data of the different height of the middle layer of device module successively shapes uniformly mixed powder, to be formed in divertor module Interbed；
In step S4, the detailed process of the middle layer of divertor module is formed are as follows:
4.1 calculate the mass percent φ of metal A corresponding to forming middle layer different heightAWith the quality hundred of metal B Divide and compares φB, the mass percent φ of metal AAWith the mass percent φ of metal BBCalculation formula are as follows:
φB=1- φA,
Wherein, h is middle layer layer height, h1For the thickness of bottom, h2For the thickness of middle layer；
4.2 utilize the mass percent φ of the metal A of middle layer different heightAWith the mass percent φ of metal BBIt calculates Shape the powder feeding volume V of powders A corresponding to each layer of middle layerAWith the powder feeding volume V of powder BB, the powder feeding volume V of powders AA With the powder feeding volume V of powder BBCalculation formula are as follows:
Wherein, ρAAnd ρBThe respectively apparent density of powders A and powder B, VAAnd VBThe powder that respectively intermediate layer height is h The powder feeding volume of layer corresponding powders A and powder B, V0For every layer of powdering volume of middle layer；φAAnd φBRespectively middle layer is high Degree is the mass percent of bisque corresponding the metal A and metal B of h；
The forming board of selective laser melting unit is declined a powdering layer height by 4.3, is calculated according in step 4.2 The powder feeding volume of powders A corresponding to the lowest level of the middle layer arrived and the powder feeding volume of powder B convey powder to miniature meal mixer Then uniformly mixed powder is sent into the top that forming cavity is taped against the bottom of divertor module, using laser root by end mixing According to the uniformly mixed powder of the corresponding slice of data forming of the lowest level of the middle layer of divertor module, to form divertor module Middle layer lowest level；
4.4 repeat step 4.3, until the top layer of the middle layer of divertor module is formed, to finally obtain divertor mould The middle layer of block.
Step S5 closes the powder feeding cylinder for placing powder B, and the forming board of selective laser melting unit is declined a powdering Layer height, by powders A be sent into forming cavity spread one layer of powders A to divertor module middle layer top, using laser according to The corresponding slice of data formed powder A in the upper layer of divertor module, after shaping one layer of powders A, by selective laser melting unit Forming board declines a powdering layer height, repeats to be sent into powders A, is laid with powders A, the process of formed powder A, repeats above-mentioned step Suddenly until forming the upper layer of divertor module to get the divertor module of forming is arrived；One layer of powders A represents one layer of powdering layer height Powders A.
Step S3, in S4 and S5, each layer of powdering layer height is equal with the thickness of corresponding slicing layer；According to each layer Corresponding metallic element component ratio and slice of data, selective laser melting unit selection forming technological data bank at parameter The forming of this layer is counted up into, the forming parameter in forming technology database includes laser power data, scanning speed data and sweeps Retouch spacing data；Forming board is preheated before forming, preheating temperature is 50~200 DEG C；In forming process, selective laser The laser that melting unit uses is optical fiber laser, maximum power 400W, and powdering layer height is not less than 20 μm, spot diameter It is 70 μm -150 μm, the protection gas used is the inert gases such as Ar gas or He gas；
Step S6 removes the divertor module after forming from forming board, removes the attachment of divertor Modular surface Powder to get arrive divertor module finished product；The method that the divertor module of forming is removed from forming board can choose line and cut It cuts, be cut by laser, any one of plasma cut, the method for the powder of clean the surface attachment is to use dehydrated alcohol ultrasonic wave Oscillation cleaning.
Below with reference to embodiment to sandwich structure divertor module provided by the invention and its integrally formed manufacturer Method is described in detail.
Embodiment 1:
With reference to Fig. 3, the sandwich structure divertor module of the embodiment of the present invention 1 successively includes pure W layers, W- from top to bottom Cu transition zone and Cu layers pure, pure W layers of height are 1mm, and the height of W-Cu transition zone is 5mm, and pure Cu layer of height is 30mm, and Pure Cu layers is equipped with the round through hole that diameter is 12mm, for accessing coolant flow channel, from pure Cu layers to W layers pure, Cu member quality Amount percentage is gradually reduced to 0 by 100%, and W element mass percent gradually increases to 100% by 0.
Utilize the process for the sandwich structure divertor module for choosing laser melting process monolithic molding embodiment 1 are as follows: benefit With the threedimensional model of the sandwich structure divertor module of computer Three-dimensional Design Software constitution and implementation example 1, then by three-dimensional mould Type, which is imported into Slice Software, carries out slicing treatment, and every layer of slice thickness is 0.03mm, the slice of data that slicing treatment is obtained Import selective laser melting unit；
Increase a powder feeding cylinder and a three-dimensional meal mixer on the melting unit of selective laser, the effective of three-dimensional meal mixer mixes Powder amount should be no more than twice of effective filling amount of powder feeding cylinder, and W powder and Cu powder are placed individually into two powder feeding cylinders；
Starting selective laser melting unit, Cu powder is sent into forming cavity and spreads one layer of Cu powder by the open powder feeding cylinder for placing Cu powder, The laser that selective laser melting unit uses is optical fiber laser, maximum power 400W, and powdering layer height is not less than 20 μm, Spot diameter is 70 μm -150 μm, under Ar gas shielded gas, uses power for 250W, scanning speed 800mm/s, sweep span For the laser forming Cu powder of 0.07mm, the forming board of selective laser melting unit is declined into 0.03mm, repeats to be sent into Cu powder, paving If Cu powder, the process for shaping Cu powder, repeat the above steps until forming pure Cu layers that height is 30mm；
The forming board of selective laser melting unit is declined into 0.03mm, calculates the lowest level height of forming W-Cu transition zone Then the volume of corresponding Cu powder and W powder opens the powder feeding cylinder for placing Cu powder and the powder feeding cylinder for placing W powder, by Cu powder simultaneously It is transported to three-dimensional meal mixer mixing 5min according to volume with W powder, uniformly mixed powder feeding forming cavity is taped against Cu layers pure Top, under Ar gas shielded, using the lowest level of laser forming W-Cu transition zone；It repeats the above steps until forming W-Cu mistake The top layer of layer is crossed, to form height as the W-Cu transition zone of 5mm；When shaping each layer of W-Cu transition zone, according to every layer of institute Corresponding W-Cu component ratio, the technological data bank that selective laser melting unit Auto-matching pre-establishes, selection are corresponding most Good forming parameters complete the forming of this layer；The technological parameter of forming W-Cu transition zone uses compound according to the W-Cu optimized The optimal processing parameter of the W-Cu composite material for any ingredient proportion that the technological parameter of material fits；It is in practical applications Associativity between enhancing W-Cu, can also usually be added the adhesive that mass percent is 5%~10%, including Ni, Zr, V, one of Ti and Cr and a variety of；
The powder feeding cylinder for placing Cu powder is closed, the forming board of selective laser melting unit is declined into 0.03mm, then by W powder It is sent into forming cavity and is laid with one layer of W powder to the top of W-Cu transition zone, under Ar gas shielded, use power for 200W, scanning speed The laser forming W powder for being 0.1mm for 200mm/s, sweep span declines the forming board of selective laser melting unit 0.03mm repeats the process for being sent into W powder, being laid with W powder, shaping W powder, repeats the above steps until forming the pure W that height is 1mm Layer is to get the sandwich structure divertor module for arriving forming；
The sandwich structure divertor module of forming is removed from forming board using wire cutting, it is super using dehydrated alcohol Sonication cleans the powder of sandwich structure divertor Modular surface to get divertor module finished product is arrived.
The present invention is shaped by functionally gradient material (FGM) design and functionally gradient material (FGM), so that Divertor structure has continuously from bottom to upper layer Metal component transition, avoid Bimaterial in terface to greatest extent since thermal expansion coefficient difference is excessive and cause thermal stress It concentrates, it is possible to prevente effectively from material has good thermal stress alleviation effects under higher thermic load, increases the military service of part Time；The present invention not only overcomes traditional handicraft and passes through welding, heat by SLM method monolithic molding upper layer, middle layer and bottom The processes such as pressure realize dissimilar materials connection, the shortcomings that so as to cause longer process flow and higher process costs, Er Qietong The continuous gradient variation of dissimilar materials ingredient is crossed from dissimilar materials combination interface is macroscopically eliminated, realizes and preferably combines by force Degree；The present invention can go out the round through hole of bottom using SLM method with direct forming, be not necessarily to by subsequent machining, greatly Process flow is simplified greatly.
Herein, the nouns of locality such as related front, rear, top, and bottom are to be located in figure with components in attached drawing and zero Part mutual position defines, only for the purpose of expressing the technical solution clearly and conveniently.It should be appreciated that the noun of locality Use should not limit the claimed range of the application.
In the absence of conflict, the feature in embodiment and embodiment herein-above set forth can be combined with each other.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all in spirit of the invention and Within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of sandwich structure divertor module, which is characterized in that the divertor module from top to bottom successively include upper layer, Middle layer and bottom, the upper layer are made by metal A, and the material that the metal A is selected is the be adapted to towards plasma One wall material, the bottom are made by metal B, and the bottom is equipped with round through hole, and the material that the metal B is selected is tool There is the heat sink material of high heat conductance, the middle layer is made by the alloy of metal A and metal B, from bottom to upper layer, metal B's Mass percent is by 100% continuous transition to 0, and the mass percent of metal A is by 0 continuous transition to 100%.
2. sandwich structure divertor module as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the upper layer with a thickness of 0.3- 5mm, the middle layer with a thickness of 2-10mm, the bottom with a thickness of 10-50mm.
3. sandwich structure divertor module as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the metal A is in W, Be, Mo Any, the metal B is any one of Cu, Al, Cu-Al alloy.
4. sandwich structure divertor module as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that the metal A is W, the metal B For Cu, the middle layer is W-Cu alloy.
5. a kind of described in any item integrally formed manufacturing methods of sandwich structure divertor module of Claims 1-4, special Sign is, comprising the following steps:
S1 establishes the threedimensional model of divertor module using computer, and the threedimensional model is then carried out slicing treatment, obtains The slice of data is imported into selective laser melting unit by the slice of data of threedimensional model；
Powders A and powder B are placed individually into two powder feeding cylinders of the selective laser melting unit of repacking, the powders A by S2 For the powder of metal A, the powder B is the powder of metal B, and the selective laser melting unit of the repacking includes two powder feeding cylinders With a miniature meal mixer；
S3, starts selective laser melting unit, and powder B is sent into forming cavity and spreads one layer of powder by the open powder feeding cylinder for placing powder B B repeats to be sent into powder B, paving then using laser according to the corresponding slice of data formed powder B of bottom of divertor module If the process of powder B, formed powder B, until forming the bottom of divertor module；
S4, while the open powder feeding cylinder for placing powders A and the powder feeding cylinder for placing powder B, according to forming middle layer different height institute The mass percent of corresponding metal A and the mass percent of metal B determine the powder feeding volume and powder B of each layer of powders A Then powders A and powder B are sent into miniature meal mixer according to volume and are uniformly mixed by powder feeding volume, then the powder that will be uniformly mixed The top that forming cavity is successively taped against the bottom of divertor module is sent at end, using laser according to the middle layer of divertor module The slice of data of different height successively shapes uniformly mixed powder, to form the middle layer of divertor module；
S5 closes the powder feeding cylinder for placing powder B, and the forming board of selective laser melting unit is declined a powdering layer height, Powders A feeding forming cavity is taped against to the top of the middle layer of divertor module, using laser according to the upper layer of divertor module Corresponding slice of data formed powder A is repeated to be sent into powders A, is laid with powders A, the process of formed powder A, until forming filter partially The upper layer of device module is to get the divertor module for arriving forming；
S6, the divertor module after forming is removed from forming board remove the powder of divertor Modular surface attachment to get arriving Divertor module finished product.
6. manufacturing method as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that in step S4, form the middle layer of divertor module Detailed process are as follows:
4.1 calculate the mass percent of metal A and the mass percent of metal B corresponding to forming middle layer different height, gold Belong to the calculation formula of the mass percent of A and the mass percent of metal B are as follows:
φB=1- φA,
Wherein, h is middle layer layer height, h1For the thickness of bottom, h2For the thickness of middle layer；
4.2 calculate forming middle layer using the mass percent of the metal A of middle layer different height and the mass percent of metal B The powder feeding volume of powders A corresponding to each layer and the powder feeding volume of powder B, the powder feeding volume of powders A and the powder feeding body of powder B Long-pending calculation formula are as follows:
Wherein, ρAAnd ρBThe respectively apparent density of powders A and powder B, VAAnd VBThe bisque that respectively intermediate layer height is h is corresponding Powders A and powder B powder feeding volume, V0For every layer of powdering volume of middle layer；φAAnd φBRespectively intermediate layer height is h Bisque corresponding metal A and metal B mass percent；
The forming board of selective laser melting unit is declined a powdering layer height by 4.3, according to what is be calculated in step 4.2 The powder feeding volume of powders A corresponding to the lowest level of middle layer and the powder feeding volume of powder B are mixed to miniature meal mixer conveying powder It closes, uniformly mixed powder is then sent into the top that forming cavity is taped against the bottom of divertor module, using laser according to partially The uniformly mixed powder of the corresponding slice of data forming of the lowest level of the middle layer of strainer modules, to be formed in divertor module The lowest level of interbed；
4.4 repeat step 4.3, until the top layer of the middle layer of divertor module is formed, to finally obtain divertor module Middle layer.
7. manufacturing method as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that in step S3-S5, the laser of selective laser melting unit Device is optical fiber laser, and maximum power 400W, for powdering layer height not less than 20 μm, spot diameter is 70 μm -150 μm, is used Protection gas be Ar gas or He gas.
8. manufacturing method as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that the miniature meal mixer selects three-dimensional meal mixer or V-arrangement Meal mixer.
9. manufacturing method as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that in step S6, the inclined of forming is removed from forming board The attachment of divertor Modular surface is removed in any one of the method choice wire cuttings of strainer modules, laser cutting, plasma cut Powder method be use dehydrated alcohol cleaned by ultrasonic vibration.
10. manufacturing method as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that each layer of powdering layer height and corresponding slicing layer Thickness it is equal.
CN201810871363.0A 2018-08-02 2018-08-02 A kind of sandwich structure divertor module and its integrally formed manufacturing method Pending CN109036590A (en)

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CN110238404A (en) * 2019-05-30 2019-09-17 西北工业大学 A kind of high energy beam increasing material manufacturing method of dissimilar materials complex structural member
CN110619963A (en) * 2019-10-14 2019-12-27 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 Tokamak fusion device internal part arrangement structure convenient for remote operation and maintenance
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